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GE Magazine of Light 1947-1.Pdf i_ I I l I I THE MAGAZINE OF l, I ü ll'ln Vol. XVI 1947 No. I Publication date:.June 16, 1947 COVER ILLUSTRATION and the one above are night views of the new General Electric Lighting lnstitute with pool fountain in operation. Under- CONTENTS water colored lights creating interesting variations, are synchronized with the cycle of the fountain. 68 Years of Progress in Electric Lamps and Lighting 4-8 New Institute 9-16 Strn Deck 17 Color Scheme l8 Store Lighting 19-41 Offìce . 42-46 Industrial 47 I Lamp Gallery . 48-49 Auditorium 50 I Horizon House . 5l-74 School . 75-77 Point of Sale Room TB ll Germicidal 79 Quantity and Quality . 80-81 l Miniature 82 Automotive 83 Photographic 84 ]I Conference Room 85 I Street and Sports 86 Iìailway and Transit Systems 87 ]J Engineering Publications 88 Editor L. W. O'Brien Advertising Publications . Bq Ward Harrison Edito¡ial board Institute As a Training Center g0-g) JI W. H. Robinson, fr . Looking to the Future 94 Publisbed br tbe Lamþ Deþ¿¡ntent ol thc Generøl Elec¡ic Sound Slide Film 95 I,j Comþary at Nela ParL, Clewlz¡d, Ohìo in cbe ìnterest of tbe þrogress ol soød licbtìne þ¡¿ctice, Dìstrìbztìon tltroq|t Irloral Lamp Display Back Cover Gmeral Electric Lanþ Deþartnent Disrrìc, S¿hs Ofrces, Coþ!îigbt 1947 bt tbe Gene¡al Electr¡c Conþml J i tii I 68 YTABS OT PBOfrBT$$ IN T[TCTßIC TA[|P Sl-, ,, . ç â Vf/*- lár* 6/r, /*.7 /-u á ry m f t, ug. of great hopes, in which Thomas A. Edison was born and grew to manhood, provided an in- spiring environment for men with inventive genius. Edison's life, and his outstanding achievements in several fields of science, speak for this period. The possibility of an illuminant using electricity had been demon- strated with crude, short-lived "lamps" in laboratories before Edison's birth. Throughout his yor"rth experimenters kept trying new things. Francis B{ush, another Ohioan and Edison cþntemporary interested in electric lighting, pro- duced his arc lamp in ;1879. When Edison announced the fìrst t practical incandescent lamp in October, 1879, the success of the invention was assured because he was working at the same time on a complete electrical system. The lamp alone was, of course, the triumphant end result, but triumph was its .f linked with several other inventions inclucling the fìrst generating sta- tion. What Edison had done was to organize the science the pioneers { ' had accumulated into a system capable of using the phenomena F of electricity to serve the public. It f was not simply the gift of light, but light and power that was repre- .J r¡ sented by the fìrst practical incan- l¡ descent lamp. oJ a by Dean Cornutell þøintìng The invention came in Edison's I 32nd year. So swift was the devel- I LIGHTING THE FIRST practical incandescent lamp ¡a in Edison's opment of the vast electrical indus- ¡(Éì laboratory in Menlo Park, New )ersey, on October 21 , 1}i.g. try that well within the lifetime of I o.o-rrr. I ,f l^J +ù Í r îì, A,€ 'g %""f çc I no*-,on I &@ å/ dt r*"**--tf 7979 Edìson I9o'_GEM 1911-Dactile turg- 1912-Chemìcal 1913-Gas cørbon- løtnP latnþ tgts-Tøngstenfilament l)(S-Non-søg 4 stenfløment gettert flled Çhrisincøs tree wíre ]i ND TIfrIT'INfi 9*mA the inventor olcl instittttions were l recr'eated and new ones, previously unimagined, lvere born to carry on ll the promise and significance of the I clay. Today, althotrgh many excit- ing, awe-inspiring discoveries of science are in the public mind, the invention many people regard as l the greatest is the Edison lamp. In modern lighting there is some- thing that touches deep springs of human response and there is a l magic that is constantly new and inspiring. It is small wonder, there- fore, that extensive as is the amount l AERIAL VlElf of Nela Park, which was opened in 1913. ('^-. (. .- å.7./ z or' i*'io.W, - of knolvledge compiled to date was 1.8. The demand for electric lñ^ {. f) c¿-. about electric lamps and lighting, lamps put the emphasis for the next we are always making new begin- two decades upon the business of ., nlngs. supplying as many of the original The lamp of 1879 with an out- type carbon fìlament lamps as in- lJ o /.. - /*...t :l , ". put of 1.4 lumens per watt was creasing factory space could make. uro I'C' quickly improved, and in lB8l when The General Electric Company, the s the first installatior-rs of actual light- corporate entity called into exist- 7 71 .s ing systems rvere made the effìciency ence by the lamp clevelopment, itsell experienced a phenomenal growth. t .¡h /-n*t' Its worlç lvas the making not only of lamps but equipment the whole l¿t at-f, , for electrical system. Concurrent, too, t. l<'o rvas the birth and rise of schools < ONE OF THE EARLIEST orders for of engineering and technoiogy in co.- {-n' +a lamps. Dated Sept. 20, 1880, it is for which young men could be trained to carry on the great new work. J, carbon lamps to be used on the S. S. t-'.**L:i,t Soon after the turn of the cen- ;.-Þ Columbia. Edison's note at bottom tu¡y Dr. V/hitney of General Eiec- "These lamps to be made after states, tric discovered a method for metal- Ir big test and when convenient." lizing lìlaments that doubled rheir efüciency to 4 lumens per watt. Larnps with these fìlaments were knolvr.r as GEM lamps. This devel- I $ì ffi', I .9" kdåþ ? v 1919-Tiþless 1925-Insíde- 1925-Auto 2-flanent 1929 s-l 1932-Biþost 1932-Pboto- 1933 Mecbdnícal r933- Prefacrs (deþressible - - _l lamP frost beam) sunlamþ lanþ flood base for large larnþs base (aato) 5 " Ì: a 1919-LIGHTING d¿mon- 1921 -23 - NELA PARK INSTITUTE classes in lighting 1926- MINIATURE SïREET DISPLAy, a fascinatin str¿tion room built at Nela were first held in temporðry quarters in Nela garage and demonstration which is well remembered by the Park to show the importance on third floor of the lamp laboratory building. ln 1923 of people who visited the Nela Park Lishtins lnstitute of lighting in interior design. an enlarged lnstitute was opened in the advertising building. in its two locations between 192ó and Wo¡ld llar ll. ê G. E. lnstruments of opment recalled the thousands of experi- maine about the future needs of G-E's Measuremsnt a ments by Edison to pro<luce a satisfactory lamp interests produced a headquarters filament for his first lamp. An indica- institution that is a seat of learning as \l rtl tion of his ingenuity and willingness to well as the nerve center of a business. trust simple things lies in his success in When the first V/orld War had ended a ,e carbonizing cotton thread for early fìla- and the postwar expansion had started, ments. 'lhen the inspiration to try bam- "l-he University of Light" which Terry 1917 - Footcandle meter boo fìlaments was sLlggested by a series and Tremaine had built at; Nela Park of experiments beginning with fìbers in related its knowledge to theipublic need a a palm-leaf fan. with the teaching and dei¡nonstration service offered to industry pçople at the DUCTILE TUNGSTEN Institute. The same period also ushered in rnany advances in lamp-making proc- of 1934 vísìbìlìt1 neter Research directed by Dr. Coolidge esses. J'he efiìcient ductile tungsten lamp - proclucecl the dLrctile tungsten fila- G. E. of l9l I had been advanced another 40 ment which in l9ll put the electric lamp per cent in effìciency by the introduction at an eflìciency of 7.8 ìurnens per watt, of inert gas into the bulb. This develop- double the GEM lamp-.nrore than fìve ment made possible a higher operating times the fìrst lamp. temperature for fìlaments. lt also intro- A hint of the great fluorescent period duced the 1935 Lìgbtmeter ,"r,as the name of Langmuir to - to come Peter Cooper-l-lewitt's in- company of the great men who had con- vention the fìrst of the mercury vapor of tributecl to the advancement of science lamps in 1901. through work on electric lamps. Many fields of intensive specialization quickly developed in lighting. To learn TIPLESS what is basic to this field of knowledge 1937 - Br¡gbrness neter the General Electric Company began its l-he gas-fìlled lamp with coiled fila- lnstitute .Methocl of instruction 26 years ment dates from 1913. The next impor- ago at Nela Park. (See page 90.) tant developments chronologically were The idea of Nela Park itself was a con- the tipless lamp bf l9l9 ancl the inside- sequence of the expansion of lamp devel- frost lamp of 1925. These last two in- opment arising with the tungsten lamp ventions, while differing from others and the imagination of two men of genius previously mentioned in connection with in business organization. The correct effìciency, had vast importance. The lamp estimate of F. S. Terry and B. G. Tre- tip, created by early methods of exhaust- 1945 - Air sømþler Áù -¡ 4 @ (s¡ I ô/ ¡c¡j4-Higb þre* 1934-Lum- 1935-Lens etd 1937-Prcfocts 1t)37-Coiled-coil 1938-Fluorescent 1939-Germicidøl ture rnercøy ìline flasblìgàt fasblisht filament lømþ larnp st? _ 1929 - TyPICAL INSTITUTE ACTIVITy at Nela Park 1933 INSÏITUÏE TAKES OVER AN ENTIRE BUILD- 1938 - FLUORESCÊNT l was this meeting of the Sign Committee of the National lNG.
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