Unit 5.1 Periodic Table: Its Structure and Function

Teacher: Dr. Van Der Sluys

Objectives

• Mendeleev • Information in the Periodic Table – Metals, nonmetals and metalloids – Main Group, Transition Metals, Rare Earth and Actinide

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany) published nearly identical classification schemes for elements known to date. The periodic table is base on the similarity of properties and reactivities exhibited by certain elements. Later, Henri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established that each elements has a unique atomic number, which is how the current periodic table is organized.

http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html

1 Information About Each Element

Atomic Number 1 H Atomic Symbol Average Atomic 1.00794 Mass

Periodic Table Expanded View

•The way the periodic table usually seen is a compress view, placing the Lanthanides and actinides at the bottom of the stable. •The Periodic Table can be arrange by subshells. The s-block is Group IA and & IIA, the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA. The d-block is the transition metals, and the f-block are the Lanthanides and Actinide metals

2 Periodic Table: Metals and Nonmetals

1 18 IA VIIIA 2 13 14 15 16 17 1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA • Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

4 Nonmetals 5 Metals

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Periodic Table: Classification • Metals - Solids, luster, conduct heat and electricity, malleable and ductile • Nonmetals - Gases, liquids or low melting solids that are sometimes brittle and nonconducting • Metalloids - Have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Element along the stair case, except aluminum, which is a metal. • Noble gases - Monoatomic, unreactive gases

Three Element Types: Main, Transition, Rare Earth

• Main Group (Representative) • Transition metals • lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)

3 Across the Periodic Table Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (rows 1-7). These elements have the same number of valence shells. 1 Their properties change systematically. 18 IA VIIIA 2 13 14 15 16 17 1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA 2nd Period 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

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5 6th Period 6

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Down the Periodic Table

•Families or groups: Are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B). These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.

1 18 IA VIIIA 2 Alkali Family: 13 14 15 16 17 1 IIA 1 e- in the valence shell IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

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3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

4 Halogen Family:

5 7 e- in the valence shell

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Infamous Families in Periodic Table

Alkali Halogen Noble Gas Alkaline Chalcogens 1 (earth) 18 IA VIIIA 2 13 14 15 16 17 1 IIA Transition Metals IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

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3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

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4 Important Elements

• Individual members of selected Elements & their

1 characteristics 18 IA VIIIA 2 13 14 15 16 17 1 H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He

2 Li C N O F 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl

4 K Ca Fe Cu Zn Br 5 Ag I

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Summary

• Periodic Table: Map of the Building block of matter • Type: Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal – Groupings: Representative or main, transition and Lanthanide/Actanides • Family: Elements in the same column have similar chemical property because of similar valence electrons – Alkali, Alkaline, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases • Period: Elements in the same row have valence electrons in the same shell.

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