Abbreviations

General

Ant. Josephus. Antiquities AO Tablets in the collections of the Musée du Louvre b. Babylonian Talmud BM Tablets in the collections of the E.T. English translation Kish Tablets from Kish in the collection of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford KJV King James Version LXX m. Mishna MT Masoretic Text ND Field numbers of tablets excavated at Nimrud (Kalhu) NEB New English Ni Tablets excavated at Nippur, in the collections of the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul NJPSV New Jewish Publication Society Version NRSV New Revised Standard Version PAM Palestine Archaeological Museum photograph number REB Revised English Bible (Revised NEB) t. Tosepta Tg. Targum VAT Tablets in the collections of the Staatliche Museen, Berlin y. Jerusalem Talmud

Reference Works

AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research AB Anchor Bible ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary ABL R. F. Harper. Assyrian and Babylonian Letters

xxxix

xl Abbreviations

AfO Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft Archiv für Orientforschung Beiheft AHw W. von Soden. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965–81 AJBI Annual of the Japanese Biblical Institute AJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures AJS Review Association for Jewish Studies Review ANET J. B. Pritchard (ed.). Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the . 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969 AnOr Analecta Orientalia ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AOS American Oriental Series ARM Archives royales de Mari ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch BA Biblical Archaeologist BaghMitt Baghdader Mitteilungen BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BHK R. Kittel (ed.). Biblia Hebraica BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Bib Biblica BibOr Biblica et Orientalia BibRev Bible Review BKAT Biblischer Kommentar: Altes Testament BM Beit Miqra BR Biblical Research BZAW Beiheft zur ZAW CAD A. L. Oppenheim et al. (eds.). The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956– CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBSC Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges CT Cuneiform Texts from the British Museum CTA A. Herdner. Corpus des tablettes en cunéiformes alphabétiques DJD Discoveries in the Judaean Desert EM E. L. Sukenik et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia Miqraåit (Encyclopaedia Biblica). 9 vols. Jerusalem: Bialik, 1950–88 EncJud Cecil Roth (ed.). Encyclopaedia Judaica. 16 vols. Jerusalem: Keter, 1972 spread run one pica long

Abbreviations xli

ERE Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics ErIsr Eretz-Israel ExpTim Expository Times FOTL Forms of the Old Testament Literature GKC E. Kautzsch (ed.) and A. E. Cowley (trans.). Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar. Corrected 2d ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1946 HALAT L. Koehler and W. Baumgartner et al. Hebräisches und aramäisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament. 4 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1967–90 HAR Hebrew Annual Review HAT Handbuch zum Alten Testament HBT Horizons in Biblical Theology HKAT Handkommentar zum Alten Testament HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HSS Harvard Semitic Studies HTR Harvard Theological Review HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual ICC International Critical Commentary IDB G. A. Buttrick (ed.). Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible. 4 vols. Nashville: Abingdon, 1962 IEJ Israel Exploration Journal IOS Israel Oriental Studies ISET S. N. Kramer et al., Sumerian Literary Tablets and Fragments in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul JA Journal asiatique JANES(CU) Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society (of Columbia University) JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JEOL Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap: Ex Oriente Lux JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages JPOS Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society JPS Torah Commentary Jewish Publication Society Torah Commentary JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series

xlii Abbreviations

JSS Journal of Semitic Studies JTS Journal of Theological Studies KAR Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts KAT Kommentar zum Alten Testament KHAT Kurzer Hand-Commentar zum Alten Testament KS Kirjath-Sepher LCL Loeb Classical Library Les Lesonénu LSJ H. G. Liddell and R. Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. Rev. H. S. Jones. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968 MAD Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary MIO Mitteilungen des Instituts für Orientforschung NCB New Century Bible NTS New Testament Studies OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis Or Orientalia OTL Old Testament Library OTS Oudtestamentische Studiën PAAJR Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research PAPS Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society PEFQS Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly RA Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale RB Revue biblique RevQ Revue de Qumran RHPR Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuses SAA State Archives of Assyria SANE Sources from the Ancient Near East SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series SRT E. Chiera. Sumerian Religious Texts STT O. R. Gurney and J. J. Finkelstein. The Sultantepe Tablets I. London: British Institute of Archaeology, 1957 TCL Textes cunéiformes du Louvre. Paris: Geuthner, 1910– TDNT G. Kittel and G. Friedrich (eds.). Theological Dictionary of the New Testament TDOT G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren (eds.). Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. 8 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990–97 THAT E. Jenni and C. Westermann (eds.). Theologisches Handwörterbuch zum Alten Testament. 2 vols. Munich: Kaiser / Zurich: Theologischer Verlag, 1971–76 TIM Texts in the Iraq Museum

Abbreviations xliii

TWAT G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren (eds.). Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament TZ Theologische Zeitschrift UET Ur Excavations, Texts UF Ugarit-Forschungen UT C. H. Gordon. Ugaritic Textbook. AnOr 38. Rome: Ponti˜cal Biblical Institute, 1965 VT Vetus Testamentum VTSup Vetus Testamentum Supplements WBC Word Biblical Commentary ZA Zeitschrift für Assyriologie ZAW Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ZDMG Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft ZDPV Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins

viii