DOCSLIB.ORG

Scanned Using the Fujitsu 6670 Scanner and Scandall Pro Ver 1.7

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scanned Using the Fujitsu 6670 Scanner and Scandall Pro Ver 1.7 Ngati Ruanui Claims Settlement Bill Government Bill Explanatory note General policy statement This Bill records the acknowledgements and apology given by the Crown to Ngati Ruanui in the deed of settlement dated 12 May 2001 between the Crown and Ngati Ruanui: . gives effect to the deed of settlement in which the Crown and Ngati Ruanui agreed to a final settlement of the Ngati Ruanui historical claims. Scope of settlement Ngati Ruanui are one of the 8 iwi of Taranaki. They are located in southern Taranaki and have approximately 4 000 registered mem- bers. In the deed of settlement, and in this Bill, Ngati Ruanui have been defined as descendants of- • people who descend from Ruanui o Pokiwa or a recognised ancestor of one of the 16 Ngati Ruanui hapu, or Tangahoe or Pakakohi; and • people who exercised customary interests in the Ngati Ruanui area of interest from 1840. The settlement settles all of the historical claims of Ngati Ruanui (including Tangahoe and Pakakohi). Those claims include all claims that are, or are founded on, a right from the Treaty of Waitangi or the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, under legislation or at common law (including in relation to aboriginal title or customary law), from fiduciary duty, or otherwise; those that arise from, or relate to, acts 215-1 1 Ngati Ruanui Claims Settlement Explanatory note or omissions before 21 September 1992 by, or on behalf of, the Crown; or those that arise by or under legislation. The Crown is released and discharged from all obligations and liabilities in respect of those claims. Any claims that Ngati Ruanui may have as a result of any loss of interest in land, or natural or physical resources, outside of Taranaki are not settled under the deed of settlement or this Bill. In the deed of settlement, Ngati Ruanui and the Crown acknowledge the importance of Mount Taranaki to iwi of Taranaki. The deed records the agreement of Ngati Ruanui and the Crown to work together with other iwi of Taranaki to develop an apology and cultural redress for Ngati Ruanui and other iwi of Taranaki in rela- tion to their historical claims that relate to Mount Taranaki. Ngati Ruanui and the Crown have agreed that the apology and cultural redress will not include any financial or commercial redress. History of the claim Between 1990 and 1995, the Waitangi Tribunal investigated 21 claims concerning Taranaki Maori, including Ngati Ruanui, made to the Waitangi Tribunal under section 6 of the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975. In 1996, the Waitangi Tribunal released its interim report on the Taranaki claims (including those of Ngati Ruanui), giving its preliminary views on the Taranaki claims. This report was based on the Waitangi Tribunal's inquiry up to the date of the report and was issued in order to expedite negotiations for settlements in relation to the Taranaki claims. Negotiations and deed of settlement In April 1998, the Crown recognised the mandate of the Ngati Ruanui Muru Me Te Raupatu Working Party (the Working Party) to represent Ngati Ruanui (including Tangahoe and Pakakohi) in negotiations. The Crown then entered into negotiations with the Working Party to negotiate a settlement offer for the comprehensive settlement of all the Ngati Ruanui historical claims. In August 1998, the Working Party and the Crown entered into terms of negotiation to specify the scope, objectives, and general procedure for the negotiations. The Crown and the Working Party reached a Heads of Agreement in September 1999, which recorded that, in principle, Ngati Ruanui Explanatory note Ngati Ruanui Claims Settlement 3 and the Crown were willing to settle the Ngati Ruanui historical claims. The Crown and the Working Party then finalised the settle- ment offer, which was put before Ngati Ruanui for ratification. Ngati Ruanui approved the acceptance of the proposed settlement by a majority vote (87.8% of participating adult members of the claimant community who were eligible to vote). On 12 May 2001, the Crown and Ngati Ruanui entered into a deed of settlement. The deed of settlement and this Bill provide for the final settlement of all of the Ngati Ruanui historical claims. The deed of settlement records that Ngati Ruanui and the Crown acknowledge that the settlement is fair in the circumstances. The settlement is conditional on the establishment of a governance entity (in accordance with the deed of settlement) and the passage of this Bill. Governance entity Te Runanga o Ngati Ruanui Trust (the governance entity) was ratified by Ngati Ruanui by majority vote (94% of participating adult members of the claimant community who were entitled to vote) in December 2001. The governance entity was subsequently estab- lished on 10 December 2001. In accordance with the deed of settle- ment, the governance entity has a structure that provides for repre- sentation of Ngati Ruanui, transparent decision-making and dispute- resolution processes, and full accountability to Ngati Ruanui. The governance entity will receive and manage the settlement redress for the benefit of Ngati Ruanui. The governance entity participated in the preparation of this Bill prior to its introduction. Negotiation and representation issues Throughout the negotiations, members of Ngati Ruanui, represent- ing some members of Tangahoe and Pakakohi in particular and, in some cases, members of Hamua, Hapotiki, and Ngati Tupaia hapu, have opposed the settlement. The opposition has related mainly to the inclusion of the Tangahoe and Pakakohi claims in the Ngati Ruanui settlement, the mandate of the Ngati Ruanui negotiators, and the process for developing the proposal for a governance entity. The Crown has considered the claims of members of Tangahoe and Pakakohi on a number of occasions and is satisfied that- • Tangahoe and Pakakohi are groups within Ngati Ruanui (affiliating to 11 of the 16 Ngati Ruanui hapu) under the 4 Ngati Ruanui Claims Settlement Explanatory note Crown's policy of negotiating settlements with large natural groupings of claimants, that their claims should be settled along with those of the rest of Ngati Ruanui. This was endorsed by the Waitangi Tribunal in the Pakahohi and Tan- gahoe Settlement Claims Report 2000: • the mandate of the working party was sound: • it took all appropriate steps to encourage those members of Tangahoe and Pakakohi who objected to the settlement to either become involved in the negotiating body or participate in the ratification process. This included making additional places available on the negotiating body, mediation, the offer of a facilitator, and amending the deed of settlement to recognise the traditions of Tangahoe and Pakakohi: • all members of the Ngati Ruanui claimant community were able to participate in the ratification processes for the settle- ment and for the governance entity: • the governance entity provides for the representation of all members of Ngati Ruanui (including Tangahoe and Pakakohi) through the hapu to which they affiliate. Claims relating to the settlement process by members of Tangahoe and Pakakohi have been considered by either the Waitangi Tribunal or the High Court on several occasions. The Waitangi Tribunal and the High Court made observations in relation to those claims but did not uphold them. Key elements of the settlement package The following summary sets out the key elements of the settlement package contained in the deed of settlement. Not all aspects of the settlement require legislation for their implementation. Acknowledgements by Ngati Ruanui and the Crown concerning the settlement The deed of settlement contains acknowledgements by Ngati Ruanui and the Crown concerning the settlement, that- • the settlement represents the result of extended negotiations conducted in good faith and in a spirit of co-operation and compromise: Explanatory note Ngati Ruanui Claims Settlement 5 • it is difficult to assess redress for the loss and prejudice suffered by Ngati Ruanui as a result of the events on which the historical claims are or could be based: • it is not possible to fully compensate Ngati Ruanui for all loss and prejudice suffered: • this foregoing of compensation is intended by Ngati Ruanui to contribute to the development of New Zealand. Taking all matters into consideration (some of which are specified above) the settlement is fair in the circumstances. Acknowledgements and apology by the Crown The deed of settlement also contains acknowledgements by the Crown, including those relating to the loss of life and destruction of property during the Taranaki wars, the confiscation by the Crown of Ngati Ruanui lands, the Crown's treatment of the Ngati Ruanui people residing at Parihaka, and the inadequacy of the West Coast Commissions. The deed also contains a formal apology given by the Crown to Ngati Ruanui (including Tangahoe and Pakakohi), to their ancestors, to their descendants, and to nga uri o nga hapu o Ngati Ruanui for the breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi acknowledged by the Crown in the deed. The apology also covers, amongst other things, the Crown's actions that resulted in loss of life during the Taranaki wars and the virtual landlessness of Ngati Ruanui, and the destructive and demoralising effects of the Crown's unconscionable actions on Ngati Ruanui. Part 1 records the acknowledgements and the apology set out in the deed of settlement. Redress for the settlement of Ngati Ruanui historical claims The deed of settlement provides for the following financial, com- mercial, and cultural redress in settlement of the Ngati Ruanui historical claims: • financial and commercial redress with a total value of $41 million, comprising the sum of the commercial redress properties to be vested in the governance entity ($609,500) and the cash settlement amount of $40,390,500 (which includes $700,000 that has previously been paid to Ngati Ruanui by the Crown as an "on account" advance and which 6 Ngati Ruanui Claims Settlement Explanatory note Ngati Ruanui and the Crown agree will be deducted from the amount paid to the governance entity on settlement date): .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 10. South Taranaki
    10. South Taranaki Fighting in South Taranaki began when General Cameron’s invasion army marched north from Whanganui on 24 January 1865. This was a major New Zealand campaign, exceeded in the number of Pākehā troops only by the Waikato War a year earlier. A chain of redoubts protected communications, notably on each bank of the Waitotara, Patea, Manawapou and Waingongoro rivers. Pā were mostly inland, at or near the bush edge, and were left alone. The invasion halted at Waingongoro River on the last day of March 1865. British troops then stayed on at the redoubts, while colonial forces took Māori land in return for service, with local fortifications put up for refuge and defence. On 30 December 1865, General Chute marched north from Whanganui on a very different campaign. By the time his combined British Army, colonial and Whanganui Māori force returned on 9 February 1866, seven fortified pā and 21 kāinga had been attacked and taken in search and destroy operations. When British regiments left South Taranaki later that year, colonial troops took over the garrison role. Titokowaru’s 1868–69 campaign was an outstanding strategic episode of the New Zealand Wars. Colonial troops were defeated at Te Ngutu o te Manu and Moturoa and forced back to Whanganui, abandoning Pākehā settlement north of Kai Iwi but for posts at Patea and Wairoa (Waverley). The Māori effort failed early in 1869 when Tauranga Ika, the greatest of Titokowaru’s pā, was given up without a fight. In the years that followed, Pākehā settlers on Māori land were protected by Armed Constabulary and militia posts.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Wars Sources at the Hocken Collections Part 2 – 1860S and 1870S
    Reference Guide New Zealand Wars Sources at the Hocken Collections Part 2 – 1860s and 1870s Henry Jame Warre. Camp at Poutoko (1863). Watercolour on paper: 254 x 353mm. Accession no.: 8,610. Hocken Collections/Te Uare Taoka o Hākena, University of Otago Library Nau Mai Haere Mai ki Te Uare Taoka o Hākena: Welcome to the Hocken Collections He mihi nui tēnei ki a koutou kā uri o kā hau e whā arā, kā mātāwaka o te motu, o te ao whānui hoki. Nau mai, haere mai ki te taumata. As you arrive We seek to preserve all the taoka we hold for future generations. So that all taoka are properly protected, we ask that you: place your bags (including computer bags and sleeves) in the lockers provided leave all food and drink including water bottles in the lockers (we have a researcher lounge off the foyer which everyone is welcome to use) bring any materials you need for research and some ID in with you sign the Readers’ Register each day enquire at the reference desk first if you wish to take digital photographs Beginning your research This guide gives examples of the types of material relating to the New Zealand Wars in the 1860s and 1870s held at the Hocken. All items must be used within the library. As the collection is large and constantly growing not every item is listed here, but you can search for other material on our Online Public Access Catalogues: for books, theses, journals, magazines, newspapers, maps, and audiovisual material, use Library Search|Ketu.
    [Show full text]
  • Additions to Taranaki Inventory of Key Native Ecosystems January 2018
    Campbells Bush At a glance TRC Reference: BD/9576 LENZ: C1.1a Chronically threatened Ecological District: Matemateaonga National: Priority 1 – Threatened Land Land Tenure: District Environment Regional: Key Native Ecosystem Area(ha): 1.4 Regional At risk 20-30% left GPS: 1720227X & 5633703Y Ecosystem Loss: Bioclimate Zone: Lowland Protection Status: Local Government Habitat: Forest Remnant Catchment: Tangahoe (348) Ecosystem Type MF7.3: Tawa, pukatea, podocarp forest General Description Campbell's Bush is located on Sangster Road, Rawhitiroa, approximately 8kms east of Eltham in central Taranaki. The forest remnant is located within the Matemateaonga Ecological District and lies in the Tangahoe River catchment. Campbell's Bush is a small (1.4ha) lowland forest remnant owned by the South Taranaki District Council as a Scenic Reserve. The bush remnant is only 900 metres west of the Rotokare Scenic Reserve and is within the Rotokare Reserve Trust 'halo' management area. Ecological Features Flora The high canopy at Campbell’s Bush is dominated by pukatea, tawa and swamp maire with occasional rewarewa and titoki. The understory is recovering well including species such as kawakawa, kanono, pigeonwood, mahoe and turepo and has become dense in places. Native ferns are well established in places and are establishing wider including shining spleenwort, sickle spleenwort, hen and chicken fern etc. Swamp maire (Regionally Distinctive) is present in good numbers and is notable for this site. Fauna The reserve will definitely be receiving spill over from the predator fenced Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve and also benefiting from the halo pest animal control programme in this area. Tui were generally in numbers higher than usual for a small site.
    [Show full text]
  • PATEA Heritage Inventory
    PATEA Heritage Inventory PATEA Heritage Inventory Prepared by South Taranaki District Council Private Bag 902 HAWERA January 2000 Amended and reprinted in June 2003 Cover: Aotea Memorial Canoe, Patea Photographed by Aidan Robinson, 2003 Contents Page Introduction ............................................................................................................................3 Methodology........................................................................................................................3 Study Area ..........................................................................................................................3 Criteria for Selection and Assessment ....................................................................................3 Site Assessment...................................................................................................................5 Naming of Buildings/Objects in Inventory...............................................................................5 Limits to the Study...............................................................................................................5 Sources...............................................................................................................................5 Continual Updating...............................................................................................................5 Inventory The inventory is arranged alphabetically according to street names. Bedford Street B1 Bank of New Zealand, 44 Bedford
    [Show full text]
  • The Pakakohi and Tangahoe Settlement Claims Report
    The Pakakohi and Tangahoe Settlement Claims Report THE PAKAKOHI AND TANGAHOE SETTLEMENT CLAIMS REPORT Wa i 7 5 8 , Wa i 1 4 2 Waitangi Tribunal Report 2000 The cover design by Cliä Whiting invokes the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi and the consequent interwoven development of Maori and Pakeha history in New Zealand as it continuously unfolds in a pattern not yet completely known A Waitangi Tribunal report isbn 1-86956-257-7 © Waitangi Tribunal 2000 www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz Produced by the Waitangi Tribunal Published by Legislation Direct, Wellington, New Zealand Printed by Manor House Press Limited, Wellington, New Zealand Set in Adobe Minion and Cronos multiple master typefaces Contents 1. The Parties and the Path to the Urgent Hearing of the Claims 1.1 Introduction _______________________________________________________1 1.2 The Claimants ______________________________________________________1 1.3 The Crown and the Working Party ______________________________________2 1.4 Background to the Urgent Hearing of the Claims ___________________________4 1.5 The Taranaki Report _________________________________________________4 1.6 The Crown’s Recognition of the Working Party’s Deed of Mandate ______________5 1.7 The First Application for an Urgent Tribunal Hearing ________________________5 1.8 The Crown’s Opposition ______________________________________________6 1.9 The Claimants’ Response _____________________________________________6 1.10 The Tribunal’s First Decision on Urgency__________________________________7 1.11 The Second
    [Show full text]
  • Consents & Regulatory Committee Agenda October 2017
    Consents and Regulatory Committee Tuesday 17 October 2017 9.30am Taranaki Regional Council, Stratford Consents and Regulatory Committee - Agenda Agenda for the meeting of the Consents and Regulatory Committee to be held in the Taranaki Regional Council chambers, 47 Cloten Road, Stratford, on Tuesday 17 October 2017 commencing at 9.30am. Members Councillor M P Joyce (Committee Chairperson) Councillor M J Cloke Councillor M G Davey Councillor C L Littlewood Councillor M J McDonald Councillor B K Raine Councillor N W Walker Councillor D L Lean (ex officio) Councillor D N MacLeod (ex officio) Representative Mr H Eriwata (Iwi Representative) Members Mr K Holswich (Iwi Representative) Ms F Mulligan (Iwi Representative) Apologies Notification of Late Items Opening Karakia Item Page Subject Item 1 5 Confirmation of Minutes Item 2 11 Resource consents issued under delegated authority and applications in progress Item 3 32 Report on five applications for notified consents - Fonterra Limited Whareroa Site Item 4 157 Appointment of Hearing Commissioner - New Zealand Transport Agency Item 5 160 Consent monitoring annual reports and case study 'Live Water Quality Monitoring' - moving forward with the latest technology 2 Consents and Regulatory Committee - Agenda Item 6 191 Incident, Compliance, Monitoring Non-compliances and Enforcement Summary Item 7 223 Public Excluded Item 8 224 Confirmation of Confidential Minutes 3 Consents and Regulatory Committee - Opening Karakia Whakataka te hau Karakia to open and close meetings Whakataka te hau ki te uru Cease the winds from the west Whakataka te hau ki tonga Cease the winds from the south Kia mākinakina ki uta Let the breeze blow over the land Kia mātaratara ki tai Let the breeze blow over the ocean Kia hī ake ana te atakura Let the red-tipped dawn come with a sharpened air He tio, he huka, he hauhu A touch of frost, a promise of glorious day Tūturu o whiti whakamaua kia tina.
    [Show full text]
  • Parks and Gardens
    PARKS AND GARDENS Free Copy or download at www.visit.taranaki.info 8th Edition Ahititi Okau Pukearuhe 3 Contents Welcome, haere mai Mim NEW PLYMOUTH DISTRICT page W i a Riv it e Uruti Taranaki has been known as ‘the Garden of New Zealand’ since a Ur r ra en Audrey Gale Reserve 5 W u 1 R i R a iv i pioneering times, a reflection of the region’s rich volcanic soil, iw e ve h r r a 2 Rotokare / Barrett Domain 6 k Motunui a encouraging environment and passionate gardeners. ih o Waitara Onaero 3 Marsland Hill 8 R Brixton Urenui From the edges of Mount Taranaki to the sparkling iv Bell Block e Okoki r 4 Matekai Park 10 surf coast, you’ll find countless parks and gardens New Plymouth Tikorangi 5 Te Henui Cemetery 11 Ta to explore and enjoy. From expansive public pu 5 Lepperton ae Hillsborough S 3 1 tr 7 19 6 Pukeiti 12 gardens to picturesque parks, picture-perfect ea m d 3A 8 n 20 a l Pukekura Park and Brooklands 14 3 p 7 private gardens to fantastic garden festivals, 2 U P l 4 y Taranaki offers it all. This guide m 8 Tūpare 18 Ōākura o u Hurworth t h Waitui URF IGHWA R assembles many of the best H45Y Koro o STRATFORD DISTRICT a Egmont Village d Tarata and offers just a start point Ston y River U Tataraimaka Te Henui Kaimata 9 Thomson Arboretum 21 pp Inglewood er d P Korito a Pohokura to begin a Taranaki garden Ōkato it o o R King Edward Park 22 ne 10 O R 6 et Kaimiro m Puniho xf o re a experience like no other.
    [Show full text]
  • Soldiers & Colonists
    SOLDIERS & COLONISTS Imperial Soldiers as Settlers in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand John M. McLellan A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Victoria University of Wellington 2017 i Abstract The approximately 18,000 imperial troops who arrived in New Zealand with the British regiments between 1840 and 1870 as garrison and combat troops, did not do so by choice. However, for the more than 3,600 non-commissioned officers and rank and file soldiers who subsequently discharged from the army in New Zealand, and the unknown but significant number of officers who retired in the colony, it was their decision to stay and build civilian lives as soldier settlers in the colony. This thesis investigates three key themes in the histories of soldiers who became settlers: land, familial relationships, and livelihood. In doing so, the study develops an important area of settler colonialism in New Zealand history. Discussion covers the period from the first arrival of soldiers in the 1840s through to the early twentieth century – incorporating the span of the soldier settlers’ lifetimes. The study focuses on selected aspects of the history of nineteenth-century war and settlement. Land is examined through analysis of government statutes and reports, reminiscences, letters, and newspapers, the thesis showing how and why soldier settlers were assisted on to confiscated and alienated Māori land under the Waste Lands and New Zealand Settlement Acts. Attention is also paid to documenting the soldier settlers’ experiences of this process and its problems. Further, it discusses some of the New Zealand settlements in which military land grants were concentrated.
    [Show full text]
  • Trustpower Ltd Patea Hydro Scheme Monitoring Report
    Trustpower Limited Patea Hydroelectric Power Scheme Monitoring Programme Report 2011-2014 Technical Report 2014-88 ISSN: 0144-8184 (Print) Taranaki Regional Council ISSN: 1178-1467 (Online) Private Bag 713 Document: 1459012 (Word) STRATFORD Document: 1480530 (Pdf) April 2015 Executive summary Trustpower Limited (the Company) operates a hydroelectric power station located on the Patea River on Maben Road, near Hurleyville. Water is impounded behind the 82m high Patea Dam to form Lake Rotorangi. This water is diverted through the 30 MW power station, the largest in Taranaki. This report for the period July 2011–June 2014 describes the monitoring programme implemented by the Taranaki Regional Council (the Council) to assess the Company’s environmental performance during the period under review, and the results and environmental effects of the Company’s activities. The Company holds 10 resource consents, which include a total of 146 conditions setting out the requirements that the Company must satisfy. The Company holds three consents to allow it to dam, take and/or use water, two consents to discharge water into the Patea River, three consents for structures associated with the scheme and two consents to discharge emissions into the air at this site. During the monitoring period, Trustpower Limited demonstrated an overall level of environmental performance that required improvement. The Council’s monitoring programme for the period under review included seven inspections and two hydrological gaugings. In addition, analysis of generation data, lake level data, Patea River flow and groundwater abstraction data, provided by the Company, was conducted. The Council also reviewed numerous reports submitted in accordance with consent conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuhinga 25: 1–15 Copyright © Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (2014)
    25 2014 TUHINGA Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa The journal of scholarship and mätauranga Number 25, 2014 Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is a peer-reviewed publication, published annually by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand Tuhinga is available online at www.tepapa.govt.nz/tuhinga It supersedes the following publications: Museum of New Zealand Records (1171-6908); National Museum of New Zealand Records (0110-943X); Dominion Museum Records; Dominion Museum Records in Ethnology. Editorial board: Ricardo Palma (editorial co-ordinator), Stephanie Gibson, Patrick Brownsey, Athol McCredie, Sean Mallon, Claire Murdoch (Publisher, Te Papa Press). ISSN 1173-4337 All papers © Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa 2014 Published June 2014 For permission to reproduce any part of this issue, please contact the editorial co-ordinator, Tuhinga, PO Box 467, Wellington Cover design by Tim Hansen Typesetting by Afineline Digital imaging by Jeremy Glyde PO Box 467 Wellington Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Number 25, 2014 Contents Domestic expenditure of the Hector family in the early 1870s 1 Simon Nathan, Judith Nathan and Rowan Burns Ko Tïtokowaru: te poupou rangatira 16 Tïtokowaru: a carved panel of the Taranaki leader Hokimate P. Harwood Legal protection of New Zealand’s indigenous terrestrial fauna – 25 an historical review Colin M. Miskelly Tuhinga 25: 1–15 Copyright © Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (2014) Domestic expenditure of the Hector family in the early 1870s Simon Nathan,* Judith Nathan* and Rowan Burns * 2a Moir Street, Mt Victoria, Wellington 6011 ([email protected]) ABSTRACT: Analysis of a large bundle of family accounts has yielded information on the lifestyle of James and Georgiana Hector in the early 1870s, when they lived in Museum House next door to the Colonial Museum in Wellington.
    [Show full text]
  • Maori Cartography and the European Encounter
    14 · Maori Cartography and the European Encounter PHILLIP LIONEL BARTON New Zealand (Aotearoa) was discovered and settled by subsistence strategy. The land east of the Southern Alps migrants from eastern Polynesia about one thousand and south of the Kaikoura Peninsula south to Foveaux years ago. Their descendants are known as Maori.1 As by Strait was much less heavily forested than the western far the largest landmass within Polynesia, the new envi­ part of the South Island and also of the North Island, ronment must have presented many challenges, requiring making travel easier. Frequent journeys gave the Maori of the Polynesian discoverers to adapt their culture and the South Island an intimate knowledge of its geography, economy to conditions different from those of their small­ reflected in the quality of geographical information and island tropical homelands.2 maps they provided for Europeans.4 The quick exploration of New Zealand's North and The information on Maori mapping collected and dis- South Islands was essential for survival. The immigrants required food, timber for building waka (canoes) and I thank the following people and organizations for help in preparing whare (houses), and rocks suitable for making tools and this chapter: Atholl Anderson, Canberra; Barry Brailsford, Hamilton; weapons. Argillite, chert, mata or kiripaka (flint), mata or Janet Davidson, Wellington; John Hall-Jones, Invercargill; Robyn Hope, matara or tuhua (obsidian), pounamu (nephrite or green­ Dunedin; Jan Kelly, Auckland; Josie Laing, Christchurch; Foss Leach, stone-a form of jade), and serpentine were widely used. Wellington; Peter Maling, Christchurch; David McDonald, Dunedin; Bruce McFadgen, Wellington; Malcolm McKinnon, Wellington; Marian Their sources were often in remote or mountainous areas, Minson, Wellington; Hilary and John Mitchell, Nelson; Roger Neich, but by the twelfth century A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of Coastal Areas of Local Or Regional Significance in the Taranaki Region
    Inventory of coastal areas of local or regional significance in the Taranaki Region Taranaki Regional Council Private Bag 713 Stratford January 2004 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PURPOSE...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 SCOPE.......................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 SITES OF LOCAL OR REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE.............................................................................................. 2 2.2 SUBDIVISIONS.............................................................................................................................................. 2 2.3 UNFORMED ROADS ...................................................................................................................................... 3 3. INVENTORY SHEETS................................................................................................................................ 3 3.1 NUMBER.....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]