DOCSLIB.ORG

Editorial: Personality Matters: a Special Issue in Honor of Sidney J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Editorial: Personality Matters: a Special Issue in Honor of Sidney J Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci Vol 44 No. 4 (2007) 251–254 Editorial: Personality Matters: A Special Issue in Honor of Sidney J. Blatt Golan Shahar, PhD, 1,2 Ada Zohar, PhD,3 and Alan Apter, MD4 1 The Personality, Risk and Resilience Research Group (Director), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel 2 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA 3 Department of Psychology, Ruppin Academic College, Emek Hefer, Israel 4 Department of Psychiatry, Schneider Child Study Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. Abstract: This special issue in honor of Sidney J. Blatt includes a collection of articles written by his Israeli friends, col- leagues and former students. Blatt, a professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at Yale University, a senior psychoanalyst at the Western/New-England Psychoanalytic Institute in New Haven, Connecticut, and a world-renowned clinician, theoretician, and investigator, has made an invaluable contribution to the understanding of personality processes in development, psychopathology, and the therapeutic process, as well as to Israeli clinical psychology and psychiatry. Articles in this special issue relate Blatt’s work to the author’s findings regarding mental representations of self-and- others, suicide and self-destructive behavior, depressive personality styles, adolescent development, personality as- sessment, and evidence-based treatment. An interview with Blatt, and his response to the articles in his honor, con- clude this special issue. There are two good reasons to launch this special on basic personality processes purports to increase issue in honor of Sidney J. Blatt: one is more concep- markedly our understanding of the multi-causal na- tual in nature, the other particularly pertinent to the ture of psychopathology, and to the employment of Israeli situation. The more conceptual reason is that person(ality)-sensitive procedures for assessment the theoretical and empirical work of Blatt, extended and treatment. over more that five extremely productive decades, teaches us about the formidable role of personality In particular, Blatt’s theory and research promise processes in normal development, psychopathology, to sensitize the clinical practitioner-researcher to the and the outcome, and process, of mental health key role played by mental representations of self and treatment, both psychological and pharmacological. others in the (dis)regulation of cognition, affect and behavior, as well as to individual differences in the In an era in which biological psychiatry on the one emphasis people place on interpersonal relatedness hand, and the focus on brief, manualized psycho- vs. self-definition and self-esteem. As compellingly therapies on the other hand, dominate our profes- demonstratedinahostofresearchfindings(see,for sion, Blatt’s legacy serves as a crucial reminder that it instance, 1), maladaptive and incoherent mental rep- is the person, with her particular way of making resentations of self-and-others, or object relations, sense of herself and the work around her, who suf- predisposeindividualstoahostofadaptationprob- fers, is the one who needs help, and is the one who lems and to severe psychopathology, and restrict will ultimately respond — or not — to our interven- these individuals’ ability to gain from treatment. tions. Without taking the person into account, our Conversely, essentially positive, albeit realistic, co- conceptualization of mental suffering and its treat- herent, and psychologically flexible representations ment runs a serious risk of being highly bolster normal development and serve as a resource reductionistic, and therefore erroneous and ineffec- during treatment (2). Related to his theory and re- tive. In contrast, incorporating theory and research search on mental representations, Blatt’s theory of Address for Correspondence: Golan Shahar, PhD, The Personality, Risk and Resilience Research Group (Director), De- partment of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 84105, Israel. E-mail: [email protected]. 252 EDITORIAL: PERSONALITY MATTERS: A SPECIAL ISSUE IN HONOR OF SIDNEY J. BLATT interpersonal relatedness and self-definition demon- and their colleagues, which reviews and interprets strates compellingly that our lives are woven around previous studies that utilized Blatt’s conceptualiza- the need to secure warm, close, stable and supportive tion of mental representations of significant others interpersonal relatedness, combined with the need in researching parental representations in children. to establish a positive, clearly delineated sense of self. This review is carried out through looking at the dy- An overemphasis on one of these psychological vec- namics between actual interpersonal experiences tors at the expense of the other leads to anaclitic-de- and intrapersonal processes as well as cultural influ- pendent and introjective-self-critical personality ences. The various studies reviewed used a children’s organizations, which in turn predispose individuals version of the Object Relations Inventory (ORI) by to specific psychopathological constellations and Blatt and colleagues (6) to assess parental mental distinct responses to treatment (3–5). representations (7). The authors emphasize the ur- The second reason to launch a special issue in gent need for systematic studies of continuity and honor of Sidney J. Blatt is his steadfast support of Is- change of mental representations, in order to en- rael in general and of Israeli clinical psychology and hance the understanding of the roles of interpersonal psychiatry in particular. At a time in which Israeli and intrapersonal factors in the formation of mental universities and academics are being boycotted and representations in children. ostracized, particularly in Europe, Blatt’s intense Israel Orbach from the Department of Psychol- connection to Israel and his support of Israeli schol- ogyofBar-IlanUniversitythenpresentshisvolumi- ars’ career development is nothing less than moving. nous work on self-destructive processes and suicide, Indeed, this connection is not new. Ever since his and links it to findings by Blatt and colleagues on service as the Freud Chair at the Hebrew University self-criticism. Orbach delineates the self-destructive in 1988–9, Sidney Blatt has been working very internal processes involved in suicidal behavior from closely, mentoring, advising and publishing with nu- three perspectives: theoretical, empirical and clini- merous Israeli psychologists and psychiatrists, some cal. From a theoretical point of view, different think- of whom now occupy leading position in Israeli aca- ers and their contribution to the understanding of demia and its mental health establishment. It is suicide are reviewed. Among them is Blatt and his therefore only fitting that we in Israel would be eager concepts of self-critical depression and destructive to find a way to thank one of our greatest champions. perfectionism. The empirical aspects of suicidal in- As guest editors, we would like to thank Prof. David ternal processes are also outlined, among them the Greenberg, IJP editor, for allowing us, indeed en- implementation in suicidal behavior of Blatt’s two couraging us, to do so by means of launching this types of depression: self-critical and introjective. The special issue in honor of Sid Blatt. negative suicidal outcomes of perfectionism can also As per Editor Greenberg’s request, this special beseeninclinicalcasedescriptions.Itisofimpor- issue constitutes not only a tribute, but also an op- tance that while some researchers in the field empha- portunity to get immersed in some of the most cen- size specific external adversities in forming the tral questions occupying international and Israeli circumstances that lead to suicidal behavior, Orbach mental health. To that aim, we solicited articles from stresses the significance of self-destructive internal senior Israeli mental health researchers, all of whom processes of which the eroding effects create intoler- are closely familiar with Blatt’s writings, and encour- able mental pain that eventually leads to suicide. aged these authors to discuss their own work and to Next, Hadas Wiseman, Alon Raz and Ruth link it to theory and research on mental representa- Sharabany investigate the way Blatt’s personality tions, the anaclitic and introjective configurations, prototypes may account for the interpersonal prob- psychological development, psychopathology and lems of young adults with difficulties in establishing mental health treatment. Each of the articles submit- long-term romantic relationships. This was executed tedwasthenreviewedbyoneofus,aswellasbya by means of a two-dimensional model of interper- blindinternationalreviewerwhoisanexpertinthe sonal problems, comprised of affiliation and domi- topic addressed by the putative article. Opening this nance. These young adults, as well as young adults special issue is an article by Beatriz Priel, Avi Besser, who were successful in achieving long-term intimate GOLANSHAHARETAL. 253 relationships, completed the Depressive Experiences ment’s relative neglect of the role of patients’ pre- Questionnaire (8) as well as questionnaires tapping treatment personality in the outcome and process of onto mental health and interpersonal problems. In- psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interven- terpersonal problems were also measured by a tions. As argued by Soffer and Shahar, this neglect is friend’s evaluation. As hypothesized, the authors particularly alarming
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Dialectical Needs for Autonomy, Rela
    CONTRIBUTIONS OF SIDNEY J. BLATT Reflections on the Contributions of Sidney J. Blatt: The Dialectical Needs for Autonomy, Relatedness, and the Emergence of Epistemic Trust Patrick Luyten KU Leuven and UCL (University College London) Chloe Campbell and Peter Fonagy UCL Author Note Patrick Luyten, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, and Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL; Chloe Campbell, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL; Peter Fonagy, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Patrick Luyten, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Box 3722, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] This article is based in part on a paper presented at the Special Grand Rounds in Honor of Sidney J. Blatt, PhD, Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, December 16, 2011. 1 CONTRIBUTIONS OF SIDNEY J. BLATT Abstract This paper, written to commemorate the fifth anniversary of Sidney J. Blatt’s death, addresses the legacy of his work on autonomy and relatedness as fundamental dimensions in normal and disrupted personality development. We begin this paper by exploring what it was about Blatt’s contributions in this area that made it so resonant and valuable to the wide community of clinicians and academics. The second part of the paper reflects on how his thinking has influenced our own work concerning the origins of human subjectivity and its role in normal and disrupted development. We argue that our views concerning the role of attachment and mentalizing in developing the capacity for epistemic trust and salutogenesis are highly organized around Blatt’s conception of the human dilemma arising from the dialectical needs for relatedness and an autonomous, agentive self.
    [Show full text]
  • The Self in Understanding and Treating Psychological Disorders Edited by Michael Kyrios, Richard Moulding, Guy Doron, Sunil S
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07914-4 - The Self in Understanding and Treating Psychological Disorders Edited by Michael Kyrios, Richard Moulding, Guy Doron, Sunil S. Bhar,Maja Nedeljkovic and Mario Mikulincer Frontmatter More information The Self in Understanding and Treating Psychological Disorders © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07914-4 - The Self in Understanding and Treating Psychological Disorders Edited by Michael Kyrios, Richard Moulding, Guy Doron, Sunil S. Bhar,Maja Nedeljkovic and Mario Mikulincer Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07914-4 - The Self in Understanding and Treating Psychological Disorders Edited by Michael Kyrios, Richard Moulding, Guy Doron, Sunil S. Bhar,Maja Nedeljkovic and Mario Mikulincer Frontmatter More information The Self in Understanding and Treating Psychological Disorders Edited by Michael Kyrios Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia Richard Moulding School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Guy Doron The Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel Sunil S. Bhar Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Maja Nedeljkovic Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Mario Mikulincer Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya and Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Herzliya, Israel © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07914-4 - The Self in Understanding and Treating Psychological Disorders Edited by Michael Kyrios, Richard Moulding, Guy Doron, Sunil S. Bhar,Maja Nedeljkovic and Mario Mikulincer Frontmatter More information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixed Anaclitic–Introjective Psychopathology in Treatment-Resistant Inpatients Undergoing Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
    PROD #: 030 Psychoanalytic Psychology Copyright 2003 by the Educational Publishing Foundation 2003, Vol. 20, No. 1, 84–102 0736-9735/03/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0736-9735.20.1.84 MIXED ANACLITIC–INTROJECTIVE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN TREATMENT-RESISTANT INPATIENTS UNDERGOING PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY Golan Shahar, PhD, and Richard Q. Ford, PhD Sidney J. Blatt, PhD Austen Riggs Center Yale University Utilizing data from the Riggs-Yale Project, 45 male and 45 female 18–29-year- old treatment-resistant inpatients undergoing intensive psychoanalytically ori- ented treatment were studied. Twenty-seven mixed-type anaclitic–introjective inpatients were compared with 29 “pure” anaclitic and 34 “pure” introjective inpatients. At intake, mixed-type inpatients were more clinically impaired (i.e., were more symptomatic, cognitively impaired, and thought disordered) and more vulnerable (i.e., less accurate object representations and more frequently used maladaptive defense mechanisms) in comparison with clearly defined ana- clitic and introjective patients. Mixed-type patients, however, improved signifi- cantly more in the course of psychoanalytically oriented treatment, in terms of clinical functioning (i.e., symptoms, cognitive functioning) and psychological vulnerability (i.e., utilization of more adaptive defense mechanisms). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition are two fundamental themes in many psy- choanalytic and nonanalytic personality theories. In “Civilization and Its Discontents,” for example, Freud (1930/1961a) contrasted “the man who is predominantly erotic [and gives] first preference to his emotional relationships of other people” with “the narcissistic man, Golan Shahar, PhD, and Sidney J. Blatt, PhD, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University; Richard Q. Ford, PhD, Austen Riggs Center, Stockbridge, Massachusetts. The authors thank Rachel B.
    [Show full text]
  • By Dana Tzur-Bitan
    Is the Looming Maladaptive Cognitive Style a Central Mechanism in the (Generalized) Anxiety – (Major) Depression Comorbidity: An Intra-Individual, Time Series Study Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of “DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY” by Dana Tzur-Bitan Submitted to the Senate of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev May 2011 Beer-Sheva Is the Looming Maladaptive Cognitive Style a Central Mechanism in the (Generalized) Anxiety – (Major) Depression Comorbidity: An Intra-Individual, Time Series Study Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of “DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY” by Dana Tzur-Bitan Submitted to the Senate of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Approved by the advisor Approved by the Dean of the Kreitman School of Advanced Graduate Studies May 2011 Beer-Sheva ii This work was carried out under the supervision of Prof. Nachshon Meiran and Prof. Golan Shahar In the Department of psychology Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisors, Professor Nachshon Meiran and Professor Golan Shahar, for their guidance and support throughout the past six years. To Proffesor Meiran, who has constantly challenged me to critical thinking and encouraged me to experiment, for carrying a positive and optimistic view, and for balancing my emotionality with a rationale and professional attitude. To professor Shahar, for mentoring my development as a psychologist and encouraging me to peruse my inner passions, for being genuinely interested in my success, and for taking an active part in my professional and personal growth. Thank you both for fruitful discussions, financial and moral support, and for sharing your knowledge and skills with me.
    [Show full text]
  • Domains of Concepts, Theories, and Treatments
    Section I Domains of Concepts, Theories, and Treatments O Mostofsky—The Handbook of Behavioral Medicine O Mostofsky—The Handbook of Behavioral Medicine 1 Depression in Chronic Physical Illness: A Behavioral Medicine Approach Golan Shahar, Dana Lassri, and Patrick Luyten In this chapter, we address the prevalence, consequences, and presumed causes of unipolar depression in chronic, non-lethal, physical illness. We begin by outlining the central role of chronic physical illness (CPI) in medicine. Next, we consider the various manifestations of depression in CPI, focusing on the distinction between categorical approaches to depression (i.e., a diagnosable condition such as major depressive episode) and dimensional approaches (i.e., elevated levels of depressive symptoms in the absence of a diagnosable episode) to depression. From a behavioral medicine point of view, we argue, it makes more sense to address depression as a continuous dimension rather than to distinguish between diagnos- able and “subsyndromal” depression. Next, we present a tentative model account- ing for depression in CPI, which focuses on person–context exchanges. We conclude by discussing the implications of this view for assessment/screening, treatment, and prevention. Chronic Physical Illness: Definition, Prevalence, Costs The World Health Organization (WHO) defines chronic diseases as diseases of long duration and generally slow progression. According to the US National Center for Health Statistics, a disease lasting 3 months or more is considered chronic (http:// www.who.int/topics/chronic_diseases/en). Chronic diseases refer to a variety of medical and functional somatic conditions (i.e., cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic pelvic pain, chronic pain, chronic The Handbook of Behavioral Medicine, First Edition.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded From: Conference Should Contact Lee Smith, Campaigns and Issues/We Need to Talk Association Chair (Lee.Smith@Ukonline
    NEWS , ANALYSIS , OPINION FOR THE PSYCHOANALYTIC COMMUNITY ISSUE 4 AUTUMN 2010 Should Psychoanalytic ‘In Treatment’: The HPC on psychoanalysis Psychotherapy writing fitness to be in the NOW 2010 from life practise 2 Science Museum? 4 7 8 NHS, impacting on every corner of relationships with local commissioners. mental health care. The highly respected Individual practitioners will increasingly Kings Fund, which generally supports need to group themselves into larger Gearing the need for reform, has warned that the practices to compete effectively in the scale and speed of the current reforms is market place; the BPC will be looking at likely to distract attention from the need ways we can help build expertise across to maintain quality and avoid cutting the sector in various forms of social up to meet services. enterprise. How can our profession respond to these Finally, the scale of these challenges huge changes? How do we help make highlights more dramatically than ever challenges it possible for psychological therapy the incapacitating fragmentation of the services to be organised along the lines psychoanalytic and psychodynamic recommended by the We Need to Talk community. Many of our organisations coalition? And how can we help ensure have begun to sense just how weak they ahead that large numbers of high-calibre are by operating in this isolated manner. psychoanalytic and psychodynamic The need to move from this broad By Malcolm Allen anyone concerned about the shape of such practitioners are not lost to the system in perception to a position of purposeful services in the future. The report reveals the years ahead? strategic action is of course another that only eight percent of those surveyed matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Issue in Honor of Sidney Blatt
    Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome 2017; volume 20:1-2 Introduction to the issue in honor of Sidney Blatt Osmano Oasi,1 John Auerbach2,3 1Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy; 2Psychology Service, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL; 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA I have asked John Auerbach to join me in presenting search in psychotherapy, particularly in the field of de- this special issue dedicated to Sidney Blatt. The reasons pression. that prompted this are both biographical, considering the Lingiardi, McWilliams, and Muzi (2017) document meaningful bond between John and the late Sidney, and the importance of Blatt’s theoretical and clinical contri- scientific, which John and I share in paying a tribute to butions in a paper dedicated to the role of his model of the many contributions of this master in our field. The im- personality in the PDM-2. As the authors argue the dialec- pulse and currents of research inspired by Blatt are clearly tical interaction between anaclitic and introjective, or re- exceptional, as is clear from the sheer variety of topics lational and self-definitional, dimensions represents a that feature in this special issue. But I am getting ahead fruitful way of reading both normal and pathological per- of myself. sonality development. But there is more. This dialectic John Auerbach’s paper (2017) may indeed be taken as sheds light on a way of understanding mental functioning an introduction. He presents us with an extraordinary por- and appraising its strengths and weaknesses, thus proving trait of Sidney Blatt, from both a personal and an intellec- extremely useful from a clinical standpoint.
    [Show full text]
  • An Editorial Statement
    An Editorial Statement Golan Shahar Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Jack C. Anchin University at Buffalo SUNY William H. Gottidiener John Jay College of Criminal Justice Kenneth N. Levy Pennsylvania State University Nilly Mor Hebrew University in Jerusalem It is with excitement and earnestness that we assume the role of Editor and Associate Editors for the Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. JPI has been the official publication of the Society for the Exploration of Psycho- therapy Integration (SEPI) for the past 21 years. Owing to the vision and leadership of SEPI founders (see Goldfried & Newman, 2003), and previous JPI editors (Arkowitz, Gold; see Gold, 2010), JPI has been enjoying a steady growth in both readership and prestige throughout these years. The notion and option of psychotherapy integration, not only as an outlet from the big psychotherapy wars, but also as an approach to treatment, is now well established, and is here to stay. It is incumbent upon us, Editor Shahar and Associate Editors Anchin, Gottidiener, Levy, and Mor, to launch the journal Golan Shahar, Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Jack C. Anchin, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo SUNY; William H. Gottidiener, Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice; Kenneth N. Levy, Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University; Nilly Mor, School of Education, Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Golan Shahar is Editor, and Jack C. Anchin, William H. Gottidiener, Kenneth N. Levy, and Nilly Mor are Associate Editors, for the Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. The Associate Editors’ names were alphabetically ordered.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book 2006
    Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne Volume 47:2a June / juin 2006 Abstracts / Résumés Canadian Psychology Psychologie canadienne Annual Convention Issue/ Programme du congrès annuel Volume 47:2a, 2006 Abstracts / Résumés June 8-10, 2006 du 8 au 10 juin 2006 The Westin Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne Thomas Hadjistavropoulos, University of Regina, Editor/Rédacteur en chef Simon Grondin, Université Laval, Associate Editor/Rédacteur en chef adjoint Christine Chambers, Dalhousie University, Book Review Editor/Responsable, comptes rendus de lecture Dan Berman, Managing Editor/Directeur des services de rédaction Editorial Board Members/Comité de rédaction International Editorial Board Members/Membres internationaux Peter Bieling, McMaster University Martine Bouvard, Hopital neurologique de Lyon, France Stéphane Bouchard, Université du Québec à Hull John T. Cacioppo, University of Chicago, U.S.A. Victor Catano, St. Mary’s University Stephen Gibson, University of Melbourne, Australia Keith Dobson, University of Calgary Gerald P. Koocher, Simmons College, U.S.A. Anna-Beth Doyle, Concordia University Elizabeth Loftus, University of California, Irvine, U.S.A. Pierre Gosselin, Université d'Ottawa Scania de Schonen, Université René Descartes Paris 5, France Terrence Hogan, University of Manitoba Mark Snyder, University of Minnesota, U.S.A. Bryan Kolb, University of Lethbridge Robert J. Sternberg, Yale University, U.S.A. Maryse Lassonde, Université de Montréal Michael I. Posner, University of Oregon, U.S.A. Lisa Lix, University of Manitoba Steven Pinker, Harvard University, U.S.A. Phil Merikle, University of Waterloo Barbara Tabachnick, California State University-Northridge, U.S.A. Patrick O’Neill, Acadia University Daniel Wegner, Harvard University, U.S.A. James Ogloff, Monash University Donald Sharpe, University of Regina William Smythe, University of Regina Sandra E.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychoanalysis—With Whom, for What, and How? Comparisons with Psychotherapy
    ja p a Sidney J. Blatt / Golan Shahar 52/2 PSYCHOANALYSIS—WITH WHOM, FOR WHAT, AND HOW? COMPARISONS WITH PSYCHOTHERAPY If psychoanalytic treatment is to survive in the era of evidence-based medicine and managed care systems, empirical evidence is needed to demonstrate its unique nature and effectiveness. To address this need, comprehensive analyses were conducted of data from the Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project (Wallerstein 1986). These analyses addressed three questions: (1) What are the differences in outcome between psychoanalysis (PSA) and supportive-expressive psycho- therapy (SEP)? (2) With what types of patient, and in what ways, are these two psychodynamic treatments differentially effective? (3) Are these differences in outcome the consequence of possibly different mechanisms of therapeutic action? PSA was found to contribute sig- nificantly to the development of adaptive interpersonal capacities and to the reduction of maladaptive interpersonal tendencies, especially with more ruminative, self-reflective, introjective patients, possibly by ex- tending their associative capacities. SEP, by contrast, was effective only in reducing maladaptive interpersonal tendencies and only with depen- dent, unreflective, more affectively labile anaclitic patients, possibly by containing or limiting their associative capacities. he advent of managed care and the changed climate for long-term T intensive psychological therapies, including a declining interest in psychoanalysis, have raised once again the importance of articulating Sidney J. Blatt, Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University; fac- ulty, Western New England Institute for Psychoanalysis. Golan Shahar, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University. The research presented in this paper was supported in part by grants from the John D.
    [Show full text]
  • Yoni) Netanyahu
    Heroism Science Volume 5 Issue 2 Special Issue - The Downside of Article 5 Heroism 2020 A Lion’s Blues: Heroism, Heroic Self-Representations, and Emotional Distress in the Life and Character of Yonatan (Yoni) Netanyahu Golan Shahar Ben-Gurion University, [email protected] Raz Bauminger Ben-Gurion University, [email protected] Shai Itamar Ben-Gurion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/heroism-science Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons, and the Leadership Studies Commons Recommended Citation Shahar, Golan; Bauminger, Raz; and Itamar, Shai (2020) "A Lion’s Blues: Heroism, Heroic Self- Representations, and Emotional Distress in the Life and Character of Yonatan (Yoni) Netanyahu," Heroism Science: Vol. 5 : Iss. 2 , Article 5. DOI: 10.26736/hs.2020.02.05 Available at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/heroism-science/vol5/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Heroism Science by an authorized editor of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 SHAHAR, BAUMINGER, & ITAMAR YONI NETANYAHU Heroism Science: An Interdisciplinary Journal (ISSN 2573- 7120) https://scholarship.richmond.edu/heroism-science/ Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021) pp. 1-47 A Lion’s Blues: Heroism, Heroic Self- Representations, and Emotional Distress in the Life and Character of Yonatan (Yoni) Netanyahu GOLAN SHAHAR 1 RAZ BAUMINGER SHAI ITAMAR Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel [email protected] Please address correspondence to Golan Shahar, Ph.D., The Stress, Self & Health Lab (STREALTH), Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 800 Ben-Gurion Avenues, Beer- Sheva 84105, Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • The Blatt and the Cloninger Models of Personality and Their Relationship with Psychopathology
    Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci Vol 44 No. 4 (2007) 292–300 The Blatt and the Cloninger Models of Personality and their Relationship with Psychopathology Ada H. Zohar, PhD Behavioral Sciences Department, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel. Abstract: This paper presents in brief the Blatt and the Cloninger theories of personality and their relationship to de- pression and to psychopathology. Each of the theories is described, the theoretical foundations of the theory are pre- sented, the theory’s view on personality stability, on the relationship between personality and psychopathology, the theory’s efficacy at predicting depression from personality measures, the theory’s explanation for sex differences in de- pression, the measures derived from the theories, and theory productivity. The paper concludes with an analysis of commonalities of, and points of disagreement between the two theories. The choice to present and juxtapose Blatt and Depression (2004; 1), and on Cloninger’s book, Feel- Cloninger arises from a deep appreciation of both ing Good (2004; 2). theories, both new and integrative in their ap- proaches. The two theories arose in different con- texts, and in different disciplines. The Blatt theory is The Blatt Model of Personality and known mainly to psychoanalysts, clinical psycholo- Depression gists, and research psychologists with interests in de- pression and in development. The Cloninger theory Model description is known mostly to psychiatrists, and to psycholo- The Blatt model of personality posits that individu- gists and researchers who are interested in the inter- alsdevelopalongtwodimensions:thatofinterper- face between biology and behavior. There is little sonal relationships and that of identity and self interaction between these different theoretical ap- definition.
    [Show full text]