180 MONTHLY REVIEW. APRIL,.1918 ing surface, and the method of expressin amount of EABTEQUAgE WEATHEB. eva oration by de th of water evaporatefis justified. The term “ weather” is often encountered in , Wi& the former v 3ue of n the depth of water evaporated but meteorological textbooks do not mention it. Those who use the varies inversel as the square root of the radius of the term are unalll~~lousin referrin to a condition of hot and calm weather, dish.-22. C[mLs]. without much , but usuafly more or leas haze. The condition is not greatly unlike that which usdly precedes a summer afternoon thunderstorm in the Middle West. AEthe term “earthquake weather” BEDETEBMINATION OF HEAT OF VAPOBIZATION OF hae not yet become commonplace in ecientific literature it would be WATE3.O intereating to learn what eismo1oa$t.a think about the matter. The above aragraph appears in a recent issue of the By J. H. MATHEWS. Bulletin of $e Seismologmal Society of America1 in [Rtprinted/rom Science Abstracts, Sect. A, Jan. 31,1918, 77.1 comment on the statement by Wendell P. Ho e, of the The author has redetermined the heat ?f va orization Mount Wilson Solar Observatory, that the ’quafe of July of water, using the method devised by Richar Bs apd the 15, 1917, 11:05 a. m. at that observatory came with- author [Abstract (1911)l. The apparatus employed Weather partly cloudy. south, 3 mia./hr., relative humidity 902 about 30 er cent, temperature 57’. General character of the weather has been improved more especially by the subshtution for Beveraf days such 88 often apoken of 88 “earthquake weather.” of a vaporizer made of transparent uartz for those made of glass; and a better type of adia% otic calorimeter Readers of the MONTHLYWEATHER REVIEW ma be has been introduced. The water equivalent of the interested in the following summary of what has teen calorimetric system havin been accurate1 determined, published on the subject so far in these es. the author found that t% e heat require1 to vaporize So& Austrazhz.-Geo. H. Styles, ofyort Caroline, 1 true gram of water pinto a vacuum at 100’ is 539.0 South Australia, re orted that during the month pre- calories,,.. Using another value of the water equivalent ceding the earthquaI e of May 10,1897, there, the weather of the apparatus determined by an electrical method, had been thick and squall with the wind d round the the value for the heat of vaponzation was found to be com ass. On the day of &e disturbance the wind force, 540.0 calories,,., a number that is in ood agreement with whiz had been 6 to 8 for several days, feu to 2; the that obtained by Smith, viz, 540.7 ca ories.-A. F[idln.lJ]. direction from the northeast and the weather hewith P Ci.St. . At the same place in 1900 to March, 1901, uakes wore accompanied b a sky usually covered with’5l eavy Cu., SUGGESTIONS AS TO TEE CONDITIONS PBECEDENT TO “one or two oP them bright, as though lighted by the TEE OCCUREENCE OF SUMMER TEUNDEBSTOBMS. WITH moon, even during the darkest moonless nights.” The SPECIAL BEFEBENCE TO TEAT OF JUNE 14, 1914. cumuli never coalesced but if one overtook another they By J. FAIRQRIEVE. were mutually repelled, drifting away in feather flakes and dissolving into clear sk before reaching the Lrizon. (Ahtract of a paper presented to the Royal Meteorological Society, London, Apr. 17, The sb was no longer the v, lue of the old days but of a 1918. milky, watery color.z [Rep~inted/romNature, London, May 1,1918,101: 179.1 Jamaica, B. W.1.-Maxwell Hall reports that there The paper deals articularly with the thunderstorm of are not enough earth uakes in Jamaica to permit a com- June 14, 1914. T% e meteorological phenomena accom- plete investigation 3 a possible relationship between panying the rainfall are put on record. The cloud dis- them and weather phenomena. He states that the cause tribution, the barometnc pressure, the wind movements, of the oppressivB weather noticed before an earthquake and the temperature are specially dealt with. From an is the stopping or diminution of the wind. The barom- examination of the data it is evident that the clouds eter is also aflected and St. tends to form.’ and the rainfields lie in arallel belts, and that the Japn.--Omori found that maximum earthquake former appear some hours &+fore the rain begins to fdl. activity generally coincides With times of high atmos- It is suggested that thls belting of wind and Tain may be pheric pressures; but that just the reverse is true at due to rippling on a large scale, the rippling being brought some stations where it usually is accompanied by low about by the interaction of two currents of different barometric readings. The a parent contradiction has temperatures. If the conditions are unstable, and been explained away b Dr. 2. Honcla.4 especially if relief also induces disturbance, thunder- Cdijimia.-The Ca&ornia earthquake of April 18, storms will develop along lines of ri pling, and will 1906, called forth an interesting pa er from San ban- drift with the wind. Thunderstorms Rave apparently cisco students: in which the atmosp?I eric conditions are three movements, a development along a belt, a side- described and commented on.. That morning-the ways movement in the direction of the prevailin wind, weather map.for the dax indicates the conditions through- i. e., to leeward, and a s read to windward. defirst out the Umted States just a few minutes previous to the may be due to ri pling; t?I e second is a drift; the third ’ uake-ww clear and leasant over the greater ortion ma be explainel if it is granted that a local ridge of 01 the Pacific coast. 1 HIGH was moving ate& I;. y and higi pressure develops along the axis of the thunder- somewhat slowly eastward across Idaho, and the pressure storm. The thunderstorm then breaks up-into two distribution was of a t e that prevails when certain belts, of which the leeward soon dies out owmg to the occur in afornia. While experience in lack of a supply of rising air. 1 &a Andrew e.Palmer: Califor,piaearthyuakea during 1917. Bull., Selsm. soe. Amer- ica, Stanford Unwerslt ,WSomm. March, lUl8 8: 10. sstylcs, am. H. 6‘&thyuakes, clouds, end galea at Port Carolha, So. Austr.” MONTRLYWEATHER REVIEW, +nuary, lSOa,30 10. I Hall Maarwrll. The Jamaica weather SNh. MONTHLYWEATHER REVIEW, Topographic conditions from Allegheny Front east- Jul 18b8 26 304 d& dmura’s’abstract d Honda’s paper “Daily periodic chan s in the level d ward specially favor studies testing this theory.--a. A. jr. artesian wolls In la n. MONTEIY WEATHE;REVJEW Jul ,1W5,8 303-304. 6R{,%?r & McA%. Phenomena connected wlth he Jan Francisco earthquake. 9 Jour. phps. chem., October, 1917,21: 536-568. MO~KLYWEATHEX REVIEW, November, 1907,3k 505.

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