Musical

A is a melodic or harmonic point of resolution or rest at the end of musical phrases. There are six main cadences shown below.

Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC) Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC) This cadence goes from tonic to dominant. This cadence goes from tonic to dominant. The soprano and bass end on tonic. The soprano and bass are not the same pitch.

V I V I

Half Cadence (HC) Phrygian Cadence (PHC) (Not as common) This cadence ends on dominant. This cadence is only in minor and ends on V. A iv6 – V featuring at flat submediant in the bass.

I V iv6 V

Plagal Cadence (PC) Deceptive Cadence (DC) The cadence goes from subdominant to tonic. This cadence goes from dominant to submediant. Also known as the “Amen” cadence. Used to extend an idea by not returning to tonic.

IV I V vi

Non-harmonic (Non-chord) Tones

Chord and non-chord tones are defined by their membership in a chord. The pitches that make up a chord are called chord-tones: any other pitches are called non-chord tones. They are also defined by the time at which they sound Non-harmonic tones are pitches that sound along with a chord but are not chord pitches. > Passing Tone (PT) Accented Passing Tone (PT)

Approached by step and resolved by step Approached by step and resolved by step in the same direction, between two beats. in the same direction, placed on the .

Neighboring Tone (NT) Pedal Tone (PED)

Approached by step, resolved by step One note held while the chords change in the opposite direction. around it. Found often in the bass voice.

Cambiata (Changing Tone) (CT) Appoggiatura (APP)

Approached by step with two dissonant Approached by leap, resolved by step. tones that skip/leap, resolved by step. Anticipation (ANT) Echappeé (Escape Tone) (ET)

Approached by step and stays on same note. Approach by step, resolves by leap in the opposite direction.

7-6 Suspension (7-6 SUS) 4-3 Suspension (4-3 SUS)

Note from previous chord is held suspended Note from previous chord is held suspended into the next chord before it resolves down. into the next chord before it resolves down. Suspended note is a 7th above the bass and Suspended note is a 4th above the bass and resolves to a 6th above the bass. resolves to a 3rd above the bass.

9-8 Suspension (9-8 SUS) Retardation (RT)

Note from previous chord is held suspended Note from previous chord is held suspended into the next chord before it resolves down. into the next chord before it resolves UP. Suspended note is a 9th above the bass and resolves to a 8th above the bass.