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Mozambique Food Security Update: March 15, 2001

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Mozambique Food Security Update: March 15, 2001 Mozambique Food Security Update: March 15, 2001 Destaques Ø Fluxos fortes de água nos afluentes e fortes chuvas localizadas agravaram a situação de cheia na região centro de Moçambique durante os meses de Fevereiro-Março, particularmente nas Províncias de Sofala e Zambezia. Cerca de 500, 000 pessoas são afectads pela cheias que tiveram o seu inicio em meados de Janeiro, incluindo cerca de 90,000 pessoas deslocadas das suas casas, e mais de 42,000 hectares de culturas destruidas. Ø Relatórios da Direcção Nacional de Águas do Ministério de Obras Públicas e Habitação (DNA) indicam que à 14 de Março a barragem de Cahora Bassa descarregou cerca de 7,600 metros cúbicos de água por segundo, através das quartos comportas comparando com os 8,150 metros cúbicos de água por segundo descarregados à 12 de Março. Mas nos próximos dias a Barragem de Cahora Bassa poderá aumentar as descargas de água se os rios afluentes continuam a terem grandes caudais e se a barragem de Kariba continua com as descargas. Ø O Rio Zambeze ultrapassou os níveis de alerta nos distritos de Zumbo e Tete (Província de Tete), Mutarara (Província de Manica), Caia (Província de Sofala), e Marromeu (Província de Sofala). Ø Cerca de 50,000 pessoas precisam de ser evacuadas nas areas isoladas na bacia do Rio Zambeze. O Intituto Nacional de Gestão de Calamidades (INGC) solicitou assistência em barcos aos doadores, e ONGs. Uma resposta rápida foi feita tanto pelos doadores e as ONGs facilitou as operações de busca e salvamento ea distribuição de alimentos. Ø As regiões central e sul de Moçambique observaram uma precipitção acima do normal enquanto que, as região do norte tive chuvas abaixo do normal no período entre a primeira dekada (perído de 10 dias) de Fevereiro até a primeira dekada de Março. Ø Preço à retalho do milho e doutros produtos alimentares subiram gradualmente em Fevereiro nos mercados de Maputo e Beira. O preço à retalho de milho subiu em cerca de 26 porcento na Beira como resultado da baixa disponibilidade devido às cheias. Ø Uma equipa composta pelo Ministério de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural (MADER)/FEWS NET conduziu um estudo de campo de análise à Seca na Província de Gaza, visitando os distritos de Chokwé, Guijá, Chibuto (Complexo do Rio Limpopo) e Mabalane (Zona Semi Arda Fronteiriça). A equipa constatou que a Província de Gaza teve baixa até muito baixa produção durante à primeira época agrícola (Fevereiro- Março) devido principalmente a falta de chuvas e ao calor intenso. Cerca de 375, 528 de pessoas vivem neste distritos e precisam de sementes para realizarem as sementeiras da segunda época (Abril-Julho) (que ja arrancou). The Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) is funded by USAID and managed by Chem onics International, Inc. FEWS NET Mozambique · Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development · National Directorate of Agriculture PO Box 1406 · Maputo, Mozambique Telephone: (258-1) 460008/460195/460588 · Facsimile: (258-1) 460588 · E-Mail: [email protected] OS NIVEIS DOS RIOS CONTINUAM A SUBIR NA AREAS DO CENTRO DO PAÍS Chuvas fortes e altos níveis das águas nos afluêntes agravaram a situação das cheias na região Centro do País, particularmente no Baixo Zambeze (desde o distrito de Caia até Marromeu). As Províncias da Zambezia e Sofala foram as mais afectadas pelas cheias porque elas estão situadas na zona baixa do Rio Zambeze. As cheias na Zona Central de Moçambique iniciou em Janeiro e já afectou cerca de 500,000 pessoas, dos quais cerca de 90,000 são descolocados. Cerca de 42,200 hectares de culturas foram destruídos pelas cheias. Príncipais Rios em Moçambique Os relatórios da Direcção Nacional de Águas do Rio Ruvumo Ministério de Obras Públicas e Habitação (DNA/ MOPH) indicam que no dia 14 cerca de 7,600 m3/s de Março a Barragem de Cahora Bassa descarregou lPemba Mutarara Lichinga l água atravës das suas três comportas. O reservatório está com 326 metros de altura de água, apenas à 3 Rio Lurio metros abaixo do seu nível máximo que ë de 329 Rio Zambeze l Nampula metros. l Tete Rio Chire Mocuba and Porque os rios afluêntes continuam a ter caudais altos, Rio Pungue Namacura Rio Licungo e a Barragem de Kariba continua a descarregar água, a Barragem de Cahora Bassa vai abrir a quarta Chimoio l Morromeu l Beira Caia comporta nos próximos dias o que, poderá aumentar a grandeza da cheia no Baixo Zambeze. Cerca de Rio Save 98,000 pessoas poderão ser potencialmente afectadas Rio Limpopo l Vilanculo pelas cheias (sendo aproximadamente 26,000 Rio Govuro pessoas no Distrito de Caia, 67,000 pessoas em Inhambane Barragem de Cahora l Bassa Dam Mutarara, e 5,000 em Marromeu). Rio Incomati (Rio Zambeze) l Xai-Xai J Maputo Areas afectadas pelas À 14 de Março, o Rio Zambeze excedeu os seus cheias níveis de alerta nos distritos de Zumbo e Tete (Província de Tete ), Mutara (Província Manica), Caia (Província Sofala), e em Marromeu (Província Sofala). Em Zumbo o nível das águas aumentaram devido ao incrimento dos Niveis do Rio Zambeze Comparados ao Nivel caudais nos rios afluêsntes. Em Tete, de Alerta (%), 14 março 2001 o nível do Rio Zambeze foi aumentou 200 devido às chuvas sobre a bacia - 521 Nivel de Alerta mm desde Fevereiro. Se as chuvas 150 continuarem a cair em Março muito provavelmente o nïvel dos rios 100 aumentarão. 50 O níveis de água em Mutarara subiram em cerca de 70 mm à 15 0 Março. Contudo, está previsto que os Zumbo Tete Mutarara Caia Marromeu níveis estarão estáveis ou vão subir Fonte: http: www.dna.mz um pouco nos próximos cinco dias até à 20 de Março, de acordo com a DNA. Os níveis dos Rios em Caia e Marromeu atigirama os seu pico no dia 13 de Março, e espera-se que os níveis baixam um pouco durante os próximos cinco dias, segundo a DNA. Mozambique FEWS NET Food Security Update: 20 março de 2001 Page 2 CERCA DE 50,000 PESSOAS PRECISAM DE SER EVACUADAS NAS AREAS AFECTADAS PELAS CHEIAS Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) estimou que cerca de 50,000 pessoas estão complertamente isoladas e precisam de serem evacuadas das aereas afectadas pelas cheias na Bacia do Zambeze. O Instituto Nacional de Gestão de Calamidades (INGC) pediu aos doadores uma assistência em termos de barcos uma vez que, os barcos são os melhores meios que poderão ser usados no salvamento das pessoas sem ter que esperar unicamente pelo uso dos helicopteros. Uma resposta rápida por parte dos doadores, ONGs, permitiu ter um número não especificado de barcos que serão usados nas Províncias de Tete, Manica, Sofala e Zambezia . AS OPERAÇOES DE BUSCA E SALVAMENTO CONTINUAM NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DE MOÇAMBIQUE Na Região Centro de Moçambique, as maiores acções estão viradas para a busca e o salvamento como forma de minimizar perdas de vidas humanas devido as cheias ou devido às doeças relacionadas com as cheias. As cheias jà afectaram cerca de 500,000 pessoas nas Provïncias de Tete, Zambezia, Sofala and Manica. Desta população cerca de 81,400 deslocados das cheias estão em centros de acomodação, e cerca de 52 pessoas morreram. Muitas crianças não podem ir à escola. As Forças Armadas de Moçambique salvaram cerca de 1,682 pessoas devido ao aumento do caudal dos rios no dia 12 de Março. Aproximadamente 6,991 tobneladas metricas (TM) de comida do PMA (Programa Mundial de Alimentação) foram distribuidos à 121,000 pessoas nos centros de acomodaçao. A distribuição foi feita em coordenação do INGC, MSF, Municípios e NGOs locais. O Ministério da Saúde (MISAU) em conjunto com a UNICEF e a OMS está a fazer uma monotoria nos centros de acomodaçãocom com o objectivo de evitar a occorrência das epidemias. Os relatórios indicam que a malaria e a diarreia continuam a não ser as principais doenças. O MISAU jà preposicionou um stock de medicamentos para os 125 centros de acomodaçao. As populações vítimas das cheias não poderão responder algumas questões de disasters naturais. Um grande número de estudantes estão empedidos de irem a escola devido as cheias. As populações deslocadas das cheias que vivem ou nas suas casas ou nos centros poderão ter acesso aos medicamentos. O APELO DE EMERGÊNCIA PARA A REGIÃO CENTRO JÁ ESTÁ A TRAZER RESULTADOS A 20 de Fevereiro, o Governo declarou Estado de Emergência para a região centro de Moçambique. Cerca de 30 milliõies de dolares americanos foram pedidos. O Instituto Nacional de Gestão de Calamidades Naturais (INGC) afirmou no dia 22 de Março que as comunidades nacionais e internacionais já começaram a responder ao apelo. Ajuda alimentar e não alimentar (tais como mantas, tendas, roupa, kits de cozinha, etc) são transportados para as Províncias da Zambezia e Sofala, onde a maior parte das operações logísticas são conduzidas. Da Zambezia e Sofala, os bens são redistribuidos para as populações afectadas pelas cheias nas Províncias de Tete e Manica. Mozambique FEWS NET Food Security Update: 20 março de 2001 Page 3 AS REGIÕES SUL E CENTRO DO PAÍS OBSERVARAM CHUVAS ACIMA DO NORMAL As regiões Sul e Centro de Moçambique Observed Rainfall Compared to receberam chuvas acima do normal durante o Normal (mm), February 2001 mês de Fevereiro de 2001. Os relatórios do INAM indicam níveis de chuvas que variaram de 3 a 290 porcento acima do normal. 179 237 521 179 237 Vilanculos teve o maior desvio da media seguido de Tete. Em contraste, o norte Pemba 184 recebeu uma precipitação cumulative abaixo Lichinga 230 da normal durante este periódo. Nampula teve 111 chuvas a 52 porcento abaixo do normal em Tete Fevereiro. 307 268 Nampula Chuvas fortes cairam continuamente nos solos 249 205 319 229 saturados da Províncias de Zambezia, Tete, Quelimane Manica, e Sofala no Centro de Moçambique e Chimoio 545 partes da zona Sul do País, tais como Beira Vilanculos.
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