DOCSLIB.ORG

Phrynosoma Cornutum and P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phrynosoma Cornutum and P STRATEGIES OF PREDATORS AND THEIR PREY: OPTIMAL FORAGING AND HOME RANGE BEHAVIOR OF HORNED LIZARDS (PHRYNOSOMA SPP.) AND RESPONSE BY HARVESTER ANTS (POGONOMYRMEX DESERTORUM). Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors MUNGER, JAMES CAMERON. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 20:56:51 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185315 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of "sectioning" the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University MicrOfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI48106 8306455 Munger, James Cameron STRATEGIES OF PREDATORS AND THEIR PREY: OPTIMAL FORAGING AND HOME RANGE BEHAVIOR OF HORNED LIZARDS (pHRYNOSOMA SPP.) AND RESPONSE BY HARVESTER ANTS (POGONOMYRMEX DESERTORUM) The University ofArizona PH.D. 1982 University Microfilms In tern at ion aI 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor. MI 48106 Copyright 1983 by Munger, James Cameron All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark_";_. 1. Glossy photographs or pages __ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print __ 3. Photographs with dark background __ 4. Illustrations are poor copy __ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy __ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page __ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages t/ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements __ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine __ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print __ 11. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages __ 15. Other_______________________________ _ University Microfilms International STRATEGIES OF PREDATORS AND THEIR PREY: OPTIMAL FORAGING AND HOME RANGE BEHAVIOR OF HORNED LIZARDS (PHRYNOSOMA SPP.) AND RESPONSE BY HARVESTER ANTS (POGONOMYRMEX DESERTORUM) by James Cameron Munger A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 982 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read James Cameron Munger the dissertation prepared by ------------------------------------------- entitled Strategies of predators and their prey: optimal foraging and home range behavior of horned lizards (Phrynosoma spp.) and response by harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex desertorum). and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date Date Date Date Date _~~~~~:=:~~~===:==.-=-=.. -~.=-.~. _ <~ I 1'27 ~- '/ / 'Jef ') pproval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingen? upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. qiss~ation Director Date C-:~,// STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or repro­ duction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. APPROVAL BY DISSERTATION DIRECTOR This dissertation has been approved on the date shown below: ///// 7J:H:ROWN //>/' Professor of Ecology ~/~// and Evolutionary Biology v' ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have contributed to the completion of this disserta­ tion; I \lJish I could thank them all as much as they have helped me. My parents, Winifred and Milton Munger, got me started on this road long ago by encouraging my curiosity and my interest in nature. My brother, Charlie, also helped provide the right atmosphere; he was (and is) always trying to find out what makes things work. Lynn Murray rescued me from a machine shop in Berkeley, sparked my interest in biological problems, and has been providing love, encouragement, and support (both emotional and financial) ever since. At U.C. Berkeley, Jim Patton, Rob Colwell, Bill Glanz, and Robert Stebbins were important in solidifying my interest in ecology and were instrumental in pointing me towards the University of Arizona, where a new and exciting department was just getting started. At U of A. a core of faculty (Jim Brown, Bill Schaffer, ~1ike Rosenzweig, and Ron Pulliam) provided a very stimulating atmosphere. The graduate students in the department (Mike Dungan, Dave Gori, Richard Inouye, Mike Bowers, and Dan Thompson come immediately to mind; others were important as well) were a great group to be with: critical, yet supportive. An important element of the EEB atmosphere is the need to blend theory and empiricism: Data are much more valuable \lJhen tied to theory; theory has little value if it can't be tested. It was this atmosphere that led to the blend presented in this dissertation. My committee members, Bob Smith, Bill Heed, Rich Michod, Bob Chew, and Mike Rosenzweig were supportive yet not at all pushy. My major professor, iii iv Jim Brown, was especially important during my graduate career. Anytime I needed ideas or advice or encouragement, he enthusiastically provided them. More importantly, though, he encouraged me to pursue my ideas in my own way. The mechanics of actually putting this document together were greatly helped by three people. Lynda Delph and Willie Cornell did an excellent job drawing the figures. Jill Smith typed the manuscript (as well as numerous versions of each of the chapters); her conscientious hard work made the project much easier. Following are acknowledgments specific to each chapter: Chapter 1: David Gori and Daniel Thompson both served in the key role of sounding board for many of the ideas presented here and both provided comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Robert Abugov, Michael Bowers, James Brown, Robert Chew, Thomas Gibson, Nancy Huntly, Richard Inouye, Richard Michod, Paul Sherman, Con Slobodchikoff, and David Vleck provided valuable discussion and/or comments on an earlier draft. Chapter 2: James Brown, Robert Chew, Nancy Huntly, Richard Inouye, Eric Larsen, Charles Lowe, Richard Michod, Charles Munger, and David Vleck provided critical comments on earlier drafts and/or valuable discussion. Chapter 3: James Brown, Robert Chew, Laura Key, C. H. Lowe, Cecil Schwalbe, Wade Sherbrooke, David Vleck, and Michael Willig provided critical comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. James Landig­ Hevesi of the Department of Radiation Oncology was extremely helpful in providing me with iridum seeds. Bryan Westerman and Carl Irwin of the v U. of A. Radiation Control Office helped in choosing an isotope, found a source for it, and secured approval of my work from the agencies regula­ ting nuclear material. Harry Doan of the Department of Nuclear Engineer­ ing loaned me the pulse-rate meter and scintillation probe. W. Thomas Jones loaned me a number of radiotransmitters and receiving equipment. Michael Bowers, James Brown, Karen Brown, Kevin Brown, Astrid Kodric-Brown, Diane Davidson, Nancy Huntly, Richard Inouye, Laura Key, Doug Sampson, Daniel Thompson, and Eric Van Hoogenstyn captured lizards at the study site during their activities there.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New State Record for Aguascalientes, Mexico: Phrynosoma Cornutum (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae), the Texas Horned Lizard
    Herpetology Notes, volume 7: 551-553 (2014) (published online on 3 October 2014) A new state record for Aguascalientes, Mexico: Phrynosoma cornutum (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae), the Texas horned lizard José Carlos Arenas-Monroy1*, Uri Omar García-Vázquez1, Rubén Alonso Carbajal-Márquez2 and Armando Cardona-Arceo3 Horned lizards of the genus Phrynosoma are widely most are typical of the Chihuahuan desert herpetofauna distributed through North America and range from (Morafka, 1977); some of these species have only southern Canada to western Guatemala (Sherbrooke, recently been documented (e.g. Quintero-Díaz et al., 2003). The genus comprises 17 species (Leaché and 2008; Sigala-Rodríguez et al., 2008; Sigala-Rodríguez McGuire, 2006; Nieto-Montes de Oca et al., 2014) and Greene, 2009). However, these arid plains still that exhibit exceptional morphological, ecological, remain relatively unexplored, because the majority and behavioral adaptations to arid environments of sampling efforts have focused on the canyons, (Sherbrooke, 1990, 2003). mountains, and sierras on the western half of the state Of these, Phrynosoma cornutum (Harlan, 1825) (Vázquez-Díaz and Quintero-Díaz, 2005). Here, we inhabits grasslands and scrublands from central United document the first records of Phrynosoma cornutum States southward to the Mexican states of Chihuahua, from the state of Aguascalientes. Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, During a field trip on 16 July 2008, UOGV collected a Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas from sea level up to male Phrynosoma cornutum ca. 4.7 km S of San Jacinto, 1830 m above sea level (m asl); this species has one of Rincón de Romos (22.304219°N, 102.238156°W; the largest ranges in the genus (Price, 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Sunshine Is Delicious, Rain Is Refreshing, Wind Braces Us Up, Snow Is Exhilarating; There Is Really No Such Thing As Bad Weather
    3/14/11 The Midden Photo by Nathan Veatch Galveston Bay Area Chapter - Texas Master Naturalists April 2011 Table of Contents AT/Stewardship/Ed 2 Spring is Here by Diane Humes, President 2011 Outreach Opportunities Prairie Ponderings 3 Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing, wind braces us up, snow is exhilarating; there Wetland Wanderings 4 is really no such thing as bad weather, only different kinds of good weather. - John Ruskin Spring 2011 Class 6 Fishy Facts 7 We have had all kinds of good weather this winter, threat of ice, snow, and sleet unfortunately causing our first-ever chapter meeting cancellation in February. “Heartbreak” Turtles 7 Fortunately, we all stayed warm, dry, and safe. Our speaker, Chris LaChance, has re- Hook ‘em Horns 9 scheduled her presentation for the June meeting, so all is now well. We look forward Horny Toads 10 to all different kinds of good weather and good times for the coming year! FoGISP Training 11 The new chapter training class began February 17 and Raptor Workshop 12 continues most Thursdays into May. Check the schedule and please drop by to meet the 22 future Guppies from Julie 13 Galveston Bay Area Master Naturalists and welcome Red Harvester Ants 14 them to our mission of preservation, restoration, and education about our natural environment. The new class members bring a wealth of experience and love of nature, most citing experiences camping and exploring the outdoors since childhood. They are already into the food, fun, and friendship! The year 2011 marks our chapter’s 10th anniversary and plans are being formulated for a year of celebration.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ants of Oklahoma Master of Science
    THE ANTS OF OKLAHOMA By Jerry H. Young(I\" Bachelor of Science Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College Stillwater, Oklahoma 1955 Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE January 1 1956 tl<lAWMA AGCMCl«.f�Al L �Ci'!AlttCAl e&U.Ull LIBRARY JUL16195 6 THE ANTS OF OKLAHOMA Thesis Approved: Thesis Adviser }>JcMem��f � 't'" he Thesis ) Committee Member of the Thesis Committee 7'4'.��Member of the Thesis Committee Head of the Department ifean of the Graduate School 361565 ii PREFACE The study of the distribution of ants in the United States has been a long and continuous process with many contributors, but the State of Oklahoma has not received the attentions of these observers to any great extent. The only known list of ants of Oklahoma is one prepared by Mo Ro Smith (1935)0 Early in 1954 a survey of the state of Oklahoma was made to determine the species present and their distributiono The results of this survey, which blanketed the entire State, are given in this paper. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dro Do E. Howell, chairman of the writer's thesis committee, for his valuable assistance and careful guidance in the preparation of this papero Also, much guidance on preparation of this manuscrip_t was received from Drs. Do Eo Bryan, William H. Irwin and F. A. Fenton. Many of the determin­ ations were made by M. R. Smith.. Vital infonnation was obtained from the museums at Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College and the University of Oklahoma.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Horned Lizard Watch Monitoring Packet
    Management and Monitoring Packet What’s happened to contents all the horny toads? About Horned Lizards......................2 Everyone loves horny toads, but for many Texans, the fierce-looking, yet Management of amiable, reptiles are only a fond childhood memory. Once common through- out most of the state, horned lizards have disappeared from many parts of Horned Lizards .................................4 their former range. How to Monitor A statewide survey conducted by the Horned Lizard Conservation Society in Horned Lizards .................................7 1992 confirmed many Texans’ personal experiences—in the latter part of the Landowner Access 20th century the Texas Horned Lizard nearly disappeared from the eastern Request Form ...................................8 third of Texas and many respondents reported that horned lizards were in- creasingly rare in Central and North Texas. Only in West and South Texas do Site Survey Data Form .....................9 populations seem somewhat stable. Transect Data Form ...................... 10 Many factors have been proposed as culprits in the disappearance of horned lizards, often fondly called “horny toads,” including collection for the pet Contact Information ..................... 11 trade, spread of the red imported fire ant, changes in agricultural land use, habitat loss and fragmentation as a result of urbanization, and environmental References ..................................... 11 contaminants. For the most part, however, the decline of horned lizards has remained a mystery with little understanding of management actions that could be taken to reverse it. Even less is known about the status of our other two horned lizard species—the Round-tailed Horned Lizard and the Greater Short-horned Lizard. But you can help! Through participation in Texas Horned Lizard Watch as a citizen scientist, you can collect data and observations about the presence or absence of horned lizards and habitat characteristics on your monitoring site.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Publication
    Caesar Kleberg A Publication of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife ResearchTracks Institute CAESAR KLEBERG WILDLIFE RESEARCH INSTITUTE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY - KINGSVILLE 1 Caesar Kleberg Volume 5 | Issue 2 | Fall 2020 In This Issue 3 From the Director Tracks 4 Restoration: Just What Do You Mean By That? 8 The Unique Nature of Colonial-nesting Waterbirds 12 Texas Horned Lizard 8 Detectives Learn More About CKWRI The Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute at 16 Donor Spotlight: Texas A&M University-Kingsville is a Master’s and Mike Reynolds Ph.D. Program and is the leading wildlife research organization in Texas and one of the finest in the nation. Established in 1981 by a grant from the Caesar Kleberg 20 Fawn Survival and Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, its mission is Recruitment in South Texas to provide science-based information for enhancing the conservation and management of Texas wildlife. 23 Alumni Spotlight: J. Dale James Visit our Website www.ckwri.tamuk.edu Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville 700 University Blvd., MSC 218 Kingsville, Texas 78363 4 (361) 593-3922 Follow us! Facebook: @CKWRI Twitter: @CKWRI Instagram: ckwri_official Cover Photo by iStock 2 Magazine Design and Layout by Gina Cavazos Caesar Kleberg From the Director The overarching mission of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute is to promote wildlife conservation. We do this primarily by conducting research and producing knowledge to benefit wildlife managers and land stewards. We also promote wildlife conservation by training the next generation of wildlife biologists Tracks through our graduate education programs. However, producing knowledge and trained professionals is not enough.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Burning and Grazing on Survival, Home Range, and Prey Dynamics of the Texas Horned Lizard in a Thornscrub Ecosystem
    The Effects of Burning and Grazing on Survival, Home Range, and Prey Dynamics of the Texas Horned Lizard in a Thornscrub Ecosystem Anna L. Burrow1, Richard T. Kazmaier1, Eric C. Hellgren1, and Donald C. Ruthven, III2 Abstract.—We examined the effects of rotational can increase the amount of woody vegetation (Archer livestock grazing and prescribed winter burning on the and Smeins 1991). Ruthven et al. (2000) found that state threatened Texas horned lizard, Phrynosoma forbs increased on southern Texas rangelands in the first cornutum, by comparing home range sizes, survival year after a winter burn, but were not affected by estimates and prey abundance across burning and grazing. Bunting and Wright (1977) also found that grazing treatments in southern Texas. Adult lizards were forbs and grass cover increased following fire. Ants, the fitted with backpacks carrying radio transmitters and main prey of horned lizards, are not deleteriously relocated daily. Prey abundance (harvester ants, affected by fire or grazing (McCoy and Kaiser 1990; Pogonomyrmex rugosus) and activity were greater in Heske and Campbell 1991; McClaran and Van Devender burned pastures, but grazing had a variable effect 1995:165 Fox et al. 1996). depending on the timing since the last burn. Home ranges in burned pastures were smaller than in Specific objectives of our research were to: compare the unburned pastures in the active season. Level of grazing relative abundance and activity of harvester ants, (heavy vs. moderate) did not affect home range size. Pogonomyrmex rugosus, the main food source of the Texas Summer survival rates of horned lizards were higher in horned lizard, among different burning and grazing the moderately grazed sites than the heavily grazed sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Small-Scale Disturbances by Kangaroo Rats on Chihuahuan Desert Ants
    Oecologia (2000) 125:142–149 © Springer-Verlag 2000 R.L. Schooley · B.T. Bestelmeyer · J.F. Kelly Influence of small-scale disturbances by kangaroo rats on Chihuahuan Desert ants Received: 11 October 1999 / Accepted: 11 March 2000 Abstract Banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys Introduction spectabilis) are prominent ecosystem engineers that build large mounds that influence the spatial structuring Natural disturbances create environmental patchiness of fungi, plants, and some ground-dwelling animals. that can strongly influence organisms and ecological Ants are diverse and functionally important components processes (Watt 1947; Wiens 1976; Pickett and White of arid ecosystems; some species are also ecosystem en- 1985; Turner 1987). In particular, patch disturbances can gineers. We investigated the effects of patch disturbances affect patterns of species richness and community struc- created by D. spectabilis mounds on ant assemblages in ture by increasing habitat heterogeneity and permitting a Chihuahuan Desert grassland in southern New Mexico the coexistence of species with differing competitive and by using pitfall traps in a paired design (mound vs. ma- colonization abilities (Horn and MacArthur 1972; trix). Although the disturbances did not alter species Denslow 1985; Huston 1994). In terrestrial systems, the richness or harbor unique ant communities relative to the disturbances created by the activities of burrowing mam- matrix, they did alter species composition; the abun- mals are important generators of spatial heterogeneity dances of 6 of 26 species were affected. The distur- (Huntley and Inouye 1988; Whicker and Detling 1988; bances might also act to disrupt spatial patterning of ants Hansell 1993). These effects are especially evident in ar- caused by other environmental gradients.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Horned Lizards If You’Re Like Most Texans of a Certain Age, You’Ve Got Memories of finding “Buckets” of Horned Lizards in Your Youth
    Subscribe Past Issues Translate RSS View this email in your browser September/October 2020 Newsletter In this issue: Visit our website for updates: Bexar Audubon Society President's Message Update on Bird City Texas Audubon Course Online: Puffins BAS August 26 Online Meeting: Bats BAS/Mitchell Lake Sept. 8: Hummingbirds BAS September 23 Online Meeting: American Badgers BAS October 8: Preventing Bird Strikes BAS October 28 Online Meeting: Building Bird-friendly Cities BAS/SA Audubon Nov. 5: Texas Horned Lizard Sparrow ID Presentation Sept. 3: S. A. Audubon Society Mitchell Lake Audubon Center Online Presentations Welcome New BAS Members Thank You, BAS Donors! Call for BAS Volunteers AmazonSmile Area Birding Info Membership & BAS Board PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Patsy Inglet, President Even though COVID-19 cases are on a downward trend in our area and some schools are offering in- person instruction, Bexar Audubon is continuing to hold our meetings and other programs remotely. Of course, we are looking forward to the re-opening of Mitchell Lake Audubon Center sometime this fall so we can see birds and our fellow birders in person and stretch our birding brain cells while keeping our social distance. Great Texas Birding Classic: Another opportunity is the 24th Annual Great Texas Birding Classic, postponed this spring due to health concerns, but now rescheduled for October 1-31. With new rules and birding team categories, it still supports Texas Parks & Wildlife bird and birding conservation project grants while meeting pandemic health guidelines. Take a look at the GTBC website, put together a team, pick a date in October that works for you, and get out there! Special Event: Looking ahead to the first Thursday of November (11/5), Bexar Audubon and San Antonio Audubon are once again teaming up for a fall event with a very special speaker, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Pogonomyrmex Barbatus
    Anita. Behav., 1986, 34, 1402-1419 The dynamics of the daily round of the harvester ant colony (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) DEBORAH M. GORDON Museum of Comparative Zoology and Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. Abstract. Colonies of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, do various tasks outside the nest. There is a daily temporal pattern in the numbers of ants engaged in each of five activities: foraging, nest maintenance, patrolling, midden work and convening. Perturbations were carried out in the field to investigate how the daily round changes in response to environmental events and colony needs. Interfering with nest maintenance, foraging or both caused changes in the temporal patterns in all five of the observed activities. Removing nest maintenance workers, foragers or both caused the numbers involved in all five activities to decrease, and there were temporal patterns in the effects of removals. The results of both interference and removal experiments show that the extent to which a worker group does one activity affects the behaviour of other groups. When nest maintenance or foraging is impeded experimentally, these two activities are of reciprocal priority. When both are impeded, foraging is of higher priority than nest maintenance. Harvester ants forage, patrol, maintain the nest speaking, that of an equilibrium state, but the area and foraging trails, collect and arrange dynamics of colony organization are not yet under- pebbles on the nest, and gather in small groups, stood. What events will alter the daily round, by inspecting and grooming each other. The beha- how much, and for how long? Is there more than viour of the colony outside the nest at any moment one equilibrium state? can be described by citing the number of ants This study begins an exploration of the dynamics engaged in each of the five activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Anolis Equestris) Should Be Removed When Face of a Watch
    VOLUME 15, NUMBER 4 DECEMBER 2008 ONSERVATION AUANATURAL ISTORY AND USBANDRY OF EPTILES IC G, N H , H R International Reptile Conservation Foundation www.IRCF.org Central Netted Dragons (Ctenophorus nuchalis) from Australia are popular in captivity due to their striking appearance and great temperament. See article on p. 226. Known variously as Peters’ Forest Dragon, Doria’s Anglehead Lizard, or Abbott’s Anglehead Lizard (depending on subspecies), Gonocephalus doriae is known from southern Thailand, western Malaysia, and Indonesia west of Wallace’s Line SHANNON PLUMMER (a biogeographic division between islands associated with Asia and those with plants and animals more closely related to those on Australia). They live in remaining forested areas to elevations of 1,600 m (4,800 ft), where they spend most of their time high in trees near streams, either clinging to vertical trunks or sitting on the ends of thin branches. Their conservation status has not been assessed. MICHAEL KERN KENNETH L. KRYSKO KRISTA MOUGEY Newly hatched Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) on the Invasive Knight Anoles (Anolis equestris) should be removed when face of a watch. See article on p. 204. encountered in the wild. See article on p. 212. MARK DE SILVA Grenada Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) remain abundant on many of the Grenadine Islands despite the fact that virtually all forested portions of the islands were cleared for agriculture during colonial times. This individual is from Mayreau. See article on p. 198. WIKIPEDIA.ORG JOSHUA M. KAPFER Of the snakes that occur in the upper midwestern United States, Populations of the Caspian Seal (Pusa caspica) have declined by 90% JOHN BINNS Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) are arguably the most impressive in in the last 100 years due to unsustainable hunting and habitat degra- Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) are frequently edificarian on Grand Cayman.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Colony Characteristics in the Harvester Ant Genus
    Evolution of Colony Characteristics in The Harvester Ant Genus Pogonomyrmex Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Christoph Strehl Nürnberg Würzburg 2005 - 2 - - 3 - Eingereicht am: ......................................................................................................... Mitglieder der Prüfungskommission: Vorsitzender: ............................................................................................................. Gutachter : ................................................................................................................. Gutachter : ................................................................................................................. Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: .............................................................................. Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am: ............................................................................. - 4 - - 5 - 1. Index 1. Index................................................................................................................. 5 2. General Introduction and Thesis Outline....................................................... 7 1.1 The characteristics of an ant colony...................................................... 8 1.2 Relatedness as a major component driving the evolution of colony characteristics.................................................................................................10 1.3 The evolution
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona Wildlife Notebook
    ARIZONA WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ARIZONA WILDLIFE NOTEBOOK GARRY ROGERS Praise for Arizona Wildlife Notebook “Arizona Wildlife Notebook” by Garry Rogers is a comprehensive checklist of wildlife species existing in the State of Arizona. This notebook provides a brief description for each of eleven (11) groups of wildlife, conservation status of all extant species within that group in Arizona, alphabetical listing of species by common name, scientific names, and room for notes. “The Notebook is a statewide checklist, intended for use by wildlife watchers all over the state. As various individuals keep track of their personal observations of wildlife in their specific locality, the result will be a more selective checklist specific to that locale. Such information would be vitally useful to the State Wildlife Conservation Department, as well as to other local agencies and private wildlife watching groups. “This is a very well-documented snapshot of the status of wildlife species – from bugs to bats – in the State of Arizona. Much of it should be relevant to neighboring states, as well, with a bit of fine-tuning to accommodate additions and deletions to the list. “As a retired Wildlife Biologist, I have to say Rogers’ book is perhaps the simplest to understand, yet most comprehensive in terms of factual information, that I have ever had occasion to peruse. This book should become the default checklist for Arizona’s various state, federal and local conservation agencies, and the basis for developing accurate local inventories by private enthusiasts as well as public agencies. "Arizona Wildlife Notebook" provides a superb starting point for neighboring states who may wish to emulate Garry Rogers’ excellent handiwork.
    [Show full text]