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Viking Heritage 4Ð2002 VV king king HeritageHeritagemagazine 4/2002 DESTINATION VIKING Viking Heritage Magazine 4/02 IN THIS ISSUE New excavations at the Editorial central site of Uppåkra, in the very south of Sweden 3–6 At the end of a year it is time for retrospection but also for looking The origins of the ahead. Here at Viking Heritage we can see that this year has brought imaginary Viking 6–9 many, many new readers to the magazine. REACH There are, I think, two reasons for this. Of course the first is the fine Excavating in Russia 10 quality of the articles written by our excellent authors. Thanks to all of Rurikovo Gorodische 10–12 you who have contributed to the magazine, in a small and/or big way, Lubitino 13 during the year! Secondly we have many loyal, enthusiastic readers Staraya Russa – a place of great archaeological interest 14–15 helping us to spread out information about the magazine, thanks to Dubhlinn's Vikings 16–17 everybody! All your assistance is essential to keep the magazine going. Saga of seven Viking fortresses 18–20 And for the coming year we hope the fruitful co-operation of all kinds will Vikings in Flanders 21–23 continue to make as good a magazine worth reading as possible! DESTINATION VIKING Every year, archaeological investigations bring forth new knowledge Araisi Lake Fortress in Latvia 24–25 about the Viking Age. This time we proudly present the latest news from The Viking-age surroundings excavations in Uppåkra, southern Sweden, where the rare find of a of Gunne’s gård, Sweden 26–27 ceremonial building has been made. Certainly this find will add new Ancient handicrafts part III angles of approach to the pre-Christian traditions of the Nordic countries. A Course in Viking-Age Carpentry 28–29 We are also happy to present an article that discusses the origins of Destination Viking imaginary Vikings, for example the question of horns on the Viking – Baltic Stories 29–30 helmets. A Brief Note on the Educational As usual you will find many other interesting articles and you will see Aspects of Killing People 30–32 that the dynamic era of the Viking Age still attracts people from various Ancestral Homes: cultural backgrounds and with different approaches to the Viking theme. paintings inspired by the Viking Age Viking Heritage wishes you all around the world a Merry Christmas and Now on display in Seattle, USA 33 a Happy New Year! And of course: Pleasant reading! NEW CD 33 NEW BOOK 34–35 Marita E Ekman Editor Heritage News Email: [email protected] Heritage News 36–38 “A wayfarer should not walk unarmed But have his weapons to hand He knows not when he may need a spear Or what menace meet on the road” From Hávámal (Words from “The High One”) Drawing by Lou Harrison. [email protected] About the front page The Viking woman Sylvia from Gunnes Gård, Upplands Väsby, Sweden. Read more about this farmstead on page 26. Photographer: Anna-Cari Lind. Miljömärkt med Svanen. Lic nr 341 487 http://viking.hgo.se 2 Viking Heritage Magazine 4/02 New excavations at the central site of Uppåkra, in the very south of Sweden By Lars Larsson Introduction The site at Uppåkra in southernmost Sweden was first recognised in 1930s in connection with house constructions (Fig. 1). Excavations revealed occupation layers rich in finds and dated to c. BC–400 AD with a thickness of more than 2 metres. Settlement remains have later been found within an area of 1.1 x 0.6 km. New investigations started in 1996. More than ten thousand artefacts, mainly of bronze but silver and gold as well, have Fig. 1. The location of sites mentioned in the article. Map by Lars Larsson been registered by metal detector surveys. Most of the finds date to the Vendel Period (550–800 AD) and Viking Age (800–1050 Because of the large size of the Excavation of central areas AD). These periods of occupation, settlement at Uppåkra, which covers an area What processes were active in the design of previously poorly known, have proved to of about 40 hectares, just a small area was settlement at Uppåkra was therefore a given produce extensive remains of activities. excavated. Information from the small question. This included an analysis of the However the finds indicate that ploughing initial excavations was linked to other houses and the spatial relationship of the has destroyed most of the youngest and results from metal detector surveys, farms in the design of the settlement. uppermost occupation layers. auguring and geophysical investigations, It was decided that the excavations The introductory archaeological yielding an important basis for further field should focus primarily on a habitation area investigations in 1996–1999 were on a research. This presented several where various finds marked the probable limited scale with one or a few trenches in concentrations of settlement remains with presence of an elite area. Areas like these eight places within the settlement. The indications of various artefacts have been investigated in Denmark, such as excavation results in combination with combinations as well chronological the Viking-age settlement sites Tissø and detector finds suggest that the settlement differences in artefact dating. The options Ribe on Zealand, but comparable large began late in the Pre-Roman Iron Age and and excavations from other sites of similar farms are rare in southern Sweden; examples ended in the late Viking Age (c. 100 BC– c. structure from the Late Iron Age and the are Järrestad in the very southeast part of 1000 AD). Viking Age such as Gudme on eastern southern Sweden and Slöinge in western Funen, Ribe and Tissø on Zealand in Sweden. Special interest was concentrated Denmark and Slöinge in western Sweden on the possibility of being able to follow an were of main importance in the set-up and elite area over a long period. At most they The Swedish Iron Age in execution of the Uppåkra project. can be followed back to the 5th century, chronological order Discussion about the introduction and while the majority belong to the Late Iron structure of central places was of main Age, including the Viking Age. interest as well. The occurrence of layer formation is Pre-Roman Iron Age 500 BC–0 Therefore, plans for future investigations unusual in large farm settings although Roman Iron Age 0–400 AD could be made with theoretical as well as there are several rebuilding phases within the same very limited area. The extensive Migration Period 400–550 AD empirical options. Thanks to sponsorship layer formation in some areas at Uppåkra Vendel Period 550–800 AD by the Tetra Pak company, these plans could be realised in a five-year field project which should make it easier to distinguish the Viking Age 800–1050 AD started in 2000. different building phases. In addition, there is reason to presume the occurrence of house elements such as floors and structures 3 http://viking.hgo.se Viking Heritage Magazine 4/02 built on them, while at other sites these have almost always been destroyed by continuous ploughing. Although layers from the Late Iron Age have been mainly ploughed up, it should be possible to find relatively intact sections and to follow them down through the layers in the hope of finding the initial phase. Hardly any other site in south Scandinavia offered more suitable conditions for pursuing these objectives. Efforts to find elite areas were concentrated in areas with extensive amounts of finds from metal detecting. We have looked especially for finds of obvious status markers such as artefacts of precious metals showing skilled craftsmanship, as well as finds made of special materials, such as fragments of glass beakers that might be used while feasting in a central building. There are three or four distinct concentrations of material, which may indicate richer farm complexes. Interestingly, they are all located in areas of extensive layer formation (Fig. 2). Two of these concentrations were considered particularly interesting for investigation. During 1999 and 2000, excavations on a larger scale began with stripping off topsoil in long, regularly positioned test trenches within areas in the central and southeastern part of the settlement respectively. In both areas there were rich remains of houses and other traces of activities. However, variation as regards both the types and the chronological spread of structures seems to be much greater in the central than in the southern area. In 2001 two trenches comprising a total Fig. 2. Concentrations of occupation layers within the Uppåkra settlement. of roughly 4,000 square metres were Map by Lars Larsson stripped of topsoil in the central area of the site. The northern trench revealed traces of several houses. Ploughing had seriously identified. silver with six decorated bands of embossed damaged the structures, but parts of clay Even while the topsoil was being gold foil running round the cup (Fig. 4). floors, collapsed walls, ovens and stripped off in the western part of the The glass proved to belong to a bowl in a accumulations of loom weights could be trench, the outline of a house stood out honey colour with offset ribs in blue on the documented in post-built houses dating to distinctly, marked by a yellowish clay floor bowl and ground ovals at the rim. the Vendel Period and Viking Age. There surrounded by a wall trench interrupted by Both objects were deposited as offerings. was no evidence of any specific function, three entrances (Fig. 3). The external They can be dated to the 6th century AD.
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