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Local Knowledge and Socio-Economic Values of Picralima Nitida ((Stapf) Th

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Local Knowledge and Socio-Economic Values of Picralima Nitida ((Stapf) Th Academic year 2011-2012 LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUES OF PICRALIMA NITIDA ((STAPF) TH. & H. DURAND) IN THE HUMID FOREST ZONE OF CAMEROON Yakeu Djiam, Serge Eric Promoter: Prof. dr. ir. Patrick Van Damme Co-promoter: dr. ir. Zac Tchoundjeu Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the joint academic degree of International Master of Science in Rural Development from Ghent University (Belgium), Agrocampus Ouest (France), Humboldt University of Berlin (Germany), Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (Slovakia) and University of Pisa (Italy) in collaboration with Wageningen University (The Netherlands) This thesis was elaborated and defended at Ghent University, Department of Agricultural Economics within the framework of the European Erasmus Mundus Programme “Erasmus Mundus International Master of Science in Rural Development" (Course N° 2010-0114 – R 04-018/001) Certification This is an unpublished M.Sc. thesis and is not prepared for further distribution. The author and the promoters give the permission to use this thesis for consultation and to copy parts of it for personal use. Any other use is subject to the copyright laws, more specifically the source must be extensively specified when using results from this thesis. The Promoter: The Author Prof. dr. ir. Patrick Van Damme ir. Serge Eric Yakeu Djiam The Co-promoter: dr. ir. Zac Tchoundjeu Thesis online access release I hereby authorize the IMRD secretariat to make this thesis available online on the IMRD website The Author ir. Serge Eric Yakeu Djiam Abstract The present study was conducted in the villages of Nguila and Mbangassina of the humid forest zone of Cameroon with the aim of assessing local knowledge on and socio-economic values of Picralima nitida. It was carried out using a households’ questionnaire survey during which 65 respondents were interviewed using purposeful and snowball sampling methods. Secondary data have been collected from reports, publications and other official documents. Data have been analysed using SPSS 16.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results reveal that the species is growing naturally in forest (52 %) and on farms (30 %). Ninety-five percent of the respondents have free access in gathering the product with no exclusive control over the resource. P. nitida is mostly used to treat malaria, yellow fever, and typhoid fever, but often in combination with modern medicine. Half of the respondents (49%) mix the berries’ flesh of P. nitida with other products such as leaves of guava and Aloe vera, papaya stems, and citrus juice. They found P. nitida to be more effective than modern medicine in curing typhoid. Only one group of women healers was found in Mbangassina that makes traditional medicine from P. nitida. Ninety-five percent of the respondents affirm that their health has been greatly improved and the cost of health care for the identified diseases has been reduced by about 20 %. All household members are fully participating in the activity. On average, 12 % of household’s income was derived from sales of P. nitida. The product fully contributes to the need for the majority of respondents (58 %) in terms of saving in expense with regard to household cost for health care. The importance people attach to P. nitida is significantly related to their evaluation of its socio-economic values ((r=0.348), P-value (0.0025)). Males gave a significant higher mean value compared to females, thus they found the product more important than females (P-value (0.037)). There is no difference in product importance and the evaluation of its socio-economic values between age groups. The change in household welfare can be increased with increase in knowledge about medicine, places and forms of sales. Forest and environmental services should develop more educational activities to sensitize the population on sustainable resources management. Farmers should form in groups to improve their production and marketing capacities. Universities and research institutions should develop: (1) Ethnobothanical survey on P. nitida with a larger sample size in the main production sites of Cameroon; (2) Marketing research to identify the key challenges in the value-chain of the product; (3) Investigation on the domestication of the species using cost-effective production techniques for farmers; (4) Laboratory test analysis on the species to find probable side effects of the product; and (5) Organize an awareness seminar on P. nitida to give the opportunity to other actors to discover the species. ii Acknowledgements I am grateful to the Lord Almighty for having been my pillar and strength throughout this research and my studies. I express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to: - My promoter, Prof. dr. ir. Patrick Van Damme, Director of the Laboratory for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany of Ghent University, and my co-promoter, dr. ir. Zac Tchoundjeu, Regional Coordinator of the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF West and Central Africa) in Cameroon, for their positive support, supervision, guidance and advice during the preparation of the manuscript and development of this research. Special thanks to the co-promoter for his belief in my capacity to undertake such a challenge. - The staff of the Faculty of Bioscience Engineering of UGent, Pisa University and Wageningen University involved in the IMRD programme for the lectures as well as the Secretariat of IMRD in Ghent for their support and encouragements especially in the administration of this wonderful training programme. - The Development Cooperation Unit of Ghent University for the two years’ scholarship offer to support my training within the Erasmus Mundus consortium group. Especially, I am so grateful to Mrs Liesbeth Vandepitte for her constant assistance in the management of this grant. - The Scientific Research Committee of the Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, UGent, for the travel allowance provided to support my travel to Cameroon for the field work. - The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) managed by dr. ir. Ann Degrande, Senior Scientist at ICRAF for the grant support offer to cover the cost of data collection. Special thanks to her for comments and useful suggestions she provided. - Scientific and administrative staff of ICRAF for comments and permanent assistance provided during my stay in Cameroon. - dr. ir. Celine Termote for her scientific support provided in the development of the proposal and during thesis implementation. My stay in Ghent has been improved with her collaboration. iii - My IMRD fellow friends, especially Bojan Rantasa, Dragan Brkovic, Basavaraj Biradar, Lavlu Mozumdar, Claudia Piacenza and Gabriel Specht with whom I spent and shared my last year of study at Wageningen University. These moments are unforgettable and we built a family for which I wish long life for future collaboration. - My friends Christopher Amuoh, Patrick Sakyi, and Marcel Lakinyu, for the friendship we built in Ghent during our stay for this training. - Paulin Moudjo and Pierre Ngourrae who served as guides respectively in Nguilla (Ntui) and in Mbangassina, for their local support during my field work and data collection. I am also grateful to Alfred Bello from the Department of Forest and Wildlife of Ntui for his introduction support during this investigation. - Finally, my friends and family members for the permanent assistance offered to my spouse and daughters during my absence. May God bless you more than you can hope! iv Dedication To Emily Linda, Nathanael Shana, and Japheth Johane for their magnificent patience, support and encouragement during my two years of absence from the family. I am so grateful to you, my loves! v Table of Content Certification .................................................................................................................................... i Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... v Table of Content ........................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... ix List of Pictures ............................................................................................................................... x List of Annexes .............................................................................................................................. x Abbreviations and acronyms ....................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Problem statement ...............................................................................................................
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