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Dr. P. A. Khadke and Dr. P. B. Waghmare, International Journal Of Dr. P. A. Khadke and Dr. P. B. Waghmare, International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.565, Volume 09 Issue 03, March 2019, Page 1-10 Centrality and Hierarchic of Urban Centers in Maharashtra State Dr. P. A. Khadke1 and Dr. P. B. Waghmare2 1(Associate Professor and Research Guide, HOD of Geography, School Of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India) 2(Post -Doctor Scholar, School Of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India) Abstract: The term centrality is based on concept of central place of Christaller. Centrality is a measure of the functional capacity to serve the need of the peoples in surrounding area. The central place provides the exchange of central goods and services for surrounding area. Central place is permanent settlement where exchanges of services are provided. The determination of the central place is major problem in the worldwide. Christallers methods are satisfactory for the measurement of centrality. The urban centers are different of each other. The rank and hierarchy of urban centers is different. Hierarchy denotes the arrangement of urban centers in a series of these populations and providing of goods and services to the outside of the city. Hierarchy has denoted by using centrality index. Hierarchy will be arranged by descending or ascending orders. For determine the hierarchy of urban centers are used population size, central function or centrality values and size of their tributary areas are mostly used. The calculation of Class I, II and III urban center of Maharashtra during 1991, 2001 and 2011. In the state 162, 219 and 265 urban centers are in this class during the study periods. The total number of tertiary worker in the urban centers and total number of tertiary worker of the Maharashtra has considered for the calculation of centrality index. The centrality values and centrality ranks of each urban centre during 1991, 2001 and 2011. The Greater Mumbai having highest centrality index 24.89 is over 2489 times more than lowest centrality index of Shendurjana (0.01). A centrality value of Mumbai is 4.2 times greater than the second rank Pune city. First 10 urban center covers 64 percent centrality values and remain 254 cities are 36 percent. There are Greater Mumbai is one of the largest regional centers in Maharashtra. The centrality and hierarchy index of Greater Mumbai is 24.89 and 47.47 respectively. Keywords: Centrality, Hierarchic, Urban Centers, Central Place, Settlement. I. INTRODUCTION Centrality The term centrality is based on concept of central place of Christaller. Centrality is a measure of the functional capacity to serve the need of the peoples in surrounding area. The term ‘central place’ is synonym of 'service centre. The central place provides the exchange of central goods and services for surrounding area. Central place is permanent settlement where exchanges of services are provided. The determination of the central place is major problem in the worldwide. Christallers methods are satisfactory for the measurement of centrality. Christaller has considered the number of telephone connection for the analysis of centrality in South Germany. This methods also criticized by different scholars in worldwide. They are suggested the centrality of center can be measure by using the goods and services of the region. Centrality can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively. The qualitatively centrality such as low and high centrality, and quantitatively is measured by centrality values. Centrality of the place can be measured in several ways by taking into account a single or two function or all important functions available for the urban center. Several geographers have measured the single function centrality index. The calculation of Class I, II and III urban center of Maharashtra during 1991, 2001 and 2011. In the state 162, 219 and 265 urban centers are in this class during the study periods. The total number of tertiary worker in the urban centers and total number of tertiary worker of the Maharashtra has considered for the calculation of centrality index. The centrality values and centrality ranks of each urban centre during 1991, 2001 and 2011. Hierarchy The urban centers are different of each other. The rank and hierarchy of urban centers is different. Hierarchy denotes the arrangement of urban centers in a series of these populations and providing of goods and services to the outside of the city. Hierarchy has denoted by using centrality index. Hierarchy will be arranged by descending or ascending orders. For determine the hierarchy of urban centers are used population size, central function or centrality values and size of their tributary areas are mostly used. The calculation of hierarchy depends on the centrality but the basic problem of the calculation of hierarchy index is that to http://indusedu.org Page 1 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Dr. P. A. Khadke and Dr. P. B. Waghmare, International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.565, Volume 09 Issue 03, March 2019, Page 1-10 determine the centrality. Various methods have been useing for the analysis of the hierarchy index of urban centers in worldwide. For the calculation of the functional hierarchy of the Class I, II and III urban center of Maharashtra. Centrality values of urban centers have been multiplied by the percentage of tertiary workers and it divided by total population of worker of same urban center. This total figure has reduced by the square root. This final figure of square root is considered as hierarchy index of the given urban center. Objectives 1) To study the centrality of urban centers in Maharashtra state. 2) To calculate the hierarchic of urban centers in Maharashtra state. Study Area The State of Maharashtra extends from 15˚ 45ꞌ to 20˚ 6' North Latitude and 70˚ 36' to 80˚ 54' East Longitude with Geographical area 3, 07,713 Sq. Km. It is bounded by Arabian Sea in the west, the State of Gujarat in the Northwest. Madhya Pradesh in the North, Chhattisgarh in the East, Andhra Pradesh in the Southwest, Karnataka in the South and Goa in the Southwest. Maharashtra occupies the western and central part of the country and has a long coastline stretching nearly 720 Km along the Arabian Sea. The state has 35 districts, Tahsils 355, census town are 279. II. DATA BASE AND METHODOLOGY The present study is based on secondary data collected from census Reports of Government of India, census handbook (1991, 2001 and 2011), Socio-economic review of Maharashtra statistical abstract. The period from 1991 to 2011 is selected for the observation. The collected data has been processed and analysed by using different quantitative and statistical technique. The tabulated data has been presented by graphs and Maps. To measure the centrality and Hierarchy Index. The following formula used for the analysis of centrality index of Maharashtra. Centrality = Where T- Total number of tertiary worker of the urban center P- Total number of tertiary worker of the study area The following formula is applied for the calculation of hierarchy index of the urban center. Hierarchy Index = Where C- Centrality values T - Total number of tertiary worker of the urban center W- Total number of worker of the study area Fig. 1 http://indusedu.org Page 2 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Dr. P. A. Khadke and Dr. P. B. Waghmare, International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.565, Volume 09 Issue 03, March 2019, Page 1-10 Centrality and Hierarchic of Urban Centers 2011 Centrality Values The centrality of the regional distribution of urban centers in 2011 is depicted in this graph 1 The Greater Mumbai having highest centrality index 24.89 is over 2489 times more than lowest centrality index of Shendurjana (0.01). A centrality value of Mumbai is 4.2 times greater than the second rank Pune city. First 10 urban center covers 64 percent centrality values and remain 254 cities are 36 percent. Centrality of Mumbai was decreased from 32.3 to 24.89. Pune stood their second rank constantly but its centrality values were decreased from 6.11 to 5.94. Pimpri Chinchwad, Kalyan Dombivli, Vasai-Virar, Navi Mumbai, Aurangabad, Solapur, Mira-Bhayandar, Bhiwandi Nizampur, Amravati, Ulhasnagar, Kolhapur and Sangli Miraj Kupwad replaced by Kalyan Dombivali, Pimpri Chinchwad, Aurangabad, Solapur, Navi Mumbai, Bhiwandi, Amravati, Mira Bhayandar, Ulhasnagar, Kolhapur, Sangli-Miraj Kupwad and Malegaon respectively. Centrality values of Vasai-Virar, Pimpri Chinchwad, Navi Mumbai, Mira-Bhayandar, Thane, Panvel, Badlapur, Ichalkaranji, Kirkee (CB), Palghar, Talegaon Dabhade, Lonavala, Dahanu and Dehu Road (CB) cites were increased with compare to 2001, while it were decreased at Pune, Parbhani, Kolhapur, Ulhasnagar, Aurangabad, Nagpur, Solapur, Bhiwandi Nizampur, Amravati, Kalyan-Dombivli, and Greater Mumbai. Table 1: Centrality and Hierarchic of Urban Centers - 2011 Sr. Sr. Urban Center C H RC RH RP Urban Center C H RC RH RP No. No. Greater 1 24.89 47.47 1 1 1 34 Beed 0.21 4.12 34 34 34 Mumbai 2 Pune 5.94 23.12 2 2 2 35 Gondiya 0.19 3.93 35 37 35 3 Nagpur 4.07 18.95 3 3 3 36 Satara 0.19 4 36 35 37 4 Thane 3.44 17.57 4 4 4 37 Barshi 0.17 3.71 37 38 36 Pimpri 5 3.33 17.29 5 5 5 38 Kirkee (CB) 0.17 3.94 38
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