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Monetary Policy and Bank Risk-Taking: Evidence from the Corporate Loan Market
Monetary Policy and Bank Risk-Taking: Evidence from the Corporate Loan Market Teodora Paligorova∗ Bank of Canada E-mail: [email protected] Jo~aoA. C. Santos∗ Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Nova School of Business and Economics E-mail: [email protected] November 22, 2012 Abstract Our investigation of banks' corporate loan pricing policies in the United States over the past two decades finds that monetary policy is an important driver of banks' risk-taking incentives. We show that banks charge riskier borrowers (relative to safer borrowers) lower premiums in periods of easy monetary policy than in periods of tight monetary policy. This interest rate discount is robust to borrower-, loan-, and bank-specific factors, macroe- conomic factors and various types of unobserved heterogeneity at the bank and firm levels. Using individual bank information about lending standards from the Senior Loan Officers Opinion Survey (SLOOS), we unveil evidence that the interest rate discount for riskier borrowers in periods of easy monetary policy is prevalent among banks with greater risk appetite. This finding confirms that the loan pricing discount we observe is indeed driven by the bank risk-taking channel of monetary policy. JEL classification: G21 Key words: Monetary policy, risk-taking channel, loan spreads ∗The authors thank Jose Berrospide, Christa Bouwman, Daniel Carvalho, Scott Hendry, Kim Huynh, David Martinez-Miera and seminar participants at Nova School of Business and Economics, SFU Beedie School of Business, the 2012 FIRS Meeting in Minneapolis, and the 2012 Bank of Spain and Bank of Canada \International Financial Markets" Workshop for useful comments. -
Banks Are Not Intermediaries of Loanable Funds — Facts, Theory and Evidence Zoltan Jakab and Michael Kumhof
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Curriculum Vital February 2017 GABRIEL
Curriculum Vital February 2017 GABRIEL JIMÉNEZ ZAMBRANO Bank of Spain Directorate General of Financial Stability and Resolution Financial Stability Department Alcalá, 50 28014 Madrid, Spain Phone: + 34 91 338 57 10 e-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION Abril 2013 ESADE: Executive MBA on Leadership Development, June 2001 CEMFI (Bank of Spain): MSc in Economics and Finance. June 1999 University Complutense of Madrid: Bachelor of Arts Degree in Mathematics (Special Prize) WORK EXPERIENCE Since May 2015 Head of the Regulatory Impact Assessment Unit, Directorate General Financial Stability and Resolution, Financial Stability Department, Banco de España. Dec. 2007-April 2015 Head of the Banking Sector Analysis Unit, Directorate General Regulation, Financial Stability Department, Banco de España. Sept. 01-Nov. 07 Economist, Directorate General Regulation, Financial Stability Department, Banco de España. PRIZES 2015 Jaime Fernández de Araoz on Corporate Finance PUBLICATIONS (in chronological order) When Credit Dries Up: Job Losses in the Great Recession (with S. Bentolila and M. Jansen) Journal of the European Economic Association, forthcoming, 2017. Macroprudential Policy, Countercyclical Bank Capital Buffers and Credit Supply: Evidence from the Spanish Dynamic Provisioning Experiments (with S. Ongena, J. L. Peydró and J. Saurina) Journal of Political Economy, forthcoming, 2017. 1 Hazardous Times for Monetary Policy: What do Twenty-Three Million Bank Loans say About the Effects of Monetary Policy on Credit Risk-Taking? (with S. Ongena, J. L. Peydró and J. Saurina) Econometrica, 82 (2), 463-505, 2014. How Does Competition Impact Bank Risk Taking? (with J. A. López and J. Saurina) Journal of Financial Stability, 9, 185-195, 2013. Credit Supply and Monetary Policy: Identifying the Bank Balance-Sheet Channel with Loan Applications (with S. -
The Nature of Money in Modern Economy –Implications and Consequences
JKAU: Islamic Econ., Vol. 29 No. 2, pp: 57-73 (July 2016) DOI: 10.4197 / Islec. 29-2.4 The Nature of Money in Modern Economy –Implications and Consequences Stephen Zarlenga* and Robert Poteat** *Director, American Monetary Institute (AMI), New York, USA **Senior adviser to the AMI, New York, USA Abstract. This paper discusses the great importance of the monetary question, and briefly examines some of the dominant erroneous concepts of money and their effects upon societies. It also points and links to the great progress currently being made by researchers in this field, so readers can examine them more fully. It presents very brief summaries of what some of the important new papers do. It also aims at helping instructors in outlining a reading curriculum to assist in a long overdue understanding of money power. Finally, the paper presents a money and banking system proposal which has evolved since the Great Depression of the 1930s, and is now ready for implementation and has even been introduced as potential legislation into the United States Congress. 1. Introduction Perhaps no subject as important to mankind as the Finally, the authors will describe a money and nature of money has been so neglected and banking system proposal they are very familiar misunderstood in both the popular and professional with, which has evolved since the Great Depression mind, to the great detriment of the intelligent and of the 1930s, and is now ready for implementation just operation of societies. The author’s intent is to and has even been introduced as potential legislation discuss the great importance of the monetary into the United States Congress. -
Cornell Law School
CORNELL LAW SCHOOL Central Bank Money: Liability, Asset, or Equity of the Nation? Michael Kumhof(1), Jason Allen(2), Will Bateman(3), (4) (5) (6) Rosa Lastra , Simon Gleeson , Saule Omarova (1) CEPR and Centre for Macroeconomics. Email: [email protected] (2) Humboldt Universität zu Berlin. Email: jason.allen@hu‐berlin.de (3) Australian National University. Email: [email protected] (4) Queen Mary University of London. Email: [email protected] (5) Clifford Chance. Email: [email protected] (6) Cornell University. Email: [email protected] Cornell Law School research paper No. 20-46 Cornell Law School Myron Taylor Hall Ithaca, NY 14853-4901 This paper can be downloaded without charge from: The Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3730608 Draft 5 August 2020 Central Bank Money: Liability, Asset, or Equity of the Nation? Michael Kumhof(1), Jason Allen (2) Will Bateman (3), Rosa Lastra (4), Simon Gleeson (5), Saule Omarova (6) Abstract Based on legal arguments, we advocate a conceptual and normative shift in our understanding of the economic character of central bank money (CBM). The widespread treatment of CBM as a central bank liability goes back to the gold standard, and uses analogies with commercial bank balance sheets. However, CBM is sui generis and legally not comparable to commercial bank money. Furthermore, in modern economies, CBM holders cannot demand repayment of CBM in anything other than CBM. CBM is not an asset of central banks either, and it is not central bank shareholder equity because it does not confer the same ownership rights as regular shareholder equity. -
Schedule for May 9-11 Conference (PDF)
WELCOME Welcome to the 39th Eastern Economic Association Annual Meetings in New York, N.Y. Our incoming President-Elect Solomon Polachek, session chairs, organizers, and review committee have done a great job putting together this year’s program, which I hope you will find as intellectually exciting as I do. The program furthers the EEA’s tradition of encouraging intellectual debate, open to all points of view. I'd particularly like to welcome those attending the conference from other regions of the country and other parts of the world. This has been a year marked by challenges in the New York area, with hurricane Sandy closing down the Association’s home office for two weeks and postponing the New York District Fed Challenge program. As many of you know, the EEA has partnered with the Federal Reserve Banks of New York and Philadelphia, and the Federal Reserve Board of Governors to sponsor the Federal Reserve Bank Challenge. This program is a competition by which five person teams from various colleges make 15-minute presentations to academics, practitioners, and Fed economists as to whether the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee should raise, maintain, or lower the targeted Fed Funds Rate. Subsequently the panel of expert judges questions the students on a wide range of issues. By working with the Federal Reserve System, the EEA is fulfilling one of its missions by promoting economic education. I would like to thank the members of the Fed Challenge Advisory Board for their service: Howard Freeman, Ray Stone, CEO Stone & McCarthy Research Associates, Hank Bitten, Former Supervisor of Social Studies and Economics at Indian Hills High School and now happily retired, Blake Gwinn, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Markets Group, Charles Steindel, Chief Economist for the State of New Jersey, student representative Victor Castaneda, and professors Julio Huato (St. -
The Conduct of Monetary Policy in the Face of Technological Change: Theory and Postwar U.S
BANCO DE MÉXICO 407 The Conduct of Monetary Policy in the Face of Technological Change: Theory and Postwar U.S. Evidence Jordi Gali* Abstract The present paper analyzes the implications of technological change for the design and conduct of monetary policy, using an optimizing sticky price model as a reference framework. I show how the optimal policy seeks to insulate the price level from the effects of changes in productivity. I provide some evidence that suggests that the Federal Reserve has responded to technological change in a way consistent with that rule in the Volcker-Greenspan era, but not during the pre-Volcker period. The second part of the paper discusses the conceptual difference between the notion of output gap arising in the new sticky price para- digm, and conventional measures of that variable. I also provide some evidence, based on postwar U.S. data, of the quantitative significance of that discrepancy. Finally, I perform a simple exercise to illustrate how a well intentioned monetary policy designed to stabilize inflation and the output gap could lead to unnecessary instability in both vari- ables if a conventional (but incorrect) measure of the output gap was used. ∗Prepared for the conference on Stabilization and Monetary Policy: the International Experience hosted by the Banco de México, November 14-15, 2000. Parts of the paper draw on past and ongoing work in collaboration with Mark Gertler, David Lopez- Salido, and Javier Valles They do not share responsibility for any errors or misinterpretation contained in the present paper. 408 STABILIZATION AND MONETARY POLICY I. Introduction A number of developments taking place in recent years have brought technological change to the forefront of the economic policy debate. -
Monetary Policy Rules in the Pre-Emu Era Is There a Common Rule?1
WORKING PAPER SERIES NO 659 / JULY 2006 MONETARY POLICY RULES IN THE PRE-EMU ERA IS THERE A COMMON RULE? ISSN 1561081-0 by Maria Eleftheriou, Dieter Gerdesmeier 9 771561 081005 and Barbara Roffia WORKING PAPER SERIES NO 659 / JULY 2006 MONETARY POLICY RULES IN THE PRE-EMU ERA IS THERE A COMMON RULE?1 by Maria Eleftheriou 2, Dieter Gerdesmeier and Barbara Roffia 3 In 2006 all ECB publications will feature This paper can be downloaded without charge from a motif taken http://www.ecb.int or from the Social Science Research Network from the €5 banknote. electronic library at http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=913334 1 The paper does not necessarily reflect views of either the European Central Bank or the European University Institute. 2 European University Institute, Economics Department, e-mail: [email protected]. Supervision and support by Professor Helmut Lütkepohl and Professor Michael J. Artis are gratefully acknowledged. 3 European Central Bank, Kaiserstrasse 29, 60311 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; fax: 0049-69-13445757; e-mail: [email protected] and e-mail: [email protected] Very useful comments by F. Smets and an anonymous referee are gratefully acknowledged. © European Central Bank, 2006 Address Kaiserstrasse 29 60311 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Postal address Postfach 16 03 19 60066 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Telephone +49 69 1344 0 Internet http://www.ecb.int Fax +49 69 1344 6000 Telex 411 144 ecb d All rights reserved. Any reproduction, publication and reprint in the form of a different publication, whether printed or produced electronically, in whole or in part, is permitted only with the explicit written authorisation of the ECB or the author(s). -
The Macro-Economics of Crypto-Currencies: Balancing Entrepreneurialism and Monetary Policy
ENTREPRENEURSHIP & POLICY WORKING PAPER SERIES The Macro-Economics of Crypto-Currencies: Balancing Entrepreneurialism and Monetary Policy Eli Noam In 2016, the Nasdaq Educational Foundation awarded the Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) a multi-year grant to support initiatives at the intersection of digital entrepreneurship and public policy. Over the past three years, SIPA has undertaken new research, introduced new pedagogy, launched student venture competitions, and convened policy forums that have engaged scholars across Columbia University as well as entrepreneurs and leaders from both the public and private sectors. New research has covered three broad areas: Cities & Innovation; Digital Innovation & Entrepreneurial Solutions; and Emerging Global Digital Policy. Specific topics have included global education technology; cryptocurrencies and the new technologies of money; the urban innovation environment, with a focus on New York City; government measures to support the digital economy in Brazil, Shenzhen, China, and India; and entrepreneurship focused on addressing misinformation. With special thanks to the Nasdaq Educational Foundation for its support of SIPA’s Entrepreneurship and Policy Initiative. Table of Contents Abstract . 1 1. Introduction . 2. 2. A History of Governmental and Private Moneys . 2 A. United States . 3 . B. Other Examples of Private Moneys . .4 . 3. The Emergence of Electronic Moneys . 5 A. Electronic Moneys . 5 B. Distributed Ledger Technology . 6. C. Blockchain Technology . 6 D. Cryptocurrencies. 8 E. An Illustration of a Bitcoin Transaction . 9 4. Advantages and Drawbacks of Crypto-Currencies . 10 A. Advantages . 10 B. Problems . 11 C. The Potential for Improvements . 15 5. The Impact of Cryptocurrencies on Macro-Economic Policy . -
It's All in the Mix: How Monetary and Fiscal Policies Can Work Or Fail
GENEVA REPORTS ON THE WORLD ECONOMY 23 Elga Bartsch, Agnès Bénassy-Quéré, Giancarlo Corsetti and Xavier Debrun IT’S ALL IN THE MIX HOW MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES CAN WORK OR FAIL TOGETHER ICMB INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR MONETARY AND BANKING STUDIES CIMB CENTRE INTERNATIONAL D’ETUDES MONETAIRES ET BANCAIRES IT’S ALL IN THE MIX HOW MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES CAN WORK OR FAIL TOGETHER Geneva Reports on the World Economy 23 INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR MONETARY AND BANKING STUDIES (ICMB) International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies 2, Chemin Eugène-Rigot 1202 Geneva Switzerland Tel: (41 22) 734 9548 Fax: (41 22) 733 3853 Web: www.icmb.ch © 2020 International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC POLICY RESEARCH Centre for Economic Policy Research 33 Great Sutton Street London EC1V 0DX UK Tel: +44 (20) 7183 8801 Fax: +44 (20) 7183 8820 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cepr.org ISBN: 978-1-912179-39-8 IT’S ALL IN THE MIX HOW MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES CAN WORK OR FAIL TOGETHER Geneva Reports on the World Economy 23 Elga Bartsch BlackRock Investment Institute Agnès Bénassy-Quéré University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics and CEPR Giancarlo Corsetti University of Cambridge and CEPR Xavier Debrun National Bank of Belgium and European Fiscal Board ICMB INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR MONETARY AND BANKING STUDIES CIMB CENTRE INTERNATIONAL D’ETUDES MONETAIRES ET BANCAIRES THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR MONETARY AND BANKING STUDIES (ICMB) The International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies (ICMB) was created in 1973 as an independent, non-profit foundation. -
Annual Performance Report 2019, June 2020
Annual Performance Report 2019 June 2020 B O A R D O F G O V E R N O R S O F T H E F E D E R A L R E S E R V E S YSTEM Annual Performance Report 2019 June 2020 B O A R D O F G O V E R N O R S O F T H E F E D E R A L R E S E R V E S YSTEM This and other Federal Reserve Board reports and publications are available online at https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/default.htm. To order copies of Federal Reserve Board publications offered in print, see the Board’s Publication Order Form (https://www.federalreserve.gov/files/orderform.pdf) or contact: Printing and Fulfillment Mail Stop K1-120 Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Washington, DC 20551 (ph) 202-452-3245 (fax) 202-728-5886 (email) [email protected] iii Preface Congress founded the Federal Reserve System accountable to the general public and the (System) in 1913 as the central bank of the United Congress. States. While established as an independent central • Integrity. The Board adheres to the highest stan- bank, it is subject to oversight by the Congress and dards of integrity in its dealings with the public, must work within the framework of the overall the U.S. government, the financial community, and objectives of economic and financial policy estab- its employees. lished by its enabling statutes. Over time, the Con- gress has expanded the Federal Reserve’s role in the • Excellence. -
Evaluating Financial Regulation: (Un)Intended Effects and New Risks
Evaluating financial regulation: (un)intended effects and new risks How do banks react to the new regulatory standards in the current macro-economic environment? Preliminary programme A joint virtual workshop by the Research Group of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Deutsche Bundesbank and the Centre for Economic Policy Research 20−21 April 2021 1/6 Tuesday 20 April All times are given in Central European Summer Time (CEST = GMT+2). 13:00 Opening remarks Alexander Schulz, Deutsche Bundesbank and Co-Chair of the Research Group 13.15 Session 1: Real effects of banking regulation and supervision Chair: Alexander Schulz, Deutsche Bundesbank and Co-Chair of the Research Group 13:15 Unearthing zombies Nirupama Kulkarni, CAFRAL (Reserve Bank of India) S K Ritadhi, Reserve Bank of India Siddharth Vij, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia Katherine Waldock, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University Discussant: Tim Eisert, Erasmus University Rotterdam and CEPR 13:55 Completing the European banking union: Capital cost consequences for credit providers and corporate borrowers Michael Koetter, Halle Institute for Economic Research and Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Thomas Krause, Halle Institute for Economic Research Eleonora Sfrappini, Halle Institute for Economic Research Lena Tonzer, Halle Institute for Economic Research and Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Discussant: Samuel Da Rocha Lopes, European Banking Authority 14.35 Break 14.50 Keynote speech Pablo Hernández de Cos Governor of the Bank of