Ukrainehegemony • Sovereignty Matters • Hegemony Vs Freedom • Post-Colonialism
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Issue 2 (24), 2021 POSTCOLONIALISM SOVEREIGNTY DEVELOPMENT STATEHOOD INTERDEPENDENCE GLOBALIZATION IDENTITY LUBLIN TRIANGLE INDEPENDENCE TRANSFORMATION POSTSOVIET UKRAINE INTERESTS HEGEMONY HISTORY UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (24), 2021 SUPRANATIONAL • SOVEREIGNTY MATTERS • HEGEMONY VS FREEDOM • POST-COLONIALISM 1 BOARD OF ADVISERS Dr. Dimitar Bechev (Bulgaria, Director of the European Policy Institute) Issue 2 (24), 2021 Dr. Iulian Chifu Analysis and Early Warning Center) (Romania, Director of the Conflict Independence Amb., Dr. Sergiy Korsunsky (Ukraine, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentionary of Ukraine to Japan) Editors Dr. Igor Koval (Ukraine, Rector of Odessa National Dr. Hanna Shelest University by I.I. Mechnikov) Dr. Mykola Kapitonenko Marcel Röthig (Germany, Director of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Ukraine) Publisher: Published by NGO “Promotion of Intercultural (United Kingdom, Head of the Russia Cooperation” (Ukraine), Centre of International James Nixey and Eurasia Programme at Chatham House, the Royal Institute of International Affairs) of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Studies (Ukraine), with the financial support Foundation in Ukraine, the Black Sea Trust. Dr. Róbert Ondrejcsák (Slovakia, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Slovak UA: Ukraine Analytica Republic to the United Kingdom of Great Britain analytical journal in English on International and Northern Ireland) is the first Ukrainian Relations, Politics and Economics. The journal is aimed for experts, diplomats, academics, Amb., Dr. Oleg Shamshur Ukraine, former students interested in the international Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary relations and Ukraine in particular. of Ukraine to France) Contacts: Dr. Stephan De Spiegeleire (The Netherlands, website: http://ukraine-analytica.org/ Director Defence Transformation at The Hague e-mail: [email protected] Center for Strategic Studies) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ ukraineanalytica Ivanna Klympush-Tsintsadze (Ukraine, Twitter: https://twitter.com/UA_Analytica Head of the Parliamentary Committee on European Integration) The views and opinions expressed in articles are those of the authors and do not Dr. Dimitris Triantaphyllou (Greece, Director of the Center for International and European Studies, Analytica, its editors, Board of Advisors or Kadir Has University (Turkey)) necessarily reflect the position of UA: Ukraine donors. Dr. Asle Toje (Norway, Vice Chair of the Nobel ISSN 2518-7481 Committee, Research Director at the Norwegian Nobel Institute) 500 copies UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (24), 2021 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE PRICE AND VALUE OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION 3 Alina Hrytsenko RUSSIA’S QUEST FOR REGIONAL HEGEMONY: APPEARANCES VS REALITIES 12 Silviu NATE ATYPICAL POST-COLONIALISM: UKRAINE IN GLOBAL POLITICAL THOUGHT 19 Volodymyr Yermolenko POST-SOVIET SOVEREIGNTY AND UKRAINE’S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT 26 Mykhailo Minakov UKRAINE: BUILDING INTERNAL STABILITY 35 Yevhen Mahda INDEPENDENCE AND THE LUBLIN TRIANGLE INITIATIVE 41 Michał Wojda and Aleksandra Wojtaszewska 2 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (24), 2021 THE PRICE AND VALUE OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION Alina Hrytsenko National Institute for Strategic Studies Every state has its own strengths and weaknesses. In theory, each state considers these when designing its national and foreign policy, free from external influence and thus manifesting its independence or sovereignty. Nevertheless, each state is also a member of the international community, so in terms of policy-making it has to consider current world development trends, one of which is globalization. Globalization is accompanied by state interdependence, which unavoidably leads to the erosion of sovereignty. This is particularly evident in large interstate entities such as the European Union. This article presents research into the current challenges and consequences of globalization, transformation and the meaning of political independence / state sovereignty today, and current approaches to safeguarding state sovereignty in the EU. Introduction the establishment of transcontinental alliances. These processes have been Globalization in its broadest sense can state to develop in an isolationist way. At interconnectedness and interdependence. thishappening point in because history, of isolated the difficulties states tend for toa Itbe is defineda progressive as a processdeepening of convergence, worldwide stagnate. Hence, globalization is necessary by which connections and exchanges among for progressive development and the different countries of different regions functioning of a state in the international all over the world are strengthened. This arena. areas of contemporary life – economic, International cooperation is becoming more process is all-pervasive, influencing all the institutionalized. A fundamental premise of environmental, and so on. the international legal system is the primacy financial, cultural, political, technological, of international law over national. Under the As a complex and dynamic phenomenon, conditions of globalization and expanding globalization encompasses a great variety international cooperation, states are making of tendencies and trends. On the one hand, more and more treaties on a variety of there is a trend towards homogeneity, synchronization, integration, unity, and growing number and scope of international versatility. Under the current world commitments.issues and, thus, findThe themselvesentire system bound byof a international law is becoming more across the globe can be observed and the complicated and intricate, supplemented by reinforcementorder, the unification of integration of legal frameworksprocesses ever-new conventions, agreements, pacts in all possible manifestations, as well as and other binding documents. UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (24), 2021 3 Moreover, the institutionalization results in unchanged and indisputable – territorial an increasing number of different sorts of supremacy and the independence of the international organizations and “clubs.” Such state in the international arena. They are platforms discuss key international issues inextricably interlinked and mutually and make important decisions. The scale of predetermine each other. Territorial global problems, such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), state is sovereign within its territory, since theresupremacy is no higherreflects authority the real over fact the that state. the cybercrime, famine, shortage of fresh water, pandemics,international environmental terrorism, drug disasters, trafficking, and much more, turns out to be incomparable with the capabilities of even large, highly International organizations developed states to solve them. Obviously, are gradually gaining a overcoming these challenges is possible only «broader scope of real power through shared endeavour, that is, by means and the ability to impose their of supranational regulation. decisions on sovereign states, often regarding issues not only of International organizations are gradually foreign but also of domestic policy gaining a broader scope of real power and the ability to impose their decisions on sovereign states, often regarding issues not The concept of “sovereignty” in modern only of foreign but also of domestic policy. legal terminology has such characteristics Such organizations normally have a core, as the existence of its own institutions of consisting of the richest, most developed government, the supreme power to carry out its countries, and it is their position that is will independently, the exercise of power with process. By extension, some states are facing of the state to participate equally and fully in amost stronger significant impact in fromthe externaldecision-making factors internationalno external influence organizations, or pressure, unions, the abilitypacts, regarding national policy-making. treaties, and so on. However, these classical features are already outdated. Globalization As a result, unwillingness to suffer the has led to the emergence of a single economic negative effects and consequences of and political space, which, in turn, affects the globalization, and to become dependent foundations of the nation state. on the standpoint of alliances has led to the spread of new alternative trends: localization, heterogeneity, differentiation, of national sovereignty has always been diversity, and particularism. Such The question of the integrity and firmness tendencies are emerging primarily as an European Union. attempt to counteract the damaging effects acute for such a specific association as the of globalization on national sovereignty. Sovereign vs Supranational in the EU The Transformation of Classical In recent years, both at the level of the “Sovereignty” European Commission and of individual European states, active discussions have The spread of globalization is transforming been underway about the status and the traditional notion of sovereignty as prospects of various aspects of European the external independence and internal and national security with which the issues supremacy of the state. Two legal features of European identity and “Europeanism” are that characterize sovereignty remain closely intertwined. 4 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (24), 2021 There are two opposite tendencies within in some EU countries, especially Hungary the EU. On the one hand, after the adoption and Poland, a strengthening of the positions of a series of treaties