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Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs November 27, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30981 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Summary With five successive elected civilian governments, the Central American nation of Panama has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Antonio Noriega from power. Current President Ricardo Martinelli of the center-right Democratic Change (CD) party was elected in May 2009, defeating the ruling center-left Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in a landslide. Martinelli was inaugurated to a five-year term on July 1, 2009. Martinelli’s Alliance for Change coalition with the Panameñista Party (PP) also captured a majority of seats in Panama’s National Assembly. Panama’s service-based economy has been booming in recent years – with a growth rate of 7.6% in 2010 and 10.6% in 2011 – largely because of the ongoing Panama Canal expansion project, now slated for completion in early 2015. The CD’s coalition with the PP fell apart at the end of August 2011when President Martinelli sacked PP leader Juan Carlos Varela as Foreign Minister. Varela, however, retains his position as Vice President. Tensions between the CD and the PP had been growing throughout 2011, largely related to which party would head the coalition’s ticket for the 2014 presidential election. Despite the breakup of the coalition, the strength of the CD has grown significantly since 2009 because of defections from the PP and the PRD and it now has a majority on its own in the legislature. -
Theodore Roosevelt's Big-Stick Policy
THEODORE ROOSEVELT'S BIG-STICK POLICY - In 1901, only a few months after being inaugurated president for a second time, McKinley was killed by an anarchist - Succeeding him was the vice president-the young expansionist and hero of the Spanish-American War, Theodore Roosevelt - Describing his foreign policy, the new president had once said that it was his motto to "speak softly and carry a big stick" - The press therefore applied the label "big stick" to Roosevelt's aggressive foreign policy - By acting decisively in a number of situations, Roosevelt attempted to build the reputation of the U.S. as a world power - Imperialists liked him, but critics of the big-stick policy disliked breaking from the tradition of noninvolvement in global politics THE PANAMA CANAL - As a result of the Spanish-American War, the new American empire stretched from Puerto Rico to the Philippines in the Pacific - As a strategy for holding these islands, the U.S. needed a canal in Central America to connect the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans REVOLUTION IN PANAMA - Roosevelt was eager to begin the construction of a canal through the narrow but rugged terrain of the isthmus of Panama - He was frustrated that Colombia controlled Panama & refused to agree to U.S. terms for digging the canal through Panama - Losing patience with Colombia, Roosevelt supported a revolt in Panama in 1903 - With U.S. backing, the rebellion succeeded immediately and almost without bloodshed - The first act of the new gov't of independent Panama was to sign a treaty (the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903) granting the U.S. -
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW March 1, 1957 Willing Hands of Volunteers Balboa Heights Office Built New Little League Park Moves Will Begin Soon
Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum Vol. 7, No. 8 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, MARCH 1, 1957 5 cents 9 Renamed N. Y. Office Carnival s Coming Now Has Three Major Operating Divisions A reorganization of the Panama Canal Company's New York Office, dividing its functions among three major units, be- comes effective today. The reorganized office will be known henceforth as the New York Operations. It will comprise three units: The Pro- curement Division, which was formerly part of th"? Supply and Employee Service Bureau; the Steamship Division, which is concerned wr ith the operation of the Panama Line; and the New York Ac- counting Division, which will handle the fiscal aspects of the New York Office. Lester A. Ferguson, until recently Chief Procurement Officer, has been appointed General Manager of the New York Oper- is personified this from Balboa High School. sang ations. He is succeeded as Chief of the CARNIVAL SPIRIT by murga They and played at the Carnival flag-raising in Balboa last week and will take part in other carnival festivities. In the usual Procurement Division by John J. Barton. order, they are: Orlando Xufiez, Edgar Ameglio, Chipi Azcarraga, Victor Herr, B. H. S. Director of Music, Chief of the Steam- E. H. Harms remains Rolando Chanis, Don Randel, Antonio Revilla, Sonia Caiias, and Joline Clare. (For a story on the w-hy's ship Division, and Peter DeStefano heads and wherefores of Carnival, see page 8.) the newly-independent Accounting Divi- sion, with the title of Assistant Comp- troller-New York. Health Bureau Wins Annual Independent Action The change has been made to coordi- Safety Cup For Third Time nate the operations more closely and to In a ceremony scheduled for today as well as safety representatives from the strengthen management controls. -
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1956 Zonians by Thousands Will Go to Polls on Tuesday to Elect Civic Councilmen
if the Panama Canal Museum Vol. 7, No. 4 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, NOVEMBER 2, 1956 5 cents ANNIVERSARY PROGRAM TO BE HELD NOVEMBER 15 TO CELEBRATE FIFTIETH BIRTHDAY OF TITC TIVOLI Detailed plans are nearing completion for a community mid-centennial celebra- tion, to be held November 15, commem- orating the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of the Tivoli Guest House. Arrangements for the celebration are in the hands of a committee headed by P. S. Thornton, General Manager of the Serv- ice Center Division, who was manager of the Tivoli for many years. As the plans stand at present, the cele- bration will take the form of a pageant to be staged in the great ballroom of the old hotel. Scenes of the pageant will de- pict outstanding events in the history of the building which received its first guests when President Theodore Roosevelt paid his unprecedented visit to the Isthmus November 14-17, 1906. Arrangements for the pageant and the music which will accompany it are being made by Victor, H. Herr and Donald E. Musselman, both from the faculty of Balboa High School. They are working with Mrs. C. S. McCormack, founder and first president cf the Isthmian Historical Society, who is providing them with the historical background for the pageant. Fred DeV. Sill, well-known retired em- ployee, is in charge of the speeches and introductions of the various incidents in HEADING THIS YEAR'S Community Chest Campaign are Lt. Gov. H. W. Schull, Jr., right, and the pageant. H. J. Chase, manager of the Arnold H. -
Panama Canal B
• R.A.W. AIM ` Where is •Why did PANAMA? the U.S. build the Panama Canal? Legacy?? In his annual messages to Congress in 1904 and 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine. The corollary stated that not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries. I. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine •TR believed that the U.S. could “intervene” in the affairs of South American countries if American interests were at stake. •The Policeman of the Western Hemisphere! II. The Big Stick Policy • “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” • Ask nicely but always have the threat of war! • TR would use the “Big Stick” in Columbia. •U.S. Navy = The Big Stick. III. The Panama Canal •Navy and merchant ships could move more quickly between the two oceans •By 1903, the U.S. gained the rights to resume construction •It would be under U.S. control but open to everyone • Born in the Panama Canal Zone 1936 • Coco Solo Naval Station • 2008 Presidential Candidate(Lost to President Obama) IV. American Influence in Panama •Roosevelt “encouraged” the Panamanians to revolt against Columbia for independence •Panama won and gave the U.S. a 99 year lease on a “canal zone” 10 miles wide V. What Impact did the Panama Canal have on the U.S.A.? •INCREASED TRADE •2 ocean navy LOCKS Panama City TODAY The opening of the waterway to world commerce on August 15, 1914, represented the realization of a heroic dream of over 400 years. -
Panama-Canal-Daily-Information
Good Day, A. Panama Canal Authority Notices& Advisories to Shipping Latest Advisory: A-56-2016 Requirements for Panamax Vessels when Transiting the Neopanamax Locks Latest Advisory: A-55-2016 Maximum Allowable Draft for Vessels Transiting the Neopanamax Locks Latest Advisory: A-54-2016 Suspension of Water Conservation Measures Latest Advisory: A-53-2016 Changes in Booking Date due to Availability of Additional Slots for Neopanamax Vessels Latest Advisory: A-52-2016 Monthly Canal Operations Summary SEPTEMBER – 2016 Latest Advisory: A-51-2016 Increase in Number of Booking Slots for Neopanamax Vessels Latest Advisory: A-50-2016 Pilot Portable Units for Newpanamax Vessels Latest Advisory: A-48-2016 Panama Canal Locks Lane Outage and the Transit Reservation System Latest Advisory: A-47-2016 Monthly Canal Operations Summary AUGUST 2016 – Latest Advisory: A-46-2016 Information on Escort Tug Requirements for Neopanamax Latest Advisory: A-45-2016 Change in the Effective Date for Booking of Neopanamax Passenger Vessels Latest Advisory: A-44-2016 Panama Canal Locks Lane Outage and the Transit Reservation System Latest Advisory: A-42-2016 Monthly Canal Operations Summary JULY 2016 – Latest Advisory: A-41-2016 Maximum Draft Update Neopanamax Locks Latest Advisory: A-40-2016 New buoys placed at the Atlantic Entrance to the Panama Canal Latest Advisory: A-36-2016 Modification to Minimum Visibility Requirements Latest Advisory: A-35-2016 Tariffs for Tug and Linehandler Services for Neopanamax Locks B. Present Waiting times for non-booked vessels Northbound Southbound Supers (91' in beam & over) 3 days 3 days Regulars (less than 91' beam) 3 days 3 days Please remember that the PCA offers the booking / auction system as an alternative to avoid delays and / or reserve a slot on a desire date, just please bear in mind that spaces are limited and in high demand which makes them difficult to obtain a slot if the customers are not regular Canal users. -
The Square Deal
Teddy Roosevelt - The Trust Buster Teddy Roosevelt was one American who believed a revolution was coming. He believed Wall Street financiers and powerful trust titans to be acting foolishly. He believed that large trusts and monopolies were harmful to the economy and especially to the consumer. While they were eating off fancy china on mahogany tables in marble dining rooms, the masses were roughing it. There seemed to be no limit to greed. If docking wages would increase profits, it was done. If higher railroad rates put more gold in their coffers, it was done. How much was enough, Roosevelt wondered? The President's weapon was the Sherman Antitrust Act, passed by Congress in 1890. This law declared illegal all combinations "in restraint of trade." For the first twelve years of its existence, the Sherman Act was a paper tiger. United States courts routinely sided with business when any enforcement of the Act was attempted. 1. What belief guided President Theodore Roosevelt’s efforts as a trustbuster? 2. What is a monopoly? Why are they harmful to the economy and to the consumer? 3. What piece of legislation did Roosevelt use to break up monopolies? The Square Deal The Square Deal was Roosevelt's domestic program formed on three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. In general, the Square Deal attacked plutocracy and bad trusts while simultaneously protecting businesses from the most extreme demands of organized labor. In contrast to his predecessor William McKinley, Roosevelt believed that such government action was necessary to mitigate social evil, and as president denounced “the representatives of predatory wealth” as guilty of “all forms of iniquity from the oppression of wage workers to defrauding the public." Trusts and monopolies became the primary target of Square Deal legislation. -
Procedures for Securing a Handline Transitof the Panama Canal
AUTORIDAD DEL CANAL DE PANAMÁ 4352‐I (NTOT‐A) Rev. 1‐1‐2020 PROCEDURES FOR SECURING A HANDLINE TRANSITOF THE PANAMA CANAL Small craft are vessels up to 38.1 meters (125 feet) in length overall, which normally transits the Canal as handlines, and do not use locomotives in the locks. Handlines under 20 meters (65 feet) in length overall will normally transit the Canal with a transit advisor; while handlines of 20 meters (65 feet) or more will normally require a pilot. The following are guidelines for yacht and other handlines interested in transiting the Panama Canal: 1. GUIDELINES FOR TRANSITING HANDLINES UNDER 125 FEET a. Before Arrival: All information required for transiting the Panama Canal must be submitted utilizing the Maritime Service Portal, at least 96 hours prior to arrival at Panama Canal waters. Since many small craft do not have a computer on board, the Admeasurement Office (Atlantic and Pacific), is available for assistance to collect all the information necessary to be introduced so it can be assigned an estimated time of arrival to the small craft, which allows to be inspected and subsequently be able to perform the transit. For more details, please read in our web‐ page http://www.pancanal.com/eng/ maritime/advisories/index.html all the advisories relating to the Maritime Service Portal. b. Arrival: Upon arrival at the Balboa Anchorage or Cristobal Breakwater, the vessel must contact the appropriate Signal Station announcing its arrival and requesting anchoring instructions. The Signal Station will direct the vessel to the anchorage and give any operational restrictions that may be in effect. -
Case Study Title
PANAMA – THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PANAMA CANAL WATERSHED (PCW), CASE #5 This case study is about the Panama Canal Watershed, its development in legal, technical and social terms, the problems encountered, and how an Integrated Water Resources Management approach could help it to be managed in a more sustainable way. ABSTRACT Description The Panama Canal Watershed (PCW) was developed when the Panama Canal was constructed (1904-1914). The PCW unites the basins of the Chagres and Grande Rivers into a single hydraulic system. The Chagres and Grande Rivers drain into the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, respectively. Damming the Chagres River provides water to operate the canal locks. By the mid 1930’s, an additional lake had been created in the upper basin of the Chagres River to increase the water storage capacity of the system. In 1999, the formal limits of the PCW were established by law and segments of the Indio, Caño Sucio and Coclé del Norte River Basins were added. All these rivers drain separately into the Atlantic Ocean to the north-west of the PCW. Under the Panama Canal Treaty (1977) the Republic of Panama was obliged to provide sufficient water for the operation of the Canal and for cities in the area. This led to the creation of several national parks, the promotion of sustainable development activities, and the implementation of base-line studies, all with support from USAID (United States Agency for International Development). A Panama Canal Authority (PCA) was created by Constitutional reform in 1994 which granted legal obligations and rights to manage the PCW. -
GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index
GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index A (General) Abeokuta: the Alake of Abram, Morris B.: see A (General) Abruzzi: Duke of Absher, Franklin Roosevelt: see A (General) Adams, C.E.: see A (General) Adams, Charles, Dr. D.F., C.E., Laura Franklin Delano, Gladys, Dorothy Adams, Fred: see A (General) Adams, Frederick B. and Mrs. (Eilen W. Delano) Adams, Frederick B., Jr. Adams, William Adult Education Program Advertisements, Sears: see A (General) Advertising: Exhibits re: bill (1944) against false advertising Advertising: Seagram Distilleries Corporation Agresta, Fred Jr.: see A (General) Agriculture Agriculture: Cotton Production: Mexican Cotton Pickers Agriculture: Department of (photos by) Agriculture: Department of: Weather Bureau Agriculture: Dutchess County Agriculture: Farm Training Program Agriculture: Guayule Cultivation Agriculture: Holmes Foundry Company- Farm Plan, 1933 Agriculture: Land Sale Agriculture: Pig Slaughter Agriculture: Soil Conservation Agriculture: Surplus Commodities (Consumers' Guide) Aircraft (2) Aircraft, 1907- 1914 (2) Aircraft: Presidential Aircraft: World War II: see World War II: Aircraft Airmail Akihito, Crown Prince of Japan: Visit to Hyde Park, NY Akin, David Akiyama, Kunia: see A (General) Alabama Alaska Alaska, Matanuska Valley Albemarle Island Albert, Medora: see A (General) Albright, Catherine Isabelle: see A (General) Albright, Edward (Minister to Finland) Albright, Ethel Marie: see A (General) Albright, Joe Emma: see A (General) Alcantara, Heitormelo: see A (General) Alderson, Wrae: see A (General) Aldine, Charles: see A (General) Aldrich, Richard and Mrs. Margaret Chanler Alexander (son of Charles and Belva Alexander): see A (General) Alexander, John H. Alexitch, Vladimir Joseph Alford, Bradford: see A (General) Allen, Mrs. Idella: see A (General) 2 Allen, Mrs. Mary E.: see A (General) Allen, R.C. -
New York State Canal Corporation Flood Warning and Optimization System
K19-10283720JGM New York State Canal Corporation Flood Warning and Optimization System SCOPE OF SERVICES K19-10283720JGM Contents 1 Background of the Project........................................................................................................... 3 2 Existing FWOS features ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Data Import Interfaces ............................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Numeric Models ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Hydrologic Model............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.2 Hydraulic Model .............................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Data Dissemination Interfaces .................................................................................................. 6 3 Technical Landscape ................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Software ................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.1 Systems......................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.2 FWOS Software .............................................................................................................. -
Notes on Some Panama Canal Zone Birds with Special Reference to Their Food
304 HxL.NxN,Notes on Panama Birds. [April[Auk NOTES ON SOME PANAMA CANAL ZONE BIRDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR FOOD. BY THOMAS HALLINAN. OBSERVATIONSwere made on the occurrence and the food, nestingand generalhabits of 440 collectedspecimens, including 159 species. The specimenshave beendeposited in the AmericanMuseum of Natural History, in New York City, and the identificationswere made by Mr. W. deW. Miller who has remarkableability as a taxonomist. The scientificpermit to collectthese birds was issuedby Gover- nor GeorgeW. Goethals. His administration, by enforcingthe existinglaws, on the Panama Canal Zone, providedprotection to the birdsand it hasmade this territory as desirableto the avifauna as someof the remote,uninhabited regions on the Isthmus. In the field work I had extensive aid from several men whose resourcefulnessand persistencyadded largely to the observations and their names,following, I subscribewith plcasurc.--Mr. Elliott F. Brown, Balboa, Canal Zone; Mr. Albert Horle, Cristobal, Canal Zone; Mr. Ernest Peterkin, United States Navy; Mr. P. T. Sealcy, New York City; Mr. Ezekiel Arnott Smith, Hartford, Conn.;and Mr. JoselibW. Smith,Sisson, Calif. The followinglist locatesthe stations,mentioned in this paper, with reference to the Panama Canal:-- Ancon Hill.--Near the Pacific entrance of the Canal. Balboa.--Near the Pacific entrance of the Canal. Casa Largo.--About 10 miles northeastof the junction of the ChagresRiver and the Canal, on the Atlantic Slope. Corozal.--Near the Pacific entrance of the Canal. Culcbra-ArraijanTrail.--gunning about 6 miles south, on the PacificSlope, from Culebraon the ContinentalDivide. Darien Radio Station.--On the Canal, about 22 miles from the Atlantic entrance,on the Atlantic Slope.