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Perfil Nacional De Riesgos 2018 PERFIL NACIONAL DE RIESGOS Diciembre de 2018 SECRETARÍA DE SALUD SUBSECRETARÍA DE PREVENCIÓN Y PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE EPIDEMIOLOGÍA DIRECCIÓN GENERAL ADJUNTA DE EPIDEMIOLOGÍA DIRECCIÓN DE INVESTIGACIÓN OPERATIVA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA UNIDAD DE INTELIGENCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA Y SANITARIA PERFIL NACIONAL DE RIESGOS 2018 Dr. Javier Montiel Perdomo Director de Investigación Operativa Epidemiológica Dra. Ana Lucia De La Garza Barroso Dr. Alessio David Scorza Gaxiola Médicos Adscritos a la Unidad de Inteligencia Epidemiológica y Sanitaria. Diciembre/2018 Página 1 | 200 PERFIL NACIONAL DE RIESGOS Diciembre de 2018 Dirección General de Epidemiología Dr. Cuitláhuac Ruiz Matus Director General de Epidemiología Dra. María Eugenia Jiménez Corona Directora General Adjunta de Epidemiología Dr. José Alberto Díaz Quiñonez Director General Adjunto del InDRE Dirección General Adjunta de Epidemiología Dr. Arturo Revuelta Herrera Director de Información Epidemiológica Biól. José Cruz Rodríguez Martínez Director de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Enfermedades Transmisibles Dra. María del Rocío Sánchez Díaz Directora de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Enfermedades no Transmisibles Dr. Javier Montiel Perdomo Director de Investigación Operativa Epidemiológica Página 2 | 200 PERFIL NACIONAL DE RIESGOS Diciembre de 2018 Contenido INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................................... 7 RIESGO SISMOLÓGICO ............................................................................................................. 9 INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................................... 9 ANTECEDENTES ................................................................................................................................. 10 HISTORIA DE LOS SISMOS EN MÉXICO .............................................................................................. 10 CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS SISMOS ........................................................................................................ 12 PANORAMA NACIONAL ACTIVIDAD SÍSMICA; MÉXICO 2018. ....................................................... 14 DAÑOS A LA SALUD EN UN SISMO ..................................................................................................... 15 FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA MORBILIDAD Y LA MORTALIDAD POR TERREMOTOS. .......... 16 MEDIDAS DE PREVENCIÓN Y CONTROL. .................................................................................................. 17 MODELO PROBABILISTA DEL RIESGO ..................................................................................................... 18 BIBLIOGRAFÍA. .............................................................................................................................................. 19 RIESGO VOLCÁNICO .............................................................................................................. 20 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................................. 20 ANTECEDENTES DE EVENTOS ERUPTIVOS EN MÉXICO. .................................................................. 21 PANORAMA ACTUAL .......................................................................................................................... 21 PRINCIPALES VOLCANES EN MÉXICO ................................................................................................ 23 VOLCÁN POPOCATÉPETL .................................................................................................................. 25 VOLCÁN DE COLIMA .......................................................................................................................... 27 DAÑOS A LA SALUD ............................................................................................................................ 29 IRRITANTES .................................................................................................................................................... 29 CENIZA ............................................................................................................................................................. 30 EFECTOS PRINCIPALES EN EL AMBIENTE. ............................................................................................... 31 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ............................................................................................................................................... 31 RIESGO METEOROLÓGICO ................................................................................................... 32 CICLONES TROPICALES ................................................................................................................ 32 ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS DE LOS CICLONES TROPICALES EN MÉXICO. ..................... 33 DAÑOS A LA POBLACIÓN E INFRAESTRUCTURA EN SALUD .................................................... 36 PRONÓSTICO 2018 .......................................................................................................................... 37 POSIBLES ESCENARIOS ............................................................................................................................ 37 TSUNAMIS ..................................................................................................................................................... 38 DAÑOS A LA INFRAESTRUCTURA ....................................................................................................... 38 SEQUÍAS ......................................................................................................................................................... 39 Clasificación de las Sequías .................................................................................................................. 39 Clasificación de la intensidad de la sequía de acuerdo al monitor de sequía de américa del norte (NADM). ............................................................................................................................................ 39 Origen y características de las sequías ................................................................................................. 40 INCENDIOS FORESTALES ........................................................................................................................ 41 NEVADAS ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 INESTABILIDAD DE LADERAS ............................................................................................................... 43 EROSIÓN ........................................................................................................................................................ 44 Clasificación de la erosión ....................................................................................................................... 45 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ............................................................................................................................................ 45 TEMPERATURAS EXTREMAS ........................................................................................................ 46 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................................... 46 PANORAMA ................................................................................................................................................... 47 DAÑOS A LA SALUD ................................................................................................................................... 49 Página 3 | 200 PERFIL NACIONAL DE RIESGOS Diciembre de 2018 PRONÓSTICO ................................................................................................................................................ 49 FRENTE FRÍO ............................................................................................................................................... 50 PANORAMA ................................................................................................................................................... 51 DAÑOS A LA SALUD ................................................................................................................................... 52 PRONÓSTICO ................................................................................................................................................ 52 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ............................................................................................................................................ 53 RIESGOS QUÍMICOS ............................................................................................................... 55 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................................... 55 INTOXICACIÓN POR DERRAME DE METALES PESADOS Y LIXIVIADOS. .............................. 55 INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................................................... 55 ANTECEDENTES DE EVENTOS ............................................................................................................... 56 DAÑOS A LA SALUD ..................................................................................................................................
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