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Difficult Knowledge and Uncomfortable Pedagogies: student perceptions and experiences of teaching and learning in Critical Indigenous Australian Studies Marcelle Townsend-Cross (BA, SCU; MEd, UTS) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney 2018 ii Certificate of Original Authorship I, Marcelle Townsend-Cross declare that this thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Technology Sydney. This thesis is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. This document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Signature: Production Note: Signature removed prior to publication. Date: 26th February 2018 iii Acknowledgements I owe my gratitude to the teachers and students who generously agreed to participate in my research. Their courageous and candid contributions provided rich and compelling insights that positively shaped my research in immeasurable ways. I am very grateful to Dr. Rick Flowers who expertly guided me through the research process with enthusiasm, mindfulness and patience. I am so very grateful and privileged to have been a recipient of the Jumbunna Postgraduate Research Scholarship. Many people have inspired and encouraged me throughout my candidature – family, friends and colleagues - and I am humbled by your consistent and persistent belief in me, especially during the times when I didn’t particularly believe in myself, thank you. Most importantly, I am eternally grateful for the unconditional love, support and encouragement of my husband Chris and the amazing humans who call us Mum and Dad, Nan and Pop and Aunty and Uncle. You, my family, have always been, and will always be, my inspiration. iv Dedication This research is dedicated to the First Australian women and men who have, through their wisdom and acumen since the imposition of colonisation, blazed the scholarly trail that I now humbly tread. In particular, I dedicate my work to the late Japanangka errol West, an intellectual giant whose leadership, mentorship, love and friendship I was so privileged to experience in my early teaching career and without which I would not have had the confidence to undertake this research project. v Table of Contents '))$'#!*)$'(%222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 #$,!"#)(22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222+ )$#222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222+ ()$!(222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222- ()$'"(222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222- ()')22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222- #&$1$""'..................................................................................................................1 $()$#!).1!$)#".(!#)'('22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222; )$#!1*().#)'('22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222= '$!")1'('$!(#$)+(222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222? 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