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Aportaciones Al Desarrollo De Una Ingeniería De Contenidos Docentes

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Aportaciones Al Desarrollo De Una Ingeniería De Contenidos Docentes Programa de doctorado Sistemas Inteligentes y Aplicaciones Numéricas en Ingeniería Órgano responsable del programa de doctorado Instituto Universitario de Sistemas Inteligentes y Aplicaciones Numéricas en Ingeniería Aportaciones al desarrollo de una ingeniería de contenidos docentes Autora: María Dolores Afonso Suárez Director: Co-director: Cayetano Guerra Artal Francisco Mario Hernández Tejera Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, enero 2013 A mis tres amores A mi familia Agradecimientos Quiero dar las gracias a todos los que me han apoyado. A los que me han dado ánimos porque todas esas atenciones han sido para mí muy valiosas. En primer lugar a mi querido director de tesis, Cayetano Guerra Artal, por su empuje y a mi querido codirector Francisco Mario Hernández Tejera por su paciencia. A Jesús García por estar ahí. Y a José Antonio Medina y Gordon Sutcliffe por sus inestimables aportaciones de último momento. A los profesores de la Universidad de Vilnius que en todo momento me han mostrado su interés por el trabajo realizado. Finalmente y de forma muy especial, a todos los profesionales que han participado en los proyectos PROMETEO e IESCampus. A todos, gracias. Índice general Resumen ............................................................................................................................................... xix 1. Introducción ........................................................................................................................................ 1 La ingeniería ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Material docente. La importancia de los contenidos ........................................................................... 2 Propuesta metodológica ...................................................................................................................... 3 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Análisis previo .................................................................................................................................... 5 Estructura del documento .................................................................................................................... 5 2. Marco teórico ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Antecedentes ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 La enseñanza universitaria ............................................................................................................ 8 2.3 Espacio europeo de educación superior ...................................................................................... 11 2.4 Metodologías de ingeniería del software..................................................................................... 13 2.5 Metodologías orientadas a agentes .............................................................................................. 20 2.6 Metodologías ágiles..................................................................................................................... 21 2.7 Estándares de calidad .................................................................................................................. 24 2.8 Metodologías de producción e-learning ...................................................................................... 26 2.9 Metodologías de producción multimedia .................................................................................... 27 2.10 World Wide Web ...................................................................................................................... 29 2.11 Tecnologías e-Learning ............................................................................................................. 32 2.12 Herramientas web ...................................................................................................................... 36 3. Ingeniería de contenidos docentes ..................................................................................................... 43 3.1 Ingeniería ..................................................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Ingeniería de contenidos docentes ............................................................................................... 44 3.3 Organización del sistema ............................................................................................................ 44 3.4 Equipo de desarrollo.................................................................................................................... 46 3.5 Propuesta ..................................................................................................................................... 51 vii 3.5.1 Definición del proyecto ........................................................................................................................ 53 3.5.2 Planificación del proyecto ................................................................................................................... 55 3.5.3 Creación de material ........................................................................................................................... 56 3.5.4 Distribución ......................................................................................................................................... 59 4. Objetos de aprendizaje ...................................................................................................................... 63 4.1 Un poco de historia ..................................................................................................................... 63 4.2 Objetos de aprendizaje ................................................................................................................ 66 4.3 Metadatos .................................................................................................................................... 67 4.3.1 Metadatos para objetos de aprendizaje. LOM (Learning Object Metadata) ....................................... 68 4.4 Características de los objetos de aprendizaje .............................................................................. 71 4.4.1 Propuestas de diversos autores ........................................................................................................... 71 4.4.2 Accesibilidad y usabilidad ................................................................................................................... 73 4.5 Taxonomías ................................................................................................................................. 75 4.5.1 Taxonomía de Wiley ............................................................................................................................ 75 4.5.2 Taxonomía propuesta por ASTD ......................................................................................................... 76 4.5.3 Otras taxonomías ................................................................................................................................. 78 4.6 Competencias .............................................................................................................................. 83 4.6.1 Clasificación propuesta por Echevarría .............................................................................................. 84 4.6.2 Clasificación basada en la propuesta del EEES .................................................................................. 85 4.6.3 Competencias propuestas por U3ESCO ............................................................................................. 87 4.6.4 Incluyendo las competencias en LOM ................................................................................................. 87 4.7 Personalización de los procesos de aprendizaje .......................................................................... 89 4.7.1 Uso de técnicas de minería de datos.................................................................................................... 89 4.7.2 Privacidad de los datos ....................................................................................................................... 91 4.7.3 Sistemas expertos ................................................................................................................................. 92 4.7.4 Lógica difusa ....................................................................................................................................... 93 4.7.5 Constructor de rutas de aprendizaje.................................................................................................... 94 5. Proyectos ........................................................................................................................................... 99 5.1 Investigación ............................................................................................................................... 99 5.2 Proyecto PROMETEO .............................................................................................................. 100 5.2.1 Objetivos ...........................................................................................................................................
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