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Hawaii State Energy Resources Annual Report 1993

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Hawaii State Energy Resources Annual Report 1993 THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED AND PUBLISHED BY THE HAWAII STATE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & TOURISM, THROUGH ITS ENERGY DIVISION, WITH FUNDING FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, GRANT No. DE-FG49-80CS62013. THE REPORT DOES NOT NECES­ SARILY REFLECT THE VIEWS OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. This report has been catalogued at follows: Hawaii. Energy Resources Coordinator. Report - Hawaii. Energy Resources Coordinator. Honolulu: Dept. of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, State ofHawaii, 1976- Annual 1. ENERGY POLICY - HAWAII. 1. HAWAII. DEPT. OF BUSINESS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM. HD.9502.H383.1993 TAB LE o F CONTENTS GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE ii ENERGY RESOURCES COORDINATOR'S OUTLOOK iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 ENERGY PLANNING 1 1 HAWAIl ENERGY STRATEGY PROGRAM 2 SEVEN PROJECTS IN THE HES 2 PROJECT 1: ANALYTICAL ENERGY FORECASTING MODEL 3 PROJECT 2: FOSSIL FUEL REVIEW AND ANALYSIS . 3 PROJECT 3: RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 5 PROJECT 4: DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) ASSESSMENT 6 PROJECT 5: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY STRATEGY 6 PROJECT 6: ENERGY VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT REPORT AND CONTINGENCY PLANNING 6 PROJECT 7: ENERGY STRATEGY, INTEGRATION AND EVALUATION 2 ALTERNATE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 8 BIOMASS 9 PRODUCING ENERGY FROM LANDFILL GAS 10 COAL 10 GEOTHERMAL 12 HYDROPOWER 13 OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION 14 SOLAR ENERGY 16 WIND POWER 3 CONSERVATION 19 STATE ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM 20 INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING 21 DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT 22 ENERGy-EFFICIENT LIGHTING AND EQUIPMENT 22 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROJECTS 26 RECYCLING 4 TRANSPORTATION 27 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONSERVATION 27 ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION FUELS 5 COMMUNICATION AND EDU~ATION 32 COMMUNICATION 34 EDUCATION 6 ENERGY EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 40 CONTINGENCY PLANNING 41 STATE AND COUNTY EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLANNING PROJECT 7 APPENDICES 44 A: ENERGY DATA 62 B: ENERGY PROGRAM FUNDING 63 C: WIND AND HYDROELECTRIC FACILITIES 65 D: 1992 ENERGY LEGISLATION ENACTED 67 E: DBEDT - ENERGY DIVISION 1993 PUBLICATIONS 68 F: ACRONYMS 69 G: TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS THE GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE Hawaii's economy cannot function without adequate electrical energy and transportation fuel. The imported petroleum on which we rely for most of our energy grows increasingly expen­ sive. The flow of oil from our main sources of supply will soon be drastically reduced, and we may be forced to depend upon the politically volatile Middle East. For this reason, our administration promoted energy conservation and efficiency pro­ grams while continuing to develop alternate and renewable energy resources and technologies. This promotion and development is being carried out on many fronts - by Federal, state and county govern­ ments and by organizations, planners, scientists and technicians in the private sector. As this report will tell you, their determined efforts are paying dividends in spite of obstacles that often seem insurmountable. I want to express my thanks to all of the dedicated individuals who are part of this vital undertaking. JOHN WAIHEE ENERGY RESOURCES COORDINATOR'S OUTLOOK As Energy Resources progress. As Hawaii's sugar industry continues to Coordinator (ERC) close plantations, supplies of bagasse from sugarcane for the State of are dwindling. However, new methods of producing Hawaii, I am pleased comparable biomass are being undertaken - and they to submit this report look promising. Ingenious new ways to improve the to the Governor, the design of mechanical equipment that use wind and Legislature and the water to produce electricity are additional examples of people of Hawaii. It the kind of innovation we find within our energy describes major community. The achievements of the last 12 months activities initiated or are extremely encouraging. completed during 1993 in energy The technical capabilities of the Hawaii Department planning, alternate energy development, conservation, of Business, Economic Development & Tourism staff communication, energy education and emergency members - plus the expertise they can draw upon preparedness. from outside sources - are ample assurance that we can expect continued progress. Governor John Hawaii is almost completely dependent upon imported Waihee's determination to succeed in the area of petroleum for the generation of electricity. For this indigenous, renewable energy provides us all with reason, the state is extremely vulnerable to energy much-needed support for our efforts. The Department's shortages caused by interruptions in supplies of oil. endeavors to inform the public have received greater­ than-expected responses to the need to conserve energy Hawaii gets most of its petroleum from Alaska and and support the development of renewable energy the Asia-Pacific region, but production is expected to resources and technologies for Hawaii. decrease drastically in those areas within the next few years. This may force the state to become more Nineteen ninety-three was a year of progress in the dependent upon petroleum from less-dependable energy field. I look forward to even greater accom­ sources. plishments in the year ahead. As Hawaii's population continues to grow, we will need increasing amounts of electrical power and transportation fuel. Our only option is to develop alternative sources of energy: biomass, hydropower, MUFI HANNEMANN wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy conversion, wave energy, coal, solar, phorovoltaic, and substitutes for purely petroleum transportation fuel. Thanks to the commitment of home owners, business people, engineers, scientists and planners in Hawaii's energy community, we are making significant EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During 1993, the Hawaii Department of Business, reduce production of air pollutants and greenhouse Economic Development & Tourism (DBEDT) and its gases through use of energy-efficient lighting systems. Energy Division moved forward on many fronts in the drive to plan Hawaii's energy future, produce alternative Mid-year brought a milestone in the geothermal forms of energy, use existing sources of power efficiently, arena. Puna Geothermal Venture (PGV) began bolster safeguards against energy emergencies, find generating 25 megawatts of electricity, thereby new types of transportation fuels and educate the helping reduce the Big Island's energy concerns. public on the necessity for using energy efficiently Preliminary assessment indicated the wells have and developing Hawaii's renewable energy resources tapped a productive resource that can support the and technologies. generation of additional power. DBEDT made further progress in implementing the Mid-1993 also produced an important development Hawaii Energy Strategy (HES) Program, which links in water-generated electricity when the Wailuku seven individual projects in a united effort to River Hydroelectric Power Plant on the Island of achieve an integrated State energy plan. By putting Hawaii came on line. At full output, the plant can this program into action, DBEDT is helping planners supply about 11,000 homes with electricity and and policy makers understand the State's current replace 83,000 barrels of imported oil a year. energy situation and work toward ideal solutions for large-scale energy problems. A two-year project in solar-powered transportation came to fruition in June 1993 when "Kaa La 0 DBEDT actively participated in the Integrated ("The Sun Car of Kauai") in a Resource Planning ORP) effort mandated by the nlVV-lllLllt: solar powered on the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) in 1992. The Kauai College project Notable goals are to encourage aggressive programs promises to foster that promote on the part of the utilities to maximum use of resources. existing resources, diversify their avoid construction of costly new power in the a Konawaena School team drove their photovoltaic-powered The year 1993 brought pursuit of additional signifi­ across the U.S. mainland in 41 setting a new cant initiatives aimed at using energy efficiently. One The vehicle, "Spirit of Aloha," had its program, performance contracting, enables officials interscholastic solar car responsible for State buildings to avoid costly up-front competition, "Kaahele engineering and installation costs by entering into agreements that specify energy-efficient technologies Inthe area of transportation fuels, DBEDT sponsored and practices in exchange for a portion of the energy an evaluation of ethanol fuel production technologies. savings or a specified payment. Another program, Preliminary estimates show that ethanol production which is part of the Environmental Protection in Hawaii could be cost-competitive with ethanol Agency's (EPA) Green Lights program, seeks to produced on the Mainland. In conjunction with the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI), DBEDT continued its work with vehicles powered by M85 (85 percent methanol and 15 percent gasoline). DBEDT and HNEI began a demonstration involving vehicles capable of operating on M85 or gasoline or any mixture of the two. The Governor's Energy Awards in November highlighted a year packed with community outreach and energy education projects. During October, which was proclaimed "Energy Awareness Month in Hawaii," no fe~~l·tp~n 18 energy-related events turned the.spotlightQIlJ-Iawaii's need to use resources efficiently, develop renewable resources and technologies, and nrc'<p,-v" environment. DBEDT again sponsored its attention-getting exhibition at Ala Moana Center. An estimated 2,500 people attended. DBEDT also fostered energy awareness
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