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Dangerous Truths
Dangerous Truths The Panchen Lama's 1962 Report and China's Broken Promise of Tibetan Autonomy Matthew Akester July 10, 2017 About the Project 2049 Institute The Project 2049 Institute seeks to guide decision makers toward a more secure Asia by the century’s mid-point. Located in Arlington, Virginia, the organization fills a gap in the public policy realm through forward-looking, region-specific research on alternative security and policy solutions. Its interdisciplinary approach draws on rigorous analysis of socioeconomic, governance, military, environmental, technological and political trends, and input from key players in the region, with an eye toward educating the public and informing policy debate. About the Author Matthew Akester is a translator of classical and modern literary Tibetan, based in the Himalayan region. His translations include The Life of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, by Jamgon Kongtrul and Memories of Life in Lhasa Under Chinese Rule by Tubten Khetsun. He has worked as consultant for the Tibet Information Network, Human Rights Watch, the Tibet Heritage Fund, and the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center, among others. Acknowledgments This paper was commissioned by The Project 2049 Institute as part of a program to study "Chinese Communist Party History (CCP History)." More information on this program was highlighted at a conference titled, "1984 with Chinese Characteristics: How China Rewrites History" hosted by The Project 2049 Institute. Kelley Currie and Rachael Burton deserve special mention for reviewing paper drafts and making corrections. The following represents the author's own personal views only. TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Image: Mao Zedong (centre), Liu Shaoqi (left) meeting with 14th Dalai Lama (right 2) and 10th Panchen Lama (left 2) to celebrate Tibetan New Year, 1955 in Beijing. -
17-Point Agreement of 1951 by Song Liming
FACTS ABOUT THE 17-POINT “Agreement’’ Between Tibet and China Dharamsala, 22 May 22 DIIR PUBLICATIONS The signed articles in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Central Tibetan Administration. This report is compiled and published by the Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration, Gangchen Kyishong, Dharamsala 176 215, H. P., INDIA Email: [email protected] Website: www.tibet.net and ww.tibet.com CONTENTS Part One—Historical Facts 17-point “Agreement”: The full story as revealed by the Tibetans and Chinese who were involved Part Two—Scholars’ Viewpoint Reflections on the 17-point Agreement of 1951 by Song Liming The “17-point Agreement”: Context and Consequences by Claude Arpi The Relevance of the 17-point Agreement Today by Michael van Walt van Praag Tibetan Tragedy Began with a Farce by Cao Changqing Appendix The Text of the 17-point Agreement along with the reproduction of the original Tibetan document as released by the Chinese government His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s Press Statements on the “Agreement” FORWARD 23 May 2001 marks the 50th anniversary of the signing of the 17-point Agreement between Tibet and China. This controversial document, forced upon an unwilling but helpless Tibetan government, compelled Tibet to co-exist with a resurgent communist China. The People’s Republic of China will once again flaunt this dubious legal instrument, the only one China signed with a “minority” people, to continue to legitimise its claim on the vast, resource-rich Tibetan tableland. China will use the anniversary to showcase its achievements in Tibet to justify its continued occupation of the Tibetan Plateau. -
Say the Country Is Still Under Martial Law in Everything but in Name. No
say the country is still under martial law in everything but in name. No Tibetan critique of the nature of Chinese rule in Tibet can match that of the late 10th Panchen Lama’s in depth, breadth and meticulous detail. Known as the 70,000 character petition, it was addressed to the top Chinese leadership, including Mao Zedong. In his capacity as the vice-chairman of the National People’s Congress, in 1962, the Panchen Lama travelled extensively throughout Tibet and wrote his observations of the conditions of the people and places he visited. With the help of the United Front, he set up a team to write the petition. When completed, after much cross-checking and having the petition translated from the original Tibetan into Chinese, the Panchen Lama presented his opinion to the Chinese premier Zhou Enlai on 18 May 1962. The Chinese premier took the criticism in the document seriously to the extent that he summoned Zhang Guohua and Zhang Jingwu, the two top Chinese leaders in Tibet, to Beijing and told them to address the mistakes in their Tibet work. However, that summer at the central committee conclave at the seaside resort of Beidahe, Mao Zedong called the Panchen Lama’s 70,000 character petition “a poisoned arrow” and labelled the Tibetan leader as “a class enemy.” The Panchen Lama was struggled or publicly criticised and humiliated before thousands of angry crowds. He was thrown in prison and served 14 years under some form of detention. Though the Panchen Lama’s critique of the nature of Chinese rule in Tibet was made in 1962, more than 55 years ago, it remains valid today, mainly because the Chinese authorities, despite a tentative foray into liberalisation in Tibet, have largely refused to address the core concerns raised by the Tibetan leader. -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC -
2020 ICM Problem D Contest Results
2020 Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling® Press Release—April 24, 2020 COMAP is pleased to announce the results of the 22nd annual that limit the ability to reach this safe level and ways to more Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling (ICM). This year 7203 teams equitably distribute causes and effects. The F Problem asked students representing institutions from sixteen countries/regions participated in to create an international policy that would address the resettlement the contest. Eighteen teams were designated as OUTSTANDING needs of environmentally displaced persons (those whose homelands representing the following schools: are lost to climate change) while also preserving the cultural heritage of those peoples. This problem required students to evaluate cultural Beijing Forestry University, China significance as well as understand geopolitical issues surrounding Beijing Normal University, China refugees. For all three problems, teams used pertinent data and Brown University, RI, USA (Rachel Carson Award) grappled with how phenomena internal and external to the system Capital University of Economics and Business, China needed to be considered and measured. The student teams produced Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, China creative and relevant solutions to these complex questions and built Donghua University, China models to handle the tasks assigned in the problems. The problems Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, China also required data analysis, creative modeling, and scientific New York University, NY, USA methodology, along with effective writing and visualization to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (INFORMS Award) communicate their teams' results in a 20-page report. A selection of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, China the Outstanding solution papers will be featured in The UMAP South China University of Technology, China Journal, along with commentaries from the problem authors and University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China judges. -
Cultural Genocide in Tibet a Report
Cultural Genocide in Tibet A Report The Tibet Policy Institute The Department of Information and International Relations Central Tibetan Administration Published by the Tibet Policy Institute Printed at Narthang Press, Department of Information and International Relations of the Central Tibet Administration, 2017 Drafting Committee: Thubten Samphel, Bhuchung D. Sonam, Dr. Rinzin Dorjee and Dr. Tenzin Desal Contents Abbreviation Foreword .............................................................................................i Executive Summary ...........................................................................iv Introduction ........................................................................................vi PART ONE A CULTURE OF COMPASSION The Land .............................................................................................4 Language and Literature....................................................................4 Bonism .................................................................................................6 Buddhism ............................................................................................6 Sciences ................................................................................................8 Environmental Protection ................................................................9 The Origin and Evolution of Tibetan Culture ..............................10 The Emergence of the Yarlung Dynasty .......................................11 Songtsen Gampo and the Unification -
Buddhist Initiatives for Social Well-Being in Chinese History, with Special Reference to Modern Exponents of Humanistic Buddhism
Buddhist Initiatives for Social Well-Being in Chinese History, With Special Reference to Modern Exponents of Humanistic Buddhism By Darui Long ABSTRACT It was in the 1920s that Venerable Taixu introduced his notions on Humanistic Buddhism and called for a reform movement in Chinese Buddhism. The present paper traces briefly the historical background for his eloquent call for such a transformation. The first section touches on how Chinese Buddhists were involved in social well-being in the past. The second section traces how and why Buddhism declined in the last six hundred years due to the restraint imposed on Buddhism by emperors. The third section deals with views of Venerables Taixu, Cihang, and Yinshun on the restoration of Buddhist tradition to make contributions to social well-being. The last section examines the trend that Chinese Buddhists follow in regard to social well-being, with an in-depth analysis of the role and impact of Venerable Grand Master Hsing Yun. The Chinese Buddhist Tradition in Social Well-Being From the early time when Buddhism was introduced into China, Buddhists showed their compassion for the suffering people and made endeavors to aid the poor, the sick and even the environment. They were involved in many activities for social well-being. According to the earliest records in the end of Eastern Han dynasty (around third century CE), a temple in Xuzhou in current Jiangsu Province offered food when monks held ceremonies to wash the image of the Buddha. Thousands of people came to observe the ceremony and shared the food. This earliest record showed that Buddhists would offer food to the people on the day they celebrated the birthday of the Buddha. -
Li Shangyin: the Poetry of Allusion
LI SHANGYIN: THE POETRY OF ALLUSION By TERESA YEE-WAH YU B.A., The University of Hong Kong, 1973 M.A., The University of British Columbia, 1977 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Asicin Studies) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 1990 (o) Teresa Yee-wah Yu, 1990 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. 1 further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT A major poet of the Tang period, Li Shangyin is highly regarded yet criticized because his work is densely allusive. Dazzling and rich in meaning, it is also difficult and obscure because of its pervasive allusiveness. Chapter I reviews critical opinion of Li's use of allusion. Many traditional critics see allusion as an ornamental rhetorical device and consider Li's profuse allusiveness an idiosyncrasy to be tolerated in an esteemed poet. Chapter II studies allusion broadly and precisely as a literary concept: generally, allusion is a "connector" of texts, a link between a poet's work and his literary heritage; specifi• cally, it is a linguistic device serving metaphorical functions. -
Chan Rhetoric of Uncertainty in the Blue Cliff Record
Chan Rhetoric of Uncertainty in the Blue Cliff Record Chan Rhetoric of Uncertainty in the Blue Cliff Record Sharpening a Sword at the Dragon Gate z STEVEN HEINE 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–939776–1 (hbk); 978–0–19–939777–8 (pbk) 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Webcom, Canada Contents Preface vii 1. Prolegomenon to a New Hermeneutic: On Being Uncertain about Uncertainty 1 2. Entering the Dragon Gate: Textual Formation in Historical and Rhetorical Contexts 46 3. -
Buddhist Medicines in Chinese Literature
Buddhist Medicines in Chinese Literature By Darui Long ABSTRACT Buddhism was introduced into China around the first century CE. It became widespread via Silk Road in Northwest China. For two thousand years, it exerted tremendous impact on Chinese culture. The Buddhists made great endeavors to sinicize and indigenize Buddhism. They established Chinese Buddhist schools and infiltrated all segments of the population. The Buddhist influence can be seen in literature, music, painting, paintings, dance, architectures and medicine. When we investigate the cultural exchanges between China and India, we can easily find that the integral tradition of Indian medicine, which combined a secular elemental doctrine with aspects of demonology, mythology, and moral-macrocosmic concepts, was introduced into China by traveling monks and the texts they brought with them. I. Introduction One of the characteristics of Chinese religions indicates that Chinese tend to welcome any religion that can cure diseases. When Buddhism was introduced into China in the first stage, the Chinese took Buddhists as a magicians, similar to Fangshi (方士).[1] For centuries, educated Chinese considered the Buddhist doctrines to be a new variant of religious Daoism. The famous monk Fo Tudeng (佛圖澄 232 – 348) was reported to possess the skills of breathing exercises and making magic. He could spend days without eating grain. Being good at incantations, he was able to cure difficult and complicated cases and rescue the dying. He repeatedly demonstrated his knowledge and the value of his teaching through various magical and clairvoyant activities, including raising the dead, rain spells, and divination. [2] Fo Tudeng was not a sole example. -
THE PRICE of OBSCURITY in CHINA: Revelations About Prisoners Arrested After June 4, 1989
May 19, 1994 Vol.6, No.5 THE PRICE OF OBSCURITY IN CHINA: Revelations About Prisoners Arrested After June 4, 1989 I. IntroductionIntroduction.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Beijing No.2 PrisonPrison............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Ill-treatment of Prisoners ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Organization and Structure.............................................................................................................................................................. 6 The Proposed ICRC Visit ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7 III. Qinghe FarmFarm.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Fair Trial Concerns................................................................................................................................................................................10 -
From the Conference Chair
2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE 2008) Wuhan, China 12 – 14 December 2008 Volume 1 Pages 1-621 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP08CSA-PRT ISBN: 978-1-4244-3902-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HMM-Based-Correlations in Infrared Remote-Image ....................................................................................1 Rui Yang, Bo Li A Fuzzy Interactive Approach for Decentralized Bilevel Programming Problem with a Common Decision Variable................................................................................................................................5 Guangmin Wang, Zhongping Wan The Research about Integration of Process Planning and Production Scheduling Based on Genetic Algorithm...............................................................................................................................................9 Wang Zhanjie, Tian Ju Water Quality Assessment Using Artificial Neural Network........................................................................13 Ma Huiqun, Liu Ling A Hybrid Multi-user Receiver Based on Parallel Interference Cancellation and Improved Genetic Algorithm.............................................................................................................................................16 Lili Lin Query-Focused Multi-document Summarization Using Keyword Extraction ............................................20 Liang Ma, Tingting He, Fang Li, Zhuomin Gui, Jinguang Chen Weak Biosignal Processing Using Adaptive Wavelet Neural