Abbreviations

General AV Authorized Version (King James Version) BH Biblical Hebrew BM Bronze Moyen BR Bronze Récent CH Code of Hammurabi EA El-Amarna (tablet) JPSV Jewish Publication Society Version LXX Septuagint MAL Middle Assyrian Laws MT Masoretic Text NAB New American Bible NASB New American Standard Bible NEB New English Bible NIV New International Version NJPSV New Jewish Publication Society Version NKJV New King James Version NRSV New Revised Standard Version NT New Testament Pap. Papyrus REB Revised English Bible (Revised NEB) RS Ras Shamra RSV Revised Standard Version RV Revised Version TEV Today’s English Version (Good News Bible)

Museum Sigla A. Preliminary Louvre Museum sigla for Mari tablets AO Tablets in the collections of the Musée du Louvre BM Tablets in the collections of the British Museum K. Tablets in the Kouyunjik collection of the British Museum MFA Museum of Fine Arts, Boston NBC Nies Babylonian Collection, Yale University PAM Palestinian Archaeological Museum photograph number RS Field numbers of tablets excavated at Ras Shamra TLB Tabulae Cuneiformes a F. M. Th. de Liagre Böhl collectae YBC Tablets in the Babylonian Collection, Yale University Library

xxix

xxx Abbreviations

Reference works AAT Ägypten und Altes Testament AB Anchor Bible ABD The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by D. N. Freedman. 6 vols. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1992 AEM Archives épistolaires de Mari AfO Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft Archiv für Orientforschung Beiheft AHw W. von Soden. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965–81 AJP American Journal of Philology AJSL American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures AJS Review Association for Jewish Studies Review AKA E. A. W. Budge and L. W. King. The Annals of the Kings of Assyria. London: British Museum, 1902 AnBib Analecta Biblica ANEP The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament. 2d ed. Edited by J. B. Pritchard. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969 ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 3d ed. Edited by J. B. Pritchard. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969 ANETS Ancient Near Eastern Texts and Studies AnOr Analecta Orientalia ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament APOT The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament. Edited by R. H. Charles. Oxford: Clarendon, 1913 ARAB D. D. Luckenbill (ed.), Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia ARM Archives royales de Mari ArOr Archiv Orientální ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch ATR Anglican Theological Review BA Biblical Archaeologist BaM Baghdader Mitteilungen BARev Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BBET Beiträge zur biblischen Exegese und Theologie BBR Bulletin for Biblical Research BDB F. Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907 BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Bib Biblica BIFAO Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale BIN Babylonian Inscriptions in the Collection of J. B. Nies. New Haven: Yale University. BJS Brown Judaic Studies BK Bibel und Kirche

Abbreviations xxxi

BKAT Biblischer Kommentar: Altes Testament BO Bibliotheca Orientalis BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies BZ Biblische Zeitschrift BZAW Beihefte zur ZAW CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Edited by A. L. Oppenheim et al. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956– CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CG Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire ConBOT Coniectanea Biblica, Old Testament CRAIBL Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres CRRAI Compte rendu de la Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale CT Cuneiform Texts from the British Museum CTA A. Herdner. Corpus des tablettes en cunéiformes alphabétiques. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1963 DBSup Dictionnaire de la Bible, Supplément DJD Discoveries in the Judaean Desert EB Echter Bibel EncBib Encyclopaedia Biblica. Edited by E. L. Sukenik et al. 9 vols. Jerusalem: Bialik, 1950–88 EncJud Encyclopaedia Judaica. Edited by Cecil Roth. 16 vols. Jerusalem: Keter, 1972 ErIsr Eretz-Israel FOTL Forms of the Old Testament Literature GAG W. von Soden, Grundriss der akkadischen Grammatik GB [Wilhelm Gesenius and] Gotthelf Bergsträsser. Hebräische Grammatik. 29th ed. 2 vols. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1918–29. Reprinted, Hildesheim: Olms, 1962. HALAT L. Koehler and W. Baumgartner et al. Hebräisches und aramäisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament. 4 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1967–90 HAR Hebrew Annual Review HAT Handbuch zum Alten Testament HBD Harper’s Bible Dictionary. Edited by P. J. Achtemeier et al. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985 HR History of Religions HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HSS Harvard Semitic Studies HTR Harvard Theological Review HTS Harvard Theological Studies HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual IB Interpreter’s Bible ICC International Critical Commentary IDB Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible. Edited by G. A. Buttrick. 4 vols. Nashville: Abingdon, 1962 IDBSup IDB Supplementary Volume. Edited by K. Crim. Nashville: Abingdon, 1976 IEJ Israel Exploration Journal

xxxii Abbreviations

Int Interpretation IOS Israel Oriental Studies JAAR Journal of the American Academy of Religion JANES(CU) Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society (of Columbia University) JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JARCE Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology JESHO Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient JHNES Johns Hopkins Near Eastern Studies JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages JPS Torah Commentary Jewish Publication Society Torah Commentary JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JRelS Journal of Religious Studies JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series JSS Journal of Semitic Studies JTS Journal of Theological Studies KAT Kommentar zum Alten Testament KB Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek KHAT Kurzer Hand-Commentar zum Alten Testament KTU M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartín. Die Keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 24. Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker / Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1976 LÄ Lexikon der Ägyptologie. Edited by W. Helck and W. Westendorf. 7 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1975–89 LAPO Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient LCL Loeb Classical Library Les Lesonénu LSJ H. G. Liddell and R. Scott. Greek-English Lexicon. Revised by H. S. Jones. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968 MAL Middle Assyrian Laws MARI Mari: Annales de recherches interdisciplinaires MDAIK Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo Mém. de N.A.B.U. Mémoires de Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires MGWJ Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums MIFAO Mitteilungen des Instituts für Orientforschung MRS Mission de Ras Shamra MSL Materialien zum sumerischen Lexikon. Edited by B. Landsberger et al. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1937– MVN Materiali per il vocabulario neosumerico NCB New Century Bible NCC New Century Commentary

Abbreviations xxxiii

NICOT New International Commentary on the Old Testament NJBC The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. Edited by R. E. Brown et al. Englewood, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1989 OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis OBT Overtures to Biblical Theology OECT Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts OIP Oriental Institute Publications OLZ Orientalische Literaturzeitung Or Orientalia OTL Old Testament Library OTP The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. Edited by J. H. Charlesworth. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1983–85 OTS Oudtestamentische Studiën PDT A. Salonen et al. Die Puzris-Dagan Texte der Istanbuler Archäologischen Museen. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica PG Patrologia Graeca (ed. Migne) PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly QDAP Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine RA Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale RB Revue biblique RdÉ Revue d’Égyptologie REJ Revue des études juives RevQ Revue de Qumran RHR Revue de l’histoire des religions RlA Reallexikon der Assyriologie. Edited by E. Ebeling et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1932– RSF Rivista di Studi Fenici SBLDS SBL Dissertation Series SBLMS SBL Monograph Series SBTS Sources for Biblical and Theological Study SCM Bulletin La Société canadienne des études Mésopotamiennes: Bulletin ScrHier Scripta hierosolymitana SEL Studi epigrafici et linguistici Sem Semitica SET T. B. Jones and J. W. Snyder. Sumerian Economic Texts from the Third Ur Dynasty. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1961 SJLA Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity SJOT Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament StudOr Studia Orientalia SWBA Social World of Biblical Antiquity TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Edited by G. Kittel and G. Friedrich. 10 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1964–76 TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Edited by G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren. 8 vols–. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1990– THAT Theologisches Handwörterbuch zum Alten Testament. Edited by E. Jenni and C. Westermann. 2 vols. Munich: Kaiser / Zürich: Theologischer Verlag, 1971–76 Thompson Gilg. R. C. Thompson. The Epic of Gilgamish. Oxford: Clarendon, 1930

xxxiv Abbreviations

TLZ Theologische Literaturzeitung TRU L. Legrain. Le temps des rois d’Ur. Paris: Bibliothèque de l’École des Hautes Études, 1912 TWAT Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament. Edited by G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1973 TynBul Tyndale Bulletin UF Ugarit-Forschungen Urk. Urkunden des ägyptischen Altertums UT C. H. Gordon. Ugaritic Textbook. Analecta Orientalia 38. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1965 VAB Vorderasiatische Bibliothek VT Vetus Testamentum VTSup Vetus Testamentum Supplements Wb. A. Erman and H. Grapow. Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache. 5 vols. Leipzig: Akademie, 1926–31. Reprinted 1963 WBC Word Biblical Commentary WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes YNER Yale Near Eastern Researches ZA Zeitschrift für Assyriologie ZAH Zeitschrift für Althebräistik ZÄS Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde ZAW Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ZDPV Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins ZTK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche