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Repräsentation Und Darstellung Der Indigenen Bevölkerung Des Kaiser Wilhelms-Landes Durch Dr. Otto Finsch

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Repräsentation Und Darstellung Der Indigenen Bevölkerung Des Kaiser Wilhelms-Landes Durch Dr. Otto Finsch Diplomarbeit Titel der Diplomarbeit Repräsentation und Darstellung der indigenen Bevölkerung des Kaiser Wilhelms-Landes durch Dr. Otto Finsch Verfasserin Miriam Reiter angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2010 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt A307 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt Kultur- und Sozialanthropologie Betreuer Ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Hermann Mückler 2 Danksagung Ich danke Ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Hermann Mückler für die Betreuung meiner Diplomarbeit und die Prüfungsabnahme. Auch dem Zweitprüfer Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Manfred Kremser gilt mein Dank. Weiter bedanke ich mich bei Mag. Ildiko Cazan und Hofrat Prof. Dr. Gabriele Weiß vom Mu- seum für Völkerkunde Wien. Im Archiv bei Mag. Cazan konnte ich mein Praktikum machen und sie gewährte mir Zugriff auf Dr. Otto Finschs Nachlass. Hofrat Prof. Dr. Weiß zeigte mir einige von Finschs Sammelobjekte, die im Besitz des Museums sind. Sehr dankbar bin ich auch Mag. Michaela Kempter und Mag. Saskia Lipburger, die mir wäh- rend des gesamten Studiums halfen mich im universitären Dschungel zurecht zu finden. Ebenfalls gebührt Milan Stankovic Dank, der mich auch in stressigen Zeiten ertragen und unterstützt hat. Am meisten möchte ich meinen Eltern danken, die mir das Studium ermöglicht haben. Sie haben mich stets unterstützt und ermutigt, meinen Interessen nachzugehen und das Studi- um nach diesem Kriterium auszuwählen. Insbesondere bin ich meinem Vater sehr dankbar, dass er sämtliche Seminararbeiten sowie die Diplomarbeit korrekturgelesen hat und dadurch Unklarheiten bereinigen half. 3 4 Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung ................................................................................................................................ 3 Einleitung .................................................................................................................................... 9 Thema und Fragestellung ................................................................................................... 9 Zugang ................................................................................................................................ 9 Ansatz ............................................................................................................................... 10 Aufbau der Arbeit ............................................................................................................. 11 Methode und Theorie .............................................................................................................. 12 Methodenwahl ..................................................................................................................... 12 Methodische Vorgehensweise ......................................................................................... 12 Dokumentenanalyse ........................................................................................................ 13 Diskursanalyse .................................................................................................................. 15 Gütekriterien .................................................................................................................... 16 Theorie ................................................................................................................................. 17 Repräsentation ................................................................................................................. 18 Der Koloniale Diskurs ....................................................................................................... 21 Die Südsee und ihre Kolonialgeschichte .................................................................................. 27 Zu Ozeanien .......................................................................................................................... 27 Teilregionen ...................................................................................................................... 28 Die Kolonialisierung Ozeaniens ........................................................................................ 30 Missionierungen ............................................................................................................... 32 Das Deutsche Reich als Kolonialmacht ................................................................................ 34 Die deutsche Südsee ........................................................................................................ 34 Die Lage im Deutschen Reich ........................................................................................... 36 Inbesitznahme .................................................................................................................. 38 Namensgebung ................................................................................................................ 41 Verwaltung und Verlust der Kolonien .............................................................................. 43 Otto Finsch ............................................................................................................................... 47 Biographische Daten ........................................................................................................ 47 Seine Werke zur Südsee ................................................................................................... 48 Seine Südseereisen und deren Ergebnisse....................................................................... 50 Zur Forschungsarbeit ........................................................................................................ 57 5 Kaiser Wilhelms-Land ............................................................................................................... 59 Geschichte und Entdeckung nach Finsch ......................................................................... 59 Forschungen zu Kaiser Wilhelms-Land ............................................................................. 60 Ethnologische Erfahrungen .................................................................................................. 61 Anthropologische Kenntnisse .......................................................................................... 61 Ethnologische Kenntnisse ................................................................................................ 64 Ethnologische Einteilung .................................................................................................. 97 Beschreibungen .................................................................................................................... 98 Analyse ................................................................................................................................... 111 Dokumentenanalyse und Gütekriterien............................................................................. 111 Diskursanalyse .................................................................................................................... 115 Eindruck der Eingeborenen nach Finschs Lektüre ......................................................... 115 Subjekte des Textes, deren Rechte und Verantwortlichkeiten ..................................... 120 Subjektpositionen .......................................................................................................... 122 Darstellung der Beziehungen in Finschs Werken ........................................................... 125 Darstellungsstrategien und Kritik daran ............................................................................ 127 Werke im Vergleich ........................................................................................................ 127 Widersprüche, Ambivalenzen, Stereotypen & Co ......................................................... 128 Machtbeziehungen ......................................................................................................... 133 Rechtfertigung ................................................................................................................ 137 Aufwertung der Arbeiten ............................................................................................... 138 Folgerung ................................................................................................................................ 141 Problematik und Relevanz.............................................................................................. 141 Abschließende Worte ..................................................................................................... 145 Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................................................................ 149 Internetquellen .............................................................................................................. 151 Abbildungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................................ 153 Abbildungsnachweis ....................................................................................................... 154 Anhang ................................................................................................................................... 157 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 157 Fragestellung .................................................................................................................. 157 Methodischer
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