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TROPICAL FOREST AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ANALYSIS SUMMARY REPORT FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA – BARBADOS – DOMINICA – GRENADA – GUYANA ST. KITTS AND NEVIS - ST. LUCIA - ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES SURINAME - TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO September 2013 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by The Cadmus Group, Inc. and Sun Mountain International Photo credit: Charles Hernick. Reef in Barbados. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION AND ECOSYSTEM AND SPECIES DIVERSITY .................. 2 POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS ...................................................................................................... 3 LEGISLATION ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 INSTITUTIONS .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ........................... 6 PROTECTED AREAS .................................................................................................................................................... 6 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ..................................................................................................... 9 STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF FOREST RESOURCES ................................................................................ 12 TYPES OF FOREST .................................................................................................................................................... 12 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ................................................................................................................................... 12 MANGROVES............................................................................................................................................................. 12 STATUS AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE ................................................................................................... 13 MAJOR ISSUES IN TROPICAL FOREST AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION .................... 15 DIRECT THREATS ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 INDIRECT THREATS (ROOT CAUSES) ............................................................................................................... 15 IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY ACTIONS TO PROMOTE TROPICAL FOREST AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 16 EXTENT TO WHICH ACTIONS PROPOSED BY USAID MEET THE NEEDS ................................................ 17 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................... 18 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ANNEX A: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE FAA 118/119 ............................................................................ 21 ANNEX B: BIO-SKETCHES OF TEAM MEMBERS ................................................................................................ 27 FAA 118/119 IN-COUNTRY TEAM COMPOSITION ..................................................................................... 27 HOME OFFICE SUPPORT ....................................................................................................................................... 29 ANNEX C: STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW .......................................................................................... 30 LIST OF ACRONYMS ADS Automated Directive System CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCI Caribbean Challenge Initiative CELOS Center for Agricultural Research CITES Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora DO Development objective ESCRAA Eastern and Southern Caribbean Regional Country Analysis on Tropical Forest and Biological Diversity and Assessment on Climate Change Vulnerability ESS Environmentally Sensitive Species EU European Union FAA Foreign Assistance Act FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GEMS Global Environmental Management Support GIS Geographic information systems IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreement MMA Marine management area MPA Marine protected area NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NGO Non-governmental organization NTFP Non-timber forest products OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States OPAAL OECS Protected Areas and Associated Livelihoods PA Protected area PAC Protected Areas Commission PEPFAR President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief RDCS Regional Development Cooperation Strategy RoSTI Rosalie Sea Turtle Initiative SIDS Small island developing states SMMA Soufriere Marine Management Area TNC The Nature Conservancy UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development USAID/BEC USAID Mission to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean INTRODUCTION USAID regulations require that all country strategic plans include analyses of the actions that are needed to conserve tropical forests and biodiversity in the country and the extent to which current or proposed USAID actions will meet these needs.1 The legal requirements for a Biodiversity and Tropical Forest Assessment are found in USAID’s Automated Directives System (ADS) Chapter 201.3.9.2 Technical Analysis for Developing Long-Term Plans, Environmental Analysis-Biodiversity and Tropical Forests and ADS Chapter 204 Environmental Procedures. These requirements are derived from the provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) of 1961, as amended; the requirements are specified by FAA Section 118 “Tropical Forests” and Section 119 “Endangered Species,” which require that all country plans include: An analysis of the actions necessary to conserve tropical forests and biodiversity; and The extent to which current or proposed USAID actions meet the needs. Therefore, as part of the documentation for its new Regional Development Cooperation Strategy (RDCS), USAID’s Mission to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean (BEC) commissioned this Assessment to update the previous analysis of tropical forests and biological diversity prepared in 2008. The purpose of the regional report is to compile the findings of the 10 accompanying country reports. To the extent possible, this regional report identifies common findings and challenges among the countries assessed. Countries assessed as part of the update for the new RDCS are the following: 1. Antigua and Barbuda 2. Barbados 3. Dominica 4. Grenada 5. Guyana 6. St. Kitts and Nevis 7. St. Lucia 8. St. Vincent and the Grenadines 9. Suriname 10. Trinidad and Tobago During the period 2014 to 2018, the USAID Regional Program will have four focus areas: Global Climate Change, Economic Growth, Citizen Security, and HIV/AIDS. The following information is from the USAID website (USAID, 2013) and is supplemented by interviews with the USAID/BEC Mission, which provided information on future direction of the USAID program. Global Climate Change: The Climate Change focus area under the new RDCS will be similar to the current strategy. The program will assist the 10 countries with adaptation measures to mitigate the effects of climate change. The private sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and local communities will be integrated into the process to ensure that they are prepared for and able to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Climate change demonstration projects will be emphasized in the new RDCS. Citizen Security: The Citizen Security focus area under the new RDCS will also be similar to the current strategy. The emphasis will be on at-risk youth, and will support life skills development, basic education assistance, technical and vocational training, business skills development, internships, and assistance with job 1 USAID Automated Directives System (ADS) Chapter 201.3.9.2 Technical Analysis for Developing Long-Term Plans, Environmental Analysis-Biodiversity and Tropical Forests and ADS Chapter 204 Environmental Procedures, derived from the provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) of 1961, as amended in Sections 118, Tropical Forests, and 119, Endangered Species. 1 placements. Additionally, the program will seek to reduce rates of repeat offenses among youth offenders with a focus on supporting legal frameworks, capacity building within the juvenile justice system, and building public awareness on juvenile justice reform. Economic Growth: Under the new RDCS, USAID will continue to support the growth of the economies of the 10 countries in the USAID/BEC region. The goal will be to increase the ability of youth to participate in emerging market
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