DOCSLIB.ORG

University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF ADAPTATIONS IN HETEROMYID RODENTS IN BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Roth, Edward Lee, 1944- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 00:15:38 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289490 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Soma pages' may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St. John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 77-6047 ROTH, Edward Lee, 1944- EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF ADAPTATIONS IN HETEROMYTD RODENTS IN BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO. The University o£ Arizona, Ph.D., 1976 Zoology Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF ADAPTATIONS IN HETEROMYID RODENTS IN BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO by Edward Lee Roth A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN ZOOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 6 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Edward Lee Roth entitled Evolutionary Significance of Adaptations In Heteromyld Rodents In Baja California, Mexico be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ' lit Lwv- I £ a-u-Cj /r( Dissertation Director Date As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read this dissertation and agree that it may be presented for final defense. 'C~ /h<cj )f7{ ft /? 7 (, a J? /^7C /V /?7L Lui 'Ms^JLjJa^, /L-J. A- /?76 Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense thereof at the final oral examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial ful­ fillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allow­ able without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manu­ script in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr. E. Lendell Cockrum for his help­ ful advice and many hours of discussion throughout my graduate work at The University of Arizona. I am especially grateful for his assistance with the manuscript. I also thank Dr. Stephen M. Russell, Dr. Robert B. Chiasson, Dr. Charles Mason and Dr. Willard Van Asdall for reading the manuscript and offering many helpful suggestions. During the course of this investigation I came in contact with many citizens of the Republic of Mexico. In all cases they were most courteous and helpful. To these many people I extend a very sincere thanks. For allowing me to examine specimens in their care I would like to thank the following persons and their institu­ tions: Dr. Sydney Anderson, American Museum of Natural History; Dr. Charles 0. Handley and Dr. Don E. Wilson, U. S. National Museum; Dr. Emmet T. Hooper, University of Michigan Dr. Robert Hoffman, University of Kansas; and Dr. Joseph t Jehl, San Diego Society of Natural History. I would also like to thank Mario Luis Cossio, Direccion General de la Fauna Silvestre, for providing the necessary permits for collecting in the Republic of Mexico. iii iv Special appreciation is extended to Yar Petryszyn for his help and companionship during the many weeks spent in Baja California. His assistance was invaluable. This research was supported in part by a grant from the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund of the American Museum of Natural History. Without this support the necessary travel to museums would have been difficult. Finally, I am especially grateful to my wife, Beth, for her support and encouragement throughout this study and for her valuable assistance in recording the data taken from hundreds of specimens. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vii ABSTRACT viii INTRODUCTION 1 METHODS AND MATERIALS . 4 DESCRIPTION OF BAJA CALIFORNIA AND ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES 6 Lower Colorado Valley 8 Central Gulf Coast 11 Magdalena Province 12 Vizcaino Province 13 San Pedro Martir Province 14 Giganta-Laguna Province 14 Perognathus arenarius Merriam 18 Perognathus baileyi Merriam 22 Perognathus spinatus Merriam 27 Perognathus formosus Merriam 31 Perognathus fallax "Merriam 35 Dipodomys merriami Mearns 38 Dipodomys" peninsularis (Merriam) 42 Dipodomyi" agilis Gambel 46 ANCESTRAL HETEROMYID MORPHOLOGY AND HABITATS ..... 50 DISCUSSION 53 CONCLUSIONS 70 APPENDIX A: SKIN AND SKULL MEASUREMENTS FOR SPECIMENS USED IN THIS STUDY 72 REFERENCES CITED 78 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Summary of some characteristics of the six phytogeographical provinces described in text . 10 2. Selected measurements and indices for Perognathus arenarius 21 3. Selected measurements and indices for Perognathus baileyi 25 4. Selected measurements and indices for Perognathus spinatus 30 5. Selected measurements and indices for Perognathus formosus 34 6. Selected measurements and indices for Perognathus fallax 37 7. Selected measurements and indices for Dipodomys merriami 41 8. Selected measurements and indices for Dipodomys peninsularis 45 9. Selected measurements and indices for Dipodomys agilis 48 10. Number of individuals and biomass of rodents for two localities in Baja California, Mexico . 59 11. Species diversity of heteromyid and cricetid rodents for selected areas in North America . 62 12. Average number of species of heteromyidae and cricetidae present in the non-desert and desert areas listed in Table 11 63 13. Relative specialization of Perognathus and Dipodomys from Baja California, Mexico .... 68 vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Map of Baja California, Mexico 9 2. Map showing the distribution of Perognathus arenarius in Baja California 19 3. Map showing the distribution of Perognathus baileyi in Baja California 24 4. Map showing the distribution of Perognathus spinatus in Baja California 28 5. Map showing the distribution of Perognathus formosus in Baja California 32 6. Map showing the distribution of Perognathus fall ax in Baja California 36 7. Map showing the distribution of Dipodomys merriami in Baja California 39 8. Map showing the distribution of Dipodomys peninsularis in Baja California 43 9. Map showing the distribution of Dipodomys agilis in Baja California 47 \ vii ABSTRACT Rodents of the family heteromyidae primarily inhabit arid and semi-arid regions in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. In the past, evolutionary relation­ ships within this family have been based on specializations of the auditory and locomotor systems. These specializations were thought to have arisen as a response to increased desertification during the Miocene and Pliocene which pro­ duced a more arid climate and a more sparse, open vegetation. Examinations of those features of the auditory and i locomotor systems thought to be adaptive in nature and thus to have evolutionary implications are presented for five species of Perognathus and three species of Dipodomys occur­ ring in Baja California, Mexico. Morphological features for 1296 specimens from 118 localities are quantified and com­ pared with the various degrees of desertification found in Baja California. In Baja California where there is an increase in openness of 20 to 30 percent, a greater development of the morphological specialization of the auditory bullae, hind feet, and tail is seen in heteromyid population. Further increase in openness (to 88 percent or more) does not necessarily result in additional specialization.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Systematics of Spiny Pocket Mice (Subfamily Heteromyinae) Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Sequence Data
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2009-04-17 Molecular Systematics of Spiny Pocket Mice (Subfamily Heteromyinae) Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Sequence Data Melina Crystal Williamson Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Williamson, Melina Crystal, "Molecular Systematics of Spiny Pocket Mice (Subfamily Heteromyinae) Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Sequence Data" (2009). Theses and Dissertations. 1718. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1718 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF SPINY POCKET MICE (SUBFAMILY HETEROMYINAE) INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR SEQUENCE DATA by Melina C. Williamson A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Biology Brigham Young University August 2009 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Melina C. Williamson This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. Date Duke S. Rogers, Chair Date Leigh A. Johnson Date Jack W. Sites, Jr. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY As chair of the candidate’s graduate committee, I have read the thesis of Melina C. Williamson in its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Bei'eromyid Rodents As Pests of Commercial Jojoba
    NATIVE BEI'EROMYID RODENTS AS PESTS OF COMMERCIAL JOJOBA REX 0. BAKER, Department of Plant and Soil Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768. ABSTRACT: After crop losses of 5 to 60% were noted on two 500-acre Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) plantin~ in a desert area of southern California, a study was conducted to identify the animals responsible. Various population census and pest­ identilication techniques were utilized. Four native rodents of the Heteromyid family, not previously known to be pests of Jojoba, were found to be present in sufficiently high numbers to cause severe economic crop loss. The Bailey's pocket mouse (Perognathus baileyi) was the only rodent previously known to survive on Jojoba beans as a food source. A natural chemical, cyanogenic glucoside, was thought to be the plant protective material responsible for previous failure of rodents to survive on Jojoba in field and laboratory studies. Most of the rodent species found in this investigation were also observed in the laboratory and survived on a ration consisting almost entirely of Jojoba beans for 6 to 10 months. The ability of these rodents to survive on Jojoba beans suggests the possible co-evolutionary development of detoxification mechanisms. Cultural and population reduction practices were recommended and implemented following this study resulting in greatly reduced crop losses. Proc. 14th Vcrtcbr. Pest Conr. (LR. Davis and R.E. Marsh, Eds.) Published at Univ. of Calif., Davis. 1990. INTRODUCTION the build-up of rodents in the plantations. When prices for The purpose of this study was to determine which native Jojoba seed products rebounded in 1988, growers prepared animals were responsible for losses of from 5 to 60% of the to harvest Jojoba fields that had not been totally abandoned.
    [Show full text]
  • Heteromys Gaumeri Cheryl A
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska State Museum 10-26-1989 Heteromys gaumeri Cheryl A. Schmidt Angelo State University Mark D. Engstrom Royal Ontario Museum Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy Part of the Zoology Commons Schmidt, Cheryl A.; Engstrom, Mark D.; and Genoways, Hugh H., "Heteromys gaumeri" (1989). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 96. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/96 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MAMMALIANSPECIES No. 345, pp. 1-4, 4 figs. Heteromys gaumeri. By Cheryl A. Schmidt, Mark D. Engstrom, and Hugh H. Genovays Published 26 October 1989 by The American Society of Mammalogists Heteromys Desmarest, 18 17 pale-ochraceous lateral line often is present in H. desmarestianus, but seldom extends onto cheeks and ankles); having a relatively well- Heteromys Desmarest, 1817: 181. Type species Mus anomalus haired tail with a conspicuous terminal tuft (the tail in H. desma- Thompson, 1815. restianus is sparsely haired, without a conspicuous terminal tuft); CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Rodentia, Suborder and in having a baculum with a relatively narrow shaft (Engstrom Sciurognathi (Carleton, 1984), Infraorder Myomorpha, Superfamily et al., 1987; Genoways, 1973; Goldman, 1911). H. gaumeri has Geomyoidea, Family Heteromyidae, Subfamily Heteromyinae.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammal Diversity Before the Construction of a Hydroelectric Power Dam in Southern Mexico
    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 42.1 (2019) 99 Mammal diversity before the construction of a hydroelectric power dam in southern Mexico M. Briones–Salas, M. C. Lavariega, I. Lira–Torres† Briones–Salas, M., Lavariega, M. C., Lira–Torres†, I., 2018. Mammal diversity before the construction of a hydroelectric power dam in southern Mexico. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 42.1: 99–112, Doi: https:// doi.org/10.32800/abc.2019.42.0099 Abstract Mammal diversity before the construction of a hydroelectric power dam in southern Mexico. Hydroelectric power is a widely used source of energy in tropical regions but the impact on biodiversity and the environment is significant. In the Río Verde basin, southwestern of Oaxaca, Mexico, a project to build a hydroelectric dam is a potential threat to biodiversity. The aim of this work was to determine the parameters of mammals in the main types of vegetation in the Río Verde basin. We studied richness, relative abundances, and diversity of the community in general and among groups (bats, small mammals and medium and large–sized mammals). In the temperate forests, small mammals were the most diverse while medium–sized mammals and large mammals were the most diverse in land transformed by humans. As the Río Verde basin shelters 15 % of the land mammal species of Mexico, if the hydroelectric power dam is constructed, mitigation measures should include rescue programs, protection of the nearby similar forests, and population monitoring, particularly for endangered species (20 %) and endemic species (14 %). In a future scenario, whether the dam is constructed or not, management measures will be necessary to increase forest protection, vegetation corridors and corridors within the agricultural matrix in order to conserve the current high mammal diversity in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Life History Account for Spiny Pocket Mouse
    California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group SPINY POCKET MOUSE Chaetodipus spinatus Family: HETEROMYIDAE Order: RODENTIA Class: MAMMALIA M096 Written by: P. Brylski Reviewed by: H. Shellhammer Edited by: R. Duke DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SEASONALITY Two forms occur in California. C. s. rufescens occurs in rough terrain and narrow washes in hills south from Palm Springs to the border of Mexico (Riverside and San Diego cos.). C. s. spinatus inhabits the southeastern corner of the state on rocky slopes vegetated by desert scrub (Grinnell 1933), from Needles south along the Colorado River Valley to the border of Mexico. Few reports of this species can be found. It seems to prefer sparsely covered desert scrub habitats on stony soils and rocky washes. The elevational range is from 45-900 m (150-3000 ft). SPECIFIC HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Feeding: Seeds of forbs, grasses, and shrubs are collected from rocky slopes. Cover: Burrows are dug, probably at the bases of shrubs. Reproduction: Young are born in burrow chambers, probably in nests of dried grasses. Water: Water is obtained metabolically from seeds and green vegetation. Pattern: Frequents desert scrub on rocky mesas, hills, and desert washes. SPECIES LIFE HISTORY Activity Patterns: No data found. Probably active year-round. Nocturnal. Seasonal Movements/Migration: None. Home Range: No data found. Territory: No data found. Reproduction: Litters of 4-6 probably are born from April to June. Gestation is 3-4 wk, and recently weaned young may breed. Niche: Predators include owls, coyotes, badgers, and snakes. Competitors for food resources include other desert rodents and ants.
    [Show full text]
  • Liomys Salvini
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum Museum, University of Nebraska State January 1978 Liomys salvini Catherine H. Carter Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy Part of the Zoology Commons Carter, Catherine H. and Genoways, Hugh H., "Liomys salvini" (1978). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 88. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/88 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MAMMALIANSPECIES No. 84. pp. 1-5. 6 figs. L~O~YSsalvini. By Catherine H. Carter and Hugh H. Genoways Published 6 January 1978 by The American Society of Mammalogists Liomys salvini (Thomas, 1893) interparietal width, 8.6 + 0.17 (7.9 to 10.0) 28, 8.8 + 0.22 (8.0 to 10.0) 19; interparietal length, 3.8 + 0.13 (3.1 to 4.4) 29, 3.8 + Salvin's Spiny Pocket Mouse 0.14 (3.2 to 4.5) 19. External and cranial measurements (statistics in the same order as above) of southern populations from central Heterom,~ salztnl Thomas, 1893:331. Type locality Duerias, Nicaragua are as follows (males followed by females): total length, Guatemala. 229.2 + 4.31 (213.0 to 253.0) 26, 218.7 + 5.54 (196.0 to 248.0) Liomys crispus Merriam, 1902:49.
    [Show full text]
  • Basal Clades and Molecular Systematics of Heteromyid Rodents
    Journal of Mammalogy, 88(5):1129–1145, 2007 BASAL CLADES AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF HETEROMYID RODENTS JOHN C. HAFNER,* JESSICA E. LIGHT,DAVID J. HAFNER,MARK S. HAFNER,EMILY REDDINGTON, DUKE S. ROGERS, AND BRETT R. RIDDLE Moore Laboratory of Zoology and Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA (JCH, ER) Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA (JEL, MSH) New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA (DJH) Department of Integrative Biology and M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (DSR) Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Aridlands Biodiversity Research and Education, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA (BRR) Present address of JEL: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA The New World rodent family Heteromyidae shows a marvelous array of ecomorphological types, from bipedal, arid-adapted forms to scansorial, tropical-adapted forms. Although recent studies have resolved most of the phylogenetic relationships among heteromyids at the shallower taxonomic levels, fundamental questions at the deeper taxonomic levels remain unresolved. This study relies on DNA sequence information from 3 relatively slowly evolving mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 12S, and 16S, to examine basal patterns of phylogenesis in the Heteromyidae. Because slowly evolving mitochondrial genes evolve and coalesce more rapidly than most nuclear genes, they may be superior to nuclear genes for resolving short, basal branches. Our molecular data (2,381 base pairs for the 3-gene data set) affirm the monophyly of the family and resolve the major basal clades in the family.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Multispecies, Long-Term Monitoring Programs for ☆ Resource Management
    Rangeland Ecology & Management 72 (2019) 168–181 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Rangeland Ecology & Management journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/rama Development of Multispecies, Long-Term Monitoring Programs for ☆ Resource Management Jeremy A. Baumgardt a,⁎, Michael L. Morrison b, Leonard A. Brennan c, Brian L. Pierce a, Tyler A. Campbell d a Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute, College Station, TX 77843, USA b Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA c Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA d East Foundation, San Antonio, TX 78216, USA article info abstract Article history: There is growing interest among resource managers in implementing long-term wildlife monitoring. The process Received 9 June 2017 to develop such a program may seem daunting, however, because it requires determining the species, metrics, Received in revised form 11 July 2018 sampling methods, experimental design, and level of effort necessary to achieve the desired power for detecting Accepted 14 July 2018 meaningful changes. Failure to give these decisions proper attention often leads to suboptimal information for decisions and planning objectives. Our primary objectives were to develop alternative scenarios for a monitoring Key words: program, including power estimates and sampling effort required to detect population changes for small mam- monitoring multispecies mals on rangelands in southern Texas. Our secondary objective was to present a framework for developing power analysis customized monitoring programs for tracking wildlife populations over time. We trapped small mammals rodents using ~28 000 trap nights each year from 2014 to 2016 resulting in 13 183 captures of nine species.
    [Show full text]
  • PHYLOGENETICS of SPINY POCKET MICE (GENUS LIOMYS): ANALYSIS of CYTOCHROME B BASED on MULTIPLE HEURISTIC APPROACHES
    Journal of Mammalogy, 86(6):1085–1094, 2005 PHYLOGENETICS OF SPINY POCKET MICE (GENUS LIOMYS): ANALYSIS OF CYTOCHROME b BASED ON MULTIPLE HEURISTIC APPROACHES DUKE S. ROGERS* AND VICTORIA L. VANCE Department of Integrative Biology and M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA We examined phylogenetic relationships among species of Liomys, including L. adspersus (Panamanian spiny pocket mouse), L. irroratus (Mexican spiny pocket mouse), L. pictus (painted spiny pocket mouse), L. salvini (Salvin’s spiny pocket mouse), and L. spectabilis (Jaliscan spiny pocket mouse), several species of Heteromys, as well as representatives of other genera of heteromyids and 2 geomyids by using 1,140 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Gene sequences analyzed under maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum- likelihood (ML), and Bayesian inference optimality criteria converged on essentially identical gene tree topologies. Liomys is paraphyletic relative to Heteromys and this relationship is well supported, with L. adspersus and L. salvini arranged as basal taxa relative to Heteromys. Our gene trees also recovered L. pictus as paraphyletic relative to L. spectabilis and these 2 taxa formed the sister group to L. irroratus. Constraint trees that held the genera Heteromys and Liomys as monophyletic (MP and ML criteria) were significantly longer or less likely (P , 0.009 and 0.046, respectively) than our optimal trees, whereas trees that arranged L. pictus as monophyletic relative to L. spectabilis were not significantly longer (P , 0.101) under the MP criterion, but were significantly less likely under the ML criterion (P , 0.020). Key words: cytochrome b, Heteromys, Liomys, monophyly, paraphyly, spiny pocket mice Spiny pocket mice of the genus Liomys occur from Sonora, Goodwin (1932, 1956) described 2 species (L.
    [Show full text]
  • An Atlas and Key to the Hair of Terrestrial Mammals of Texas
    Special Publications Museum of Texas Tech University Number 55 26 August 2009 Atlas and Key to the Hair of Terrestrial Texas Mammals Anica Debelica and Monte L. Thies Front cover: Pelage, SEM image, and photomicrograph of black-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus californicus (pelage of SHM 510; SEM and micrograph of SHM 38). Cover design by M. L. Thies. SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Museum of Texas Tech University Number 55 Atlas and Key to the Hair of Terrestrial Texas Mammals ANIC A DEBELIC A A N D MONTE L. THIES Sam Houston State University Layout and Design: Lisa Bradley Cover Design: Monte L. Thies Copyright 2009, Museum of Texas Tech University All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including electronic storage and retrieval systems, except by explicit, prior written permission of the publisher. This book was set in Times New Roman and printed on acid-free paper that meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Printed: 26 August 2009 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University, Number 55 Series Editor: Robert J. Baker Atlas and Key to the Hair of Terrestrial Texas Mammals Anica Debelica and Monte L. Thies ISSN 0169-0237 ISBN 1-929330-17-0 ISBN13 978-1-929330-17-1 Museum of Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3191 USA (806)742-2442 ATL A S A ND KEY TO THE HA IR OF TERRESTRI A L TEX A S Mamma LS ANIC A DEBELIC A A N D MONTE L.
    [Show full text]
  • Heteromys Desmarestianus: Rodentia; Heteromyidae): Evidence of a Distinct Mitochondrial Lineage
    THERYA, 2019, Vol. 10 (3): 309-318 DOI: 10.12933/therya-19-883 ISSN 2007-3364 Genetic relationships of Caribbean lowland spiny pocket mice (Heteromys desmarestianus: Rodentia; Heteromyidae): evidence of a distinct mitochondrial lineage ANDREA ROMERO1*, MARK E. MORT2, J. ANDREW DEWOODY3, AND ROBERT M. TIMM2 1 Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Wisconsin- Whitewater. 800 W Main St. Whitewater, WI 53190 U.S.A. Email: [email protected] (AR). 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas. 1450 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045 U.S.A. Email: [email protected] (MEM), [email protected] (RMT). 3 Department of Biological Science and Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University. 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907 U.S.A. Email: [email protected] (JAD). *Corresponding author Genetic studies provide important insights into the evolutionary history and taxonomy of species, allowing us to identify lineages dif- ficult to distinguish morphologically. The relationships among species in the genus Heteromys have been in flux as new species have been described, and candidate species have been suggested in the H. desmarestianus group. One new potential species may be in Costa Rica’s Carib- bean lowlands. Herein, we test the phylogenetic relationships of individuals from Costa Rica’s Caribbean lowlands to individuals from through- out the species’ range using mitochondrial sequences from cytochrome-b (cytb). We captured 116 individuals from the lowlands, sequenced their cytb gene, and incorporated 74 GenBank sequences from throughout the species’ range to test if individuals from Costa Rica’s Caribbean lowlands potentially constitute an undescribed species.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammals of Imperial County
    Checklist of Mammal Species Recorded in Imperial County Classification at the species level follows "Mammal Species of The World," 2nd ed., 1993, by D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder; that at the subspecies level "The Mammals of North America," 2nd ed., 1981, by E. R. Hall. English names refer to the species as a whole, not individual component subspecies. If a species has a restricted range or multiple subspecies occur in Imperial County, this range is indicated briefly. ** Double asterisks specify that the mammal's occurrence in Imperial County is supported by specimens in the San Diego Natural History Museum. * Single asterisks specify that specimens in other museums have been reported in the literature. MARSUPIALS: MARSUPIALIA Opossums: Family Didelphidae Opossum Didelphis virginiana virginiana (introduced) INSECTIVORES: ORDER INSECTIVORA Shrews: Family Soricidae Desert or Desert Gray Shrew Notiosorex crawfordi crawfordi** BATS: ORDER CHIROPTERA Leaf-nosed Bats: Family Phyllostomatidae California Leaf-nosed Bat Macrotus californicus** Plain-nosed Bats: Family Vespertilionidae Pallid Bat Antrozous pallidus pallidus Big Brown Bat Eptesicus fuscus pallidus** California Myotis Myotis californicus stephensi** Little Brown Myotis Myotis lucifugus occultus** Cave Myotis Myotis velifer brevis Yuma Myotis Myotis yumanensis yumanensis** Western Pipistrelle Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus** Townsend's Big-eared Bat Plecotus townsendii pallescens** Free-tailed Bats: Family Molossidae Western Mastiff Bat Eumops perotis californicus Pocketed Free-tailed
    [Show full text]