Doctoral Thesis 2019 Tourism and Water Resources
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Lakes: the Mirrors of the Earth BALANCING ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY and HUMAN WELLBEING
Lakes: the mirrors of the earth BALANCING ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HUMAN WELLBEING Proceedings of 15th world lake conference Lakes: The Mirrors of the Earth BALANCING ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HUMAN WELLBEING Proceedings of 15TH WORLD LAKE CONFERENCE Copyright © 2014 by Umbria Scientific Meeting Association (USMA2007) All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-88-96504-04-8 (print) ISBN: 978-88-96504-07-9 (online) Lakes: The Mirrors of the Earth BALANCING ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY AND HUMAN WELLBEING Volume 2: Proceedings of the 15th World Lake Conference Edited by Chiara BISCARINI, Arnaldo PIERLEONI, Luigi NASELLI-FLORES Editorial office: Valentina ABETE (coordinator), Dordaneh AMIN, Yasue HAGIHARA ,Antonello LAMANNA , Adriano ROSSI Published by Science4Press Consorzio S.C.I.R.E. E (Scientific Consortium for the Industrial Research and Engineering) www.consorzioscire.it Printed in Italy Science4Press International Scientific Committee Chair Masahisa NAKAMURA (Shiga University) Vice Chair Walter RAST (Texas State University) Members Nikolai ALADIN (Russian Academy of Science) Sandra AZEVEDO (Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Riccardo DE BERNARDI (EvK2-CNR) Salif DIOP (Cheikh Anta Diop University) Fausto GUZZETTI (IRPI-CNR Perugia) Zhengyu HU (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Piero GUILIZZONI (ISE-CNR) Luigi NASELLI-FLORES (University of Palermo) Daniel OLAGO (University of Nairobi) Ajit PATTNAIK (Chilika Development Authority) Richard ROBARTS (World Water and Climate Foundation) Adelina SANTOS-BORJA (Laguna Lake Development Authority) Juan SKINNER (Lake -
Almaty–Issyk-Kul Alternative Road Economic Impact Assessment
Almaty–Issyk-Kul Alternative Road Economic Impact Assessment Almaty, a vibrant metropolis in Kazakhstan, is only kilometers away from lake Issyk-Kul in the Kyrgyz Republic, renowned for its mountains and moderate summers. However, the two destinations are separated by two magnificent mountain ranges. To bypass these mountains, the existing road stretches over kilometers, leading to long travel times. This economic impact assessment analyzes what impact a more direct road between the two destinations would have for tourism and economic development in both Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic. The report provides economically viable solutions that, within a supportive policy environment, would lead to strong economic development within the region. About Almaty–Bishkek Economic Corridor The Almaty–Bishkek Economic Corridor (ABEC) is the pilot economic corridor under the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program. The motivation for ABEC is that Almaty and Bishkek can achieve far more together than either can achieve alone. The two cities are only kilometers apart with relatively high economic density concentrated in services in the cities and agriculture in their hinterlands. Both Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic have acceded to the Eurasian Economic Union and the World Trade Organization. CAREC corridors and Belt and Road Initiative routes cross ABEC. The historic Silk Route, mountain ranges, and Lake lssyk-Kul underline the potential for tourism. But trade, especially in agricultural goods and services, between the two countries is below potential, and the region does not yet benefit from being one economic space. About the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program is a partnership of member countries and development partners working together to promote development through cooperation, leading to accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction. -
The Aral Sea
The Aral Sea edited by David L. Alles Western Washington University e-mail: [email protected] Last Updated 2011-11-4 Note: In PDF format most of the images in this web paper can be enlarged for greater detail. 1 Introduction The Aral Sea was once the world's fourth largest lake, slightly bigger than Lake Huron, and one of the world's most fertile regions. Today it is little more than a string of lakes scattered across central Asia east of the Caspian Sea. The sea disappeared for several reasons. One is that the Aral Sea is surrounded by the Central Asian deserts, whose heat evaporates 60 square kilometers (23 sq. miles) of water from its surface every year. Second is four decades of agricultural development and mismanagement along the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers that have drastically reduced the amount of fresh water flowing into the sea. The two rivers were diverted starting in the 1960s in a Soviet scheme to grow cotton in the desert. Cotton still provides a major portion of foreign currency for many of the countries along the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers. By 2003, the Aral Sea had lost approximately 75% of its area and 90% of its pre- 1960 volume. Between 1960 and January 2005, the level of the northern Aral Sea fell by 13 meters (~ 43 ft) and the larger southern portion of the sea by 23 meters (75.5 ft) which means that water can now only flow from the north basin to the south (Roll, et al., 2006). -
Consequences of Drying Lake Systems Around the World
Consequences of Drying Lake Systems around the World Prepared for: State of Utah Great Salt Lake Advisory Council Prepared by: AECOM February 15, 2019 Consequences of Drying Lake Systems around the World Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................... 5 I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 13 II. CONTEXT ................................................................................. 13 III. APPROACH ............................................................................. 16 IV. CASE STUDIES OF DRYING LAKE SYSTEMS ...................... 17 1. LAKE URMIA ..................................................................................................... 17 a) Overview of Lake Characteristics .................................................................... 18 b) Economic Consequences ............................................................................... 19 c) Social Consequences ..................................................................................... 20 d) Environmental Consequences ........................................................................ 21 e) Relevance to Great Salt Lake ......................................................................... 21 2. ARAL SEA ........................................................................................................ 22 a) Overview of Lake Characteristics .................................................................... 22 b) Economic -
Economic and Social Council
UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Distr. GENERAL Council TRANS/SC.1/AC.5/2002/1 28 March 2002 Original: ENGLISH ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE Working Party on Road Transport Ad hoc Meeting on the Implementation of the AGR (Eighteenth session, 10-11 June 2002 agenda item 4) CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENTS TO ANNEX 1 OF THE AGR Transmitted by Kazakhstan The Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Kazakhstan, having reviewed the text of the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR) in the light of amendments 1-8 to the original text, and also the updated version of the map of the international E road network, wishes to make the following observations. Kazakhstan’s Blueprint for road traffic development outlines six main transit corridors: 1. Tashkent - Shymkent - Taraz - Bishkek - Almaty - Khorgos; 2. Shymkent - Kyzylorda - Aktyubinsk - Uralsk - Samara; 3. Almaty - Karagandy - Astana - Petropavlovsk; 4. Astrakhan - Atyrau - Aktau - Turkmen frontier; 5. Omsk - Pavlodar - Semipalatinsk - Maikapshagai; 6. Astana - Kostanay - Chelyabinsk. GE.02- TRANS/SC.1/AC.5/2002/1 page 2 Accordingly, the following amendments and additions are proposed to annex I to the AGR and the draft map of the international road network: 1. E 40. After Kharkov extend as follows: … Lugansk - Volgograd - Astrakhan - Atyrau - Beineu - Kungrad - Nukus - Bukhara - Nawoy - Samarkand - Dzhizak - Tashkent - Shymkent - Taraz - Bishkek - Almaty - Sary-Ozek - Taldykorgan - Usharal - Taskesken - Ayaguz - Georgievka - Ust-Kamenogorsk - Leninogorsk - Ust-Kan. The Leninogorsk - Ust-Kan section should be indicated on the map. 2. E 38 should be extended to Shymkent. The Kyzylorda - Shymkent section should be assigned a dual number (E 123/E 38). -
Hydrographic Development of the Aral Sea During the Last 2000 Years Based on a Quantitative Analysis of Dinoflagellate Cysts
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 234 (2006) 304–327 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Hydrographic development of the Aral Sea during the last 2000 years based on a quantitative analysis of dinoflagellate cysts P. Sorrel a,b,*, S.-M. Popescu b, M.J. Head c,1, J.P. Suc b, S. Klotz b,d, H. Oberha¨nsli a a GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegraphenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany b Laboratoire Pale´oEnvironnements et Pale´obioSphe`re (UMR CNRS 5125), Universite´ Claude Bernard—Lyon 1, 27-43, boulevard du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France c Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK d Institut fu¨r Geowissenschaften, Universita¨t Tu¨bingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, 72070 Tu¨bingen, Germany Received 30 June 2005; received in revised form 4 October 2005; accepted 13 October 2005 Abstract The Aral Sea Basin is a critical area for studying the influence of climate and anthropogenic impact on the development of hydrographic conditions in an endorheic basin. We present organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst analyses with a sampling resolution of 15 to 20 years from a core retrieved at Chernyshov Bay in the NW Large Aral Sea (Kazakhstan). Cysts are present throughout, but species richness is low (seven taxa). The dominant morphotypes are Lingulodinium machaerophorum with varied process length and Impagidinium caspienense, a species recently described from the Caspian Sea. Subordinate species are Caspidinium rugosum, Romanodinium areolatum, Spiniferites cruciformis, cysts of Pentapharsodinium dalei, and round brownish protoper- idiniacean cysts. The chlorococcalean algae Botryococcus and Pediastrum are taken to represent freshwater inflow into the Aral Sea. The data are used to reconstruct salinity as expressed in lake level changes during the past 2000 years. -
Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region
Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region 68 Central Asia Atlas of Natural Resources ater has long been the fundamental helped the region flourish; on the other, water, concern of Central Asia’s air, land, and biodiversity have been degraded. peoples. Few parts of the region are naturally water endowed, In this chapter, major river basins, inland seas, Wand it is unevenly distributed geographically. lakes, and reservoirs of Central Asia are presented. This scarcity has caused people to adapt in both The substantial economic and ecological benefits positive and negative ways. Vast power projects they provide are described, along with the threats and irrigation schemes have diverted most of facing them—and consequently the threats the water flow, transforming terrain, ecology, facing the economies and ecology of the country and even climate. On the one hand, powerful themselves—as a result of human activities. electrical grids and rich agricultural areas have The Amu Darya River in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, with a canal (left) taking water to irrigate cotton fields.Upper right: Irrigation lifeline, Dostyk main canal in Makktaaral Rayon in South Kasakhstan Oblast, Kazakhstan. Lower right: The Charyn River in the Balkhash Lake basin, Kazakhstan. Water Resources 69 55°0'E 75°0'E 70 1:10 000 000 Central AsiaAtlas ofNaturalResources Major River Basins in Central Asia 200100 0 200 N Kilometers RUSSIAN FEDERATION 50°0'N Irty sh im 50°0'N Ish ASTANA N ura a b m Lake Zaisan E U r a KAZAKHSTAN l u s y r a S Lake Balkhash PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC Ili OF CHINA Chui Aral Sea National capital 1 International boundary S y r D a r Rivers and canals y a River basins Lake Caspian Sea BISHKEK Issyk-Kul Amu Darya UZBEKISTAN Balkhash-Alakol 40°0'N ryn KYRGYZ Na Ob-Irtysh TASHKENT REPUBLIC Syr Darya 40°0'N Ural 1 Chui-Talas AZERBAIJAN 2 Zarafshan TURKMENISTAN 2 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. -
Enterprises and Organizations – Partners of the Faculty
ENTERPRISES AND ORGANIZATIONS – PARTNERS OF THE FACULTY 1. JSC "Agrofirma- Aktyk" 010017, Akmola region, Tselinograd district, village Vozdvizhenka 2. The Committee on Forestry and Hunting 010000, Astana, st. Orynbor, 8, 5 entrance of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan 3. The Water Resources Committee 010000, Astana, Valikhanov Street, Building 43 4. RSE "Phytosanitary" the Ministry of 010000, Astana, Pushkin Street 166 Agriculture 5. LLP "SMCCC (center of Science and 010000, Akmola region, Shortandy District, Nauchnyi manufacture of Crop cultivation) named village, Kirov Street 58 after A.I. Barayev" 6. Republican Scientific methodical center 010000, Akmola region, Shortandy District, Nauchnyi of agrochemical service of the Ministry village, Kirov Street 58 of Agriculture 7. State Republican Centre for 010000, Astana, st. Orynbor, 8, 5 entrance phytosanitary diagnostics and forecasts the Ministry of Agriculture 8. RSE "Zhasyl Aimak" 010000, Astana, Tereshkova street 22/1 9. State Institution "Training and 010000, Akmola region, Sandyktau District, the village Production Sandyktau forestry" of Hutorok 10. LLP "Farmer 2002" 010000, Akmola region, Astrakhan district 11. "Astana Zelenstroy" 010000, Astana, Industrial Zone, 1 12. ASU to protect forests and wildlife 010000, Akmola region, Akkol district, Forestry village "Akkol" 13. State Scientific and Production Center 010000, Astana, Zheltoksan street, 25 of Land Management," the Ministry of Agriculture 14. State Institution "Burabay" 021708, Akmola region, Burabay village, Kenesary str., 45 15. "Kazakh Scientific and Research 021700, Akmola region, Burabay district, Schuchinsk Institute of Forestry" city, Kirov st., 58 16. LLP "Kazakh Research Institute of Soil 050060, Almaty, Al-Farabi Avenue 75в Science and Agrochemistry named after U.Uspanova" 17. -
An Ecological Disaster of the Aral Sea
An Ecological Disaster of the Aral Sea Behzod Gaybullaev(1) , Su-Chin CHEN (2), Tohir Mahmudov (3) PhD Research Fellow(1), Professor and Chairman (2), Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 407, Taiwan, R.O.C. Researcher(3), Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Abstract This study examined the effect of psychosocial factors and ecological perceptions on self-rated health in the ecological devastated Aral Sea area of Karakalpakstan. The Amudarya and Syrdarya delta region contains surface and groundwater resources that discharge into the shrinking Large Aral Sea and ultimately control its future fate. These freshwater resources are prerequisites for sustaining the population of the region. However, salinization and pollution caused by agricultural irrigation is a key problem for these water systems. Here, we report results from a recent field measurement campaign conducted during April 2005 which included 24 monitoring wells located in an irrigated region of the Amudarya delta, thereby extending the historical data set of groundwater levels and salinity measurements. This data set is combined with corresponding data from a downstream, non- irrigated region that was formerly irrigated (together covering 16,100km2 between the Uzbek cities of Nukus and Muynak). This comparison shows that in the downstream region, which is currently not irrigated, shallow groundwater are far more saline (average 23g l/l) than the currently irrigated region (average 3g l/l).. We estimate that the unconfined aquifer within the 13,500km2 non-irrigated zone of study area contains 9 billion tons of salt, or almost as much salt as the entire Aral Sea (containing 11 billion tons of salt and covering an area of 20,000km2 in year 2000). -
Meeting Incentive Congress Ev
MORDOVIYA CHUVASHSKAYA Naberezhnnyye Chelny Kamensk-Ural'skiy Ishim RESP. RESP. Chistopol' a lg TOMSKAYA o RESPUBLIKA Shadrinsk V RUSSIAN FEDERATIONIrtysh OBLAST' TATARSTAN TYUMENSKAYA KURGANSKAYA OMSKAYA Tomsk Simbirsk CHELYABINSKAYA OBLAST' NOVOSIBIRSKAYA PENZENSKAYA Al'met'yevsk m UL'YANOVSKAYA Kurgan i Zlatoust h s Omsk OBLAST' I Bulayevo OBLAST' OBLAST' Dimitrovgrad Chelyabinsk OBLAST' Kuybyshev Miass Mamlyutka Oktyabr'skiy Ufa Petropavlosk OBLAST' l o Kuznetsk KemerovoKEMEROVSKAYA b o Ozero Chany Tol'yatti OBLAST' T RESPUBLIKA Novosibirsk Ozero Ozero Syzran' Teke OBLAST' Troitsk Shaglyteniz Ozero Leninsk-Kuznetskiy Samara Sterlitamak Ul'ken-Karoy a Ordynskoye g Kishkenekol' l Ir o Komsomolets Sergeyevka SEVERNYY ty SAMARSKAYA BASHKORTOSTAN Borovskoy s V Fedorovka Ozero h Siletiteniz OBLAST' KAZAKHSTAN Irtyshsk O Novokuznetsk Balakovo Magnitogorsk b' Kokshetau Kustanay Uritskiy Kachiry Saratov ORENBURGSKAYA Shchuchinsk Barnaul OBLAST' Rudnyy Karatomarskoye Makinsk SARATOVSKAYA Vodokhranilishche Ozero Kushmurun Aksu Shcherbakty Lisakovsk Ozero Aleysk ol Kushmurun Karasor Tob Biysk al Semiozernoye m Pavlodar OBLAST' Ur Orenburg hi Zhitikara Is Ural'sk Akkol' Yereymentau Ekibastuz ALTAYSKIY KRAY Yesil' Atbasar i Aksay U t r U PAVLODARSKAYA r e a Gorno-Altaysk r d l i Akku a AKMOLINSKAYA OBLAST' S h Rubtsovsk O l Is OBLAST' b Ozero Orsk him ' Shalkar ASTANA Chapayevo RESPUBLIKA Zhympity Ozero Derzhavinsk Ozero Osakarovka OBLAST' Kuyukhol' Kozhakol' ALTAY Ir Shemonaikha ZAPADNYY Kiyevka tysh Aktyubinsk KUSTANAYSKAYA Semipalatinsk Shalkar -
Echo's Newton Takes a Spin!
Sighteseeing at Jinga Shire gate in Lake Biwa, Japan. I A AS Lake Biwa J A P A N Hiking around Lake Titicaca and “Hi from Lake Biwa in Japan! Creepy... a legend says a giant carp eats people who a Peruvian girl at the market. drown in this lake! Do people tell any weird stories about Lake Champlain?” RI AME CA H Swimming at Pictured Rocks T National Lakeshore. U P a E O Lake R S U Titicac & “Whew! I had to climb to 12,500 feet (3,810 meters) TH A B M A R O I E V L I O R N I above sea level to see Lake Titicaca! How many times Lake C A Superior higher is that than Lake Champlain’s elevation?” A S C U A N & A D Running along the shore A of Lake Issyk-kul. “Hmm… If Lake Champlain ON is 120 miles long and Lake WT TAK Superior is 2.9 times longer E ES than Lake Champlain, how N S A long is Lake Superior?” ’ S O math P H I Temple festival near Lake Baikal. science N C E ! SIA “It’s so cool that the A R U social studies E L word for lake here s Lake kul a is “kul!” What are K k e Issyk- R Y G some other words k Y e S N T A a for Lake? ” C language arts L “It was so great to see Lake Baikal’s h freshwater seals! Can you name some a ’s m ld mammals that live in Lake Champlain? pl or Are any endangered?” ain to the W SIA A R U Meeting the Lake Issyk-kul game E R warden and his family. -
46933-014: Initial Environment Examination
Initial Environment Examination Report Project Number: 46933 March 2015 KAZ: Akmola Electricity Distribution Network Modernization and Expansion Project Prepared by LLP “TITECO” For Akmola Electricity Distribution Company JSC This Initial Environment Examination Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation or reference to a particular territory or geographic are in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination(IEE) Document status: Final draft [November 2014] PROJECT ―RECONSTRUCTION OF 110/10 KV ASTANA SUBSTATION― for ―AkmolaElectricity Distribution Company‖ JSC to be submitted to Asian Development Bank Prepared by LLP ―TITECO‖ 110/10 kV Astana Substation ReconstructionIEE CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 LIST OF TABLES 5 LIST OF FIGURES 6 ABBREVIATIONS 7 REVIEW 9 I INTRODUCTION 11 1. Purposeand content of the Project 11 2. Description of AEDC production facilities 12 2.1 Review of Akmola Electricity Distribution Company 12 2.2 AEDC organizational chart 17 2.3 Information of AEDC personnel 19 3. Brief description of planned work for reconstruction of substation «Astana» 26 3.1 Reconstruction of 110/10 kv Astana Substation 26 3.2 Methodology and scope of the study 36 II KAZAKSHTAN AND AKMOLA REGION 37 4. Kazakhstan 37 5.