Dr. P. A. Khadke and Dr. P. B. Waghmare, International Journal Of

Dr. P. A. Khadke and Dr. P. B. Waghmare, International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.565, Volume 09 Issue 03, March 2019, Page 1-10 Centrality and Hierarchic of Urban Centers in Maharashtra State

Dr. P. A. Khadke1 and Dr. P. B. Waghmare2 1(Associate Professor and Research Guide, HOD of Geography, School Of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India) 2(Post -Doctor Scholar, School Of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India) Abstract: The term centrality is based on concept of central place of Christaller. Centrality is a measure of the functional capacity to serve the need of the peoples in surrounding area. The central place provides the exchange of central goods and services for surrounding area. Central place is permanent settlement where exchanges of services are provided. The determination of the central place is major problem in the worldwide. Christallers methods are satisfactory for the measurement of centrality. The urban centers are different of each other. The rank and hierarchy of urban centers is different. Hierarchy denotes the arrangement of urban centers in a series of these populations and providing of goods and services to the outside of the city. Hierarchy has denoted by using centrality index. Hierarchy will be arranged by descending or ascending orders. For determine the hierarchy of urban centers are used population size, central function or centrality values and size of their tributary areas are mostly used. The calculation of Class I, II and III urban center of Maharashtra during 1991, 2001 and 2011. In the state 162, 219 and 265 urban centers are in this class during the study periods. The total number of tertiary worker in the urban centers and total number of tertiary worker of the Maharashtra has considered for the calculation of centrality index. The centrality values and centrality ranks of each urban centre during 1991, 2001 and 2011. The Greater Mumbai having highest centrality index 24.89 is over 2489 times more than lowest centrality index of Shendurjana (0.01). A centrality value of Mumbai is 4.2 times greater than the second rank Pune city. First 10 urban center covers 64 percent centrality values and remain 254 cities are 36 percent. There are Greater Mumbai is one of the largest regional centers in Maharashtra. The centrality and hierarchy index of Greater Mumbai is 24.89 and 47.47 respectively. Keywords: Centrality, Hierarchic, Urban Centers, Central Place, Settlement.

I. INTRODUCTION Centrality The term centrality is based on concept of central place of Christaller. Centrality is a measure of the functional capacity to serve the need of the peoples in surrounding area. The term ‘central place’ is synonym of 'service centre. The central place provides the exchange of central goods and services for surrounding area. Central place is permanent settlement where exchanges of services are provided. The determination of the central place is major problem in the worldwide. Christallers methods are satisfactory for the measurement of centrality. Christaller has considered the number of telephone connection for the analysis of centrality in South Germany. This methods also criticized by different scholars in worldwide. They are suggested the centrality of center can be measure by using the goods and services of the region. Centrality can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively. The qualitatively centrality such as low and high centrality, and quantitatively is measured by centrality values. Centrality of the place can be measured in several ways by taking into account a single or two function or all important functions available for the urban center. Several geographers have measured the single function centrality index. The calculation of Class I, II and III urban center of Maharashtra during 1991, 2001 and 2011. In the state 162, 219 and 265 urban centers are in this class during the study periods. The total number of tertiary worker in the urban centers and total number of tertiary worker of the Maharashtra has considered for the calculation of centrality index. The centrality values and centrality ranks of each urban centre during 1991, 2001 and 2011. Hierarchy The urban centers are different of each other. The rank and hierarchy of urban centers is different. Hierarchy denotes the arrangement of urban centers in a series of these populations and providing of goods and services to the outside of the city. Hierarchy has denoted by using centrality index. Hierarchy will be arranged by descending or ascending orders. For determine the hierarchy of urban centers are used population size, central function or centrality values and size of their tributary areas are mostly used. The calculation of hierarchy depends on the centrality but the basic problem of the calculation of hierarchy index is that to http://indusedu.org Page 1

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Dr. P. A. Khadke and Dr. P. B. Waghmare, International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.565, Volume 09 Issue 03, March 2019, Page 1-10 determine the centrality. Various methods have been useing for the analysis of the hierarchy index of urban centers in worldwide. For the calculation of the functional hierarchy of the Class I, II and III urban center of Maharashtra. Centrality values of urban centers have been multiplied by the percentage of tertiary workers and it divided by total population of worker of same urban center. This total figure has reduced by the square root. This final figure of square root is considered as hierarchy index of the given urban center. Objectives 1) To study the centrality of urban centers in Maharashtra state. 2) To calculate the hierarchic of urban centers in Maharashtra state. Study Area The State of Maharashtra extends from 15˚ 45ꞌ to 20˚ 6' North Latitude and 70˚ 36' to 80˚ 54' East Longitude with Geographical area 3, 07,713 Sq. Km. It is bounded by Arabian Sea in the west, the State of Gujarat in the Northwest. Madhya Pradesh in the North, Chhattisgarh in the East, Andhra Pradesh in the Southwest, Karnataka in the South and Goa in the Southwest. Maharashtra occupies the western and central part of the country and has a long coastline stretching nearly 720 Km along the Arabian Sea. The state has 35 districts, Tahsils 355, census town are 279.

II. DATA BASE AND METHODOLOGY The present study is based on secondary data collected from census Reports of Government of India, census handbook (1991, 2001 and 2011), Socio-economic review of Maharashtra statistical abstract. The period from 1991 to 2011 is selected for the observation. The collected data has been processed and analysed by using different quantitative and statistical technique. The tabulated data has been presented by graphs and Maps. To measure the centrality and Hierarchy Index. The following formula used for the analysis of centrality index of Maharashtra. Centrality = Where T- Total number of tertiary worker of the urban center P- Total number of tertiary worker of the study area The following formula is applied for the calculation of hierarchy index of the urban center.

Hierarchy Index = Where C- Centrality values T - Total number of tertiary worker of the urban center W- Total number of worker of the study area

Fig. 1 http://indusedu.org Page 2

Centrality and Hierarchic of Urban Centers 2011 Centrality Values The centrality of the regional distribution of urban centers in 2011 is depicted in this graph 1 The Greater Mumbai having highest centrality index 24.89 is over 2489 times more than lowest centrality index of Shendurjana (0.01). A centrality value of Mumbai is 4.2 times greater than the second rank Pune city. First 10 urban center covers 64 percent centrality values and remain 254 cities are 36 percent. Centrality of Mumbai was decreased from 32.3 to 24.89. Pune stood their second rank constantly but its centrality values were decreased from 6.11 to 5.94. Pimpri Chinchwad, Kalyan Dombivli, Vasai-Virar, Navi Mumbai, Aurangabad, Solapur, Mira-Bhayandar, Bhiwandi Nizampur, Amravati, Ulhasnagar, Kolhapur and Sangli Miraj Kupwad replaced by Kalyan Dombivali, Pimpri Chinchwad, Aurangabad, Solapur, Navi Mumbai, Bhiwandi, Amravati, Mira Bhayandar, Ulhasnagar, Kolhapur, Sangli-Miraj Kupwad and Malegaon respectively. Centrality values of Vasai-Virar, Pimpri Chinchwad, Navi Mumbai, Mira-Bhayandar, Thane, Panvel, Badlapur, Ichalkaranji, Kirkee (CB), Palghar, Talegaon Dabhade, Lonavala, Dahanu and Dehu Road (CB) cites were increased with compare to 2001, while it were decreased at Pune, Parbhani, Kolhapur, Ulhasnagar, Aurangabad, Nagpur, Solapur, Bhiwandi Nizampur, Amravati, Kalyan-Dombivli, and Greater Mumbai. Table 1: Centrality and Hierarchic of Urban Centers - 2011 Sr. Sr. Urban Center C H RC RH RP Urban Center C H RC RH RP No. No. Greater 1 24.89 47.47 1 1 1 34 Beed 0.21 4.12 34 34 34 Mumbai 2 Pune 5.94 23.12 2 2 2 35 Gondiya 0.19 3.93 35 37 35 3 Nagpur 4.07 18.95 3 3 3 36 Satara 0.19 4 36 35 37 4 Thane 3.44 17.57 4 4 4 37 Barshi 0.17 3.71 37 38 36 Pimpri 5 3.33 17.29 5 5 5 38 Kirkee (CB) 0.17 3.94 38 36 57 Chinchwad 6 Nashik 2.52 14.75 6 6 6 39 Wardha 0.16 3.65 39 39 41 Kalyan- 7 2.33 14.53 7 7 7 40 Nandurbar 0.16 3.55 40 41 40 Dombivli Vasai-Virar 8 2.28 13.9 8 9 8 41 Kharghar 0.15 3.53 41 42 55 City 9 Navi Mumbai 2.23 14.09 9 8 10 42 Osmanabad 0.14 3.33 42 45 39 10 Aurangabad 1.77 12.28 10 10 9 43 Pune (CB) 0.14 3.63 43 40 64 11 Solapur 1.55 11.09 11 13 11 44 Pandharpur 0.14 3.34 44 44 44 Mira- 12 1.49 11.28 12 12 12 45 Hinganghat 0.14 3.13 45 56 43 Bhayandar Bhiwandi 13 1.43 11.34 13 11 13 46 Bhandara 0.13 3.31 46 46 49 Nizampur 14 Amravati 0.93 8.73 14 16 14 47 Shrirampur 0.13 3.23 47 52 52 15 Ulhasnagar 0.91 8.85 15 15 17 48 Ballarpur 0.13 3.29 48 47 51 16 Kolhapur 0.91 8.9 16 14 16 49 Udgir 0.13 3.2 49 54 42 Sangli Miraj 17 0.76 7.79 17 19 18 50 Khamgaon 0.13 3.21 50 53 47 Kupwad Nanded 18 0.75 7.8 18 18 15 51 Chalisgaon 0.13 3.12 51 58 45 Waghala 19 Malegaon 0.7 7.97 19 17 19 52 Palghar 0.13 3.27 52 48 66 20 Jalgaon 0.69 7.63 20 21 20 53 Parli 0.13 3.13 53 57 50 21 Akola 0.68 7.74 21 20 21 54 Kamptee 0.13 3.16 54 55 53 22 Ahmadnagar 0.56 6.75 22 24 24 55 Ratnagiri 0.12 3.35 55 43 60 23 Dhule 0.54 6.78 23 23 23 56 Khopoli 0.12 3.23 56 50 65 24 Latur 0.53 6.59 24 25 22 57 Manmad 0.12 3.1 57 59 56 25 Ichalkaranji 0.51 6.82 25 22 27 58 Achalpur 0.12 2.55 58 80 38 26 Chandrapur 0.48 6.37 26 27 25 59 Lonavala 0.12 3.26 59 49 83 27 Ambarnath 0.45 6.41 27 26 29 60 Amalner 0.11 2.68 60 71 46 Wadgaon 28 Jalna 0.42 5.84 28 28 28 61 0.11 3.23 61 51 73 Kolhati 29 Parbhani 0.4 5.58 29 29 26 62 Hingoli 0.11 2.88 62 62 54 30 Panvel 0.33 5.36 30 30 31 63 Sinnar 0.1 2.82 63 64 74 31 Badlapur 0.29 4.85 31 31 32 64 Sangamner 0.1 2.95 64 60 72

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32 Bhusawal 0.24 4.5 32 32 30 65 Ambejogai 0.1 2.8 65 66 61 Talegaon 33 Yavatmal 0.21 4.24 33 33 33 66 0.1 2.95 66 61 85 Dabhade Shirpur- Wadgaon 0.1 2.68 67 72 59 106 0.06 2.28 106 98 125 67 Warwade Road 68 Kopargaon 0.09 2.74 68 68 75 107 Warora 0.06 2.18 107 110 110 69 Washim 0.09 2.51 69 85 58 108 Deglur 0.06 2.06 108 118 88 70 Pusad 0.09 2.57 70 77 62 109 Tumsar 0.06 2.19 109 107 113 Dehu Road 71 0.09 2.84 71 63 103 110 Wanadongri 0.06 2.33 110 93 137 (CB) 72 Baramati 0.09 2.82 72 65 89 111 Khaira 0.06 2.32 111 95 173 73 Deolali (CB) 0.09 2.76 73 67 92 112 Kabnur 0.06 2.19 112 109 133 74 Wani 0.09 2.63 74 74 80 113 Satara 0.06 2.27 113 100 129 75 Basmath 0.09 2.54 75 83 67 114 Khoni 0.06 2.28 114 96 209 76 Wadi 0.09 2.74 76 69 91 115 Manjlegaon 0.06 1.99 115 125 100 77 Dahanu 0.09 2.65 77 73 97 116 Shirur 0.06 2.27 116 99 141 Dondaicha- 78 Buldana 0.09 2.58 78 75 70 117 0.06 2.02 117 121 108 Warwade 79 Karad 0.09 2.69 79 70 94 118 Sailu 0.06 1.99 118 126 107 80 Bhadravati 0.08 2.55 80 82 77 119 Wagholi 0.06 2.22 119 105 167 Ahmadnagar 81 Shahade 0.08 2.44 81 88 76 120 0.06 2.27 120 101 192 (CB) 82 Akot 0.08 1.95 82 134 48 121 Akluj 0.06 2.09 121 115 130 83 Jaysingpur 0.08 2.56 83 78 104 122 Vaijapur 0.06 2.02 122 122 123 Uran 84 0.08 2.26 84 102 71 123 Gangakhed 0.06 1.87 123 141 98 Islampur 85 Chiplun 0.08 2.56 85 79 87 124 Umarkhed 0.06 1.95 124 132 106 86 Beed (Rural) 0.08 2.51 86 84 84 125 Shegaon 0.06 1.64 125 175 78 87 Gadchiroli 0.08 2.35 87 91 90 126 Soyagaon 0.05 2.12 126 113 157 88 Phaltan 0.08 2.47 88 86 95 127 Uran 0.05 2.17 127 111 185 89 Karanja 0.08 2.21 89 106 68 128 Shirdi 0.05 2.06 128 119 152 90 Dyane 0.08 2.58 90 76 102 129 Wai 0.05 1.98 129 128 150 91 Malkapur 0.08 2.23 91 103 69 130 Mehkar 0.05 1.78 130 149 112 Ranjangaon 92 0.08 2.45 92 87 120 131 Kannad 0.05 1.9 131 137 126 (s) 93 Ozar 0.07 2.23 93 104 96 132 Arvi 0.05 1.73 132 157 121 94 Chakan 0.07 2.37 94 90 124 133 Jintur 0.05 1.89 133 139 117 95 Daund 0.07 2.33 95 94 101 134 Paithan 0.05 1.74 134 152 122 96 Chikhli 0.07 2.19 96 108 82 135 Mharal Bk 0.05 2.06 135 117 189 97 Chopda 0.07 1.95 97 133 63 136 Nawapur 0.05 1.9 136 138 159 98 Pachora 0.07 2.11 98 114 79 137 Katol 0.05 1.71 137 161 119 99 Digdoh 0.07 2.55 99 81 99 138 Rahuri 0.05 1.69 138 166 131 100 Yevla 0.07 2.28 100 97 132 139 Alandi 0.05 2 139 124 195 101 Boisar 0.07 2.4 101 89 148 140 Karjat 0.05 1.99 140 127 187 102 Sillod 0.07 2.12 102 112 81 141 Ghugus 0.05 1.97 141 130 169 103 Umred 0.06 1.97 103 131 93 142 Uchgaon 0.05 1.91 142 136 176

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104 Vita 0.06 2.07 104 116 105 143 Malkapur 0.05 1.93 143 135 174 Karanje tarf 105 Pen 0.06 2.34 105 92 135 144 0.05 2.02 144 123 191 Satara 145 Akkalkot 0.05 1.78 145 148 128 184 Ambad 0.04 1.57 184 187 175 146 Digras 0.05 1.67 146 172 114 185 Lohara 0.04 1.72 185 160 236 147 Satana 0.05 1.71 147 162 136 186 Indapur 0.04 1.69 186 167 213 148 Ahmadpur 0.05 1.68 148 169 118 187 Varangaon 0.04 1.45 187 206 155 149 Pulgaon 0.05 1.8 149 145 164 188 Sawantwadi 0.04 1.74 188 155 228 Hudkeshwar 150 Warud 0.05 1.48 150 202 111 189 0.04 1.72 189 158 223 bk. 151 Mahad 0.05 2.02 151 120 200 190 Nandgaon 0.04 1.7 190 164 230 152 Sasvad 0.04 1.71 152 163 172 191 Walwadi 0.04 1.6 191 180 188 153 Georai 0.04 1.74 153 156 166 192 Pathri 0.04 1.35 192 217 143 154 Savner 0.04 1.74 154 154 170 193 Nilanga 0.04 1.39 193 211 147 155 Jamner 0.04 1.51 155 198 109 194 Risod 0.04 1.37 194 216 160 Roha 156 Nildoh 0.04 1.98 156 129 255 195 0.03 1.79 195 147 256 Ashtami 157 Murtijapur 0.04 1.58 157 184 127 196 Mahadula 0.03 1.64 196 173 248 158 Kagal 0.04 1.69 158 168 161 197 Bhokar 0.03 1.38 197 215 168 Vadgaon 159 Tuljapur 0.04 1.7 159 165 163 198 0.03 1.51 198 199 212 Kasba 160 Nandura 0.04 1.51 160 197 138 199 Karmala 0.03 1.68 199 171 233 161 Parola 0.04 1.59 161 181 218 200 Ramtek 0.03 1.58 200 186 242 Rajgurunagar 162 0.04 1.84 162 144 162 201 Kalamb 0.03 1.55 201 191 211 (Khed) 163 Jamkhed 0.04 1.58 163 185 225 202 Kinwat 0.03 1.46 202 205 196 164 Kon 0.04 1.88 164 140 158 203 Dharangaon 0.03 1.25 203 229 156 165 Sangole 0.04 1.54 165 192 186 204 Ghoti Bk. 0.03 1.5 204 200 220 166 Rajura 0.04 1.74 166 153 151 205 Kandhar 0.03 1.68 205 170 115 167 Brahmapuri 0.04 1.47 167 204 116 206 Balapur 0.03 1.18 206 236 219 168 Alibag 0.04 1.85 168 142 257 207 Yawal 0.03 1.26 207 227 144 169 Gadhinglaj 0.04 1.79 169 146 203 208 Pathardi 0.03 1.4 208 209 202 170 Pandharkaoda 0.04 1.61 170 179 178 209 Morshi 0.03 1.21 209 232 139 Karad 171 Kodoli 0.04 1.77 171 150 208 210 0.03 1.58 210 182 260 (Rural) 172 Purna 0.04 1.62 172 177 146 211 Pipri 0.03 1.55 211 188 229 173 Dharmabad 0.04 1.41 173 207 165 212 Chandur 0.03 1.39 212 213 205 Deulgaon Kanhan 174 0.04 1.64 174 174 183 213 0.03 1.53 213 194 234 Raja (Pipri) 175 Ausa 0.04 1.53 175 195 149 214 Manwath 0.03 1.28 214 223 171 176 Tasgaon 0.04 1.39 176 214 134 215 Ghulewadi 0.03 1.55 215 189 243 177 Umarga 0.04 1.55 177 190 154 216 Desaiganj 0.03 1.29 216 221 194 178 Anjangaon 0.04 1.16 178 241 86 217 Ashta 0.03 1.11 217 244 142 Sindi Turf 179 Partur 0.04 1.5 179 201 153 218 0.03 1.58 218 183 254 Hindnagar 180 Igatpuri 0.04 1.62 180 178 181 219 Vashind 0.03 1.63 219 176 259 181 Godoli 0.04 1.84 181 143 237 220 Umarsara 0.03 1.54 220 193 246

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182 Pachgaon 0.04 1.75 182 151 240 221 Mul 0.03 1.34 221 218 214 183 Junnar 0.04 1.72 183 159 216 222 Mukhed 0.03 1.33 222 219 199 Deolali 223 Koregaon 0.03 1.4 223 208 222 244 0.03 0.95 244 256 180 Pravara 224 Korochi 0.03 1.52 224 196 261 245 Kurundvad 0.03 1.25 245 228 239 225 Kaij 0.03 1.28 225 222 184 246 Kalamnuri 0.03 1.22 246 231 221 Umri 226 Erandol 0.03 1.18 226 234 179 247 Pragane 0.03 1.27 247 226 263 Balapur 227 Bhadgaon 0.03 1.07 227 250 140 248 Ner 0.02 1.04 248 251 190 228 Sakri 0.03 1.4 228 210 245 249 Talode 0.02 1.02 249 252 207 229 Shrigonda 0.03 1.08 229 249 177 250 Lonar 0.02 1.1 250 246 232 230 Chandvad 0.03 1.25 230 230 215 251 Darwha 0.02 1.09 251 248 210 Rahta 231 Kurduvadi 0.03 1.47 231 203 238 252 0.02 1.11 252 245 241 Pimplas Dattapur 232 Mangrulpir 0.03 1.17 232 237 182 253 0.02 1.17 253 238 252 Dhamangaon 233 Hupari 0.03 1.09 233 247 193 254 Mhaswad 0.02 0.9 254 258 227 234 Faizpur 0.03 1.27 234 225 206 255 Savda 0.02 1.14 255 242 258 235 Waluj Bk. 0.03 1.39 235 212 264 256 Ghatanji 0.02 0.96 256 255 249 236 Loha 0.03 1.29 236 220 226 257 Mangalvedhe 0.02 0.98 257 254 244 237 Hadgaon 0.03 1.17 237 240 201 258 Pauni 0.02 0.87 258 259 235 238 Mudkhed 0.03 1.17 238 239 231 259 Dharur 0.02 0.93 259 257 262 Jalgaon 239 Gangapur 0.03 1.12 239 243 198 260 0.02 0.78 260 261 197 (Jamod) 240 Bhokardan 0.03 1.27 240 224 224 261 Telhara 0.02 0.82 261 260 253 Daryapur 241 0.03 0.99 241 253 145 262 Narkhed 0.01 0.64 262 262 250 Banosa 242 Raver 0.03 1.2 242 233 204 263 Patur 0.01 0.63 263 263 251 243 Tirora 0.03 1.18 243 235 217 264 Shendurjana 0.01 0.37 264 264 247 Source- Compiled by researcher based on Census of 2011 (C-Centrality, H- Hierarchy Index, RC- Rank by Centrality, RH-Rank by Hierarchy, RP- Rank by Population)

Fig 1

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Hierarchy Classes The hierarchy index of urban centers of Maharashtra has classified into following six classes (fig 2). Table 2: Hierarchic Order of Towns - 2011 Classes Centers Town Name Large 1 Regional Greater Mumbai (1) Center Regional 2 Pune, Nagpur, Thane, Pimpri Chinchwad (4) Centre Sub Regional Nashik, Kalyan-Dombivli, Navi Mumbai, Vasai Virar City, Aurangabad, Bhiwandi 3 Centre Nizampur, Mira-Bhayandar, Solapur, Kolhapur, Ulhasnagar, Amravati (11) Malegaon, Nanded Waghala, Sangli Miraj Kupwad, Akola, Jalgaon, Ichalkaranji, Large Market 4 Dhule, Ahmadnagar, Latur, Ambarnath, Chandrapur, Jalna, Parbhani, Panvel, Badlapur, Center Bhusawal, Yavatmal, Beed (18) Satara, Kirkee (CB), Gondiya, Barshi, Wardha, Pune (CB), Nandurbar, Kharghar, Ratnagiri, Pandharpur, Osmanabad, Bhandara, Ballarpur, Palghar, Lonavala, Khopoli, Wadgaon Kolhati, Shrirampur, Khamgaon, Udgir, Kamptee, Hinganghat, Parli, Chalisgaon, Manmad, Sangamner, Talegaon Dabhade, Hingoli, Dehu Road (CB), Sinnar, Baramati, Karad, Ambejogai, Deolali (CB), Kopargaon, Wadi, Amalner, Medium 5 Dahanu, Wani, Shirpur-Warwade, Buldana, Dyane, Pusad, Jaysingpur, Chiplun, Beed Market Center (Rural), Achalpur, Digdoh, Bhadravati, Basmath, Washim, Phaltan, Ranjangaon (s), Shahade, Boisar, Chakan, Gadchiroli, Pen, Wanadongri, Daund, Khaira, Khoni, Yevla, Wadgaon Road, Shirur, Satara, Malkapur, Ozar, Uran Islampur, Wagholi, Karanja, Tumsar, Vita, Chikhli, Kabnur, Warora, Uran, Sillod, Soyagaon, Pachora, Akluj, Mharal Bk, Deglur, Ahmadnagar (CB) (84) Shirdi, Mahad, Dondaicha-Warwade, Vaijapur, Karanje tarf Satara, Wai, Alandi, Manjlegaon, Sailu, Karjat, Nildoh, Ghugus, Umred, Malkapur, Akot, Chopda, Umarkhed, Uchgaon, Kannad, Nawapur, Jintur, Kon, Gangakhed, Alibag, Godoli, Rajgurunagar (Khed), Pulgaon, Gadhinglaj, Roha Ashtami, Akkalkot, Mehkar, Kodoli, Pachgaon, Paithan, Rajura, Savner, Sawantwadi, Georai, Arvi, Hudkeshwar bk., Junnar, Lohara, Katol, Satana, Sasvad, Nandgaon, Tuljapur, Rahuri, Indapur, Kagal, Ahmadpur, Kandhar, Karmala, Digras, Mahadula, Shegaon, Vashind, Purna, Igatpuri, Pandharkaoda, Walwadi, Parola, Karad (Rural), Sindi Turf Hindnagar, Murtijapur, Jamkhed, Ramtek, Ambad, Pipri, Deulgaon Raja, Ghulewadi, Umarga, Kalamb, Small Market 6 Sangole, Umarsara, Kanhan (Pipri), Ausa, Korochi, Nandura, Jamner, Vadgaon Kasba, Center Ghoti Bk., Partur, Warud, Kurduvadi, Brahmapuri, Kinwat, Varangaon, Dharmabad, Sakri, Koregaon, Pathardi, Nilanga, Waluj Bk., Chandur, Tasgaon, Bhokar, Risod, Pathri, Mul, Mukhed, Loha, Desaiganj, Kaij, Manwath, Faizpur, Umri Pragane, Bhokardan, Balapur, Yawal, Kurundvad, Dharangaon, Chandvad, Kalamnuri, Morshi, Raver, Erandol, Tirora, Balapur, Ashta, Mangrulpir, Dattapur, Dhamangaon, Mudkhed, Hadgaon, Anjangaon, Savda, Gangapur, Rahta Pimplas, Lonar, Hupari, Darwha, Shrigonda, Bhadgaon, Ner, Talode, Daryapur Banosa, Mangalvedhe, Ghatanji, Deolali Pravara, Dharur, Mhaswad, Pauni, Telhara, Jalgaon (Jamod), Narkhed, Patur, Shendurjana (146) Source- Compiled by researcher Large Regional Centers There are Greater Mumbai is one of the largest regional centers in Maharashtra. The centrality and hierarchy index of Greater Mumbai is 24.89 and 47.47 respectively. Greater Mumbai is constantly in this category form 1991. The hierarchy index of the Mumbai city is declining from 54.47 to 47.47 due to the development of other urban centers. Mumbai is state capital of Maharashtra. Greater Mumbai is the historical place and recently economic capital of India. It is headquarter of western naval division and Reserve Bank of India. Mumbai have universities, medical colleges, engineering, education and professional courses. It has regional offices of state and central government as well as private institute and organization. Maximum wholesale and retail trads concentrated in the city. It is the heart of the social, political and economic activities. Most of the peoples, they are engaged in tertiary services. It has a concentration of cotton textile, IT, wholesale and retail trades, share market, university and educational institute, IIT, large hospitals and headquarter of the western and central railway. Regional Centers There are four regional centers in Maharashtra viz. Pune, Nagpur, Thane and Pimpri Chinchwad. Hierarchy index of this center is 23.12 to 17.29. As comparde to the 2001 the hierarchy index of Pune and http://indusedu.org Page 7

Nagpur were shows declined trend. Thane and Pimpri Chinchwad have newly added in this census year in this category. Pune and Nagpur is the divisional head quarter and Thane is district headquarter and part of Mumbai urban agglomeration. Pimpri Chinchwad is industrial place and part of Pune urban agglomeration. All the four centers have Municipal Corporation. Pune and Nagpur have universities. Pune and Nagpur are historical places. Some regional offices of governments and private organizations are located in both places. Pune is the cultural and educational capital of Maharashtra while Nagpur is second capital of Maharashtra. Pune and Nagpur well connected to road, railway and airport services with other area. The population of Maharashtra and outside of it is depends on the regional centers. Sub Regional Centre There are eleven sub regional centers. In 1991 and 2001, there were 2 and 7 respectively. Out of this Nashik, Aurangabad and Amravati are divisional and district head quarter, Solapur and Kolhapur is district head quarter. The remaining Kalyan-Dombivli, Navi Mumbai, Vasai Virar, Bhiwandi Nizampur, Mira-Bhayandar and Ulhasnagar having Municipal Corporation and this center are part of the Greater Mumbai urban agglomeration. All centers have well connected with road and rail network with surrounding area. The hierarchy index of these places is between 14.75 to 8.73. Amravati, Kolhapur, Mira-Bhayandar, Pimpri Chinchwad, Solapur, Ulhasnagar and Vasai-Virar have newly introduced in this group due to the highest rate of urbanization. The influences of these centers are not limited to the district boundary but there commanded area is whole state. They also provided the services to the surrounding area. Nashik, Navi Mumbai, Aurangabad, Solapur, Kolhapur and Amravati have universities, great colleges, technical institute, medical facilities and largest market. The airport facilities are available at Kolhapur, Navi Mumbai, Aurangabad and Nashik.

Fig. 2 A, B and C http://indusedu.org Page 8

Large Market Center There are eighteen large market centers. The numbers of large market centers are continuously decreased from 1991 to 2011. It was 26, 25 and 18 during 1991, 2001 and 2011 respectively. Amravati, Bhusawal, Gondiya, Kolhapur, Mira Bhayandar, Nalasopara, Navghar-Manikpur, Solapur, Ulhasnagar and Vasai changed have their position and included in the sub regional centre, while Badlapur, Bhusawal and Panvel involved in this category. This group include twelve district headquarter viz. Nanded, Sangli, Akola, Jalgaon, Dhule, Ahmadnagar, Latur, Chandrapur, Jalna, Parbhani, Yavatmal and Beed, two municipal corporation Malegaon and Panvel, remaining four Ichalkaranji, Ambarnath, Badlapur, Bhusawal are municipal council and tahsil places. These all centers have large colleges, technical institutions and well-equipped hospitals, market centers, good daily newspaper. Nanded and Jalgaon cities have non-agriculture universities, whereas Akola and Parbhani cities have agriculture universities. All centers have connected with the facility of railway transportation. Nanded have as aerodromes facility. Panvel, Ambarnath and Badlapur are part of the Greater Mumbai urban agglomeration. All these centers are supported to the large population and provide greater urban services to them. Bhusawal is railway junction and Ichalkaranji is Textile Park. Medium Market Center The fifth-order service centers are eighty four in number. Eleven of them (Satara, Gondiya, Wardha, Ratnagiri, Nandurbar, Osmanabad, Bhandara, Hingoli, Buldana, Washim, Gadchiroli) are district headquarters, fourty eight are (Barshi, Pandharpur, Ballarpur, Palghar, Shrirampur, Udgir, Kamptee, Parli, Sinnar, Karad, Khamgaon, Hinganghat, Chalisgaon, Manmad, Sangamner, Baramati, Ambejogai, Wani, Kopargaon, Amalner, Shirpur-Warwade, Dahanu, Dyane, Pusad, Chiplun, Achalpur, Digdoh, Bhadravati, Basmath, Shahade, Boisar, Pen, Daund, Phaltan, Yevla, Shirur, Islampur, Vita, Uran, Karanja, Tumsar, Chikhli, Kabnur, Warora, Uran, Sillod, Soyagaon Pachora, Deglur) tahsil headquarters. Ahmadnagar (CB), Kirkee (CB), Pune (CB), Dehu Road (CB) and Deolali (CB) are military centers. The rest, viz Talegaon Dabhade, Kharghar, Lonavala, Khopoli, Wadgaon Kolhati, Wadi, Jaysingpur, Beed (Rural), Ranjangaon (s), Chakan, Wanadongri, Khaira, Khoni, Ozar, Wadgaon Road, Malkapur, Wagholi, Akluj and Mharal Bk have important market centers. Most of the urban centers have developed for the industrial and market purpose. This group does not confirm of any specific class, it is varied form Class I to Class V. This centers having college, educational institute, hospital facilities, cinemas, post offices, bus services, banks, ATM and large and small market centers. Some centers have railway stations. The numbers of medium market centers are continuously increased from 1991 to 2011. It was 47, 62 and 84 in 1991, 2001 and 2011 respectively. Akot, Badlapur, Chopda, Manjlegaon and Shrirampur exit this group, while Akluj, Beed (Rural), Boisar, Chakan, Deglur, Digdoh, Dyane, Gadchiroli, Gondiya, Kabnur, Khaira, Kharghar, Khoni, Mharal Bk, Ozar, Pachora, Pen, Ranjangaon (s), Satara, Shirur, Sillod, Sinnar, Soyagaon, Tumsar, Uran, Vita, Wadgaon Kolhati, Wadgaon Road, Wagholi and Wanadongri newly involve in this category. Small Market Center There are 146 urban centers which have been put in this category which include 117 are tahsil headquarter (Mahad, Dondaicha-Warwade, Vaijapur, Wai, Manjlegaon, Sailu, Karjat, Umred, Mul, Umarkhed, Chopda, Gangakhed, Kannad, Nawapur, Jintur, Alibag, Mehkar, Rajgurunagar (Khed), Pulgaon, Gadhinglaj, Roha Ashtami, Akkalkot, Paithan, Arvi, Rajura, Savner, Sawantwadi, Georai, Junnar, Akot, Lohara, Katol, Satana, Sasvad, Rahuri, Nandgaon, Tuljapur, Indapur, Kagal, Kandhar, Karmala, Digras, Deulgaon Raja, Shegaon, Igatpuri, Parola, Murtijapur, Ahmadpur, Ambad, Jamkhed, Ramtek, Umarga, Kalamb, Sangole, Umarsara, Kanhan (Pipri), Ausa, Korochi, Nandura, Loha, Jamner, Vadgaon Kasba, Partur, Warud, Brahmapuri, Kinwat, Varangaon, Pathardi, Dharmabad, Koregaon, Sakri, Nilanga, Chandur, Purna, Tasgaon, Bhokar, Risod, Kaij, Umri Pragane, Mukhed, Desaiganj, Manwath, Yawal, Bhokardan, Balapur, Erandol, Pathri, Kurundvad, Dharangaon, Chandvad, Morshi, Ner, Kalamnuri, Raver, Tirora, Savda, Balapur, Mangrulpir, Hadgaon, Anjangaon, Dattapur Dhamangaon, Mudkhed, Lonar, Gangapur, Darwha, Shrigonda, Talode, Bhadgaon, Daryapur Banosa, Narkhed, Pauni, Mangalvedhe, Ghatanji, Dharur, Patur, Telhara, Jalgaon (Jamod), Shendurjana). Remaining Nine towns are with are Muncipal council (Alandi, Pandharkaoda, Kurduvadi, Faizpur, Ashta, Rahta Pimplas, Deolali Pravara, Mhaswad), two with Nagar panchayat (Shirdi, Malkapur) and eighteen give (Karanje tarf Satara, Karanje tarf Satara, Nildoh, Ghugus, Uchgaon, Kon, Godoli, Kodoli, Pachgaon, Hudkeshwar bk., Mahadula, Vashind, Walwadi, Karad (Rural), Sindi Turf Hindnagar, Pipri, Ghulewadi, Ghoti Bk., Waluj Bk., Hupari) village panchayat. The towns of this category have spread over the whole state except hilly and dense forest area. The function of the most of the towns mainly depends on agro- based sector. The facilities in some towns are colleges, hospitals and railways station, post offices. Most of the village panchayat are associated with largest city. All centers of this category are important for the connecting of rural and urban peoples have provides services to their tributary area. The numbers of small market centers are continuously increased from 1991 to 2011. It was 84, 122 and 146 in 1991, 2001 and 2011 respectively. Chakan, Deglur, Dhyane, Digdoh, Gadchiroli, Ghkhivare, http://indusedu.org Page 9

Kabnur, Khoni, Ozar, Pachora, Pen, Shirur, Sillod, Sinnar, Soyagaon, Tumsar, Uran,ita and Wadgaon Road change their position from this category, while Akot, Alandi, Alibag, Bhadgaon, Bhokar, Bhokardan, Godoli, Chandvad, Chopda, Dharur, Ghatanji, Ghulewadi, Hudkeshwar bk., Jamner, Kaij, Karad (Rural), Kodoli, Kon, Koregaon, Korochi, Lohara, Mahadula, Malkapur, Manjlegaon, Mudkhed, Ner, Nildoh, Pachgaon, Pipri, Rahta Pimplas, Rajgurunagar (Khed), Roha Ashtami, Sakri, Satana, Savda, Sindi Turf Hindnagar,Telhara, Umri Pragane Balapur, Umarsara, Varangaon, Vashind, Waluj Bk and Walwadi were newly introduced.

CONCLUSIONS The calculation of Class I, II and III urban center of Maharashtra during 1991, 2001 and 2011. In the state 162, 219 and 265 urban centers are in this class during the study periods. The total number of tertiary worker in the urban centers and total number of tertiary worker of the Maharashtra has considered for the calculation of centrality index. The centrality values and centrality ranks of each urban centre during 1991, 2001 and 2011. The Greater Mumbai having highest centrality index 24.89 is over 2489 times more than lowest centrality index of Shendurjana (0.01). A centrality value of Mumbai is 4.2 times greater than the second rank Pune city. First 10 urban center covers 64 percent centrality values and remain 254 cities are 36 percent. There are Greater Mumbai is one of the largest regional centers in Maharashtra. The centrality and hierarchy index of Greater Mumbai is 24.89 and 47.47 respectively. There are four regional centers in Maharashtra viz. Pune, Nagpur, Thane and Pimpri Chinchwad. Hierarchy index of this center is 23.12 to 17.29. There are eleven sub regional centers. In 1991 and 2001, there were 2 and 7 respectively. There are eighteen large market centers. The numbers of large market centers are continuously decreased from 1991 to 2011. It was 26, 25 and 18 during 1991, 2001 and 2011 respectively. Medium Market Center, the fifth- order service centers are eighty four in number, Small Market Center there are 146 urban centers which have been put in this category Acknowledgement I acknowledge with gratitude to Indian council of Social Sciences, New Delhi, for financial support.

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