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Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Classification périodique des éléments : métaux alcalins

Auteur(s) : Cécile Kressmann

Adresse de messagerie : [email protected]

Niveau : BTS Métiers de la Chimie

Type d’enseignement : ESLV

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 1

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Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions Periodic Table of the

Elements : Alkali Metals Auteur(s) : Cécile Kressmann Adresse de messagerie : Classification périodique des [email protected] Établissement : Lycée Pierre-Gilles de Gennes ENCPB éléments : métaux alcalins Académie : Paris

Présentation Niveau d’enseignement A partir de vidéos, d’une chanson, cette ressource propose d'étudier le tableau Niveau : BTS Métiers de la Chimie périodique et en particulier les métaux alcalins. Type d’enseignement : ESLV

Sources : Référentiel, programme https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgA37CNa7Ow

 Synthèse chimique https ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OduTDUGeAXE Exploiter les structures des espèces chimiques Classification périodique des éléments https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk Compétences travaillées https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9z5-mJ8NZk Étapes de la séquence S’approprier ■■■□ Analyser ■■■□ Séance 1 : durée 1h ■■□□ Réaliser Activité vidéo + questions Valider ■□□□ Bibliographie de Dmitri Mendeleïev

Séance 2 : durée 1h Niveaux de compétence en langue Activité vidéo Etude des éléments et de la structure Langue : anglais de la classification périodique à partir Écouter ☐ A2 ☐ B1 ☑ B2 de la chanson de Tom Lehrer Comprendre Lire ☑ A2 ☐ B1 ☐ B2 Séance 3 : durée 1h Prendre part à une conversation ☐ A2 ☑ B1 ☐ B2 Parler Activité vidéo + questions S’exprimer oralement en continu ☑ A2 ☐ B1 ☐ B2 Réaction des métaux alcalins (Na, K, Écrire Écrire ☐ A2 ☑ B1 ☐ B2 Rb, Cs) avec l’eau Séance 4 : durée 1h Activité vidéo + questions Mots clés Etude en laboratoire, des métaux Anglais, chimie, , ESLV, periodic table, alkali metals, Brainiac, alcalins (Li, Na, K, Cs) , Song of elements Séance 5 : durée 1h Activité vidéo + questions Mise en évidence de l’obtention d’une basique lors de la réaction des métaux alcalins avec l’eau

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 2

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Table of Contents

For students ...... 4 Part 1 : Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleïev ...... 5 Part 2 : The element song of Tom Lehrer ...... 6 Part 3 : Brainiac Alkali Metals ...... 8 Part 4 : Alkali Metals ...... 9 Part 5 : Reactions of and with ...... 10 For teachers ...... 11 Part 1 : Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleïev ...... 12 Part 2 : The element song of Tom Lehrer ...... 13 Part 3 : Brainiac Alkali Metals ...... 16 Part 4 : The Alkali Metals ...... 17 Part 5 : Reactions of sodium and potassium with water ...... 18

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For students

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 4

Ressource provenant du site http://lvpc.dane.ac-versailles.fr Part 1 : Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleïev

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgA37CNa7Ow

Dmitri Mendeleïev

Look for the following information about Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleïev on the internet or in the library:

Give his date of birth?

Which country was he from?

When did he present his table of elements?

What principle was the table based on?

How many elements were known at that time?

What is one amazing thing about Mendeleev?

With whom was he obsessed?

What are the other topics on which he worked?

Did he obtain the Nobel Prize in 1906 for the periodic table? What did he obtain then?

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 5

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Part 2 : The element song of Tom Lehrer Using the video : Elements by Tom Lehrer song : The Element Song De weirdalrocks962 https ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OduTDUGeAXE

Answer the following questions:

1) How many elements are there in this song, and how many elements have been discovered since Tom Lehrer sang this song in 1961?

2) What did he just say before the last ? (Put the sentence in order)

Hope – it’s going to be – taking – quiz next period – notes because – a short – you’re all

3) What did he say at the end of the song? (Put the sentence in order) to Harvard, - they haven’t been discovered. – These are – and there may be – the only ones of which – many others but – the news has come

4) Take 10 different coloured pens and colour the different groups of elements by setting the legend.

5) Specific regions of the periodic table can be referred to as “blocks” in recognition of the sequence in which the shells of the elements are filled. Each is named according to the subshell in which the “last” electron notionally resides. Explain the 4 different blocks you know?

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 6

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Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 7

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Part 3 : Brainiac Alkali Metals

Using the video : Brainiac Alkali Metals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY

Answer the following questions :

1) What is the purpose of this video?

2) What does the Brainac intend to avoid?

3) What does the young man say about rubidium? (put the words in the right order)

It might not look like – in an atmosphere – just for safety – reactive , - in its gas tube, - but it’s a highly – it’s sealed – much reactive

4) Explain why it is necessary to seal rubidium?

5) Can you describe the vessel they use for the reaction? Was the reaction impressive?

6) How many grams of rubidium reacted?

7) Why is cesium introduced as the “emperor of alkali metals, particularly nasty for any time”? (put the words in the right order) - of gas – As cesium – should produce quite an explosion – the rapid generation – sinks in the water-

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 8

Ressource provenant du site http://lvpc.dane.ac-versailles.fr Part 4 : Alkali Metals Using the video : Alkali metals in water, accurate! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk

Answer the following questions:

1) What’s happening with ? (Put the sentence in the right order) The metal – water – giving – floats on the – an hydrogen gas – and reacts with it

2) What is the general reaction between water and alkali metals (sodium)?

3) Now for potassium, describe the action (Put the sentence in the right order) The heat – lilac flame – gas catches fire – by the reaction – giving out – that the hydrogen - and it burns with a – is produced so quickly

4) What is the general conclusion about the reactivity of the elements of the group? (Put the sentence in the right order) Things – go down – more terrifying – gradually – become – the group – as we

5) What happened to the crystallizing dish when cesium reacted with water?

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 9

Ressource provenant du site http://lvpc.dane.ac-versailles.fr Part 5 : Reactions of sodium and potassium with water

Using the video : Reactions of sodium and potassium with water – Professor Bob Burk : Experiment demos. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9z5-mJ8NZk

Answer the following questions:

1) Where do the alkali metals get their name from?

2) Which statement does the professor make?

3) What is the use of oil?

4) Does sodium look metallic? What do we have to do in order to recognize the metallic aspect?

5) What’s the difference between a metal like and a metal like sodium?

6) What did he add to the water? What is the use of it?

7) Which anion is responsible for the pink colour of the solution?

8) What is the formula of the gas that catches fire? Can you give the equation of the explosive reaction?

9) What’s the difference between sodium and potassium?

10) What happens when the professor reacts potassium with water?

11) Why is the professor in trouble?

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For teachers

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 11

Ressource provenant du site http://lvpc.dane.ac-versailles.fr Part 1 : Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleïev

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgA37CNa7Ow

Dmitri Mendeleïev

Look for the following information about Dmitri Mendeleïev:

Give his date of birth? 1834

Which country was he from?

When did he present his table of elements? 1868 - 1870

Which principle was the table based on? (1’20) Table was compiled on the basis of arranging the elements in ascending order of atomic weight and grouping them by similarity of properties.

How many elements were known at that time? (1’30) Around 60 elements

What is one amazing thing about Mendeleev? (1’40) He discovered 25 years before the discovery of the electron.

With whom was he obsessed? (2’33) He was obsessed with the niece of his best friend.

What are the other topics on which he worked? (3’) - Official standard production of Vodka (40% of alcohol) - study - Russia’s first oil rafinery

Did he obtain the Nobel Prize in 1906 for the periodic table? What did he obtain then? (3’40)

No but he got a more scientific honor. A is named after him : (radioactive element)

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 12

Ressource provenant du site http://lvpc.dane.ac-versailles.fr Part 2 : The element song of Tom Lehrer Elements by Tom Lehrer song : The Element Song. De weirdalrocks962 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OduTDUGeAXE

SONG OF ELEMENTS

There’s , , , , And hydrogen and and and And , , , , And iron, , , , , , , And and osmium and and And , and indium and And and and and .

There’s , , , rubidium And , , , irridium And and and and , And , , lithium, and .

There’s and and and And phosphorous and and and And and , molybdinum, , and and and cesium And , , and , , , , potassium, , , , , , And cadnium and and and .

There’s sulfur, and , And also mendelevium, and And argon, , neon, , xenon, and And , , , , , tin and sodium.

Tom Lehrer.

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1) How many elements are there in this song, and how many elements have been discovered since Tom Lehrer sang this song in 1961? 102 elements

Lawrencium (Lr) – (Rf) – (Db) – (Sg) – (Bh) – (Hs) – (Mt) – (Ds) – (Rg) – (Cn) – Ununtrium (Uut) – Fleronium (Fl) – Ununpentium (Uup) – (Lv) – Ununseptium (Uus) – Ununoctium (Uuo).

2) What did he just say before the last period? (put the sentence in the right order) Hope – it’s going to be – taking – quiz next period – notes because – a short – you’re all

1’13: Hope you’re all taking notes because it’s going to be a short quiz next period.

3) What did he say at the end of the song? (put the sentence in the right order) to Harvard, - they haven’t been discovered. – These are – and there may be – the only ones of which – many others but – the news has come

1’50: These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard, and there may be many others but they haven’t been discovered.

Traduction:

There’s antimony (antimoine), arsenic, aluminium, selenium, And hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen (azote) and rhenium And nickel, neodymium (néodyne), neptunium, germanium, And iron (fer), americium, ruthenium, uranium, Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadium And lanthanum (lanthane) and osmium and astatine (astate) and radium And gold (or), protactinium and indium and gallium And iodine (iode) and thorium and thulium and thallium.

There’s yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, rubidium And boron (bore), gadolinium, niobium, irridium And strontium and silicon (silicium) and silver (argent) and samarium, And bismuth, bromine (brome), lithium, beryllium and barium.

There’s holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium And phosphorous (phosphore) and francium and fluorine (fluor) and terbium And manganese and mercury (mercure), molybdinum (molybdène), magnesium, Dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesium And lead (plomb), praseodymium, and platinum (platine), plutonium, Palladium, promethium, potassium, polonium, Tantalum, technetium, titanium (titane), tellurium (tellure),

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And cadnium and calcium and chromium and curium.

There’s sulfur (soufre), californium and fermium, berkelium And also mendelevium, einsteinium and nobelium And argon, krypton, neon, radon, xenon, zinc and rhodium And chlorine (chlore), carbon, cobalt, copper (cuivre), Tungsten, tin (étain) and sodium.

4) Take 10 different coloured pens and colour the different groups of elements by setting the legend.

5) Specific regions of the periodic table can be referred to as “blocks” in recognition of the sequence in which the electron shells of the elements are filled. Each block is named according to the subshell in which the “last” electron notionally resides. Explain the 4 different blocks you know?

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 15

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Part 3 : Brainiac Alkali Metals Using the video : Brainiac Alkali Metals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY

Answer the following questions : 1) What is the purpose of this video?  Mixing chemicals (Li – Na – K – Rb – Cs) 2) What does the Brainac group intend to avoid?  “Never mix alkali metals with water” 3) What does the young man says about the Rubidium? (put in order) 1’05 “It might not look much reactive but it’s a highly reactive metal, it’s sealed in its gas tube in an argon atmosphere just for safety.” « Il ne semble pas très réactif mais c’est un métal très réactif. Il est scellé dans son tube de gaz sous une atmosphère d’argon, juste pour la sécurité. » 4) Explain why it is necessary to seal the Rubidium? 1’35 Rubilium will only react when a specially design valve dissolves in the water. Which gives John some crucial to get into a safety zone.

5) Can you describe the vessel they use for the reaction? 1’15 => bath (UK) or bathtub (US)

Was the reaction impressive? Yes very impressive.

6) How many grams of rubidium reacted? 1’35 => 2 grams of rubidium

7) Why is cesium introduced as the “emperor of the , particularly nasty for any time”? (put in the sentence in the right order) - of hydrogen gas – As cesium – should produce quite an explosion – the rapid generation – sinks in the water- 2’36 “As cesium sinks in the water the rapid generation of hydrogen gas should produce quite an explosion” “Faire couler du cesium dans l’eau, la production rapide de gaz dihydrogène produit une explosion impressionante”

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Part 4 : The Alkali Metals Using the video : Alkali metals in water, accurate ! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk

Answer the following questions:

1) What’s happening with Lithium? (put the sentence in the right order) The metal – water – giving – floats on the – an hydrogen gas – and reacts with it

1’10: The metal floats on the water and reacts with it giving off hydrogen gas.

2) What is the general reaction between water and alkali metals (Sodium)?

1’30: Na(s) + H2O(l) = ½ H2(g) + HO-(aq) + Na+(aq)

3) Now for potassium, describe the action (put the sentence in the right order) The heat – lilac flame – gas catches fire – by the reaction – giving out – that the hydrogen - and it burns with a – is produced so quickly

1’43: The heat given out by the reaction is produced so quickly that the hydrogen gas catches fire, and it burns with a lilac flame.

4) What is the general conclusion about the reactivity of the elements of the group? (put the sentence in the right order) Things – go down – more terrifying – gradually – become – the group – as we

2’05: Things gradually become more terrifying as we go down the group.

5) What happened with the crystallizing dish when Cesium reacted with water? 2’11: The crystallizing dish breaks.

Periodic Table of the Elements : Alkali Metals Page 17

Ressource provenant du site http://lvpc.dane.ac-versailles.fr Part 5 : Reactions of sodium and potassium with water Using the video : Reactions of sodium and potassium with water – Professor Bob Burk : Experiment demos. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9z5-mJ8NZk

Answer the following questions: 1) Where do alkali metals get their name from? The alkali metals get their name from the fact they give alkaline (basic) solution.

2) Which statement does the professor make? The teacher makes the statement that if he throws an alkali metal in the water he will get an alkaline solution, and he will prove it with an experiment.

3) What is the use of oil? The oil is just there to protect the metal from the air and the water (to keep the air and the water away from the metal).

4) Does sodium look metallic? What do we have to do to recognize the metallic aspect? The sodium doesn’t look too metallic at first, but when we cut it we can see a metallic glint and a shiny edge.

5) What’s the difference between a metal like iron and a metal like sodium? If you put iron in water you will not get a solution (iron doesn’t dissolve in water) and you will not get any alkaline property either.

6) What did he add to the water? What is the use of it? He adds an - indicator: phenolphthalein, which turns pink when the solution becomes alkaline.

7) What anion is responsible for the pink colour of the solution? The metal reacts with water and gives an anion: HO-, which is responsible for the basic property of the solution.

8) What is the formula of the gas that catches fire? Can you give the explosive reaction? Hydrogen is a very explosive gas. It reacts with oxygen (the air contains 20% of oxygen) and gives water. 2H2(g) + O2(g) => 2H2O(g)

9) What’s the difference between sodium and potassium? Sodium is less reactive than potassium: it gives off a flame. Potassium, illustrates the progression of the properties as we go down the group, it gives a harder flame (a pink or lilac flame) and there’s an instant flame.

10) What happens when the teacher reacts potassium with water?

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When the teacher introduces the big piece of potassium, there is a lot of smoke, a large pink flame, and we can see projections (spitting of alkaline solution). At the end of the experiment we can see burn marks on the desk all around the beaker.

11) Why is the professor in trouble? As he wants to prove all the chemical statements he makes with an experiment, he carries out many experiments during his lessons, and of course sometimes, there are burn marks, and different stains on the desk, or on the carpet. So since he’s been teaching this course, he is responsible for much deterioration on the desk and around it.

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