Commonwealth History in the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series, 330 INDEX

Index1

A Afrikaner Rebellion, 194 Aboriginal Societies and the Common Afrikaner republican Law (McHugh), 82 solidarity, 192–194 Aborigines’ of Southern Rhodesia, 92 Ageron, C.-R., 271 Aborigines Protection Society, 89 Aiken, F., 198 Abrahams, P., 179 Aldrich, H., 15 Acland, A., 245 Aldrich, R., 124 Adeane, M., 129 Algeria, 16–17, 251, 254, 283–288 African Communities (Imperial) Commonwealth League, 54 negotiation, 273–278 Africanisation policies, 114 Commonwealth Prime Ministers’ African National Congress (ANC), 14, Meetings to debate colonial 216, 218, 220–222, 226, policy, 278–283 237–239, 247 Algerian War, 271–290 African nationalism, 64 Ali, C. M., 284, 285 African property rights, in Ali, M., 127 Rhodesia, 89 Alienated lands, 86 African socialism, 64 Aliens Act, 113, 114 Afrikaner nationalism, 13, 161 All-Asia Conference, 177 Afrikaner National Party, 193, Alphand, H., 274, 277, 278 195, 196 Amery, L., 26, 27, 38, 132, 200

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

© The Author(s) 2020 329 S. Dubow, R. Drayton (eds.), Commonwealth History in the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41788-8 330 INDEX

Amin, I., 65 Australian Federation (1901), 47 Anglo-American alliance, 126 Australian identity, 136 Anglo-Boer War, see Boer War (South Australian law, 96 Arfican War) Australian Security Intelligence Anglo-Irish Protestant, 183 Organisation (ASIO), 233, 234 Anglo-Irish settlement, 193 Autonomous communities, within the Anglo-Irish tariff war, 192 British Empire, 21, 57 Anglo-Irish Treaty, 189 ‘Anglo-Saxon’ networks, 274 Anglosphere, 231, 232, 244, 247 B Anti-Apartheid and British Babb, G., 15, 229, 230, 239, 240, policies, 210–112 247, 248 Anti-Apartheid Movement, 13, 14, Baghdad Pact, 275, 281n43, 285, 287 179, 225, 234 Bains, H., 117 Anti-apartheid principles, 225 Balewa, A. T., 289 Anti-German influence, on French Balfour Declaration, 190 government, 265 Balfour Report, 21 Anti-immigrant sentiment, 11, 108, 114 Bandaranaike, W. R. D., 130 Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Bandung Conference, 274 Society, 89, 91 Bank of England, 324–327 Anyaoku, E., 72, 185, 223 and Commonwealth, 18, 316–321 Apartheid Banks, in New Commonwealth arms boycott, 210–212 States, 321–324 government, 207–227 Basner, H., 170 sanctions, 220–222 Battle of Dakar, 261 Apartheid and International Finance: Baudouin, Paul, 259 A Program for Change, 221 Bavadra, T., 72, 73 Arab government, 64 Bayly, C. A., 43, 156 Arusha Declaration, 64, 66 Beattie, S., 247 Asian Commonwealth citizens, 121 Belich, J., 231 Asian leaders, 30 Benn, A. S., 27n24 Asian ‘New’ Commonwealth Benn, T., 279 citizens, 102 Bennett, R. B., 198 ‘Asian values’ debate, 10, 75–76 Berger, T., 234 Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Bevin, E., 126 Representation Act, 168 Birla, G. D., 32 Associated Chambers of Commerce Black internationalism, 58 and Industry of India and Ceylon Blyden, E. W., 49, 50, 54 (ASSOCHAM), 29, 30 Boateng, P., 3 Atlantic Charter (1941), 43, 59, 154 Bocking-Welch, A., 17 Attlee, C., 105, 126, 146, 177, 197 Boer War (South Arfican War), 42, Attlee, M., 179 161, 191 INDEX 331

Bogdanor, V., 130 British Empire, 3, 26, 43, 44, Boipatong massacre, 223 47, 53, 54, 59, 62, 82, 84, Boland, F., 198 90, 97, 98, 123, 144–145, Bose, S. C., 199 152, 166 Botha, L., 187 British Empire 2.0, 19 Botha, P. W., 216–219, 225, 226 British Entente, 25 Boundary Commission, 189 British Guiana, 56 Bourke, P. J., 199 British identities, 106 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 223 British immigration bills, 114 Brand, R., 187 British imperial networks, 22 Breen, D., 181, 184, 205 British imperial patriotism, 46, 47 Brexit, 2 British Indian Army, 191 Briggs, C., 58 British Labour Party, 56 Briscoe, R., 195 British-led business associations, 32 Britain, 2, 6, 12, 18, 42, 44, 45, 48, British monarchy, 11, 125, 128, 129, 49, 52, 60, 68, 70, 124, 127, 143, 163, 165 133, 134, 137–139, 155, 159, See also British Crown 165, 185, 186, 188, 189, 196, British nationality, 105 207–209, 215–217, 220, 222, British Nationality Act (BNA), 11, 226, 227, 230, 232, 244, 288, 105, 106, 120 291–295, 315, 320, British North America Act, 127 321, 323–327 British South Africa Company citizenship, 114 (BSAC), 10, 82, 85–87, 93 civilisation, 131 British subjects, 120, 121 colonialism, 130 British trade links, 2 colonial rule, 66 British West Indian Regiment, 55 ‘Commonwealth Day’, 17, 298, British West Indies, 47 300–303, 305, 308, 309 ‘British West Indies in the Mirror Dominion collaboration, 31 of Civilization: History Imperial Federation Movement, 19 Making by Colonial Negroes’ Britannic, 9, 25, 26, 50, 106, 107 (M. Garvey), 53 British Empire Citizens, 57 ‘British World’ initiative, 6 British Commonwealth, 4, 21, 27, 38, Brook, N., 281 44–46, 56–59, 128, 129, 183, ‘Bruce Report’ of 1939, 36 188, 190, 252 Bruce, S., 36, 37, 39, 107 See also Commonwealth Brunet, L.-A., 16, 195 British constitutional monarchy, 130 Bush, G., 222 British-controlled firms, in India, 30 Butler, R. A., 109 British Crown, 146, 163 Butler, T. U. B., 57 See also British monarchy; Royalty Butler, W., 182 British Dominions, 6, 117, 198 Butler Committee, 147 British economic leadership, 29 Byrne, J., 198 332 INDEX

C Cohen, P., 117 Cabinet Constitutional Committee, 218 Cold War, 60, 76 Calder, F., 95 Cole, T., 221 Callaghan, J., 185 Collins, M., 199, 203 Canadian Citizenship Act, 11, 104 Colonial administrators, 91 Canadian Confederation of 1867, 47 Colonial and Imperial Conference Canny, N., 198 system, 7 Caribbean Labour Congress, 59 Colonial Development and Caribbean League, 55 Welfare Act, 37 Caribbean political interventions, 55 Commonwealth, 207–227, 324–327 Carlyle, T., 49 associations, 185 Castle, B., 112 Bank of England and, 316–321 Castro, F., 245 in Britain, 295–300 Cavanagh, E., 10 citizens, 111, 121 Central Banking Course (CBC), citizenship, 11, 105, 106, 116 313–315, 324–327 collaboration, 33 Central Committee for Economic and common law, 94 Social Questions, 37 communities, 106, 112, 117, 118 Chadwick, J., 297 constitutional model, 83 Chakrabarti, R., 2 diplomacy, 271–290 Chalker, L., 220 economic cooperation, 29 Chamberlain, J., 52 effect, 1, 10, 62, 80 Chamberlain, N., 194 future, banking on, 311–328 Chambers of commerce, 28, 30 headship, 125 Chatterjee, A., 31 Immigrant Bill, 134 Childers, E., 188 immigrants, 104, 116, 118, 120, 122 Chowdhury, H. H., 278, 280 Indian republicanism and, 143–159 Churchill, W., 108n31, 126, 187, 191, Ireland’s historic links to, 187–189 192, 194, 195, 252, 254–256, legal status, 7 260, 261, 266, 267 migrants, 118 Churchillian generation, 135 migration, 110 Cipriani, T. A., 54, 56, 58, 59 monarchy, 124 Citizens of the United Kingdom and nations, 126 Colonies (CUKC), 105, 114 networks, 29 Civil Disobedience Movement, 149 organisation, 136 Civis Britannicus Sum, 104 preoccupations, 7 Clark, H., 3 representatives, 114 Clark, J., 221, 240 Re Southern Rhodesia and, 93–99 Clark, W., 194 rights of movement, 2 Clavin, P., 24 settler societies, 98 Club of Ten, 240 unity, 122 Coghlan, C., 191, 192 See also British Commonwealth INDEX 333

Commonwealth Accord on Southern Confederation of the British West Africa, 216 Indian Possessions, 53 Commonwealth Acts, 117 Congress Socialist Party, 151 Commonwealth Caribbean figures, 43 Conservative Party, 102, 211 Commonwealth Conference, 1, 13, Conservative Suez Group, 272 60, 114, 115, 138, 244 Constituent Assembly, 145, 147, 152, Commonwealth Day, 17, 291 155, 156 messages, 296, 301 Constitutional evolution, 83 Commonwealth Eminent Persons Constitutionalism, 65 Group, 14 Constitution of Kenya Review Commonwealth Foreign Ministers Commission (‘CKRC’), 76 Committee, 222 Contemporary Review, 52 Commonwealth Heads of Government Convention People’s Party, 207 Conference, 1–2, 60, 138, 244 Cooperative international order, 3 Commonwealth history, 1, 5, 6, 14, Coronation Durbar, in India, 167, 176 18, 124, 127 Costello, J. A., 128, 196 Commonwealth Human Rights Council for Aboriginal Initiative (CHRI), 75, 80 Reconciliation, 249 Commonwealth Immigrants Act of Coupland, R., 193 1962, 11, 104, 111, 112, Cox, E. L., 48n24 121, 133 Crafford, F. S., 188 Commonwealth Immigrants Act of Craggs, R., 298 1968, 104, 114, 115, 121 Cranborne, Robert Arthur, 260, Commonwealth immigration, 11, 103, 266, 267 104, 112, 113, 115, 117, 120 Cressey, Rev. Martin, 298 restrictions on, 108–116 Crocker, C., 236 Commonwealth Legal Education Crown Colony Jamaican Association, 75 constitution, 52 Commonwealth Oral History Crown Colony model/system, 49–51 Project, 140 Crown Commonwealth, 132 Commonwealth Prime Minister’s Crown land, 86, 87n9 Conference, 233 Curtis, L., 60, 187 Commonwealth Relations Office Curzon, Lord George Nathaniel, 158 (CRO), 17, 198, 282, 283, 285, Cycles of Civilisation—Insights on the 289, 294–309 Rise and Fall of Europe, Asia and Commonwealth Secretariat, 62, 134 Africa (Marryshow), 46, 47, 49 Commonwealth Summit, Ottawa, 138 Commonwealth Youth Sunday (CYS), 301 D Communalism, 64 Dadoo, Y., 170, 176, 177, 179 Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act in Daily Express, 25, 292, 299 1985, 246 Dal, A., 150 334 INDEX

Davidson, B., 300 E De Chastelain, J., 203 East Africa 1963–1971, 63–68 De Gaulle, C., 254, 255, 259, 261 East African Asians, 114 De Klerk, F. W., 221–223, 226, 247 East African Students Union, 179 De La Warr, E., 299, 300 Eastern Europe Jewish immigration, 114 De Smith, S. A., 131, 153 Economic and Financial Section of the De Valera, E., 13, 14, 184, 188, League, 27, 28, 36 192–198, 255 Ecuador, 209 Declaration of Rights of the Caribbean Eden, A., 16, 126, 208, 281 Peoples, 47 Eireann, D., 191 Decolonisation, 5, 8, 16, 118, 120, Elgey, G., 271 121, 125, 130, 131, 137, 140, Elton, Lord, 301, 302 165, 198, 201, 208, 292, Eminent Persons Group (EPG), 293, 327 218–219, 225, 226 Delhi Conferences of 1947 and Empire Agricultural Council, 36 1949, 166n10 Empire-Commonwealth, 35 Destiny of the West Indies, The Empire Communist Party Conference (Malliet), 57 in London, 178 Die Burger, 207, 208 Empire Day, 291–293, 296, 298, Devlin, Lord Patrick, 201 300, 302 Die Vaderland, 238 Empire Marketing Board, 9, 27, 34 Diefenbaker, J., 15 Empire Settlement Act, 103 Diplomacy with a Difference (Lloyd), 5 Empire’s New Clothes: The Myth of the Dixon, P., 276, 277, 286 Commonwealth, The (Murphy), 2 Domingo, W., 59 English common law, 82, 92, 96 Dominion, 4, 9, 21, 24, 26, 28–31, Ennals, D., 113 34, 38, 44, 53, 57, 118, 130, 165 Equality of rights, 107 business leaders, 28 Europe, 2, 11, 16–18, 24, 27, 28, 34, of Canada, 187 35, 43, 45, 47, 114, 117, 119, status, 4, 58, 83, 152 121, 126, 133, 134, 157, 229, Donaldson, J., 186 252, 256, 258–260, 312, Donovan, W. G., 50, 51, 56 316, 324–327 Douglas-Home, A., 83 European Commission of Human Drayton, R., 10, 157 Rights, 118 Drummond, E., 24 European Common Market, 197 Du Plessis, D., 178 European Commonwealth, 26 DuBois, W. E. B., 45 European-dominated system, 204 Dubow, S., 42, 141n60, 145, European Economic Community 209, 225 (EEC), 118, 121, 134 Dulanty, J., 196 Evans, G., 221 Dupuy, P., 252, 269 Evening Mail, The, 109 Durban Liberal Studies group, 179 Evening Standard, 298 Dyer, R., 183 External Relations Act, 193 INDEX 335

F Free and Assisted Passages Fanon, F., 6 Scheme, 117 Faulkner, W., 249 Freedland, J., 205 Federal Council for Aboriginal French Colonial Empire, 261 Advancement Annual French Revolutionary crisis, 48 Conference, 233 Front de libération nationale (FLN), Federalist and Grenada People, The, 51 273, 279, 280, 289 Federation of British Industries, 27 Froudacity (Thomas), 49 Federation of Chambers of Commerce Froude, J. H., 49 of the British Empire Fryer, P., 116 (FCCBE), 27, 28 Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), G 31–33, 38 Gaitskell, H., 112, 113, 119, 133 Federation of Indian Student Societies Gallacher, W., 177 in Great Britain, 179 Gallagher, J., 4, 14, 184, 185 Federation of the West Indies, 52 Gandhi, I., 135 Fedon, J., 48 Gandhi, M. K., 42, 149, 162, 164, Feetham, R., 189 170, 172, 174, 176 Fein, S., 13 Gandhi, R., 220 Fergusson, E., 230 Ganilau, R. P. K., 73 Fieldhouse, D., 12 Garner, Joe, 138 Fifth Pan-African Congress, 45 Garvey, M., 23, 46, 53, 54, 56 Fine Gael Party, 186 General Assembly Resolution, 210 Finlay, R., 89 Geneva Conference, 32 First London Conference on the Suez George V, King, 149, 164, 172, 188, Crisis, 284 189, 191 First World War, 8, 21, 29, 44, 54, 55, George VI, King, 127, 162, 167, 169, 88, 184, 256 193, 258 Foley, G., 234 German Samoa, 22 Foreign Office (FO), 17, 283–284 Getachew, A., 43 ‘A Foreign Policy for India,’ Geyer, A. L., 197 (Nehru), 23 Ghai, G. P., 75 Forster, E. M., 178 Ghai, Y. P., 10, 61–80, 61n1, 63n3 Founding of the Second British Empire, Ghetto Act, 168, 171 The (Harlow), 4 Giri, V. V., 199 ‘Future of South and Central Gleneagles Agreement, 215 Africa,’ 45 Globe and Mail, 237 Foster, R., 205 Goddard, V., 17, 296, 297, 299 Foucault, M., 6 Gogarty, J., 188 Franco-British relations, 17, Goldsmith, C., 272 254–258, 268 Gomas, J., 172 Fraser, M., 135, 219 Gomes, A., 58 336 INDEX

Gool, M., 172 Holmes, C., 117 Gosteli, J., 239 Holmes, J., 288 Gotlieb, A., 246 Home, A. D., 109 Government of India Act, 12, 30, Hopkins, K., 9 148, 150 Hopkinson, H., 106 Great Famine, 263 Hopwood, F., 187 Greenane House, 181 House of Commons, 220 Griffith, A., 13, 188 House of Delegates, 162n1 Guianese Trade Unionist, 58 House of Lords, 44 Guomindang, 23 How Russia Transformed Her Colonial Empire, 59 Howe, G., 212 H Huiswood, O., 58 Halifax, Lord (Edward Frederick Human rights, 76 Wood), 252, 254, 259 Hyam, R., 5 Hall, S., 116 Hailsham, Lord Quintin, 292 Handler, J. K., 48n25 I Hansen, R., 103 Immigration controls, 121 Harare Declaration, 75 Immigration restrictions, 121 Harding, E., 193 Imperial Conference, 26, 27, Harkness, D., 185, 190 29, 30, 33 Harlow, V., 4 1917, 29 Harmsworth, V., 4 1921, 4 Harrovian, The, 159 1926, 7, 21, 25, 30, 57 Hart, H. L. A., 63 1937, 36, 193 Hattersley, R., 113 1947, 105 Hau’ofa, E., 68 Imperial Economic Committee (IEC), Havenga, N. C., 198 23, 27, 36, 37 Hawke, B., 15, 140, 216, 220, 222, Imperial Federation Movement, 10, 232, 233, 236, 238, 241–244, 19, 51, 52 248, 249 Imperial Federation Project, 50 Hayden, B., 242 Imperial Indian Citizens Healey, D., 185 Association, 177 Heath, E., 138 Imperial Shipping Committee, 27 Hertzog, J. B. M., 190, 192–194, Imperial War Conference, 44 198, 258 India Heunis, C., 218 Constituent Assembly of India, Hewson, J., 249 144, 145 High Aswan Dam project, 281 India League, 179 High Commissioner in London, 258 Indian Chambers of Commerce, 9 History Seminar (Cambridge), 6 Indian Civil Service, 183 INDEX 337

Indian Independence Act, 148 Irish nationalism, 13, 188, 198 Indian Reserve system, 235 Irish neutrality, 194, 195 Royal Visit, 175–180 Irish republican Indian Emperor, 127 contamination, 194–196 Indian National Congress (INC), 9, Irish Treaty ports, 16, 195 23, 32, 143, 146, 148, Irish War of Independence, 181 167, 176 origins of Commonwealth Indian Workers Association, 113 history, 181–187 Inkatha Freedom Party, 223 Republic of Ireland Bill, 128, 129 Institute for Intellectual Irish Republican Association of South Co-operation, 22 Africa, 190 Institute of Race Relations (IRR), 110 Iskra (‘the Spark’), 66 Interdepartmental Working Party, 110 Islamic Commonwealth, 282 International Chamber of Commerce Ismail, A., 173 (ICC), 9, 24, 28, 31 iTaukei, 73 International Convention of Negroes of the World, 46 International food policies, 35 J International human rights, 10 Jadwat, C., 179 International Labour Conference at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, 183 Geneva, 32 Jameson, L. S., 187 International Labour Organization Jebb, R., 25–27, 38 (ILO), 24, 31 Jebb, Sir G., 133, 273, 276 International Organization of Labour Jeffery, K., 14, 184 Employers, 31 Jenkins, A., 237 International Peace Conference, Jensen, S., 43 Paris, 157 Jim Crow, 53 Ireland Jinnah, M. A., 197 Commonwealth and, 203–205 Johnson, B., 60, 125 historic link to Joint Commonwealth Societies Commonwealth, 187–189 Council (JCSC), 299, Irish agency, 205 306, 307 Irish Catholics, 198 Joint Council for the Welfare of ‘Irish colonial’ model, 199 Immigrants, 118 Irish Commonwealth effect, 205 Journal of Imperial and Irish Convention, 187 Commonwealth Irish crisis, 190–191 History, The, 5 Irish Free State, 189 Joyce, J., 188 Irish Free State (Agreement) Act, Judicial Committee of the Privy 25, 187, 190 Council (JCPC), 10, 82, 83, 88, Irish impact on nationalist 91, 96–98 movements, 199 Judiciary and wider legal system, 93 338 INDEX

K League of Nations, 8, 22–30, 32–36, Kajee, A. I., 169, 171, 174 38, 45, 256, 257 Kapila, S., 145 Health Section budget, 37–38 Kaputin, J., 69 organization, 25 Kaunda, K., 135, 211, 216, 220 Legislative council, 87 Keith, A. B., 148, 193 Legislative opacity, 11 Kenilorea, P., 71 Lemass, S., 198 Kenya Emergency (1952–1960), 293 Leone, S., 198 Kenyan Asian community, 134 Lewis, J., 166 Kenyan Asian migration, 114 Liberal Party, 162n1, 182 Kenyan constitution process, 78 Lippert Concession, 85 Kenyatta, J., 63 Lloyd, J., 231 Khan, A., 16, 112, 283, 289, 290 Lloyd, L., 5, 272 Khukhrain Hindu community, 63 Lloyd, S., 271, 281 Kibaki, M., 78 London Conference of 1949, 12 King, William Lyon Mackenzie, 104, London Declaration, 144–146, 153, 252, 256, 259 155, 156, 158, 179, 185, 197 Kingsley, C., 49 Long, W., 187 Kiribati and Fijian laws, 71 Lord Rosebery, Archibald Primrose, 3 Kirkby, C., 10 Loss, D., 308 Klotz, Audie, 242 Louw, E., 194, 196 Kumarasingham, H., 11–13, 146, Low, D. A., 159 146n10, 184 Lowry, D., 13, 14, 16 Loyalism, 42, 147, 163, 164, 180 Lyon, P., 272 L Labour Party, 102, 106, 112, 133 Laithwaite, G., 199 M Lal, B., 74 Mabo v Queensland, 96 Lall, A. S., 276, 278, 283 MacBride, S., 196 Lamont, N., 52 MacDonald, M., 277, 278 Lancaster House Agreement, 15 Mackenzie, J., 5 Lange, D., 215 Macmillan, H., 15, 103, 108n31, 132, Laval, P., 267, 268 133, 201, 209, 273, 276, 300 Layton-Henry, Z., 103, 103n10 Madden, F., 12 League Against Imperialism, 23 Maffey, J., 200, 201 League and Commonwealth “Magna Carta,” 163 institutions, 9 Makarios, A., 133, 280 League Assemblies and Makatini, J., 220 Conferences, 31 Malan, D. F., 194–196, 207, 208, 258 League Council, 26 Malik, S. H. S., 277 League Covenant, 22 Malliet, W., 57 INDEX 339

Managed migrations, 116–120 Miles, R., 103 Mancham, J., 70, 71 Milirrpum v Nabalco (1971), 95 Mandates Commission, 22 Miller, F., 9 Mandela, N, 135, 218, 222–225, 237, Mir Khan, M., 274, 275, 278 243, 247 Misra, M., 30 Manley, M., 224 Mitchell, George, 203 Manley, N., 112 Moi, D., 76 Mansell, M., 237 Mollet, G., 272, 287 Mansergh, P. N. S., 12, 14, 129, 153, Momis, J., 69, 70 183–185, 205 Monarchy, 306–308 Mara, R. K., 72, 73 See also Royal Maritzburg Indian Technical Students Monroe Doctrine, 43 Society, 173 Monthly Summary of the League of Marryshow, T. A., 46–51, 54–57, 60 Nations, 26 Marshall, G., 130 Montreal Star, 240 Martin, G., 5, 185, 190 Moore, C., 71n19 Mashonaland, 85, 86, 90, 93 Moore, R., 59 Matabeleland, 85, 86, 90, 93 Morant Bay Rebellion, 49 Matthews, J., 162, 162n2 Moslem Volunteer Corps, 174 Maud, J., 208 Mountbatten, L., 152, 167, 197 McAuslan, P., 63, 65, 66 Mouvement national algérien (MNA), McCreery, C., 124 279, 282, 289 McDonald, M. L., 186 Mugabe, R., 199, 220, 222 McDougall, F., 9, 33–37 Muhindi, 67 McEntee, Seán, 197 Muldoon, R., 213, 214 McGilligan, P., 190, 198 Mulligan, B., 188 McHugh, P. G., 82, 95 Mulroney, B., 15, 222, 232, 233, 236, McIntyre, W. D., 5 237, 241–246, 248, 249 McKenzie, F., 5 Multi-faith Commonwealth McKinnon, D., 139, 185 Day, 306–308 McMahon, D., 185 Multiracial Commonwealth, 122, 208 Meikle, L. S., 53, 54, 56, 58 Multiracialism, 102, 103, 116–120 Menon, K., 17, 178, 179, 274–278, Murphy, P., 2, 44, 125, 225, 226, 307 280, 287 Murray, G., 52 Menzies, R., 16, 131, 132, 134, Mutunga, W., 67 195, 210 Merriman, J. X., 187 Mers el-Kébir, 251–254, N 259–261, 264 Naicker, M., 170, 172, 173, 176, 177 Messali Hadj, 279 Naidoo, H. A., 170, 178 Middle East, 22, 230, 280, 281, Naidu, S., 164, 178 284, 285 Naoroji, D., 143 340 INDEX

Narayan, J. P., 146 Nixon, R., 140 Narokobi, B., 70 Njonjo, C., 67 Nasar, S., 11 Nkrumah, Kwame, 67, 207, 207, Nassau Accord, 217, 218, 220 133, 134 Nasser, G. A., 272 Noon, F. K., 285 Natal Indian Congress (NIC), 162, Nottingham and Notting Hill riots of 162n1, 163, 168 1958, 104, 108, 109n32 Passive Resistance Council, 175 Nottingham Evening Post, The, 108 Natal Indian Organisation, 180 Nutting, A., 274 Natarajan, Radhika, 307 Nyerere, J., 64, 65, 135, 211, 305 National Committee for Commonwealth Immigrants (NCCI), 115 O National Constitutional Convention, Obasanjo, O., 219 Bomas, 78 Obote, M., 65, 305 National Front, 102 O’Brien, C. C., 201 National Institute of Economic and Observer, The, 293 Social Research, 110 O’Dwyer, M., 182–184, 198, 205 National Party, South Africa, see Ogmore, Lord David Rees, 309 Afrikaner National Party O’Higgins, K., 190, 200 Nation, The, 221 Okanagan Statement, 220 Nazi Germany, 254, 255 O’Malley, E., 200 Ndegwa, P., 70 O’Neill, T., 202 Negro World (Garvey), 56 Onslow, S., 207, 208, 271 Nehru, J., 12–14, 16, 18, 23, 24, 33, Orr, J. B., 37 60, 128, 133, 165, 169, 175, Ostrorog, S., 277, 278 177, 178, 184, 197, 204 Ottawa conference, 34 and Indian republicanism, Ovenden, K., 221 12, 143–159 Overseas Development Ministry, 71 Presidential Address to the Congress Oxford political economy, 79 (Nehru), 143, 151 New Commonwealth, 120, 309 immigrants, 110, 111 P immigration, 102, 104, 120 Padmore, G., 58 states, banks in, 321–324 Pan-Africanism, 45, 50, 55 New International Economic Pan-African politics, 10 Order, 60 Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi, 170 New York-based West Indies National Panikkar, K. M., 287 Emergency Committee, 43 Pao, Y. K., 75 New Zealand Rugby Football Union Passive Resistance Campaign (NZRFU), 214, 215 (1946–1947), 162n1, 164, 168, Ngedlane, J., 172 170, 171, 173, 174, 177, Nisga Tribal Council, 95 178, 180 INDEX 341

Passive Resistance Council delegation Racial legacies, as weapon, 238–241 of Radicals, 170 Raman, P., 175, 176 Pather, P. R., 173 Ramphal, S., 6, 15, 60, 135, 186, 214, Paul, K., 101, 103 220, 224, 225 Pax Britannica, 50 Rand Daily Mail, 161, 210, 264 Peguis Reserve, 247 Rand Revolt of 1922, 190 People’s Commission of Kenya, 77 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Perry, K. H., 103, 108, 110 (RSS), 150 Pétain, P., 251 Rau, B. N., 197 Petersson, F., 23n8 Rawle, C. W. A., 57 Picciotto, S., 63 Rawlinson, P., 105, 212 Pimlott, B., 125, 135 Read, J., 64 Pineau, C., 271, 280, 282 Reagan, R., 230, 244–246 Pioneer Column, 85 Reappraisals in British Imperial Pirow, Oswald, 264 History (Hyam and Martin), 5 Plunkett, H., 187 Reddy, J. R., 72–74 Policing the Crisis (Hall), 116 Redmond, J., 187 Poovalingham, P., 161, 162, 162n1, Reeves, P., 74 166, 180 Reeves Commission, 74 Pope, J., 71 Reich, 254, 265, 267 Powell, E., 11, 113, 133 Reitz, D., 16, 195 Prince of Wales, 136 René, F.-A., 70 Pritchard, N., 298, 309 Renwick, R., 15, 226 Privy Council, 88, 97, 189, 193 Republican Union, 193 Purna Swaraj resolution, 144, 149 Republic of Ireland Bill, 128, 129 Purushotham, S., 11–13 Reserve lands, 86 Put Our World to Rights (Cottrell), 75 Re Southern Rhodesia, 10, 82, 84, 88–93 and Commonwealth, 93–99 Q Responsible Government Association Queen Elizabeth II, 17, 72, 186, (RGA), 191 301, 303 Rhodes, C., 84, 85, 187 Queen’s Proclamation of 1858, 163 Rhodesian affairs, 202 Queen Victoria, 127, 147, 301 Rhodesia, imperial decline and loyalist Quit India Movement (1942), 151 reaction in, 201–202 Quota system, 111 Richards, H. E., 89 Richtersveld Community v. Alexkor (2001), 97 R ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech (Powell), 11 Rabuka, S., 72, 73 Robinson, M., 199 Race Relations Act of 1965, 109 Robinson, R., 5 Racial equality, 22, 154, 301 Roman-Dutch law, 82, 94, 98 Racialized communities, 61 Round Table, The, 5, 14 342 INDEX

Roux, E., 172 Sharpeville massacre, 1960, 209, 234 Royal, 13, 46, 85, 123–125, Shivji, I. G., 66, 66n12 127, 130, 134–137, Shonk, K., 199 164, 166, 167, 174–176, Significance of the Commonwealth, 180, 308 1965–1990, The (McIntyre), 5 Royal Albert Hall, 307 Simon Commission, 149 Royal Archives, 137 Simonstown Agreement of 1955, Royal Commonwealth Society, 119, 211, 212 296, 304 Simpson, T., 14 Royal Navy, 264 Singh, U., 183, 184 Royalty, 170–172 Sinn Fein Party, 186 Royal Visit Indian Reception Sisulu, A., 221 Committee, 174 Sisulu, W., 221 Royal Visit of 1947, 165, 167, 171, Sivanandan, A., 111 177, 179, 180 Skinner, Q., 42 Rudd Concession, 84 Slade, T. N., 71, 72 Rugby, Lord J. M., 200 Smith, I., 83, 188, 202 Rush, A. S., 135 Smith, T., 3 Rustomjee, S., 170 Smuts, J., 3, 12, 13, 16, 18, 22, 44–46, 54–56, 60, 131, 167, 183, 184, 187, 188, S 190–195, 251–269 Said, E., 6 Socialist Commentary, 118–119 Saint-Mande, W., 200 Somare, M., 69, 70 Salisbury, Lord R. E., 101–103, 119 Sommers, E., 203 Salter, A., 24, 27 Sondhi, R., 102, 120 Sampson, A., 138 South Africa, 47, 48, 161 Sapire, H., 11, 13 minority Indian community, 162n1 Savoy Speech, 46 relationship with Irish, 194 Schofield, C., 134 South Africa Committee, 179 Schwarz, B., 45, 45n15, 131 South African affairs, 163 Scott, L., 89–91 South African Apartheid, 229–249 Second World War, 4, 8, 104, 154, South African Indian empire 204, 208, 245, 291 loyalism, 163 Seedat, D., 169 South African Indian loyalism, 163 Self-governing Dominion, 47 South African War (see Boer War) Serres, J., 278, 282, 285 and Vichy, 258–265 Setalvad, C. H., 177 South African Indian Congress Seychelles People’s United Party (SAIC), 169 (‘SPUP’), 70 South African Reserve Bank, 18 Shamir, Y., 199 South Asian community, 64 INDEX 343

Southeast Asian Treaty Organisation Taylor, Lord Stephen James, 307 (SEATO), 283 Taylor, M., 135 Southern Rhodesia (1889–1918), Te Water, Charles, 258 82–88, 191 Telegraph, The, 139 administrative system, 86 Thackeray, D., 8 Regulations Act, 87n9 Thatcher, M., 14, 131, 137, 216, legislative council, 87 217, 219–222, 226, 230, Soviet Union/Soviet Republic, 244, 246 58, 59, 246 Thema, S., 42 South West Africa People’s Theory and Practice of Creole Organization (SWAPO), 238 Grammar, The (Thomas), 49 Special Reference in the Matter of Third British empire, 39 Southern Rhodesia, shortened as Third British Empire, The (Zimmern), Re Southern Rhodesia, 82 23, 31, 38 Spencer, I., 103, 107, 117 Third World, 67, 68, 70, 80 Stals, C., 222 Thomas, J. J., 49 Statute of Westminster, 7, 22, 57, 146 Thomas, M., 257, 272, 288 Stephenson, N., 231 Thompson, A., 5 Stevenson, L., 15, 238, 239 Thompson, E., 182 Steyn, C., 195 Thorne, A. A., 58 Stockwell, S., 17, 18 Times, The, 109, 296 Strijdom, J. G., 208, 280 Toohey, J., 203 Student Labour Federation, 178 Tordoff, W., 69 Suez Crisis, 16, 271–290, 293 Torrent, M., 16 renewal of Commonwealth Towards Racial Harmony and practice, 283–288 National Unity (Choudhury- Suhrawardy, H. S., 285 Reddy), 74 Sumner, Lord John Hamilton, 84, Toye, R., 257 88–93, 95, 96 Trade Union Congress, 27 Sunday Telegraph, The, 120 Trinidad Labour Party, 56 Sunday Times, The, 110 Trinidad Working Men’s Supreme Court of Canada, 95 Association, 56 Suzman, H., 246 Trinity College Dublin, 192 Swinton, Lord Philip Cunliffe- Trudeau, P., 135, 138, 245 Lister, 102 Twining, E. F., 63 Twining, W., 63, 64n6

T Tanganyika African National Union U (‘TANU’), 64 Ufungamano Initiative, 77 Taylor, A. J. P., 188 Ugandan Asians, 118 344 INDEX

Ulster, imperial decline and loyalist Verwoerd, Hendrik F., 162, 209, 210 reaction in, 201–202 Vichy Ulster Unionists, 203 Dominions decide to Ulster Volunteer Force, 191 break off relations Ulufa‘alu, B., 71 with, 265–268 Unalienated lands, 86, 87, 91–92 Franco-British relations Unfinished Empire (Darwin), 42 under, 254–258 Unilateral Declaration of South Africa and, 258–265 Independence (UDI), Visser, G., 195 Rhodesia, 10, 84, 97, 115, Visser, T. C., 192 191, 308 Von Hirschberg, C., 226 Union of University Liberal Societies, 179 United Kingdom and Colonies W (UKC), 105 Wagner, K., 204 United Nations (UN), 24 Wako, A., 76 Economic and Social Council, Walker, G., 113 24, 34, 36 Walker, R, 276 General Assembly, 272 Ward, S., 8, 136, 167n12 United Nations Educational, Scientific Washington Star, The, 241 and Cultural Organization WASP helicopter, 211, 212 (UNESCO), 22 Waterson, S., 258 A United West Indies (Murray), 52 Watts, R., 69 Universal Negro Improvement Webster, W., 117, 118 Association, 54 Welensky, R., 201 University Students African Wells, W., 50 Revolutionary Front, 66 West Indian Federation, 53 UN Security Council, 274 West Indian National Emergency Resolution (1977), 216 Committee, 59 Resolution 181, 210 West Indian nationalism, 55 US Congress, 232 West Indian, The, 51, 55 US domestic agenda, 247 West Indies Federation of 1958–1962, 60 West Indies Labour V Conference, 56, 57 Vakatora, T. R., 74 Weston, A. B., 63 Van der Merwe, N. J., 192 White Dominions, 4, 8, 230 Vedantic-cum-Hegelian’ Whitehead, E., 201 perspective, 156 Williams, H. S., 50 INDEX 345

Wilson, H., 107, 112, 119, 120, Y 202, 211 Yew, L. K., 135 Windrush generation, 120 Yorkshire Post, The, 291 Wolfe, P., 232, 249 Young, H., 139 Women’s Institute, 300 Young Englanders, The (Hall), 116 Workers’ Home Rule Party, 57 World Economic Conference, 26 Worsthorne, P., 139 Z Zanzibar Revolution, 64 Zimmern, A., 21–23, 21n1, 25, X 31, 38 Xuma, A. B., 170 Zumhoff, J., 58n66