How to Tell When a Social Movement Is Having Its Moment

STANFORD

A PUBLICATION OF THE STANFORD ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

September 2020 SEPTEMBER 2020 THE BRINK How to tell when a social movement is having its moment. Social Change • Quad Amputee Marty Hartigan • History Lessons for the COVID Era COVID the for Lessons • History Hartigan Marty Amputee • Quad Change Social

OF PANDEMICS PAST And possibilities present

stanfordmag.org LIFE AND LIMBS One man’s harrowing medical journey 200902_Novacon_Stanford.indd 1 7/1/20 10:32 AM Contents

32 How to Build a Movement The recipe for social change includes tech-savvy organizers, contradictions that incite youth protest and a whole lot of groundwork. 40 Undefeated Last year, Marty Hartigan, ’89, became suddenly and seriously ill. Doctors saved his life, but had to amputate his limbs. Now, the former captain of the Stanford men’s rugby team is fighting his way through a new scrum. And he doesn’t believe in surrender. 48 If History Is Any Guide The good, the bad and the inevitable: Faculty experts on the Black Death, yellow fever, smallpox and the Great Depression tell us what COVID-19 may mean for our future.

Why You Can’t Just Use the Endowment for That Most of it’s restricted. And it has to last forever. A close look at Stanford’s $27.7 billion. PAGE 28

ON THE COVER: ILLUSTRATION BY JOAN WONG ON THE COVER: (FROM LEFT) FIBONACCI BLUE/CREATIVE COMMONS; PETER BREGG/AP PHOTO; COMMONS; PETER BREGG/AP PHOTO; BLUE/CREATIVE (FROM LEFT) FIBONACCI ON THE COVER: COLIN BOYLE OF CONGRESS. THIS PAGE: K. LEFFLER/LIBRARY (2); WARREN AP PHOTO

STANFORD 1 Contents

13 18 24 Meet Why Stanford The Interpreter Michael Spencer Is Saying Goodbye to of Fallacies Shutterbug and 11 Varsity Sports Biologist. Data expert. Author of data-science storyteller. ‘Ultimately, we determined that being Calling Bullshit. Even before the excellent in 25 sports was a better pandemic, Carl Bergstrom, PhD ’98, option than gradually ceasing to be was well placed to separate fact nationally competitive in 36.’ from science fiction.

POSTSCRIPT Digital Shine your light and warm the world. PAGE 64 NEW AT STANFORDMAG.ORG

Six scholars on social change

ALL RIGHT NOW Personal essays by Black alumni 16 A different kind of fall quarter 17 Social distancing, toddler-style DEPARTMENTS Pandemic aid in the Peruvian Amazon 20 Space robots 4 Dialogue 6 Editor’s Note: Times of change How to negotiate in a recession 8 President’s Column: Stanford this autumn Your first day on the job—over Zoom 10 1,000 Words: Thunderstruck 54 Biblio File: The acrobatics of

modern parenting 57 Farewells 63 Classifieds

STANFORDALUMNI @STANFORDMAG @STANFORDALUMNI GIORGIA VIRGILI GUILLEM CASASÚS; ATHLETICS; GONZALES, ’93/STANFORD BIRD; DAVID TONI LEFT: FROM TOP CLOCKWISE

2 SEPTEMBER 2020 switch

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Some discounts, coverages, payment plans and features are not available in all states, in all GEICO companies, or in all situations. GEICO contracts with various membership entities and other organizations, but these entities do not underwrite the offered insurance products. Discount amount varies in some states. One group discount applicable per policy. Coverage is individual. In New York a premium reduction may be available. GEICO may not be involved in a formal relationship with each organization; however, you still may qualify for a special discount based on your membership, employment or afﬁliation with those organizations. GEICO is a registered service mark of Government Employees Insurance Company, Washington, DC 20076; a Berkshire Hathaway Inc. subsidiary. © 2019 GEICO Cardinal Alert The July cover package described the work of faculty scientists and alumni public-health leaders early in the pandemic.

@STANFORDMAG

“They could see it coming in January,” from my @StanfordAlumni magazine. It is so sad scientists were ignored when sounding the alarms in JANUARY about #COVID. Stacey L. Camp, MA ’04, PhD ’09 @staceylcamp

I just finished reading “The War Rooms” in the • Put my golden retriever to sleep; July issue, and I noticed the subtle, elegant • Danced with my father for the last time. and effective way the quoted text in the col- None of these “regrets” have to do with umns was connected to the relevant photos in my professional life, which has been full, pro- the generous margins. I also appreciated the ductive and celebratory. similar (but less original?) way this was han- I told myself tonight that I never, ever want dled in “Some Reassembly Required.” My to regret not having five more minutes. I’ll be compliments, and thanks, for making the arti- giving more kisses and hugs and thanks and cles easy and pleasant to read. congratulations and everything else of which Drew Oman I need to do more. @STANFORDALUMNI Palo Alto, California Thank you, Melina, for your special reminder. And I am so sorry that your senior year ended prematurely, but I applaud you Dorm on Paws No Regrets for approaching it positively. A July essay by Melina Walling, ’20, reflected Cynthia Blees Klustner, ’75 When he’s not chilling inside on graduating in pandemic times. Menlo Park, California Otero House with resident fellows Jill, ’03, MA ’04, and I cried when I read “. . . but this time, more than Ben Patton, ’03, Kuma (aka ever, I really wanted five more minutes.” Now and Then @oterocat) patiently waits for There have been so many times in my life On July’s back page, we reprinted a 1992 students to return to the Farm. when I wanted five more minutes, including Stanford Daily column on racial justice, (Full disclosure: Jill is also when I: written in the wake of the Rodney King Stanford’s senior editor.) • Said goodbye to my best friend when I verdict, by now–U.S. Sen. Cory Booker, ’91, left for Stanford; MA ’92. The President’s Column in the same • Married with my family and best friends in issue outlined steps the university is taking Miss you @oterocat!! Keep attendance; to support its Black community. ruling the campus while we’re • Broke up with my husband; gone. • Held my mom in my arms for the very last As a retired Marine and an “old guy,” I’m not Maia Brockbank, ’21 time; always fond of Cory Booker statements; how-

• Dropped my daughter off for college; ever, this writing from long ago struck home, ’03 BEN PATTON,

4 SEPTEMBER 2020 nice if Booker were to write about when beautiful and scary. It requires so many things people, even white people, may have helped to go right” elicited an immediate response in him along the way, and even voted him into my 83-year-old brain: “And it’s remarkable how one of the highest offices in the land? often all those many things go right.” @STANFORDMAG Daniel Hoyt Daniels, MS ’71 Marion Schwartz Keyworth Spencertown, New York Carmel-by-the-Sea, California When this happened, we marched from campus down Thank you for publishing Cory Booker’s column. University Ave, with Black And thank you, Cory, the student, for writing it. It Name Recognition students in the lead. Lots of also pains me that his words written in 1992 still A story in the July issue looked back at the businesses boarded up their ring true today. The question is: Why? 1918 flu pandemic’s effects at Stanford. doors and windows during that Booker is a man of great drive and intelli- procession, which shocked the gence who clearly worked very hard to The article features a photo from the Stanford handful of white students who achieve all he has achieved athletically, aca- Daily with a headline reading, in part, “Miss were with us. demically and politically. Is he part of a Elouise Loewenson, ’22, Is First Woman Stu- Nicole Sanchez, ’94 “marginalized” community because his skin dent to Die.” Elouise Loewenson was the first @nmsanchez happens to be black? Does that fact make him cousin of Leland H. Lowenson, Class of 1924, incapable of competing equally with all others who was the father of one of the writers of this Powerful, from @CoryBooker. of different skin color? letter and the grandfather of the other (note Ellen Ochoa, MS ’81, PhD ’85 I urge all dealing with this issue to read that the cousins spelled their last names differ- @Astro_Ellen Booker’s column and to engage those who ently, as the family name had been changed have studied the issue for decades at the around that time for business purposes). We Hoover Institution. I am sure Shelby Steele and had always heard about the sad history of our and perhaps I can understand where he Thomas Sowell have much to contribute in cousin at Stanford but never realized that she comes from. answering the question and shaping the was in fact the first female student on campus Donald Colby, ’55 actions to take in response. to succumb to the disease. Reno, Nevada Stanford can and should take the lead on Lynn Lowenson Marks, ’57 confronting the issues articulated by Booker. It Portland, Oregon Since 1992, we have elected a Black president cannot fall back on vague concepts and buzz- Michael Marks, ’85 twice, and Booker himself to the U.S. Senate. words such as “inclusion, diversity and equity” Silverton, Oregon The brainless officers in the George Floyd to deal with a very real problem. case have been fired, arrested and charged Stan Gibson, ’67 with murder. The majority of police officers Walnut Creek, California ‘Meaningful and Moving’ remain dedicated public servants and do not An online essay by New Mexico critical-care deserve the treatment they receive. Given the widespread protests triggered by the physician Nathan Nielsen, ’97, described The time has come to call out those Booker killing of George Floyd and others, Stanford treating a man who died on his 35th birthday T. Washington described as making a living would have been remiss if it did not establish a of COVID-19. sowing racial discord as the enemies of Community Board on Public Safety and launch America they are, and to stop being what a virtual forum for the campus community to His message was meaningful and moving; it Lenin identified as “useful idiots” by supporting discuss “equity, inclusion and racial justice” brought me to tears. I sincerely appreciate all that organizations like Black Lives Matter and riots and, more important, equip leaders, managers Nielsen and his medical crew have done for the in the streets. and staff to tackle those issues. COVID-19 patients. They are definitely heroes. There is a rational path to a more perfect The tragedy is that Stanford did not lead Janice Pettigrew union and justice for all. Let’s take it. the way in response to the nationwide protests via Stanfordmag.org Bob Olson, ’60 following the assassination of Martin Luther San Ramon, California King Jr. in 1968, or even after Cory Booker’s Stanford Daily essay and the 1992 Rodney As a “white guy,” I was delighted to see the King protests. Dialogue Box Cory Booker essay. Not only is it brilliant, but it James R. Madison, ’53, LLB ’59 [email protected] is something everyone should read. Menlo Park, California Walt Brown, ’57 Stanford magazine Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni Center Roseville, California 326 Galvez Street Big Little Things Stanford, CA 94305-6105 Instead of giving us a repeat of the familiar ugly A July story covered graduate student Amber Letters may be edited for length, story of a Black person growing up in this racist Moore’s research into the placenta. clarity and civility, and may appear country, suffering emotions of “Rage, Frustra- in print, online or both.

CHUCK PAINTER/STANFORD NEWS SERVICE CHUCK PAINTER/STANFORD tion, Bitterness [and] Animosity,” wouldn’t it be Her quote “I’m fascinated by pregnancy. It’s

STANFORD 5 Editor’s Note KATHY ZONANA, ’93, JD ’96

EXECUTIVE EDITOR Kevin Cool EDITOR Kathy Zonana, ’93, JD ’96 EDITOR, STANFORDMAG.ORG Summer Moore Batte, ’99 CREATIVE DIRECTOR Erin Sonnenschein

EDITORIAL SENIOR EDITOR Jill Patton, ’03, MA ’04 All the Difference COPY CHIEF Jennifer Worrell Change—from the profound to the prosaic—is at hand. SENIOR WRITERS Deni Ellis Béchard; Melinda Sacks, ’74

PRODUCTION MANAGER Pam Gorelow CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Charity Ferreira; IT FEELS DIFFERENT THIS TIME. is not dotted with red and white balloons and Jonathan Green; Nancy King, MA ’97 George Floyd was killed by a police punctuated by the sound of Orientation vol- ENGAGEMENT EDITOR Dilys Ong officer, with the world bearing witness unteers yelling out “Welcome to the Farm!” INTERN Andrew Tan, ’22 through video taken by a bystander. So Nearly all undergraduates—and their CREATIVE were Eric Garner, Philando Castile, Walter courses—are online (pages 8 and 16). The ART DIRECTOR Giorgia Virgili Scott, Alton Sterling and Stephon Clark, university hopes to bring frosh, sophomores ASSOCIATE ART DIRECTOR Bambi Nicklen to name just some of the Black men whose and new transfer students to campus in CONTRIBUTING DESIGNER Michele McCammon killings have been documented in the the winter, and juniors and seniors in the VIDEO PRODUCER Erin Attkisson smartphone era. But it was George Floyd’s spring, if health and safety considerations slaying, coming on the heels of the killings permit. Meanwhile, the university is working CLASS NOTES of Breonna Taylor and Ahmaud Arbery, to build community remotely, and students SENIOR MANAGER Lauren Jacobs Black, ’83 that sparked sustained protests of perhaps are striving to remain optimistic. EDITOR Travis Kinsey 15 million to 26 million people—which EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Jake Wellington INTERNS Emily Wilder, ’20, Daniel Wu, ’21, would be the greatest number in U.S. history. ••• Gilare Zada, ’22 It was George Floyd’s slaying that brought calls for police reform onto the front page. It feels different this time. ADVERTISING ADVERTISING AND BUSINESS MANAGER It was George Floyd’s slaying that spurred For 20 years, Kevin Cool’s name has Valerie Pippin, (650) 723-0460

22-year-old Kennedy Mitchum to write to been atop this masthead. He has overseen IVY LEAGUE MAGAZINE NETWORK DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS Merriam-Webster about its definition of 116 issues of Stanford—more than anyone Heather Wedlake, (617) 319-0995 racism—and for the dictionary to expand else—and this is the final one. I know many that definition overnight to include “a polit- of you developed a kinship with him through STANFORD ALUMNI ASSOCIATION CHAIR, SAA BOARD OF DIRECTORS ical or social system founded on racism.” these pages, and I hope you will join me in Andrew Haden, ’00

History, of course, measures change over wishing him a fulfilling retirement. VICE PRESIDENT FOR ALUMNI AFFAIRS AND PRESIDENT, STANFORD ALUMNI time, and it will take time to know whether ASSOCIATION Howard E. Wolf, ’80 the 2020 racial-justice protests were a ••• CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER Page Murray turning point. But we wondered what makes SEND ADDRESS CHANGES TO: a turning point. So we asked several Stanford It feels different this time. Development Services Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni Center scholars, including historians and social If you receive a version of the magazine 326 Galvez St., Stanford, CA 94305-6105 (650) 725-4360 (option #3) scientists. I won’t give away their answers, that contains Class Notes, you may notice [email protected] which are complex and multifaceted (page you’ve gotten a slightly different set. The CONTACT THE MAGAZINE: Stanford magazine 32). But I will reveal this about what they first version now contains the notes for the Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni Center 326 Galvez St., Stanford, CA 94305-6105 told us: Certain aspects of this summer’s classes of 1932 to 1990; the second, 1985 to Editorial: (650) 725-0672 Advertising: (650) 723-0460 protests—including the use of technology, 2020. Every few years, we make an adjust- [email protected] Visit us online: Stanfordmag.org the disillusionment of young people with ment to rebalance the respective lengths of Stanford (ISSN 1063-2778), September 2020, Volume 49, what they perceive as broken promises, the versions. The good news is that Stan- Number 4, ©2020. Stanford is published by the Stanford Alum- ni Association, Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni Center, 326 Galvez decades of groundwork among interdepen- ford graduates more alumni than it bids Street, Stanford, California 94305-6105; (650) 723-2021. It ap- pears in the following months: March, May, July, September and dent civil rights movements, and an event farewell to each year—which means we’re December. Periodicals Postage Paid at Palo Alto, California, and at additional mailing offıces. Annual subscription price is $25 that catalyzes public opinion—suggest that living a good long time. The bad news is that domestically and $50 internationally. Postmaster: Send address changes to Development Services, Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni change may indeed be at hand. the rebalancing may make a few of you feel Center, 326 Galvez Street, Stanford, California 94305-6105. older than you’d wish. If you’re in that cat- ••• egory, I hope you won’t fret too much. If it’s PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER. any consolation, my cohort is next. n It feels different this time. It’s September, and the Stanford campus Email Kathy at [email protected].

6 SEPTEMBER 2020 Stanford Graduate School of Education proudly announces the recipients of the Alumni Excellence in Education Award

Maricela Montoy-Wilson, ’08, MA ’09 Stanford Teacher Education Program Lifetime Principal, Aspire East Palo Alto Charter School Achievement MONTOY-WILSON is known for building and empowering a community of self-directed learners and instructional Award staff who flourish under her leadership. Her entire professional life has focused on lifting the voices of underserved students, families, and her community. She builds structures that support excellence and sustainability, while ensuring that every child and teacher can thrive and cultivate their curiosities and passions.

Kelley M. Skeff, MD, PhD ’81 Curriculum Studies & Teacher Education George DeForest Barnett Professor of Medicine Ronald Herring, ’58, Stanford University Medical Center MA ’73, PHD ’73 SKEFF helps medical faculty at Stanford and all over the world SIDEC improve their teaching effectiveness. He and Georgette Stratos, Founder and Director, California PhD, created the Stanford Faculty Development Center, resulting International Studies Project, in the training of over 30,000 faculty and residents. He regards Equity and Access Project education and medicine as synergistic helping professions. His work has driven interest in medical education research and has emphasized the importance and nobility of both fields. HERRING initiated and managed a California network of university-school partnerships EARLY CAREER AWARD to strengthen global studies Laura Wentworth, MA ’06, PhD ’10 teaching and learning in K-12 Social Sciences Education, Administration & Policy Analysis schools. His work focused on the Director of Research Practice Partnerships use of academically engaging San Francisco Unified School District instructional processes, with WENTWORTH is known as a passionate advocate for public an emphasis on responding to the challenges and skills of education. Her contributions to construct and sustain a model learners facing marginalization. of social innovation through a long-term and generative collab- He is recognized for his oration between a major urban district and a university have emerged as a model for other lifetime commitment to cross- districts and universities. In doing so, she is transforming research-practice partnerships. cultural understanding and his knowledge of how to launch and sustain initiatives within complex organizational structures.

The 2020 honorees will be formally recognized on Thursday, October 15. ed.stanford.edu/alumni

GSE Alumni Ad 080720.indd 1 8/7/20 8:21 AM period oflearningandcommunityforourstudents. In theseturbulenttimes,Stanford ispreparinganenriching year oflearninganddiscovery. Itistypicallyatimeofexcitement andjoy. ford, aswepreparetoreunitewithfriendsandcolleaguesforanother academicyear. BacktoschoolisanimportanttimeatStan- 2020-21 MARC TESSIER-LAVIGNE President’s Column to Fall Quarter Our Approach AS IWRITEINMID-AUGUST, wearedeepintoplanningforthe Of course,thisyearisunlike any other. Inplanningfor the fall, we are navigating the challenges anduncer the fall,wearenavigating thechallenges allow. We willalsocontinuetoofferon-campus tainties createdby thecoronavirus pandemic.As back toStanfordassoonhealthconditions I write, wehave, withgreatregret,I just concluded campus thisfall,aswehadpreviouslyhoped. us frombringinghalfofourundergraduatesto that thecurrentpublichealthsituationprevents We hopeandplantobringundergraduates accommodations to undergraduates who need accommodations toundergraduateswhoneed housing duetospecialcircumstances. summer translating theircourses Many graduatestudents, whose residential arrangements differ differ residential arrangements faculty members have spentthe significantly fromundergradu- ates, willstill resideoncampus. will beunlike any other, weare firmly committed toensuring community. For thatreason, that itwillbearewarding quarter forundergraduate and graduatestudents alike. We have known forsome That said, whilethisautumn protect thehealthofour time thatmost courses would betaughtonlineto -

throughout this challengingtime. to supportingthem astheybuildcommunitywith oneanother their knowledge with our students, andweareall deeplycommitted and globalcitizensendures. asever toshare Ourfacultyareaseager inourworld, Stanford’schanged missiontoeducatefutureleaders ted tomakingitafulfillingexperience nonetheless. Thoughmuchhas may not offerthetraditionalStanfordexperience,but wearecommit- comfort inreconnectingwithStanford andtheirstudies. Thisyear With somuchdisruption inourworld,Ihopethatstudents willfind we areincreasingourfinancialaidbudget tomeet theincreasedneed. for undergraduatefamilieswithannualincomesbelow $150,000, and demic, wearemaintainingourcommitmenttocovering tuitioninfull sures. Despitetheuniversity’s fiscalconstraints causedby thepan- realize thatmany familiesare now facingadditionalfinancial pres- tunities toconnectandreflect. Services, andtheOfficeforReligiousLifewillprovide regularoppor resources willbeavailable throughCounselingandPsychological community serviceactivitiesandmore.Remote mentalhealth remote career planning services, professionaldevelopment activities, connect students with others inthesame timezone. to buildcommunityremotely, includingcreatingcommunitiesto FairStudent Activities willbevirtual.We arelookingintonewways tions areofferingremote participation options, andthisyear’s ence, nomatter where students arelocated.Many student organiza- but alsoleadtonewdiscoveries andfreshperspectives. creative approacheslike thiswillnot onlymake thecoursesenriching, from student to student throughoutthequarter. Iamconfidentthat build communitythroughsharedsketchbooks, whichwillbemailed virtually. Asjust oneexample,anartcourseforfirst-year students will into onlineformatsandlearningnewtechniquesforengagingstudents As wesupportourstudents throughthisunusualtime,wealso Both undergraduate andgraduatestudents willhave accessto We arelikewise workingtore-createavibrant communityexperi n - -

ART STREIBER, ’84 Designed to adapt. Ready for your emergency.

We continue serving our community’s adults and children. As one of the most advanced trauma centers in the world, we are uniquely equipped to handle all cases at all times, even in unprecedented circumstances.

No one anticipated COVID-19, but our systems have allowed us to adapt while maintaining the highest standards for safety.

Our new infection control procedures include digital technology for U.S. News & World Report recognizes Stanford Health Care among the top triaging your condition, allowing for separate spaces for COVID-19 patients. hospitals in the nation. Ranking based Emergency teams use fresh personal protective equipment (PPE) as well on quality and patient safety. as extra air filtering and cleaning methods to sterilize your exam room before and after your visit.

We are ready for your emergency.

stanfordhealthcare.org/emergencyready

Marc and Laura Andreessen Emergency Department Pediatric Emergency Department 1199 Welch Road • Stanford, CA 94304 900 Quarry Road Extension • Palo Alto, CA 94304

ED_COVID19_SM_9x10.875_AD_print.indd 1 8/17/2020 12:06:10 PM 1000 Words

Wild Lightning from rare August thunder- storms in the Bay Area struck the finial atop Hoover Tower, sending pieces of the cement ball 285 feet to the ground. Other strikes ignited dozens of wildfires in the area, including two of the three largest fires in California history. At press time, more than three-quarters of a million acres had been scorched, including Big Basin Redwoods State Park in nearby Santa Cruz County; 100,000 Bay Area residents had been evacuated; and campus—along with much of Northern California— remained engulfed in a haze of smoke.

PHOTOGRAPH BY PhD CANDIDATE MICHAEL FISCHER, ’08

10 SEPTEMBER 2020 STANFORD 11

in alumni we trust

The Alumni Committee on Trustee Nominations is pleased to introduce four newly elected trustees.

DeAngela Burns-Wallace, ’96 Lily Sarafan, ’03, MS ’03 of Shawnee, Kansas is Secretary of Administration and of Los Gatos, California, is CEO of Home Care Assistance the Chief Information technology Officer for the State (HCA), the largest private pay provider of in-home of Kansas. Prior to this appointment, DeAngela served care for seniors with nearly 10,000 employees across as the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Studies at the the U.S. Lily serves on the California Governor’s Alzheimer’s University of Kansas. She started her career as a Foreign Task Force and in various other leadership roles to Service Officer with the U.S. Department of State and advance economic development, civic engagement, served in Guangzhou and Beijing, China; Pretoria, and precision health. She was named Ernst & Young South Africa; and in Washington D.C. She received a Entrepreneur of the Year, Women Health Care Executives Superior Honor and three Meritorious Honor awards from the U.S. State Woman of the Year, and one of Silicon Valley’s 40 Under 40. Lily is a Term Department. DeAngela has served on national and international selection Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a Henry Crown Fellow of the committees including Gates Millennium Scholars, Dell Foundation Scholars, Aspen Institute, and a World Economic Forum Young Global Leader. Lily and Rhodes, Marshall, and Fulbright fellowships. DeAngela earned her served on the SAA Board of Directors and currently serves on the MPA from Princeton and her Ed.D. from University of Pennsylvania. Freeman Spogli Institute Council, the Stanford Undergraduate She has held leadership roles for the National Black Alumni Education Cabinet, and the LEAD Council. She is also Association, SAA Board of Directors, Cap and Gown, Stanford Founding Partner of Project BIG: The Stanford Brain Immune Associates Board of Governors, and the Black Community Gut Initiative. Services Center Advisory Board. Maurice Werdegar, ’86, MBA ’92 Elizabeth (Bess) Weatherman, MBA ’88 of Woodside, California, joined of Brooklyn, New York, is a special venture debt fund Western Technology limited partner of Warburg Pincus. During Investment (WTI) in 2001, serving as her 28 years at the global private equity CEO for the past 10 years. Past positions firm, she primarily focused on investment include Venture Partner at Outlook opportunities in the healthcare sector. She Ventures and Chief Investment Officer at served on the firm’s executive management group and MetaMarkets. Maurice also founded and served as led its healthcare group. Bess has twice been named to the CEO of Blue Chalk Café/Left at Albuquerque, a venture- Forbes’ Midas List as one of the 100 most highly regarded backed chain of restaurants. Prior to attending business school, Maurice venture capitalists. In 2014 she received the Women of Power and Influence Award worked in research at the Brookings Institution and in corporate finance at from the National Organization of Women. She currently serves on the boards of Robertson Stephens. Maurice is an advisor to Major League Baseball venture four publicly held medical device companies. Bess also serves on the Board of Trustees investments, Learn Capital, and Innovation Endeavors, among others. He for her undergraduate alma mater, Mount Holyoke College, and Saint Ann’s School serves on the board of the San Francisco Conservatory of Music and volunteers in Brooklyn. At Stanford, she serves on the GSB Advisory Council, and co-chairs for the Menlo Park VA Hospital. At Stanford, Maurice is dedicated to the Stanford Women on Boards, which is committed to increasing the representation of FLI program, arts and athletics. He has served for six years on the DAPER Stanford-affiliated female leaders on corporate and fiduciary boards. Investment Fund and is a member of the LEAD Council.

background on the process

Every three years, four new trustees are identified and nominated for a six-year term Trustees selected through the ACTN process who will complete their terms in through a selection process administered by the Stanford Alumni Association on September are: Mary Barra, MBA ’90, Detroit; Dipanjan (DJ) Deb, MBA ’96, San behalf of Stanford’s alumni body. Francisco; Brad Geier, ’79, San Diego; and Christy MacLear, ’88, New York.

This cycle, each member of the nine-person Alumni Committee on Trustee The Alumni Committee on Trustee Nominations is made up of alumni Nominations (ACTN) reviewed more than 150 applications for trusteeship. volunteers with staggered membership terms. It presently includes Fred Alvarez, ’72, ACTN chair Nadia Johnson Rawlinson, ’01, presented the committee’s final JD ’75; Stuart Burden, ’84; Michelle Landrey Cline, ’93, MBA ’98; Vanessa Tapia recommendations to the Board of Trustees Committee on Trusteeship, chaired Hartigan, ’94, MA ’96, MBA ’00; Patty Kao, ’93; Sally Pollock Lannin, ’78; by Jerry Yang, ’90, MS ’90, for joint approval. The names of those selected were Jonathan Moy, ’05; Kevin O’Donohue, MBA ’87; and Nadia Johnson Rawlinson, ’01. brought to the full Board of Trustees for election at its June meeting.

The next application cycle will begin in late 2022. Visit alumni.stanford.edu/goto/trustee for information.

11988.20 ACTN September Mag Ad vFr1.indd 2 7/22/20 4:37 PM All Right Now

FALL QUARTER 16 | VARSITY NEWS 18 | NEW-BEES IN SPACE 20 | BS DETECTOR 24 | ENDOWMENT 101 28

WHO WE ARE Meet Michael Spencer Photographer and data scientist explores the power of digits.

It can be easy to brush off someone’s opinion. When you present something and show it in numbers, I think it’s a lot more powerful.” TONI BIRD TONI

STANFORD 13 All Right Now

WHEN MICHAEL SPENCER, ’20, was in high school, his family got its first point-and-shoot camera. “Here, Michael,” his parents said. “Take photos of your little brothers. Take photos of us. If we ever go on a trip, take photos of the ocean.” He recalls toting it around his neighborhood on the outskirts of Las Vegas, where the view was mostly “dirt and gravel.” For Spencer’s high school graduation, his uncle gave him a digital SLR camera. Soon after arriving at Stanford, Spencer joined the Daily, a gig that involved photographing football and basketball games and, once, Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor. “One of the things I’ve most enjoyed about photography is that it’s taken me to events and places that I otherwise never would have explored on my own,” Spencer says. He moved on to photography work for the department of art and art history, and then for Cantor Arts Center and Bing Concert Hall. After he’d made enough money, he upgraded his camera and lenses: “I thought I was unstoppable then!” GREATEST OF EASE: Outside of photography, Spencer got involved with El Spencer’s shots Centro Chicano y Latino and the Latinx community, as well grasp the energy as the FLI (first-gen/low-income) community at Stanford. of campus events, including last Two formative courses—Intro to Applied Statistics, and October’s perfor- Networks—led him to pursue a major in management science mance of Backbone and engineering. Now Spencer is working toward his master’s in by Gravity and Other MS&E, in the computational science track. He hopes to use data Myths, an Australian science to highlight pressing social issues, while keeping up his circus company, at Memorial Auditorium. photography on the side.

“I’m half-Latino and I grew up mostly in rural Kentucky, which doesn’t have a huge Latinx community, so trying to reconcile my two identities there was a little bit interesting. Coming “In my policy memo, I thought through ways to get to Stanford and having access to more of that that [financial aid] information to families at the community was really nice for me. It was a great right time in the right way. Don’t offer workshops opportunity for me to understand myself better at 3 p.m. that people can’t go to. Be mindful of the and understand that side of my family. fact people might not have internet. Hopefully, by doing so, you remove their mental barrier of thinking, ‘Well, I might as well not even try.’

“I really enjoy finding ways to convey the stories of people and communities, whether that’s through photography or through using facts and numbers to convey an issue. “I’m not one to set New Year’s resolutions. “ I think if you want to do something, you should “One of my other super-strong interests is go do it. But this year I remember thinking at educational access, particularly to postsecondary New Year’s that I wanted to get one of my institutions. As part of one of my education courses, photos published. And then I got a call about taught by Anthony Antonio, we had to write a policy photographing an opera called Hell’s Fury that brief. I looked at why some students forgo applying an LA Times film critic was going to be reviewing. to college, particularly the ones afraid to take on A few days later, they published the article and too much debt. Many decide not to apply after my photo was sitting there at the top. I thought, looking at the price on a website. A lot of families ‘Oh my gosh, this is really cool.’” didn’t know about the FAFSA or Pell grants, or

wrongly thought they wouldn’t be eligible. BIRD; MICHAEL SPENCER (2) TONI FROM LEFT: CLOCKWISE

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WH_StanfordMagazine.indd 1 8/10/20 4:00 PM All Right Now ‘I Want to Be Optimistic’ Frosh and sophomores contemplate a fall quarter like no other.

ANY OTHER YEAR, STANFORD FRESHMEN FACE the traditional star- in Wyoming and meet a new community there.” tling welcome: half a dozen gaudily dressed strangers shouting their Isabella Terrazas, ’23, who dove into campus life as an ASSU names as they check into their dorms. A rush of bonding experi- frosh council representative last year, says she’s contemplating a ences, from Band Run to scavenger hunt, ensues. leave of absence. “Living with the students whom I was in classes Of course, that’s all on hold, but still the university had hoped to with allowed us to learn and grow together, so I am a bit unsure bring freshmen, sophomores and new transfer students to campus how learning online will affect my education,” she says. But she this fall for a modified experience. On believes Stanford “made a good deci- August 13, President Marc Tessier- sion” given the COVID-19 outbreaks at Lavigne announced that would no other universities. longer be possible, based on the state of ‘I don’t think Roughly 800 undergraduates with California’s guidance for higher educa- special circumstances are still approved tion and the “deep challenges associated it changed too to live on campus this fall. Freshman with trying to provide anything close to Melanie Rodríguez, who’s from rural a ‘normal’ on-campus undergraduate much what I was Puerto Rico, requested campus housing experience given the current state of the after considering what it would be like pandemic.” He said the guidance recom- to take college courses remotely with mends that most indoor classes be hoping for, which unstable internet access. After Hurri- canceled and prevents “communal cane Maria in 2017, her family went dining, most gatherings and social is to start on my without power for six months, and out- events, the use of indoor common ages remain common. spaces such as lounges, [and] visitors to Stanford path.’ Rodríguez says she’s concerned campus.” Two days prior, the Pac-12 about COVID-19, wildfires, earthquakes had suspended fall sports competition. and how she’ll make friends once she “It goes without saying that I was disappointed not to be on gets here. But she’s already connecting with classmates online campus,” says freshman Colby Clark, a ballet dancer from New York through the Stanford Summer Engineering Academy. City. “But I don’t think it changed too much what I was hoping for, “So many things are uncertain and unprecedented,” Rodríguez which is to start on my Stanford path.” He sees an opportunity in says. “I want to be optimistic. Things are going to be different, but remote learning: “I might go take a road trip to see my mom’s cousin that doesn’t mean they’ll be completely bad.” n

THE TICKER

Michael Drake, ’71, has been named president of the University of California system. Kristina Johnson, ’79, MS ’81, PhD ’84, succeeds him as president of Ohio State. . . . Jennifer Sey, ’92, produced Athlete A, a Netflix documentary about former Team USA doctor Larry Nassar’s sexual abuse of female gymnasts. Also on Netflix: The Half of It, a young adult, LGBTQ, Cyrano de Bergerac tale written and directed by Alice Wu, ’90, MS ’92. . . . Xavier Gutierrez, JD ’00, is the new president and CEO of the Arizona Coyotes. And speaking of hockey, Adidas design director Matty Merrill, ’00, designed the logo for the new Seattle Kraken, following in the footsteps of Terry Smith, ’82, who once did the same for the San Jose Sharks. . . . Erica Pan, ’92, who helped lead the Bay Area’s coronavirus response as the interim health officer of Alameda County, has

been sworn in as California’s state epidemiologist. n UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA; FROM LEFT: CLOCKWISE UNIVERSITY; STATE WALLCE/OHIO LOGAN COYOTES MERRILL; ARIZONA MATTY COURTESY

16 SEPTEMBER 2020 All Right Now

Helping Little Ones Show Their Love from Afar A Stanford doctor wrote some rhymes to explain social distancing to his toddler. Next thing he knew, he had self-published a book.

STAYING SIX FEET AWAY from your wife and sent it to my parents—and loved ones is hard for anyone. It’s espe- they all loved it.” So did Lindquist’s cially difficult if the only feet you sister, a book designer, who put him in Chip off understand are the ones in your contact with children’s book illustrator Velcro-strap shoes. Because you’re 2. Jena Holliday. Before you can say the Old Block “potty-trained,” they had self-published on Amazon. A mini linear accelerator. I Love You When You’re Close and When You’re Far Away uses Lindquist’s The SLAC National Accelerator rhymes along with depictions of his Laboratory attracts scientists from around the world for its own family doing everyday activities to ability to use X-rays to image show very young children that though materials on an atomic level. our interactions might have changed Its two-mile-long accelerator to stop germs from spreading, there is is booked months in advance. still a lot of love going around. But what if researchers could The book isn’t specific to the corona- scale this technology down to virus and could benefit anyone with an be at—and on—their fingertips? immunocompromised family member. Through the work of the Lindquist, who has heard from pre- Accelerator on a Chip Inter- school and kindergarten teachers that national Program, co-led by the book has been helpful for their Stanford faculty, miniature accelerators may soon be a students, is donating proceeds to reality. In January, a Stanford GetUsPPE.org, a group that is collecting team spearheaded by electrical personal protective equipment for engineering professor Jelena health-care workers during the pan- Vuckovic unveiled a prototype: demic. As for Kiley? She requests a microscopic channel carved repeated readings of the book. After into a silicon chip that would Benjamin Lindquist, a clinical all, she’s 2. use infrared lasers to speed assistant professor of emergency up electrons. medicine, had tried to explain to his “It looks kind of like an abstract toddler, Kiley, why the threat of painting,” Vuckovic says. COVID-19 meant she couldn’t hug her Like a Picasso, the prototype is much more significant than its grandparents or do her usual activities appearance might suggest, as with them right now. He decided to the chips, strung together in the write some simple rhymes to introduce thousands, could theoretically her to the concepts of germs and social accelerate an electron up to distancing. “I love you when you’re 94 percent of the speed of light. close / and when you’re far away” Such high-energy particles could begins one couplet. “I love you when increase the resolution of electron we’re holding hands / and when across microscopy or irradiate tumors, the street I stay.” targeting them with greater preci- “My initial plan was to write it for sion to spare healthy tissue. my family,” he told Stanford Medicine’s —Andrew Tan, ’22

FROM LEFT: JENA HOLLIDAY (2); SLAC NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY ACCELERATOR NATIONAL (2); SLAC JENA HOLLIDAY FROM LEFT: Scope blog. “So I ran the text by my

STANFORD 17 All Right Now

NEWS Why Stanford Is Saying Goodbye to 11 Varsity Sports Budget pressures led to ‘heartbreaking’ action.

BY KEVIN COOL

OR DECADES, Stanford has occupied an field hockey and wrestling will cease varsity the best athletics experience in the country or exalted place in Division I athletics, com- competition after the 2020–21 academic year. to change course and pursue a new model that bining sustained excellence with a breadth The programs will be allowed to transition to de-emphasized competitive excellence. Ulti- of offerings that is virtually unrivaled. But club-sport status. mately, we determined that being excellent in fthe mystique that attaches to such success Muir said in an email interview that 25 sports was a better option than gradually belies the reality: Stanford is subject to the although the pandemic has exacerbated the ceasing to be nationally competitive in 36.” same gravity that tugs at every other place. problems, budget shortfalls have been years On average, Division I schools field 18 On July 8, that reality became evident in the making. “Simply put, the revenue gap sports. Even at 25 sports offerings, Stanford when the university announced it would between Stanford and the schools we consider has one of the most robust programs in the permanently discontinue 11 varsity sports to be our peers in intercollegiate athletics has country. Nine of the 11 discontinued sports because of rising budget deficits. grown considerably over the last decade,” he are played at fewer than 10 percent of the 350 In an open letter, Stanford president says, citing television rights deals from which Division I schools, and six of them do not have Marc Tessier-Lavigne, provost Persis Drell Big Ten and SEC schools receive roughly NCAA-sponsored national championships. and athletics director Bernard Muir acknowl- $20 million more annually than Pac-12 schools. Still, the loss of 11 sports is a stinging blow, edged that the elimination of 11 sports was “Schools that have tens of millions of dollars especially for those closest to them: 240 stu- “heartbreaking” but necessary “to create more to spend each year, typically on far dent-athletes, 22 coaches, 20 support staff fiscal stability for Stanford Athletics, and to fewer sports than Stanford has sponsored over and more than 4,000 alumni. provide the support we believe is essential the years, have created new standards of care The affected sports combined have for our student-athletes to excel.” Men’s and and new expectations in important areas like accounted for 20 national championships and women’s fencing, synchronized swimming, sports medicine, sport psychology, nutrition, 27 Olympic medalists, but the value of the men’s rowing, lightweight rowing, coed and sports science and facilities,” Muir says. “We programs goes much deeper, says former light- women’s sailing, squash, men’s volleyball, had to decide whether to continue to provide weight rower Michele Holtkamp, ’20. “I’ve

18 SEPTEMBER 2020 All Right Now

TOUGH CALL: Among the varsity sports that will be discontinued at the end of the 2020-21 academic year are men’s volleyball (far left), field hockey and wrestling.

learned countless lessons from the tough losses, positions, as well as annual donations—is discontinuing sports. The executive the dedication to teammates, the need for the largest single source of support. The team and several head coaches, near-perfect unity to succeed,” she says. “The next-largest chunk comes from the Pac-12 including football coach David Shaw, ’94, and commitment that is required to wake up early conference, primarily from revenue received basketball coaches Tara VanDerveer and Jerod in the morning for long, grueling workouts from ESPN and Fox. Haase, took voluntary pay reductions. There cannot easily be learned in other contexts.” With the football season canceled this were cutbacks in administrative operations and The change requires a particular adjust- fall, Muir says, the 2020–21 budget deficit, travel budgets, and, ultimately, 20 support ment for incoming freshmen who chose the previously estimated to be $25 million, could staff were laid off as part of the measure to Farm in part because they wanted to compete balloon to more than $50 million. discontinue 11 sports. Another option that was at the Division I level, says men’s volleyball One of the frequent questions in comment considered and rejected was to cut funding head coach John Kosty. His message to them: threads is why Stanford doesn’t simply dip into across all 36 sports, eliminating scholarships “You have an opportunity to go to one of the its endowment to preserve the sports that are and taking other “drastic measures” that would greatest universities in the world. You should being discontinued. Muir says additional uni- have undermined recruiting and consigned not make a decision at this point to go play versity support was not the solution. “Athletics the overall program to a future of mediocrity, volleyball somewhere else.” has generally been a self-sustaining entity on according to Muir. That said, he adds, “I know our campus, and we are striving to preserve there is no explanation I could provide that STANFORD ATHLETICS (3) ATHLETICS STANFORD

/ MONEY MATTERS that model in a time when the university’s would take the pain away from the student- Athletics is funded predominantly by a com- budget is under significant stress,” he says. athletes and alumni of these programs.” n bination of donations, television rights fees, (For a more thorough explanation of the ticket revenue and corporate partnerships. endowment, see page 28.) Kevin Cool is the former executive editor of Private giving—endowments that support Muir says budget discussions began with Stanford. Email him at stanford.magazine@

DAVID GONZALES, ’93 DAVID student-athlete scholarships and coaching cost-cutting measures that didn’t involve stanford.edu.

STANFORD 19 All Right Now

FRONTIERS What’s That Buzz? Meet Honey, Queen and Bumble, the trio of NASA robots flying about the International Space Station.

BY CORINNE PURTILL

HE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION Robotics Group at NASA’s Ames Research BUALAT AND HER TEAM spend a lot of time is a busy scientific laboratory orbiting Center in Mountain View, she shapes the field-testing robots in rocky deserts and other 250 miles above the surface of the future of intelligent machines capable of harsh landscapes with topography similar earth. Each astronaut on board has a performing in the extreme environments to the moon and Mars. In Astrobee’s case, jam-packed daily schedule of mainte- of outer space. however, designing for zero gravity pre- tnance, meetings, experiments and exercise. Bualat has been laser-focused on her sented a different set of challenges. They could really use a few assistants. career path since middle school, when she The robots can’t carry flammable fuel for Enter Bumble, Honey and Queen, three chanced upon an article in the San Francisco safety reasons, and must be able to navigate 12½-inch cubes that are anything but square. Chronicle about women scientists at NASA. independently without smacking into an Since July 2019, the trio of flying robots, “At the time, I liked science fiction,” Bualat astronaut or equipment. The propellers have designed to make life easier for the space says. “This was pre-Star Wars, even. Star Trek to have enough thrust to move the cubes effi- station’s human occupants, has been hard at was in reruns on TV.” As a senior at Stanford, ciently around the spacecraft, but not so work helping ISS crews in orbit. Individually, she met with a NASA recruiter on campus, and much to risk crashing into a window. Every they are autonomous; collectively, they are one month after graduating, she reported for component that an astronaut might need to known as Astrobee. her first day of work at Ames. remove requires a special holder or fastener, Each multipurpose cube (they’re iden- Her first assignment was to a division so that screws don’t merrily drift about the tical, save for the paint color) can monitor focused on computer science. She got her spacecraft during zero-gravity repairs. internal cabin radiation and air quality, take master’s degree in electrical engineering at Already Astrobee has been used to test the photos and send images back to ground Santa Clara University while working at SoundSee, an intelligent microphone system control, track down lost objects and haul Ames full time. Then, in the mid-1990s, by Bosch and Astrobotics that’s designed to equipment around the station. They also act NASA’s robotics laboratory down the hall analyze noise aboard the spacecraft and diag- as research assistants, taking inventory and drew her curiosity. nose maintenance problems. NASA has also logging experiment data. Each “I saw some of the projects they were outfitted the robots with a plug-in radio fre- cube has a gripping arm and working on and was like, cool. I want to do quency identification (RFID) reader, so that multiple ports so that scien- that,” she says. She moved over to the Intelli- the machine can fly around the station and take tists can design their own gent Mechanisms (now Intelligent Robotics) inventory of other RFID-tagged tools on board. Astrobee plug-ins when car- group, where she’s been ever since. After step This year, the robots are scheduled to test out rying out research. ping into the deputy lead role in 2005, she a set of sticky appendages designed by Stanford’s Astrobee’s chief architect was named its chief in November, becoming Biomimetics and Dexterous Manipu lation back on Earth is Maria Bualat, the first woman to head the group in its Laboratory, led by mechanical engineering

’87. As the head of the Intelligent 30-year history. professor Mark Cutkosky. The grippers are MARIA BUALAT COURTESY

20 SEPTEMBER 2020 All Right Now

SQUARE UP: Army Lt. Col. and ISS flight engineer Anne McClain tests Bumble in orbit. / ANNE NASA MCCLAIN

STANFORD 21 All Right Now | FRONTIERS

FORGING THE covered in an adhesive material inspired by the to use the robots’ cameras to stream video, CONSCIOUSNESS surfaces of gecko feet, and are intended to help Houston’s Video Control Center reviews it astronauts capture free-floating objects in before distribution. OF OUR BIRTH space. If the material is able to withstand sep- There was also the issue of noise. If the arate tests in the extreme temperatures of machines made too much sound as they carried space, it could be used to develop new tools for out their tasks, they’d be an inescapable collecting and clearing away space junk that annoyance. But astronauts also didn’t want a would otherwise threaten completely silent robot that spacecraft safety. could creep up on them without NASA’s support of the ISS warning. (The verdict after runs through 2024. Given Astrobee’s first few months, that the Astrobee will remain Bualat says, was that it makes in orbit for as long as the sta- just the right amount of sound.) tion does, Bualat and her “Think about the challenges team made sure the robots associated with this,” said Air were adaptable enough to Force Col. Nick Hague, an ISS accommodate experiments flight engineer who worked with and research needs scientists Astronauts didn’t Astrobee aboard the station, haven’t even thought of yet. want a completely at a talk at Samsung’s San Jose All of the robots’ code is pub- silent robot that campus in February. “It’s a free- licly available on GitHub, and could creep up flying robot inside a [spacecraft] it’s built on top of a standard on them without where what’s on those walls framework known as the warning. The changes on a daily basis. What’s Robot Operating System verdict after on the ceiling, what’s on the (ROS) that’s already familiar Astrobee’s first floor—everything is constantly to most roboticists. few months was changing, and so it’s having to “Astrobee serves as a great that it makes just learn its environment and figure platform for testing technolo- out how to interact with people gies,” says Abhishek Cauligi, the right amount like me to get its job done.” INCREASE AFFECTION MS ’18, a doctoral candidate of sound. As valuable as the tool is in Stanford’s aeronautics and now, its future role could be Created by Winnifred Cutler, Ph.D. astronautics department who worked on the even greater, Hague said: “This is going to help in biology from U. gecko grippers. “For integrating our gecko- us with what we know about robotics on the Penn, post-doctoral gripper software, we just had to add a few ground, but this is really going to open it up for work at Stanford. Co-discovered human additional ROS commands on the Astrobee us when we start going to the moon.” pheromones in 1986 software stack, which is a relatively straight- In fact, Bualat’s team is now absorbed with Effective for 74% forward effort.” the creation of Integrated System for Autono- in two 8-week studies and 68% in mous and Adaptive Caretaking, or ISAAC. a 3rd study. THE TECHNICAL WIZARDRY matters, obviously. This autonomous robot will debut on ISS, but PROVEN EFFECTIVE IN 3 But to function effectively with human collab- its ultimate destination could be the Lunar DOUBLE-BLIND STUDIES orators in space, a good robot assistant also Gateway, NASA’s forthcoming solar-powered INCREASES YOUR needs to be a comfortable companion in close space station that will orbit the moon and serve ATTRACTIVENES quarters. Navigating the mostly uncharted ter- as a base for lunar explorations. During phases Vial of 1/6 oz. lasts 4-6 months ritory of human-robot interactions is, to Bualat, when Gateway has no human crew onboard, a Unscented Athena 10X tm For Men $99.50 Fragrance 10:13 tm For Women $98.50 one of the most interesting parts of the job. system like ISAAC could serve as its robot Additives Cosmetics Free U.S. Shipping “A big deal with human-robotic interac- caretaker, holding down the fort alone while ♥ Bob (FL) 10X reorder “Your scientific ‘magic tion is getting people comfortable working the station hurtles through the dark sky. trick’ does seem to work. I give 10X credit as with the robot, even beyond the idea of safety,” Which is just how Bualat likes it. Space one of the things I did that helped save my marriage.” Bualat says. For example, prior to Astrobee’s travel isn’t part of her job description, nor ♥ Stella (MO) “I have been wearing 10:13 about launch, astronauts were concerned that the does she have any aspirations to it: “I’m per- 6 weeks and I have noticed the looks I get. My hus- robots’ internal navigational cameras would fectly happy to stay on the surface of the band has been pursuing me and is being very attentive. We are threaten whatever little privacy they have Earth, thank you.” n having a good time.” aboard the ISS. Bualat’s team reassured the Not in stores 610-827-2200 crew that while the cameras are necessary for Corinne Purtill, ’02, is a writer in Southern Athenainstitute.com the robot to fly, the images don’t need to be California. Email her at stanford.magazine@ Athena Institute, 1211 Braefield Rd., Chester Spgs, PA 19425 STF

saved or shared. And when astronauts choose stanford.edu. NASA

22 SEPTEMBER 2020 Once, life was a job.

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CVM-246 2020 Stanford_Painter_Ad_ME01 Date: 05/27/20 Publication: Stanford Magazine Due at pub: 06/05/20 Issue date: 07/01/20 Ad Size: Full Page Bleed: 9.3333 in x 11.2083 in Trim: 9 in x 10.875 in Live: 7.5833 x 9.6667 in Sign Off: AD: IL Proofer: AE: LM All Right Now

SPOTLIGHT Interpreter of Fallacies Carl Bergstrom shows us how to decode scientific data.

BY ANDREW TAN

EFORE COVID-19 reached his home current pandemic ushered in a fresh wave of depth would be missing. Same here.” state of Washington in late Jan- potent disinformation, Bergstrom felt com- Trained in biological communication, uary, Carl Bergstrom was busy pelled to put his teaching into practice. Bergstrom was well equipped to sift through fighting another contagion: the On January 20, the Centers for Disease swarms of false or misleading virus claims but bspread of misinformation. Control and Prevention announced the diag- encountered a new challenge specific to COVID- As a professor of biology at the University nosis of the first U.S. COVID-19 patient, in 19: the speed at which the science needs to be of Washington and with a background in epi- Washington state. Bergstrom soon recog- done—and the attendant risks of that. demiology, Bergstrom, PhD ’98, parlayed an nized early signs of organized disinformation Indeed, one product of the scientific com- interest in scientific communication into the and took to Twitter to help debunk rumors munity’s singular focus on COVID-19 is the undergraduate course Calling Bullshit, which and nascent conspiracy theories surrounding popularization of preprints: papers that have teaches its students to recognize and refute the virus. not yet undergone formal peer review or pub- misleading data and poorly conducted In March, a Bay Area technologist named lication. Primarily intended to enable rapid research in science. Aaron Ginn published an article on Medium mobilization and communication among Focusing on such topics as causality, data that purported to demonstrate how mass researchers, these raw scientific articles are visualization and publication bias, the media accounts of COVID-19 were over- then relied on by the public with a certainty course identifies areas in which blown. “You don’t need a special they haven’t yet earned, and they have fueled a science is susceptible to misinfor- degree to understand what the data deepening partisan rift in which the scientific mation and challenges what says and doesn’t say,” Ginn wrote, canon varies widely across party lines. Bergstrom says is a common and claimed to be an authority on “People are doing this radically open sci- misconception that quantitative the matter because of his experience right now, so all of these preprints are data is objective and irrefutable. ence in driving the “viral adoption” going up and are being discussed on Twitter “Numbers are ideal vehicles for of products. After the article had and many other forums,” Bergstrom says. promulgating bullshit,” Bergstrom been retweeted thousands of times— “The problem is that the pandemic has been writes in Calling Bullshit: The Art of Skepti- “gaining too much traction,” according to so heavily politicized. When people post a cism in a Data-Driven World, the book he Bergstrom—the professor posted a thread of result, it supports one camp or another.” published with co-instructor Jevin West in 31 tweets dissecting the article’s many flaws, By mid-February, popular media was already August. “They feel objective, but are easily including Ginn’s tenuous claims of epidemio- so saturated with conflicting reports about manipulated to tell whatever story one desires.” logical credibility. COVID-19 that the director-general of the World Since its pilot in spring of 2017, the course “Imagine Shakespeare run through Google Health Organization declared an “infodemic.” has become one of the most popular at UW, Translate into Japanese, then translated back The next month, Bergstrom redoubled his quickly reaching its enrollment cap of 160 into English by someone who’d never heard of efforts, interrogating the COVID-19 impact

every time it has been offered. When the Shakespeare,” Bergstrom wrote. “So much model from the Institute for Health Metrics COMMONS BY-SA/CREATIVE KRIS TSUJIKAWA/CC

24 SEPTEMBER 2020 All Right Now GUILLEM CASASÚS

STANFORD 25 StanfordAd -2.4167 x 9.6667_06-2019.ƒ.pdf 1 6/6/19 2:30 PM

All Right Now | SPOTLIGHT CHAMPIONS OF AGING WELL and Evaluation at UW Medicine—one of the complicated decision-making climate. early models influential in U.S. policy-setting— “We don’t really understand how having in another long Twitter thread. In particular, this kind of media environment affects the way he highlighted several assumptions that con- that people get information and make deci- tributed to the model’s optimistic outlook, sions and respond to crises like COVID,” expressing concerns that the data could easily Bergstrom says. “I think we’re seeing a lot of be taken out of context. the vulnerabilities associated with that right “I’ve already seen claims that this study now and in failures of our pandemic response.” proves we need fewer than 40,000 ventilators,” As a silver lining, Bergstrom hopes that the he tweeted at 3 a.m. from Seattle. “True, I guess, infodemic will spur a greater interest in teaching IF the curve fitting approach works and IF the media literacy and digital citizenship, for which death count data are right and IF we attain his Calling Bullshit course can be a preliminary Wuhan-scale lockdown and IF we maintain it model. Already, several high schools in Wash- and IF there’s no second wave.” ington state—where a law supporting media Bergstrom’s tweets might appear trivial in literacy and digital citizenship instruction in The Highest Quality the greater scope of an international pandemic, K–12 schools was passed in 2016—have adopted but without online voices like his, other scholars such curricula. of Care at Home point out, disinformation spreads rapidly. Such Still, Bergstrom and co-instructor West was the case for a Facebook post by Kerri understand that improving online public Rivera, a former Chicago real estate agent, awareness will take time and that the current • We are a preferred provider for which promoted chlorine dioxide, a highly disinformation crisis demands persistent action. C Stanford Hospital and the toxic industrial bleach, as a COVID-19 cure. “Media literacy is a long-term solution,” M Avenidas Village Program. According to Sam Wineburg, PhD ’89, the West says. “It’s something that’s going to take a • We have Stanford Alumni on Y Margaret Jacks Professor of Education, the generation to really see the effects.” staﬀ and references from CM families on campus. post was shared more than 200,000 times Back on the Farm, researchers have also

MY before it was taken down by Facebook, taken an interest in combating online disinfor- • We are the experts on home revealing a fundamental problem in the way mation, launching the Cyber Policy Center at CY care. Our founding team has people process information online. the Freeman Spogli Institute for International CMY authored three books on healthy longevity including The “In an age where a 9-year-old has a smart- Studies last year. Through collaboration with K Brain Boost and Happy to 102. phone, we are driving on the information the Center for an Informed Public headed by highway without so much as a driver’s license,” West at UW, along with several other centers at • Our Client Care Managers he says. Stanford, Kelly Born, MA ’09, executive director provide ongoing quality assurance and are available The high volume of COVID-19 misinfor- of the Cyber Policy Center, is leading an initia- 24/7. mation can even influence the policy of tive to address online electoral disinformation federal organizations. On June 30, the CDC in real time in advance of the 2020 elections. • We are proud to be the released a list of COVID-19 testing consider- “We have seen a paradigm shift away from Caregiving Partner of Maria Shriver’s Women’s Alzheimer’s ations for colleges and universities planning to thinking about moderating content based on Movement. bring students back to campus in the fall. In the what is being shared—so much of the con- notice, the CDC stated that it “does not recom- cerning content isn’t categorically true or mend entry testing of all returning students, false—toward moderating the behavior of bad faculty and staff.” actors by limiting their ability to create fake Bergstrom was incredulous. In an op-ed accounts, deploy bot networks, micro-target in for the Chronicle of Higher Education, he a predatory way, etc.,” she says. called the decision “inexplicable and irre- Changing the way people think and behave sponsible,” defending testing paired with on social media is no small task, yet this is isolation as a “proven means of disease con- exactly what Bergstrom strives to do with the Call For A Free Consultation: trol.” In a follow-up Twitter post, he argued book Calling Bullshit, which he saw as essential that the agency’s decision was based primarily to the media consumer even before COVID-19. 650-268-4443 on “agnotology,” a term coined by Stanford Now the book is more relevant than ever. HomeCareAssistance.com professor of history Robert Proctor to describe “You could rewrite the book replacing every culturally induced ignorance. example with an example from COVID.” n Headquartered in San Francisco Taken together, the imprint of politics on with ofﬁces across North America scientific discovery and public policy, the reach Andrew Tan, ’22, is an editorial intern at of bad actors and disinformation, and the need Stanford. Email him at stanford.magazine@ for better media literacy education make for a stanford.edu.

26 SEPTEMBER 2020 ai15968403839_Final_StanfordAlumni_ContinuingStudies_SeptOct2020_Outlined.pdf 1 8/7/20 3:46 PM All Right Now

EXPLAINER Why You Can’t Just Use the Endowment for That How Stanford’s billions really work.

BY KATHY ZONANA

a common reaction. and their vision was that the school would endowment income that Stanford withdraws When the university announces a budget cut, exist in perpetuity. In fact, the Founding each year to support its operations. That’s the internet commentariat erupts: Stanford Grant stipulates that Stanford’s lands can called the payout, and it came to more than has $27 BILLION in endowment. Why can’t it never be sold. $1.3 billion in 2019–20. “Endowment payout just dip into it? (The BILLION is invariably The endowment, which now includes funds every university activity, including a rendered in all caps.) invested assets in addition to those lands, substantial part of undergraduate and grad- Indeed, $27.7 billion—the value of the “is not simply like a savings account,” says uate education and research,” says Livingston. endowment as of August 31, 2019—is a lot of Randy Livingston, ’75, MBA ’79, Stanford’s Almost 80 percent of the endowment is money. It is roughly what Americans were vice president for business affairs and CFO. invested in the Merged Pool, which is the projected to spend on Valentine’s Day gifts in “It’s the income generated from investing the university’s primary investment fund. We’ll 2020. It is a bit more than the gross domestic endowment, not the endowment principal dive more deeply into the pool later, but for product of El Salvador. It is $737 for every itself, that supports 20 percent of our annual now, just know that it operates similarly to person in Canada. operating budget. If we start to consume the a mutual fund, where each of more than It’s also a substantial endowment for a endowment principal, there will be less to 8,000 endowment funds holds shares of the university—in the United States, the only invest and therefore less income to support Merged Pool and it pays out income annually three larger belong to Harvard, Yale and the the university in future years.” on a per-share basis. The university projects University of Texas system. But that doesn’t A better analogy, Livingston says, would be an average 9 percent annual return on the mean Stanford has a ginormous piggy bank. an annuity, “where you’re living off the income Merged Pool, understanding, of course, that In fact, 90 percent of the endowment—more and preserving the principal in order to main- any given annual return may deviate sub- than 8,000 different funds, plus a certain tain that income over time.” That’s all well and stantially from that average—so it uses a 8,180 acres of Farmland—is restricted or des- good if you’re a human retiree who can look at smoothing formula to mitigate the impact of ignated for specific uses. It can’t be spent on an actuarial table and figure that the income investment volatility. In a typical budget anything the university chooses. Here’s why. from your annuity will meet your needs for year, Stanford targets payout of approximately the next 25 years. But remember, Stanford 5.5 percent, generally leaving 3.5 percent to The endowment is not a savings account. hopes to live forever, and costs go up over reinvest so that the endowment principal It’s more like a retirement annuity—for a time—largely because about two-thirds of the keeps pace with the average rise in costs. retiree that’s supposed to live forever. university’s expenses are compensation for Unless—well, unless it’s now. Look 125 years into the past. There’s Stanford, faculty and staff, and the cost of living in the “Most years, the trustees use the a fledgling university at age 4. Look 125—or Bay Area is high. So in order not to reduce the smoothing formula to determine the payout,” 250 or 500—years into the future. There, one buying power of the endowment, the univer- says Livingston. “However, during periods of hopes, is Stanford, in robust good health. The sity needs to reinvest rather than spend extreme market volatility, the trustees use university was established with a Founding some of the income it generates. their discretion and may deviate from the Grant of lands from Leland and Jane Stanford, Which leaves the portion of the smoothing formula. Investment markets

28 SEPTEMBER 2020 All Right Now

THE ENDOWMENT (2019) 10% $2.8B In Merged Pool Unrestricted FFE 10% $2.8B Department-controlled FFE

6% $1.8B Donor-restricted 52% FFE $14.3B $27.7 BILLION Donor-restricted endowment 4% $1.2B Special investments

Figures add to more 18% than $27.7 billion $4.9B because of rounding. Lands

were extremely volatile in spring 2020 when endowment funds, the trustees decided to restricted gifts. “The endowment” includes trustees were making the fiscal-year ’21 reduce payout by 10 percent. more than 7,000 gifts that were made at dif- payout decision.” If they had followed the Wait—there are specific funds for specific ferent times for different purposes. For smoothing formula, the payout would things, like financial aid? Oh, you bet there example, a benefactor might donate funds to increase by 3 percent in 2020-21. But that are. Let’s take a closer look. cover a public-interest law professor’s salary seemed like a worrisome course. “The and benefits in perpetuity. That’s part of the COVID-19 pandemic was still unfolding, endowment. So are a lot of undergraduate with huge economic uncertainty about the The endowment is not a monolith. It’s actually scholarships, graduate fellowships and year ahead,” Livingston says. “Trustees were a whole bunch of little endowments. research funds. Together, they total 52 percent concerned about the likelihood of a significant The vast majority of the endowment is of the endowment. And some of them are investment downturn, similar to 2008-09.” So restricted—meaning it’s made up of assets pretty detailed. they took a conservative approach, applying that can only be used for the purpose for One scholarship is for a football player the 3 percent increase only to endowment which they were contributed. majoring in civil engineering; another for the funds supporting student aid. For all other Let’s start with the biggest category: one who wears No. 36. One fellowship is

STANFORD 29 All Right Now | EXPLAINER

limited to “medical students who are gradu- department converts a large continued growth of Silicon ates of a public or parochial school located in expendable gift to FFE, that Valley and the surrounding Des Moines, Iowa, or if there is no such quali- payout can’t later be deployed community-derived property fied student to a graduate of any school in the on behalf of the philosophy values,” says Livingston. “It’s State of Iowa.” Another states a preference department. very unique to Stanford, as com- for students born, raised or educated in Mon- Which brings us to the unrestricted, cen- pared with any of our peers, having the land tana, North Dakota or Thailand. trally controlled FFE. This 10 percent slice as a major part of the endowment as a ser- So that’s a little more than half of the provides valuable discretionary income to vice that continues to provide income to us.” endowment pie. The other slices are smaller the university. About two-thirds of its payout When a parcel of land is leased for a long and a bit more complicated. The smallest one flows to general funds that the provost time—30 to 50 years—the prepaid revenue (4 percent of total endowment) is made up allocates to everything from academic from that lease is added to the Land Develop- of specially managed venture and investment departments to libraries to financial aid to ment Fund, which is centrally controlled funds, each set up to support a school or facilities. The remaining one-third is FFE and is used, for example, to redevelop unit—Graduate School of Business; Stanford allocated by the president for strategic properties in the Stanford Research Park. Earth; the Department of Athletics, Physical initiatives, such as the university’s long- Meanwhile, the net annual rent the univer- Education and Recreation; and so forth. range vision. sity collects—$93 million in 2018–19— is unrestricted endowment payout that flows into general funds.

To go deeper, you have to dive into the pool (and learn the meaning of the term buffer). The bulk of the endowment—everything but the lands and the special investments— In June, the board is overseen by Stanford Management Company, the university’s investment office, in the Merged Pool, which was valued at authorized the withdrawal $29.6 billion on June 30, 2019. That’s close to the GDP of Nepal, by the way. As its name suggests, the Merged Pool of up to $150 million to (the mutual fund) contains several different types of assets, including endowment funds fund budget shortfalls (the annuity), expendable funds (think of this more like a set of checking accounts) and hospital funds. related to COVID-19. Now, about those expendable funds. They’re not endowment. Quite the contrary. They can be spent in any given year. But at present, they add up to more than $4 billion, and since 90 percent of them are invested in the Merged Pool, they generate a lot of return on investment. And some of those invest- Then there are three groups of “funds func- Oh, and don’t forget those Stanford lands ment returns—let’s call them “interest” for tioning as endowment” (FFE): donor-restricted that make up 18 percent of the endowment. purposes of our checking-account analogy— FFE (6 percent of the total endowment); They can’t be sold, but they can be leased. become unrestricted funds functioning as department-controlled FFE (10 percent of the “I think one of the very cool things is that the endowment. Brace yourself. total); and unrestricted, centrally controlled original endowment of the university—what “I will say at the outset, it is very com- FFE (another 10 percent). Donor-restricted Leland and Jane Stanford gifted to us—was plex,” Livingston says. The expendable funds FFE and department-controlled FFE operate the 8,000-plus acres of the Stanford campus, pool, he explains, is a collection of reserves similarly to restricted gifts—their payout a portion of which we have been able to use and expendable funds across the university— is not fungible. So, for example, if a donor- to generate income through the Stanford more than 8,000 different accounts. Take restricted endowment fund to purchase Research Park, the Stanford Shopping your intrepid Stanford Alumni Association: phonograph records generates payout that Center and the Sand Hill Road properties, “The Alumni Association has monies that is reinvested as FFE, the payout from that and that is a component of the endowment they’ve received in the door each year that FFE cannot later be used to purchase that has actually grown dramatically in they haven’t yet spent, and sometimes those

musical instruments. Or if the geophysics value over the last five to 10 years with the funds carry over from year to year—there’s ERIN ATTKISSON

30 SEPTEMBER 2020 EXPLAINER | All Right Now

some mismatch between when monies come controlled FFE? That’s mostly the buffers. graduate students, faculty and staff. in and when they go out,” says Livingston. The buffers have four jobs: First, they Last but most certainly not least, the “My organization is the Bank of Stanford, so keep the expendable funds whole in the case buffers serve as an emergency fund. In June, we treat each of those accounts like checking of a negative return. “We still have to guar- the board authorized the withdrawal of up to accounts. The fund holders deposit their antee the principal of the expendable funds $150 million to fund budget shortfalls related money in the central bank. We guarantee checking accounts,” says Livingston, “so we to COVID-19. “If we were to have the most their principal—they can draw on those use the buffers to replenish any losses they severe earthquake that we can imagine close monies anytime they want—but we don’t pay might have had, and that’s where the term to campus, we have projected that the finan- any interest.” buffer came from.” Second, since the buffers cial impact of that would be on the order of Instead, here’s what happens to that themselves are invested as FFE, they provide $4 billion in damages,” says Livingston. “The “interest”: Prior-year investment returns shares of endowment payout to be allocated buffers have always been viewed as the unre- on the expendable funds pool of zero to by the president and provost, as we talked stricted emergency reserve to help bail us out 5.5 percent flow to the university’s general about in the last section. Third, says Liv- in the event of an earthquake or a pandemic funds. Anything above 5.5 percent is added ingston, the buffers serve as “a source of or some other event like that.” to a pair of funds called the buffers. If the unrestricted capital when nothing else is So, yes, Stanford has $27 BILLION in return is, say, 10 percent, “that can be several available.” In fact, this is the only portion of endowment. And, yes, it does, under certain hundred million dollars,” says Livingston. the endowment from which the university circumstances, tap the principal of the one And that’s when some of the interest on spends principal when it needs to address small slice it can—the buffers. But those Stanford’s collection of checking accounts pressing financial needs. In recent years, the circumstances have to be extraordinary. n becomes endowment. Remember that Board of Trustees has authorized the with- 10 percent, $2.8 billion slice of the endow- drawal of $500 million from the buffers to Kathy Zonana, ’93, JD ’96, is the editor ment pie that is unrestricted, centrally address housing affordability issues for of Stanford.

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STANFORD 31 PHOTO CREDIT PHOTO

32 SEPTEMBER 2020 HOW TO BUILD A

MOVEMENT

Social change can seem sudden, as if millions awoke one day to the same realization. But really, scholars say, consensus is constructed through thousands of small acts over generations.

rowing up in the predominantly white innovations that activists harness to organize, the promise was never fulfilled. In the long town of Los Alamos, New Mexico, to make people see injustice and to sway public civil rights movement, organizations build Clayborne Carson learned about the civil opinion, as well as disillusionment with the on one another, and battles for justice can rights movement from the news: school national story of progress and equality. appear hauntingly similar decades apart, desegregation, lunch counter sit-ins, the More than half a century after the 1960s, revealing how slow the change has been. Freedom Riders. But in 1963, he joined the the United States may be entering another Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee inflection point, with millions protesting for RECIPE FOR CHANGE (SNCC)—Black rights activists who “exempli- racial justice and women’s rights, and a his- To understand the 2020 protests, one needs fied the rebelliousness and impatience I felt toric Supreme Court decision protecting to look at the life experience of young Ameri- as a teenager,” he writes in his memoir, LGBTQ workplace rights. Minneapolis’s city cans, Carson explains. “It’s hard to put myself Martin’s Dream: My Journey and the Legacy council voted in favor of dismantling its in the mind of a 20-year-old who has experi- of Martin Luther King, Jr. “We admired King, police department, Confederate monuments enced both the Obama presidency and the but he was too cautious,” Carson said recently. Trump presidency,” he says. “You can’t think “In some ways, the relationship was like this of two more different presidents.” Beset with generation with respect to President Obama— BY DENI ELLIS BECHARD cognitive dissonance, young people holding admiration for him but not waiting for his idealistic thoughts about the United States guidance.” That guidance—and the resulting have had to contend with its struggles: over inflection point that would transform Amer- have come down, Mississippi redesigned its economic inequality, over health care, over ican race relations—came from young people state flag, and New York City’s mayor pledged access to education. Then came videos of engaging in civil disobedience. to redirect some police funding to youth and Black men killed by police, taken on smart- Carson, now a professor of history and social services. But though social change phones and distributed on social media, and the director of the Martin Luther King, Jr. can appear sudden and incendiary, as if a the founding of Black Lives Matter by civil Research and Education Institute at Stanford, threshold had been crossed, it requires rights activists Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors believes the youth made the protests of the decades of activism. Movements do their and Opal Tometi. “It’s striking that here is a 1960s and 2020 possible by turning out in work not only in the streets and in the media movement that, when it started just a few record numbers. “I think that’s the main role but also in the government and in the judiciary. years back, had almost no public support,” of young people in the past two upsurges of New laws promise change that often comes Carson says, “and now, according to the polls, protest,” Carson says. “The ’60s in general was much later, following horrifying moments the majority of Americans think it’s positive.” certainly sparked by the students in Greens- when millions of Americans experience a Many of the ingredients of the recent boro who sat in the lunch counter and set off a shock to the conscience—such as the eight uprisings—a sense of failed promise, the wave of sit-in protests.” But Carson sees further minutes of suffocation as a police officer indignation of the youth and the rise of new

ILLUSTRATION: JOAN WONG; PHOTOS, CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: AP PHOTO; GETTY IMAGES; FIBONACCI BLUE/CREATIVE COMMONS; COMMONS; BLUE/CREATIVE FIBONACCI GETTY IMAGES; AP PHOTO; LEFT: FROM TOP CLOCKWISE PHOTOS, WONG; JOAN ILLUSTRATION: OF CONGRESS; AP PHOTO WOLFSON/LIBRARY RENE PEREZ/AP; STANLEY CARLOS parallels between then and now: technological knelt on George Floyd’s neck—and realize technology—were also present in the 1960s.

STANFORD 33 How to Build a Movement

Introduced by the Bell System in 1961, away. I think that’s what happened with history at Stanford. “All Wide Area Telephone Service—known as George Floyd’s murder.” of that really came to a WATS lines—offered flat-rate long-distance Bloody Sunday also shamed the United head for me in the spring calling throughout the country and allowed States globally at a time when it was claiming of 1968 during the student activists to organize and to communicate with the mantle of leader of the free world in protests and strike at Columbia.” the media. Carson, who shifted his field of the fight against communism. “The Cold War She joined the protests, which accused the study from computer programming to Amer- did a lot to advance civil rights,” Hobbs says, university of racism and complicity in the ican history, became active in SNCC, which “because the United States could not afford to Vietnam War, on the day Columbia called in relied on WATS lines. He also wrote for the appear as a repressive, segregated, violent the police to remove students who had occu- Los Angeles Free Press, one of the nation that didn’t respect the rights pied campus spaces. “I was not somebody who era’s most widely circulated of Black people.” would occupy a building,” Freedman recalls. underground newspapers— President Lyndon Johnson “But I definitely was someone who did not an organizing tool borrowed responded to public outrage by believe that the police were the legitimate from World War II resistance introducing the Voting Rights resort for resolving an on-campus problem. movements. Act of 1965, which prohibited And one night there was a moment of truth Perhaps the most significant racial discrimination in voting— for me. Do you stay and put yourself between leap in technology was TV broad- a victory that might seem sudden the police and the protesters, or do you go cast news, whose rise overlapped to the untrained eye but that was back to the safety of your dorm?” She chose with the end of the golden age of photo- generations in the making. Both that vic- to stay, saw the violence against protesters journalism. Images beamed into homes on tory and the strategies that made it possible and escaped arrest chased by mounted March 7, 1965—soon after known as Bloody would energize further movements. police. “That changed my worldview. Where Sunday—would transform people’s view of do you go from here? Things are never going race in America. As 600 peaceful marchers PROMISE VS. REALITY to be the same again,” she says. “All of this, demanded voting rights in Selma, Ala., state 1968 saw uprisings around the world perhaps ironically, set me on a certain path troopers fired tear gas, attacked with night- opposing racism, state violence and war. toward my career. ‘We’re going to build a dif- sticks and charged on horseback. Photos It was also the year that changed the path ferent kind of university. This has got to and broadcasts of injured and unconscious of Estelle Freedman, then a junior at Barnard change,’ I thought. And it really sent me back marchers shocked the country. “White College. As a freshman, she had optimistic into history to understand social movements.” Americans were able to see Black civil rights liberal beliefs but was far from being a rad- Freedman, who co-founded Stanford’s activists dressed in their Sunday best, as ical. “Then I came into contact, in sociology program in feminist, gender and sexuality respectable as they could be, treated with and history and political science—as well as studies, describes the conditions for social such brutality,” says Allyson Hobbs, associate on the streets and in the antiwar movement change as “an interplay and a delicate bal- professor of history at Stanford. “Some white and in the student movement—with the real- ance between long-term trends and more people had thought, ‘Oh, the reports aren’t ization that things are not as you were led to immediate historical contingency.” In the really true,’ or ‘It’s not really that bad’ or believe and that the government was not so case of women’s rights, as the workplace ‘This is exaggerated,’ and then when they see forthcoming about what was happening in drew in more women, they claimed more

it with their own eyes, they can’t explain it the war,” says Freedman, now a professor of rights as citizens and workers and saw legis- (2); NEWS SERVICE A. CICERO/STANFORD LINDA FROM LEFT: CLOCKWISE ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL U.S.

1948 1954 1955 1956 1957 1960 1961 President Harry S. Brown v. Board Rosa Parks is The Supreme Southern College The Freedom Truman issues of Education arrested for not Court rules Christian students protest Riders occupy executive order declares yielding her seat segregated seating Leadership segregation at buses across the ending segregated public to a white man unconstitutional. Conference is lunch counters. South to protest segregation in schools “inherently on a bus in founded, with segregation. the armed unequal.” Montgomery, Ala. Martin Luther Student Nonviolent services. King Jr. as Coordinating president. Committee begins organizing Civil Rights Act college students of 1957 is intended nationwide. to root out voter DOMINO EFFECT suppression. Over time, movements and events propel one another.

34 SEPTEMBER 2020 How to Build a Movement

lative and political wins. “By the mid-1960s, Amendment and protected—in theory—by hope and so much corruption and abuse of if you look at the data,” Freedman says, “it’s a the Civil Rights Act of 1957. “But how do we power that people blow up. That’s another perfect storm: More and more white women make the law work?” asks Freedman. “If you revolutionary path—one we see in the con- were doing what Black women had done don’t have economic power and you don’t temporary political moment.” historically, which is the double day of wage have political leverage, such as a national labor and household and childcare.” Along- leadership that is willing to listen to you, it’s EVERY LITTLE PUSH side the demographic shift was the political really hard to make the law effective.” Recent Though each of these social movements has a context: In December 1961, President John F. research by Sarah Soule, a professor of orga- distinct history and set of challenges, they have Kennedy had established the President’s nizational behavior at the Graduate School shared many tools. In recent years, all have Commission on the Status of Women after of Business, reveals just how important relied on the internet and social media, women helped elect him. Yet working women working within the system can be. “To though in the case of saw few improvements. “You have long-term achieve goals,” she says, “three things seem Black Lives Matter, the demographic and economic trends, political to matter most: organizational strength of capacity of smartphones More from Stanford opportunity structures, rising expectations, the movement, allies in power, and a focused to make and share high- scholars at and then contradictions—and it’s often the con- and concrete ‘ask’ or demand.” resolution videos of alu.ms/socialchange tradictions that become the triggers that spark In the context of these larger efforts, police violence has been these kinds of social movements,” Freedman social change can also be accelerated by crucial. Similarly, for says. “People have this hope and this belief that events that powerfully move people. Wom- LGBTQ people, the internet has been vital, it’s going to work. And it doesn’t. That’s one en’s lack of political clout became clear in revealing the brutality they face but also pro- reason people start to mobilize.” 1991, when Anita Hill testified about sexual viding a new means of building community. Though the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and harassment before the Senate Judiciary Highlighting how much has changed for the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee. “Women had been mobilizing LGBTQ rights is the 2020 Supreme Court Commission—two victories of the civil rights against violence,” Freedman says, “and then case prohibiting employers from discrimi- movement—also prohibited discrimination there’s this visual on TV—all these white nating on the basis of sexual orientation or on the basis of sex, women faced constant male senators grilling this Black woman, gender. The decision referred to the Civil prejudice. This contradiction between enacting a history of sexualized racism Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits work- promise and reality led to the creation of the through their disbelief of her account. That is place discrimination on account of race, National Organization for Women, which put when a cohort of women decided to run for color, religion, sex or national origin. Nearly more women in office, organized marches office to try to change that picture.” Another 60 years later, in Bostock v. Clayton County, and lobbied for women’s rights. “Very often, such event was in 2017, when sexual assault Stanford law professor Pamela Karlan argued I think, you get the law but then it is not and harassment allegations against Harvey that the plaintiff’s firing due to sexual orien- making enough of a difference,” Freedman Weinstein rocketed #MeToo—created more tation constituted discrimination on the says, “and you have to go further now that it’s than a decade earlier by activist Tarana basis of sex. The court agreed, 6–3. on the books.” Such laws legitimize protests, Burke—into public consciousness. And yet, though the LGBTQ movement, as with Bloody Sunday, when Black Ameri- In addition to the work of movements, like the women’s rights movement, has lever- cans demanded the right to vote promised another route exists for sudden change, aged legislative wins made possible by Black nearly a century earlier by the 15th Freedman says: “Sometimes there’s so little activists, the struggle for LGBTQ rights is a

1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1968 1969 César Chávez A quarter-million Civil Rights Act Bloody Sunday: National Martin Luther Members of the starts the labor people attend of 1964 ends A march from Selma Organization for King Jr. is LGBT community union that will the March on segregation in to Montgomery in Women is founded. assassinated. riot against police become United Washington, where public places and support of voting raids at the Farm Workers. Martin Luther bans employment rights receives Founding of the The American Stonewall Inn King Jr. gives his discrimination national attention Black Panther Indian Movement in New York’s “I Have a Dream” based on protected when Alabama Party for Self- is founded. Greenwich Village. speech. characteristics. state troopers Defense, a attack the peaceful revolutionary Equal Pay Act protesters. socialist political prohibits wage organization. discrimination on Voting Rights Act the basis of sex. of 1965 enables federal oversight of registration practices and bans suppression tactics.

STANFORD 35 How to Build a Movement

case apart. Karlan tells the story of Bowers v. distribution were central to changing attitudes equality in their state,” Rosenfeld says, “but Hardwick, the 1986 Supreme Court decision toward them, Karlan says: “Nobody wakes up three days later there was, because there upholding a Georgia statute making homo- one day to find out that their kid is Black or wasn’t really a basis for resisting it. It didn’t sexual sex a felony punishable by 20 years in undocumented, but all sorts of conservatives cost the state anything to provide the mar- prison. “When the justices all went to meet woke up to find out their kids were gay.” riage licenses to same-sex couples.” This after they’d heard the oral argument, where This shift in attitudes toward LGBTQ distinction is important: Marriage equality is it was just the nine of them in the room, Jus- people has been remarkable. In 1988, only a nondisplacing movement, he explains. It tice Powell said that he didn’t think he’d ever 11 percent of Americans favored same-sex didn’t threaten the resources of other groups. met anyone who was gay,” Karlan says. “If marriage. Today, 68 percent do, says soci- He compares the 2015 decision with that of you fast-forward to 2003, when the Supreme ology professor Michael Rosenfeld, the Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which Court overruled the Bowers v. Hardwick case, department’s chair. “U.S. public opinion was ruled against racial segregation in public the man who argued the case for the two gay so hostile to gay rights that gay people didn’t schools. Resisting that was easier because it men who’d been charged with a crime was really have a chance to come out of the required material investment and structural Justice Powell’s former clerk, who was closet,” he says. “The police persecuted them. changes: building schools, hiring teachers, himself an openly gay man.” After the argu- The social stigma against gay people was just busing students. By some accounts, Amer- ment, Karlan was in the courtroom with tremendous, so in some ways it’s the most ican schools today are nearly as segregated another lawyer when Linda Green- dramatic story of social change and as in the 1960s. house, the New York Times public opinion change that Supreme Court correspondent, we know of.” ON THE THRESHOLD joined them. “The lawyer said Rosenfeld is a social demog- While social change has no simple formula, to Linda, ‘What did you think rapher who published a 2010 the concept of thresholds describes how was the most interesting thing paper showing no educational movements can escalate. Professor of soci- about the argument?’ and Linda disadvantage for children of ology Mark Granovetter defines a threshold as looked at him and said, ‘The bar same-sex couples. He was called the point at which, once a certain number of section of the Supreme Court.’ And to testify in DeBoer v. Snyder, in people have joined, a particular individual will what she meant was that huge numbers which a lesbian couple challenged also join—for whatever reasons are specific to of former law clerks to the justices who were Michigan’s ban on same-sex adoption. The them. In the case of a protest turning into a gay or lesbian or bisexual had come back to case went to the Supreme Court alongside riot, some individuals will join if they see only see the argument. And when the justices others in Obergefell v. Hodges, resulting in one or two others take action. “Pretty soon came out from behind the curtain and they the 2015 ruling that same-sex couples have everyone is rioting because the zero-threshold looked out at that audience, there were a the right to marry under the 14th Amend- person throws the rock through a window and whole bunch of gay people who they liked and ment—itself ratified in 1868 to grant formerly that activates the person with threshold one they respected and they admired and who were enslaved people citizenship rights and equal and they join in, and then that activates the part of their family.” Though activists had spent protection under the law. threshold two and so on, until everybody is decades cultivating gay pride, the coming out of “There were plenty of politicians in more involved,” Granovetter says. LGBTQ people accelerated in the 1990s and conservative states in the South who argued And yet subtle variations in people’s

2000s; this and their demographic that there wasn’t going to be marriage thresholds can significantly change an NEWS SERVICE; A. CICERO/STANFORD LINDA FROM TOP: COMMONS BLUE/CREATIVE FIBONACCI

1970 1972 1973 1986 1989 1990 1991

The first gay Title IX is passed The American Bowers v. Kimberlé The Americans Anita Hill testifies pride marches to prevent sex Psychiatric Hardwick upholds Crenshaw with Disabilities in the confirmation take place in major discrimination Association a Georgia introduces Act extends civil hearings of cities across at educational removes statute making the term rights protections Clarence Thomas, the United States. institutions. homosexuality homosexual sex intersectionality. to people with who joins the from the a felony. disabilities. Supreme Court. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. PHOTO CREDIT PHOTO

36 SEPTEMBER 2020 How to Build a Movement

outcome. Slightly increasing strategy of nonviolence, inspired heard of, on days when other Black pro- a single person’s threshold by Mahatma Gandhi, in turn testers were killed. So while inflection points from two to three might prevent inspired César Chávez’s approach make for tidy stories of change, the most a protest from happening if no to United Farm Workers, a largely important story is perhaps that of the long one else is present with threshold Mexican American labor union that he civil rights movement and the long history two. This highlights the importance of young co-founded with Dolores Huerta, who devised of the struggle for human rights. people in movements. For many causes, its motto Sí se puede—“Yes we can”—itself Like Carson, Allyson Hobbs, director young people appear more inclined to act— taken up by movements and leaders around the of Stanford’s African and African American their threshold is often lower—and their world, including Barack Obama. As in the ’60s, studies program, emphasizes the length sheer numbers may in turn trigger higher- events of the past few years may be an indica- of the civil rights movement and the impor- threshold people to join their cause. tion that many thresholds have been crossed: tance of understanding activism dating back Thresholds also apply to shifts in attitude, with #MeToo; the 2017 Women’s March, the to the Civil War, if not earlier. There were such as toward gay marriage, in a domino largest single-day protest in American his- constant efforts to defend Black communi- effect: People coming out leads to people tory; and Black Lives Matter—perhaps the ties against white brutality, as in summer who are more risk-averse coming out, largest movement in U.S. history, with up to 1919, after the First World War. “A number of which in turn helps change the attitudes 26 million believed to have joined the George Black soldiers were lynched in their military of more straight people. As larger numbers Floyd protests thus far. uniform,” she says. “These Black soldiers of straight people become accepting, the were coming back, and they’re thinking, ‘We more reluctant among them follow suit. LOOKING INWARD fought for this country. We were going to give Thresholds may also explain how move- “When I was 19 at the March on Washington,” our lives for this country. We can’t come back ments multiply and generate support for one Carson recalls, “I had nothing to do with and nothing’s changed.’” another, which may be why the 1960s were so organizing. I was just a 19-year-old kid To understand the struggle for human explosive. The era was also a major inflection attending my first demonstration. I’ve since rights and dignity, she emphasizes, requires point in the rights of Mexican Americans, says learned that it took veteran organizers and engaging with complexity, with concepts like associate professor of history Ana Raquel all the civil rights groups together months of intersectionality—a term introduced by Minian. “Chicano groups could draw inspira- planning to produce a protest of 200,000 legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989 tion from the struggles of African Americans. people.” He also learned about the long tradi- that refers to the ways in which an individual’s Additionally, the prominence of the Black civil tion of social movements. The Southern social and political identities, such as race, rights movement helped other social move- Christian Leadership Conference, estab- gender, class, sexuality, appearance and ments attain visibility and produced an lished in 1957 after the Montgomery Bus ability, combine in distinct expressions of atmosphere in which Americans were more Boycott victory and presided over by King, privilege and discrimination. ready to support people of color and minori- was run by individuals who previously orga- Within the context of this larger struggle, ties.” The ’60s saw a flourishing of such nized with the Communist Party, the labor Hobbs sees the George Floyd protests as an groups, with the Native American Red Power movement and the NAACP. Carson himself inflection point, fueled by the pandemic— movement looking to Black Power activists became active in SNCC and the antiwar 40 million Americans unemployed, young and Chicano groups like the Young Lords and movement, and he was beaten up by police in people out of school with time on their

LINDA A. CICERO/STANFORD NEWS SERVICE A. CICERO/STANFORD LINDA Brown Berets to the Black Panthers. King’s protests that many Americans have never hands—and by the even more apparent

2003 2006 2009 2013 2015 2017 2020

The Supreme #MeToo The Matthew Black Lives In Obergefell v. Women’s March George Floyd Court overrules movement is Shepard and James Matter is founded Hodges, Supreme becomes largest protests Bowers v. founded. Byrd Jr. Hate after George Court affirms single-day protest commence. Hardwick. Crimes Prevention Zimmerman is the right to gay in U.S. history. Act is passed. acquitted in the marriage. Bostock v. Clayton It is named for shooting of #MeToo Co. holds that the Shepard, a Trayvon Martin, movement gains Civil Rights Act of 21-year-old gay a 17-year-old energy with 1964 prohibits man tortured and Black boy. allegations against employment murdered by other Harvey Weinstein. discrimination on men, and Byrd, a the basis of sexual Black man tortured orientation and and murdered gender identity. by white supremacists. PHOTO CREDIT PHOTO

STANFORD 37 How to Build a Movement

racial inequity: Black people with sig- could end up graduating with a major CONFRONTING nificantly higher rates of COVID-19 in African American studies and have hospitalization and death than a completely incoherent education.” ANTI-BLACK RACISM whites, and the sense that America Gaining a sense of the complexity AT STANFORD is failing to provide basic services of race and social justice in America, like testing and health care. Then, Hobbs argues, requires faculty to University renews efforts to improve she says, “we had this unbelievably teach the nuances. And that an inclusion, instruction and campus safety. traumatizing experience of seeing a increasing number of white students man lynched—murdered on TV and want to study race and understand “The events of recent weeks following the murder in the most protracted—I mean, the history of African Americans sug- of George Floyd have made us all painfully aware of horrific way—and I think for many gests that further thresholds are the shameful legacy of anti-Black racism and how it white people that was a real shock being crossed—that social change endures in our communities and our country,” Stanford to the conscience, because there may, in fact, be accelerating. “There’s president Marc Tessier-Lavigne wrote in his June 30 was no way to explain it as anything a real hunger for a strong African email to the Stanford community. He described the steps the university is taking to create a more inclu- other than murder.” American studies department, and sive campus environment, such as hiring 10 new Hobbs now hopes to see the it’s not just among Black students,” faculty members in the humanities, social sciences increased awareness following the she says. “Engineers, computer sci- and STEM fields—“eminent scholars and researchers protests manifest at Stanford. In the entists, premed students will say, ‘I who are leaders in the study of the impact of race in long arc of movements pushing for know it’s important for me to under- America.” Tessier-Lavigne also announced the creation social justice, progress at Stanford stand the complexity of race in our of the Center for Racial Justice at Stanford Law has in many ways mirrored the society in order for me to be a better School, which will make policy proposals and publish research papers while offering conferences, work- larger situation in the United States, engineer, to be a better computer shops, public programs and policy labs. reflecting a repeated pattern of scientist, to be a better doctor.’ Furthermore, the university has set the goal of abrupt, significant change followed I often have to turn down students. fostering a new generation of scholars working on by relative quiescence. For instance, I had 80 students signed up for a race in America through the IDEAL Engage initiative the African and African American seminar that was capped at 16. The (Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Access in a Learning studies program was very much a need, the desire, the hunger is there, Environment). The Provostial IDEAL Fellows Program product of its era—created in 1968, but we’re not meeting it.” will provide three-year fellowships to four or five recent PhD recipients whose research focuses on four days after King’s assassination, She refers to “The Other race and ethnicity. IDEAL Engage is also offering after Black Student Union members America,” the speech that King gave antibias training programs for staff and senior lead- took the mic from the provost in at Stanford in 1967, in which he said ership; career development programs for staff of Memorial Auditorium and made 10 that Americans must condemn the color; and Brave Spaces, a virtual forum in which demands about Black representa- conditions that give rise to riots as staff can discuss anti-Black racism with the goal of tion, hiring and curriculum. Nine of vigorously as they condemn riots. creating a more inclusive campus experience. In them were met. And yet more than Without a long view of history, addition to these efforts, Tessier-Lavigne has appointed deputy athletic director Patrick Dunkley 50 years later, despite ongoing Hobbs says, without a deep knowl- and professor emeritus of psychology Claude Steele recruitment and retention efforts, edge of the complexity of race, we as co-chairs of the newly created Community Board only 2 percent of faculty are Black. will see events without truly under- on Public Safety, which will evaluate the Stanford In the wake of the George Floyd standing them. She quotes King: community’s relationship with policing as well as protests, the university is redoubling “‘But in the final analysis, a riot is improve its communication with the university’s its efforts to increase the number of the language of the unheard. And department of public safety. scholars who study race (see sidebar). what is it that America has failed to Future projects include conducting a university-wide self-study on how best to support race and ethnicity Hobbs would also like to see the hear? It has failed to hear that the studies; finding a new director of the Martin Luther African and African American studies plight of the Negro poor has wors- King, Jr. Research and Education Institute; determining program become a department, a ened over the last few years. It has whether the African and African American Studies change that would require a vote by failed to hear that the promises of program should become a department; and forming the Faculty Senate. “There’s not even freedom and justice have not been a Black Community Council, which will connect Black one dedicated faculty member for met. And it has failed to hear that alumni with students, faculty and staff to provide African American studies,” Hobbs large segments of white society are guidance with initiatives to support Stanford’s Black community. says. “We have to cobble together a cur- more concerned about tranquility These programs and more are just the starting riculum. We’re always scrambling at and the status quo than about jus- point, Tessier-Lavigne says in his letter. “Eliminating the last minute to get people to teach tice, equality and humanity.’” n racial injustice on our campus, and helping eradicate our core courses, and students are only it in our society, will require a rigorous, comprehen- really getting two classes dedicated to Deni Ellis Béchard is the senior sive and sustained effort.” African American studies. All the other writer at Stanford. Email him at classes are cross-listed, so a student [email protected].

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MARTY HARTIGAN LOST HIS LIMBS. THEN HE CHEERED UP HIS FRIENDS.

MARTY HARTIGAN THOUGHT HE HAD THE FLU. His answer: “No! I want to be resuscitated!” resembled one of those picture-perfect After his typical Sunday night red-eye from Then, he says, “I blacked out for 10 days.” holiday cards. He was a partner at one of the his home in Coto de Caza, Calif., to Chicago, When he regained consciousness, Hartigan world’s top consulting firms and lived in a the Deloitte consultant felt unusually tired. learned he had nearly died. A strep A bacte- Southern California house with a home gym. Then, during a client meeting on Monday, rial infection, possibly from strep throat, and He had married his sweetheart from his Hartigan, ’89, felt chills and tried to keep his body’s unusually strong inflammatory UCLA business-school days, Darcey, who from shaking. On Tuesday, he stayed in his response to it, had dramatically lowered taught high school until the arrival of their apartment, drinking Gatorade and taking his blood pressure, causing septic shock second child, Matt, now a sophomore at Tylenol. The next morning, July 17, 2019, his and multiorgan failure. A rare hyperclotting Indiana University. There was, of course, a daughter, Kayleigh, then a rising junior at the condition called purpura fulminans led to downside: “We weren’t together much,” says University of Virginia who was visiting on a blocked arteries throughout his body and, Hartigan, who often spent four or five days layover, noticed her dad struggling to talk. ultimately, to amputations of both lower legs, a week traveling to clients in places like She refused to leave for the airport until he one forearm and most of his opposite hand. Texas and Mississippi, though he still man- saw a doctor. She googled the closest emer- “Anyone who needs the intensive care unit aged to coach Little League. gency room and called an Uber to go to could die,” says Clara Schroedl, the assistant Hartigan’s hospitalization and, nine Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Hartigan, professor of medicine and medical educa- months later, the pandemic shutdown, com- wearing flip-flops, shorts and his Winston tion at Northwestern University who was bined to change all that. The family spent Churchill “We Shall Never Surrender” T-shirt, Hartigan’s critical-care doctor during the this spring huddled in Hartigan’s two-room couldn’t even stand on the elevator ride down first few days. “Even within our intensive Chicago apartment, with rehab and college from the 35th floor. When he arrived at the care unit, we have severity of illness that on pause. (Marty and Darcey have since ER with Kayleigh, he remembers someone varies. He was way on the side of severe.” returned to Southern California.) “It’s like asking if he had a do-not-resuscitate order. Until summer 2019, Hartigan’s life had a second chance,” Kayleigh says. “We

BY KAREN SPRINGEN

UNDEFEATEDSTANFORD 41 UNDEFEATED CORE TEAM: Hartigan, clad in his “ubiquitous Adidas sweats,” works out with Vinci de Vanegas (left) and makes the all-important coffee and a PB&J with Wilmsen (right).

appreciate the things we didn’t appreciate before, like being together.” And going to the bathroom, in Hartigan’s case. He spent a few unhappy weeks on dialysis before his kidneys miraculously started to work again. “I started to tell people I was the king of pee,” says Har- tigan. “I never got upset. I never went through the ‘Why me?’”

‘KIND OF FLUKY’ There was no foreshadowing, no hint of a brewing medical emergency. Hartigan remembers feeling great at a July 3 barbecue in Coto de Caza. “Oddly enough, my memory is very hazy of the two weeks before I got sick,” Hartigan says. (The two were each other’s “Every time a doctor walked in the room, my he says. In retrospect, he thinks he “possibly” best man at their respective weddings.) heart would constrict,” Darcey says. “I really had a sore throat the weekend before he In the emergency room, doctors put hated when the doctors came in the room.” ended up in the ER. But he isn’t sure. Hartigan on a ventilator to preserve brain And yet, every time, Hartigan pulled “You can get sepsis from any kind of function, gave him antibiotics to treat the through. The staff nicknamed him Marty infection—a dog bite, a urinary tract infec- infection and administered vasopressors to Harty—seemingly a play on hardy and hearty, tion,” says Fritz Glaser, ’89, MS ’89, an raise his dangerously low blood pressure. says internal medicine resident Avni Bavishi, orthopedic surgeon in Fresno, Calif., and a When Darcey arrived from California, she who kept one of the “MartyStrong” bracelets Sigma Chi brother of Hartigan’s. “Marty’s was was “completely shocked,” she says. “No one Darcey had handed out as a talisman. She kind of fluky.” Glaser jumped in to serve as told me when I walked in there that he would remembers when Darcey learned her hus- Hartigan’s medical interpreter and advocate be on all these life-support machines,” she band might need amputations of his limbs. during his four-month hospital stay, and says—and they reminded her of her father’s Darcey’s response, Bavishi says, was imme- later “MacGyvered” an easy wheelchair-to- death nine years prior. She called her sister diate and clear-eyed: “That’s fine. Marty can toilet seat, a shower chair and a shower head and broke down crying. “I said, ‘He looks live without his limbs, but we can’t live with a hose for his Chicago apartment. “He’s really bad. He looks like Dad,’” she says. without Marty.” the most loyal human being I’ve ever met,” Physicians kept delivering dire prognoses. Ensuring that enough blood and oxygen flowed to Hartigan’s heart and brain—the priority—meant not enough could get to his extremities. So when he regained consciousness, he saw that his limbs were “shriveled and dark—like, brown,” he says. Doctors ‘MARTY CAN LIVE amputated his legs from just below the knee (on August 9), his left arm below his elbow WITHOUT HIS LIMBS, (August 15), and the right thumb, index finger, pinky and middle finger down to its last joint (also August 15). Initially, Hartigan BUT WE CAN’T LIVE called these residual limbs his “stumps” or his “stubs,” he says. “One of the therapists said in a very nice way, ‘Your residuals.’” WITHOUT MARTY.’ Over nearly three months, Hartigan had 18 surgeries, many of them to remove dead

42 SEPTEMBER 2020 Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine. “It’s a long road.” A year after his near-death experience, the former Stanford rugby player who ran 1,000 miles in 2018 is coming to terms with a different life and body. “Life as a quad amputee is the new normal,” Hartigan says. A fit 185 pounds before he entered the hospital, he weighed just 125 pounds four months tissue to preserve his knees with an eye my tooth cracked. I had a pity party for about later, when he transferred to AbilityLab. (He toward his future mobility. “It’s much easier a half hour.” is now back up to 165, which, minus an esti- to learn to walk on prosthetics where you mated 20 pounds for the amputated limbs, have your knee,” Hartigan explains. Some of is the full Marty.) the operations took eight to 10 hours. “You THE REHAB ROAD “It’s a big change all at once,” says Eileen have to sew blood vessels under the micro- After his release from Northwestern Wilmsen, Hartigan’s occupational therapist scope,” says Jason Ko, an associate professor Memorial in November, Hartigan moved to at AbilityLab. “It’s the kind of recovery that and Hartigan’s plastic surgeon at North- the nearby Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, where he may take months, years, to be back into that western. “Marty is and was the best patient worked daily for six weeks with physical and normal routine. Marty’s putting in every- ever. Life is short. These terrible things can occupational therapists to regain strength and thing he’s got.” happen. No matter what ridiculous decision learn how to slide out of bed into a wheelchair. In January, Wilmsen was helping Hartigan we had to make, he always remained positive.” Then he moved back to his Chicago apart- figure out new ways to perform everyday But no one, not even Hartigan, can be per- ment, returning to AbilityLab twice a week for tasks: how to shave, toast a bagel and spread petually positive after losing parts of all four three hours of PT and OT. “He’s really had a it with cream cheese, take a shower, eat inde- limbs. His low point? Breaking his tooth on a great attitude about the whole thing and a lot pendently and transfer from his wheelchair Subway flatbread chicken sandwich in of gratitude,” says Mark Huang, an AbilityLab to the toilet. Hartigan calls them “things you October. “I was despondent,” he says. “I physician and a professor in the department take for granted.” By February, he and couldn’t believe that after everything else, of physical medicine and rehabilitation at Wilmsen were working on “life hacks,” such as

STANFORD 43 FAMILY TIES: Chess with Matt in the spring (left), the Hartigans in June 2019 (center), Marty and Darcey back in California in August. “We are riding off into the sunset together,” Darcey says.

using a tongue depressor to pop open the lids of food-storage containers. Reusable storage bags proved trickier. “Ziploc is like Kryptonite to me,” Hartigan said. He looked around: “What’s next? What can I open next?” Meanwhile, in physical therapy, Laura Vinci de Vanegas had Hartigan balance on a big medicine ball. “If I fell forward, I’d fall on my face,” noted Hartigan afterward. “I was nervous, but I just kind of went for it.” Then he did it again. “Marty, you’ll be teaching adaptive Pilates!” Vinci de Vanegas exclaimed. She emphasized that this work, tasks easier. “No, no, I’m done with amputa- prosthetics,” Darcey says. She thought, and soon, prosthetic legs, would help tions!” he says. He typically texts and types “We’re going home at Christmas.” Of 2019, Hartigan return to life in the community. by dictating to speech-recognition software, that is. Hartigan is philosophical about it. “If Hartigan had already adapted to a left- then correcting its mistakes with the I didn’t have such good doctors, I probably arm prosthetic with a wrist that rotates and remaining joint of his right middle finger. would have been amputated above the knee,” a highly functional hook, folding laundry “Seeing the potential for returning to an he says. “These guys did this amazing job to neat enough to please Marie Kondo. “It’s very independent life, even after an extreme loss reconstruct my knees. In doing so, though, incomplete compared to what an arm would like this, is what we’re trying to help Marty the rehabilitation from the construction has be,” he says. “But if you think of it as a tool, navigate through,” Vinci de Vanegas says. “He been much more difficult than they envi- it’s amazing.” Though his right arm is more is a very motivated, active young person. We sioned, and we thought.” The joints, he intact, he calls it his forgotten limb. “I have a want life with the prosthetic limbs to reflect explains, had frozen to some degree. weird half hand,” Hartigan says. “There’s no, as much of his previous life as possible.” ‘For weird half hands, here’s the device you But the timeline was slower than anyone COVID TIME put on.’” Nevertheless, he does not want to expected. “When we decided he would have Hartigan and Darcey had begun making undergo additional surgery, even if having a to be amputated, it sounded like, ‘It takes two plans—flexible plans—to return home. In late second prosthetic arm might make some months to heal, and then you’ll have 2019, they sold their 4,500-square-foot house in Coto de Caza—too big for empty nesters and not wheelchair friendly. And in April, they bought a one-story home in San Clem- ente, Calif., that they’re retrofitting with an accessible bathroom and wider doorways. ‘THE 2.0 IS BEING But along with their kids, who were finishing their college semesters via Zoom, they spent MORE IN THE PRESENT. March, April and May in Hartigan’s 800-square-foot two-bedroom apartment in IF I LOOK TOO FAR IN Chicago, watching Tiger King, Parasite and Animal House. Hartigan, whose skin was still healing and who couldn’t be bumped during THE FUTURE, IT SEEMS the night, slept in the smaller room, and Matt, Kayleigh and Darcey slept in the other. LIKE THIS IS VERY HARD They fashioned a desk for Matt by duct- taping a closet door to two barstools. AND VERY SLOW.’ Hartigan’s doctors told him to assume he is at high risk of COVID-19 complications, so he temporarily stopped going to outpatient

44 SEPTEMBER 2020 tomorrow,” she says. She is grateful for the example of the couple’s new friend Jay Scher, an athletic 45-year-old and fellow Northwestern patient who lost limbs through septic shock six months before Hartigan. “He’s someone we look up to,” says Darcey, PT and OT. Darcey felt safe running outdoors. and Hartigan had a half inch on him before who notes that he helped them understand Not Kayleigh, who worried she’d contract his amputations.) the possible rehab timeline. COVID-19 and infect her dad. “I tell her, ‘You Regardless of who is taller at any given Advice like Scher’s helps Hartigan focus don’t need to worry,’ and she says, ‘That’s moment, Matt still looks up to his father. For on near-term goals. “I don’t think about it what you told me last time,’” Hartigan said. Christmas, Matt gave Hartigan silver dog tags being like one gigantic milestone,” he says. Meanwhile, Hartigan stayed in the apart- that read, “To my dad. I’ll always be your Instead, he works on learning to be patient— ment and did what he could to prepare his little boy. You’ll always be my hero!” Hartigan “being patient in all ways, being patient when body for prosthetic legs. “They’re holding back always wears them. things are hard to do.” for all the right reasons,” he said. “If I can’t And, he points out, not every outcome of bend my knees, it’s like walking on stilts.” MARTY 2.0 his illness has been negative. “I’ve been on From the moment he woke up, he’d work on Hartigan, who took a yearlong medical leave paid vacation for nine months,” Hartigan said core strength and range of motion for two to of absence and then retired from Deloitte, in the spring. “My whole family is here with three hours each day. “It’s not like I have any- doesn’t know whether he will return to full- me. I’ve seen my friends more in the past nine thing else to do,” he said. “This is it.” time work. In the past, he says, he used to months than in 20 years. In a bad situation, On June 3, it was time. Hartigan took a think, “I’m going to work really hard now there have been a lot of good things.” COVID test and was readmitted to AbilityLab. because then I’ll have the rest of my life to He and Darcey may have missed their The next day, he took his new, custom pros- relax.” But “Marty 2.0,” as he describes him- planned silver-anniversary Caribbean cruise thetic legs for a spin around the lab, using a self, is “rebooting,” focusing on rehab and last September, but now they spend a record walker. The day after that, he walked about then figuring out what’s next later. “I spent a amount of time together. “It’s made me 40 feet. Back in California since July, Har- lot of time thinking about meetings or clients closer to my husband,” says Darcey. “He was tigan now uses the prosthetics and walker or events in the future,” he says. “The 2.0 is gone Monday through Friday. Now we’re rather than a wheelchair when he leaves the being more in the present. If I look too far in glued at the hip. Until I almost lost him, I house. Doctors expect that someday he will the future, it seems like this is very hard and didn’t realize how much I loved him.” be able to run again. very slow.” Hartigan has reconnected with his friends Hartigan was motivated by an additional Darcey, previously a big planner, calls her- from Stanford rugby (he was the president) goal. “I want to be taller than my son again,” self a “day-by-dayer” now. “Lead your life and Sigma Chi (he was the president). Fra-

TOP AND RIGHT: COURTESY DARCEY HARTIGAN DARCEY COURTESY AND RIGHT: TOP he said in the spring. (Matt is 5-foot-11, today because you don’t know about ternity brother Dan Druker, ’88, set up a

STANFORD 45 Sunday virtual cocktail hour with eight of the ’89, that so much of Hartigan’s support has and rugby player J.B. Handley, ’91, who calls guys. He also delivered a signed Stanford come from the Stanford community. “That Hartigan “a combination of a big brother, a football to Hartigan’s hospital room in the rekindling and outpouring—the engagement father and a primary mentor for me,” is trying early days—only to discover that K.J. that went into Marty and his family—that to rally the Stanford guys to go to Las Vegas Costello, ’20, and Austin Maihen, ’19, who happens because of the memories and the rela- when it seems safe to do so, and Hartigan went to high school with Kayleigh and Matt, tionships that Stanford forges with its alumni,” hopes to join them. “There’s a saying at Sigma had beaten him to it. he says. “It’s a combination of Stanford being Chi about strong arms around you,” says “Marty being who he was, the primary guy what it is and Marty being who he is.” Handley. “He has those strong arms around everybody turned to in tough times, made all Hartigan has even talked with Stanford him now. Just because we all went to Stanford of us feel we had to be twice as supportive,” robotics researcher Steve Collins, a professor doesn’t mean we all don’t have hard times.” says Sean Walters, ’91. of mechanical engineering who introduced Every Wednesday at 7 p.m. Pacific, a For their 30th reunion weekend last him to colleagues at AbilityLab. “I found him bunch of those men with strong arms—Glaser, October, Tim Brien, ’89, visited Hartigan in super engaging, smart and helpful,” Hartigan Colglazier, Brien—gather, with Hartigan, on Chicago instead of heading to the Farm. says. Alas, Six Million Dollar Man–style the phone. Hartigan cherishes the time they Sigma Chi brothers Tom Ellis, ’88, and bionic limbs may not be ready in his lifetime. now spend together. “We were all too busy,” Richard Stanley, ’90, came along. “There isn’t “People are fantastic machines,” says Collins. he says. “Ultimately, it’s living in the present anybody who doesn’t like him,” says Brien. “The best robots we have are just barely much more than I did. I was always thinking He sees a parallel between Hartigan’s situa- starting to catch up with humans in a couple about what would come next.” n tion and poker, which the Sigma Chis used to of specific tasks. We have evolved over hun- play together. “Just because you’re dealt a dreds of millions of years. When you try to Karen Springen, ’83, a former Newsweek bad hand doesn’t mean you’re out of the engineer a comparably complex system using correspondent, is a clinical assistant professor game,” says Brien. “You can still win with a design techniques, rather than human evolu- and director of the Journalism Residency bad hand.” tion, it’s way harder.” program at Northwestern University’s It’s no accident, says Michael Colglazier, A shorter-term goal: Fellow Sigma Chi Medill School.

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46 SEPTEMBER 2020 JOSS STICKS, MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAM They say a picture is worth a thousand words, but pictures don’t begin to tell the story. Consider the world in new ways with Stanford scholars.

alumni.stanford.edu/goto/travelstudy

11950.20 TS Sept Mag ad PRINT.indd 5 6/4/20 2:51 PM Typography by DaVidRo • Photograph from National Archives

48 SEPTEMBER 2020 4 Stanford scholars on how the pandemic could transform us.

Walter Scheidel • Michael Wilcox • Kathryn Olivarius • David M. Kennedy STANFORD 49 IF HISTORY IS ANY GUIDE

When the bubonic plague came to Europe in October 1347, it killed more than 20 million people in five years. The crisis created an opportunity to level income inequality, with labor shortages so severe that they drove up average wages. The wealthy fought the economic trend with gusto. If that were Europe today, what might leaders have done differently? If ever there was a time to double down on history lessons, it’s during a crisis like COVID-19. When people faced similar cataclysmic events in centuries past, their descendants often ended up with cautionary tales. Smallpox decimated populations the world over for 1,500 years. Yellow fever perpetuated extreme social inequality in the American South, with enslaved people sent to work in mosquito-ridden cotton fields and “unacclimated” immigrants—i.e., those without antibodies—cast out of the job market. During the Great Depression, the “roaring industrial expansion that had boomed since the Civil War hushed to a near standstill for half a generation,” writes history professor emeritus David M. Kennedy, ’63. But the crises also necessitated inventions, and now we have vaccines and social safety nets and sophisticated monetary policy. Certainly in our lifetimes it’s unprecedented for everyone on the planet to be grappling with the same crisis at the same time. As we contemplate the notion of a broad-based recovery, four history experts weigh in on how we might learn from the past instead of repeating it. —Jill Patton, ’03, MA ’04

What We Can Learn From

Power and resistance to it will shape our recovery from pandemic times.

One lesson we can learn: In the late Middle one of them: It isn’t anything like the Black Death, Ages, the Black Death killed perhaps a third of the or even the Great Depression. As long as quantita- population of Europe. So many succumbed to the tive easing—“printing money,” as the media likes to plague that labor became scarce and demand for land say—keeps corporations afloat and renders mass fell. Yet landowning elites resisted compromise: They unemployment manageable, and modern medicine lobbied rulers to impose laws against higher wages holds out a credible promise of deliverance, our and generally did what they could to keep the masses society is unlikely to experience radical change. Walter Scheidel down. Only where they failed did the poor end up less Instead, the pandemic is boosting shifts that were is a professor of classics and poor and the rich less rich. The lesson is clear: Political already underway, from digitalization of the work- of history and the Dickason power and popular resistance play critical roles in place to skepticism of globalization. It has also Professor in the Humanities. shaping the consequences of a pandemic, and that’s widened the gap between protected and precarious He studies ancient social and economic history. Among his as true today as it was then. workers, between young and old, and between digi- books is The Great Leveler: tally connected and disadvantaged students. Violence and the History of One probable outcome: A big crisis doesn’t Inequality from the Stone Age necessarily change the direction of a society’s devel- One opportunity we can glean: But all is not to the Twenty-First Century, opment: More often than not, it merely accelerates lost. Even lesser crises encourage us to consider in which he makes the case that only catastrophe or mass and amplifies existing trends. Throughout history, alternatives. We saw this in 2008, when the Great violence can substantially only the most dramatic upheavals have turned into Recession put social and economic inequality on

temper economic inequality. true game changers. The coronavirus crisis won’t be the agenda. The current shock once again reminds NEWS SERVICE WIND PICTURE ARCHIVES; STANFORD NORTH FROM TOP:

50 SEPTEMBER 2020 IF HISTORY IS ANY GUIDE

us of this problem, highlighting the lack of progress Even though this crisis won’t be devastating and the need for intervention. As the famous econ- enough to sweep all before it, it should be capable omist Milton Friedman observed, when a crisis of nudging us toward low-hanging fruit: more leads to change, “the actions that are taken depend accessible health care, stronger worker protec- on the ideas that are lying around.” Right now tions, a sustained push for social justice. While there is no shortage of competing ideas, from con- none of this will create an egalitarian wonderland, servative short-term fixes that seek to preserve the such incremental improvements are now well plutocratic order all the way to a Green New Deal. within our reach.

What We Can Learn From

Biological contagion is only part of the story.

One lesson we can learn: I ask people to recon- good health care. Through changes to their diet, sider the idea that diseases are these free-floating, they’re predisposed to comorbidities, such as diabetes. biologically neutral elements of human societies, These comorbidities are not part of any natural biolog- and that when they latch on to a specific population, ical process; with Native peoples, they are a product of it wreaks havoc on them as part of a natural, evolu- colonial policies in the past and also in the present. tionary process. Part of that story is that Native Many communities of color live in food deserts— Americans lacked immunity to these diseases—that places where you don’t have grocery stores. People there’s something deficient in our DNA that did not can’t purchase fresh fruit or vegetables, and they Michael Wilcox allow us to respond to these diseases in the same end up with a lot of processed foods. When those is an Indigenous archaeolo way that Europeans did. communities are affected disproportionately by gist and a senior lecturer in But these same diseases decimated populations COVID-19, you can see there are things that go into Native American studies at the Center for Comparative in Europe. Every year we still have to get inocula- their poor outcomes that don’t have anything to do Studies in Race and Ethnicity. tions for all types of infectious diseases. People talk with their not wanting to be healthy or their having He was on the anthropology about disease in the Americas as if it erased “virgin” poor health and hygiene habits. I’m worried about faculty from 2001 to 2017. He Native populations. But pathogens move and adapt poor communities being blamed for things. And the studies the intersections of to our circumstances and behaviors. We need to ease with which we seem to be writing off our elderly colonial violence, disease, forcible removal and food include colonialism as part of this equation—social population as expendable blows my mind. sovereignty in Indigenous and sexual violence, land dispossession, lack of populations. His Bay Area– access to clean water and traditional foods all could One opportunity we can glean: We have a problem based research challenges be considered comorbidities. Population declines in this country right now with articulating a sense of the contention that California were the product of a whole host of factors directly community that we all can believe in. The impact of Indians became extinct during the colonial period. related to colonial activities. that is that our political divisions are playing out in our One consequence of the mission system in Cali- health outcomes. There are real manifestations of fornia was that Native people were put into barracks not believing that you are connected to your fellow that had 20 to 30 people in a single room. The rooms human beings. were segregated by sex, so people were not allowed Americans like to believe that we are part of a to reproduce. These tightly packed quarters are the special social experiment where life, liberty and the exact nightmare for disease spread. pursuit of happiness is something that we all share. Colonization wasn’t an accident. The health out- But it doesn’t seem like we have really figured out comes of Native peoples, who were at the bottom of how to create or maintain community as a nation the social ladder in colonial societies, were purpose- when we need one another. fully engineered that way. Our society is being driven apart at the same time that we need to act as one. We are raising ques- One probable outcome: Look at the way that tions about who we are and how we act appropriately COVID-19 is affecting different populations. On the toward those who are most vulnerable in our society. Navajo reservation, many people don’t have access to Are they us or are they not us? If they’re us, then we

FROM TOP: NORTH WIND PICTURE ARCHIVES; LINDA A. CICERO/STANFORD NEWS SERVICE A. CICERO/STANFORD WIND PICTURE ARCHIVES; LINDA NORTH FROM TOP: clean water to wash their hands. There isn’t access to need to act.

STANFORD 51 IF HISTORY IS ANY GUIDE

What We Can Learn From

The problems with privilege mount up.

One lesson we can learn: Disease is never just a responsibility of the government; it’s the responsi- biological event. It’s a social and economic one, too. bility of individuals to take on disease risk. Epidemics show the seams of society—what’s strong It’s framed as a choice, but this is not a real and what’s not. In the case of yellow fever, which in choice for many people. They don’t have an option the 19th century killed about 50 percent of the people but to go back to work, often in very dangerous cir- it infected, it exacerbated many forms of privilege cumstances. This is disproportionately true of people and discrimination that already existed. Society of color, poor people, undocumented people, wage- became stratified not just along the lines of race but workers without the kind of leverage or recourse Kathryn Olivarius also by this immunity calculus, with so-called accli- that others have. We’ve already seen people make is an assistant professor of history. She studies 19th- mated citizens on the top. If you were unacclimated, the rational choice to go out and get sick so that they century America with a focus you could not get a job. You could not live in certain can hold this immunity credential. That invites on the antebellum South, the places. You could not get life insurance. Being huge, huge problems for people’s individual health greater Caribbean, slavery immune became one of the most important creden- and their community’s health. and disease. Her research tials you could possess. The system of privilege that explores how epidemic yellow fever disrupted developed enabled the economy to keep functioning. One opportunity we can glean: Americans are society in the Deep South There are many differences between 19th-century individualistic. Hopefully, this can become a civics when, nearly every summer, yellow fever and 21st-century COVID-19. The latter is lesson in how to build a more collaborative society: the mosquito-borne virus a lot less fatal. We were able to map the genome of We Californians have to cooperate with Texans, who killed up to 10 percent of this virus almost immediately. However, we are seeing have to cooperate with Germans, etc. And obviously, the urban population. some of the same social effects as we await a vaccine. wear a mask to protect those around you. There is incredibly disparate access to health care. One We could also fundamentally restructure health of the things that is very similar—and scary—is that care to acknowledge that it’s a right deserved by we are potentially looking at an endemic disease that everyone; that it actually benefits society writ large we’re going to have to live with long term and adapt to. for everyone to have access. We could use this moment to reset quite a few sectors of our economy and gover- One probable outcome: Some leaders have nance, to try to make people feel protected and valued adopted the line that it’s almost a patriotic act to go by the state. New Orleans in the 19th-century South back to work and “reopen” our economy. This sets never did any of this stuff. They doubled down on a off a sort of lightning bolt in my head. That is exactly hyper-libertarian attitude toward health. The end the cynical, ultra-individualist, blindly commercial result—biologically justified inequality—wasn’t attitude we saw before: that public health is not the pretty. We don’t need to go back to that world.

What We Can Learn From

If an issue sticks around long enough, a sluggish system may rise to the challenge.

One lesson we can learn: The Great Depression of work by early 1933, in an age that knew nothing of lasted 11 years, as customarily measured, from 1929 unemployment insurance or any kind of meaningful to 1940. Its initial impact was especially swift and safety net. Yet candidate Franklin Roosevelt was not

brutal, putting one of every four breadwinners out alone in 1932 when he reflected on the mystifying NEWS SERVICE WIND PICTURE ARCHIVES (2); STANFORD NORTH FROM TOP: CLOCKWISE

52 SEPTEMBER 2020 IF HISTORY IS ANY GUIDE

docility and stoic passivity of the Depression’s the Social Security Act—date from mid-decade, victims. “Repeatedly he spoke of this,” Roosevelt five years into the Depression and two or more into confidant and brain truster Rexford Tugwell Roosevelt’s tenure. Thanks to lessons learned from recorded, “saying that it was enormously puzzling that episode, the Great Recession was stopped in its to him that the ordeal of the past three years had tracks in a matter of months, and the window of been endured so peaceably.” Americans of that day political opportunity was slammed shut. proved remarkably capable of submitting to long- So what should we expect the COVID crisis to term misery as a way of life. produce? If, as some anticipate, an effective vaccine Today’s Americans show no such qualities of is developed quickly, the crisis will have proved to patient resignation in the face of hardship, nor do be relatively short-lived and we should therefore their leaders—as dramatically evidenced in the rapid not expect to see big consequences. But if, dreadful counter-punches that both the outgoing Bush admin- thought, the pandemic and its attendant economic istration and the incoming Obama administration paralysis persist for years, we might see major delivered to the Great Recession in 2008–2009, not changes, for better or for worse. to mention the bipartisan relief measures enacted at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Not least One opportunity we can glean: We live in a because of the Depression experience, we are much constitutional order and a two-century-old political less prepared to tolerate remediable misery and culture that by intention and habit are formidable more ready to accept—indeed, to demand—that the impediments to change. In such a system, lasting full panoply of governmental power be deployed change, if it happens at all, comes only in the con- when crisis strikes. text of hugely disruptive calamities, like the Civil Unlike the still-debated drivers of the Great War and the Great Depression. The founders, in Depression, the root cause of today’s crisis—the short, built a political machine designed to con- SARS-CoV-2 virus—is a sharply focused target strain the exercise of power, not facilitate it. against which the formidable weight of this and So, the arc of possibility in our own day will be many other governments is being thrown. So largely defined not only by the depth but also by the there’s good reason to believe we are not doomed duration of this crisis. One might better say of these to repeat our forebears’ decade-long ordeal. three crises: pandemic, economic coma, and strenu- ously renewed calls for racial justice in the wake of One probable outcome: Much will depend on its the killings of George Floyd and others. David M. Kennedy, ’63 duration. The Great Depression provided the oppor- If there is a point at which these three crises con- is the Donald J. McLachlan tunity for the Franklin Roosevelt administration to verge, it’s likely to be in the realm of health care. Professor of History, Emeritus. enact the New Deal, a comprehensive set of innova- The last several months have surfaced several defi- His scholarship integrates economic and cultural anal tions that permanently transformed much of the ciencies and associated inequities afflicting our ysis with social and political American social and economic landscape, in my society: the inadequacy of governmental institu- history, with particular atten judgment for the better. tions tasked to protect the public’s health (despite tion paid to the concept of At the outset of the Obama administration, in countless warnings from epidemiologists over many American national character. 2009, many people believed that a comparably years about the need to prepare for increasingly likely He won the Pulitzer Prize in History for his 1999 book, transformative moment had arrived. The parallels pandemics); the vulnerability of patients whose med- Freedom from Fear: The with the Hoover-to-Roosevelt transition in 1933 ical insurance is tied to their place of employment; American People in Depres- were ubiquitously invoked: a reform-minded Demo- the fragility of a consumer-based economy when con- sion and War, 1929–1945. cratic president succeeding a failed (or surely less sumers are confined to their quarters; and, though than fully successful) Republican, in the midst of a not caused but amplified by the media coverage of cataclysmic economic crisis apparently careening racist police behavior, the scarcely less scandalous toward Great Depression 2.0. Obama’s first chief of revelation that communities of color have the staff, Rahm Emanuel, summed up the mood in a poorest health and the highest COVID-19–related memorable quip: “You never want a serious crisis mortality rates of all Americans. to go to waste.” But for all the extravagant hopes of So if the energies generated in these several that moment, the Obama administration managed dimensions of disruption can somehow be coordi- to achieve only modest reforms (notably including nated and focused, we might at last join the family of the still-contested Affordable Care Act). nations—that’s virtually all of them in the so-called The Great Depression lasted more than a decade; developed world—who manage to provide quality

STANFORD NEWS SERVICE STANFORD the New Deal’s principal and lasting reforms —notably health care to all their citizens, all the time. n

STANFORD 53 Biblio File

REVIEW Your Attention, Please

WORKING PARENTS ARE chucking the checklist, the not only the physical and mental bone-tired. authors intrinsically understand work of, say, cooking dinners That much is clear with two that stepping off the hamster and tracking appointments, but Southern California professors’ wheel requires much more also two much less heralded well-documented tour of our effort than we think. categories: the coordinating triple-crown quest to be the Toward that end, via eight work required to arrange “Ideal Worker,” the “Perfect years of research and observa- schedules, and the emotional LENORA CHU is a journalist and the Parent” and the “Ultimate Body.” tion, the authors have given us labor of recognizing and author of Little Soldiers: Among the memorable stories the terminology to assist our appreciating those who make An American Boy, A included in Dreams of the search for sanity. “Scaffolding” our dreams possible. Chinese School and the Overworked: Living, Working builds the floor underneath the Ultimately, the book is a Global Race to Achieve. She graduated from and Parenting in the Digital Age, daily quicksand that might call to action to celebrate our Stanford with a BS in by Christine M. Beckman, ’91, otherwise sink us, the authors unsung heroes. The authors civil engineering. MA ’91, PhD ’99, and Melissa write, as they describe the many cannot be faulted for falling Mazmanian, is that of a single layers of informal, community short when it comes to deceler- mother who aims for a daily and paid help that make it ating the frenzy: They implore 4:30 a.m. treadmill run before possible to keep our busy lives us to ask more of our tech- dropping off her kids at school, on track. Roger’s wife, for nology, our employers and our with only a Starbucks vanilla example, manages their politicians—whom, they write, latte fueling her hour-long children’s schedules so that he we should lobby to align commute. may train for a triathlon. Olivia’s workday and school hours, and Sound familiar? As Beckman childcare is bolstered by willing also to fund universal preschool. and Mazmanian trail the family grandparents and paid assis- Also, we should “relax” and “get lives of nine California-based tants. Katrina’s half-sister lives some sleep,” they say. In the end, executives, it’s indisputable that in-house to manage the children, though, the insight and timeli- the “mental checklist is long” in while neighbors of other lucky ness of this working-family study their daily schedules, which could research subjects might drop off is matched only by the sense of be described as insane. Yet while groceries before dinner. impossibility that we face in other experts might recommend What’s especially eye- relieving the exhaustion. n opening is the authors’ crafting of language to make all this invisible work, well, visible. It’s

When someone wants someone else’s attention they just have to give the string the tiniest of tugs (send a text, leave a Snapchat video, drop an email) and the tug is felt instantly, with force. Dreams of the Overworked: Living, Working and Parenting in the Digital Age, by Christine M. Beckman, ’91, MA ’91, PhD ’99, and Melissa Mazmanian; Stanford University Press. FROM TOP: COURTESY LENORA CHU; JENNIFER WORRELL LENORA CHU; JENNIFER WORRELL COURTESY FROM TOP:

54 SEPTEMBER 2020 We Recommend Rethinking It

The Break the Good Vanishing Half Girl Myth: How Members Only Brit Bennett, Take Two: to Dismantle The Henna Artist Sameer Pandya, ’12; Riverhead A Journal for New Outdated Rules, Alka Joshi, ’80; PhD ’02; Books. A family Beginnings Unleash Your Mira Books. Houghton Mifflin. fracture nearly a Kate Simpson, Power, and Constrained by An Indian- half-century long MA ’98, Ellen Design a More the life pre- American begins when one Watson and Kari Purposeful Life scribed for her professor’s life twin sister aban- Herer; Chronicle Majo Molfino, in 1950s India, hurtles toward dons the other Books. If ever MA ’13; Harper 17-year-old ruin after he not long after there was a year One. Yes girl no Lakshmi finds blurts out a racist the two run away desperate for a more: Use design her own way after quip in a botched from their skin- do-over, it’s 2020. thinking to escaping her attempt at color-obsessed This gift-perfect summon your abusive husband. connection. Louisiana gem gently long-suppressed hometown. nudges you inner badass. toward a mindset of resilience. GETTY IMAGES (BACKGROUND ILLUSTRATION); ERIN ATTKISSON (BOOKS)

STANFORD 55 Welcome the New SAA Board Members

Stanford Alumni Association (SAA) Board Chair, Andrew Haden, ’00, reports that six alumni representatives have agreed to serve on the SAA Board of Directors. The following alumni began their terms on September 1, 2020.

ANTONIO AGUILAR, ’18 EDDIE POPLAWSKI, ’81, MBA ’87 San Francisco, California Bellevue, Washington Antonio Aguilar works on the solutions architecture Eddie Poplawski is an active angel investor, serial team at Alloy, a supply chain and sales analytics entrepreneur, real estate developer and executive platform for consumer goods brands. At Stanford leadership coach. During his career, he has served he paired a love of the humanities (nurtured as the president, CEO and owner of Barclay’s Realty during SLE) with a desire for technical knowledge, & Management Company; owner of the Bellingham studying artifi cial intelligence and working as an advising fellow for Baseball Club, LLC; president, CEO and owner of Anderson the symbolic systems department. He was a founder of the Stanford Chamberlin Inc., Costco Wholesale’s in-house manufacturer’s rep chapter of the Thomistic Institute and still works with the Zephyr fi rm now known as ADW Acosta; general manager of Cascade Institute in Palo Alto. In his spare time, Antonio enjoys cooking Cabinet Corporation; and project director with Spieker Partners. and baking with fresh ingredients from the farmers’ market and Eddie currently serves as a board member for Aegis Living (a reviewing modern strategy board games. privately held assisted living company headquartered in Bellevue, Washington) and the Seattle Children’s Hospital Foundation. He is also an advisory board member for TOCA Football Inc., outgoing PRESTON DuFAUCHARD, ’78 chair for the Stanford Athletics Board (having been a member since Oakland, California 2012) and a member of the Seattle Chapter of YPO. Preston DuFauchard is CEO of nonprofit community health center West Oakland Health Council, which operates various clinic sites in LOLITA SY, ’83 the East Bay. He joined their Board of Directors Manila, Philippines in 2015 and stepped into the role of CEO in 2018. Loli Sy is a Chinese-Filipino entrepreneur, investor, He currently holds the position of Lead Trustee for PennyMac sports enthusiast and education advocate. She is Mortgage Investment Trust (a REIT) and has been on its Board the cofounder of several companies, working in of Trustees since 2012. He obtained a law degree from UC Berkeley high-end retail and consumer goods distribution in 1984 and has worked as a trial lawyer, a law firm partner, with Focus Global Inc., and premium commercial in-house counsel and the California Corporations Commissioner. real estate development with SLA Prime Ventures and Focus In 2013, Preston was nominated to become a member of the Palantir Inc., among others. She has served on the boards of the Stanford Associates after several volunteer positions with the International School of Manila and Forbes Park Association as university, including with the Alumni Committee on Trustee president, governor, and chair of trustees, membership, audit, and Nominations, before ultimately becoming chair. He has been a security. As past president of the Philippines Stanford Alumni Club, member of various Class Reunion Committees, most recently as her mission is to foster a dynamic and thriving alumni community. comoderator for his Class Panel. With her cofounder and husband Stephen (Stanford Sloan MS Management), Loli’s lifelong connection to Stanford was cemented in the last thirteen years as a Stanford parent, living vicariously MARIBEL HERNANDEZ DAVIS, MD ’85 through her fi ve children’s experiences. Her favorite Stanford Penn Valley, Pennsylvania memories include performing in the Ram’s Head West Side Story Maribel Hernández-Davis is a clinical specialist as a Jet and participating in the Vienna overseas studies program. in cardiac electrophysiology and heart rhythm disorders. She grew up in Puerto Rico and received her bachelor’s degree from Yale College. MATTHEW TSANG, ’01 Her early medical training took place at Stanford Minneapolis, Minnesota Medical School and Harvard Deaconess Hospital. She is a member Matthew Tsang is a clinical assistant professor of the medical staff at the Lankenau Heart Institute of the Main and consultant physician in dermatology and Line Health System and a clinical assistant professor of medicine dermatopathology. He serves on the editorial at Thomas Jeff erson University in Philadelphia. She is the founder board of the Journal of the American Academy and medical director of the Women’s Heart Initiative for the Main of Dermatology, and is a fellow of both the Line Health System. The American Heart Association recognized American Academy of Dermatology and American Society her with the Woman of Heart Award in 2013, named her the Por of Dermatopathology. At Stanford, Matthew immersed himself Tu Corazón Ambassador in 2014 and recognized her as the Go in biology and classics, cultivating teaching skills as a genetics Red Champion for women’s heart health in 2018. She remains laboratory course assistant and research methodology in archaeology active in local outreach and heart health education for underserved and art history. His honors thesis, “The Signifi cance of Obelisks: communities in the Philadelphia area and is a board member of the Monumental Meanings and Interpretations,” received the university Philadelphia Congreso De Latinos Unidos. Golden Medal for Outstanding Undergraduate Research and led to his postgraduate studies at Oxford University as a Winston Churchill Scholar. He returned to Stanford Hospital for his internship e Stanford Alumni Association is a division of Stanford University. in internal medicine. Matthew remains connected to Stanford Under authority delegated by the university’s Board of Trustees, as a Reunion Campaign Committee cochair, OVAL interviewer the SAA Board is responsible for setting priorities for Stanford’s alumni and Stanford Associate. a airs and for ongoing relations between alumni and the university.

v2_Sep2020_SAA New Board Member AD.indd 1 8/4/2020 11:10:51 AM Farewells

FACULTY on the phone line and as a trainer of new volun- Stanley Alvin Steinberg, ’44 (biological sciences), Chitra Dinakar, of Stanford, March 27, at 54, of can- teers. Her husband, James, ’41, MD ’44, passed MD ’47, of San Francisco, April 8, at 96, after a long cer. She founded Stanford Health Care’s first adult away seven months after her. Survivors: her illness. As an Army medical officer in Japan, he allergy, asthma and immunodeficiency clinic. She daughters, Nina Young, Simone and Lisa; five was involved with the Nishimui Artists of Okinawa. co-authored more than 100 scientific papers and grandchildren; and great-granddaughter. After a psychiatry residency at Mt. Zion Hospital, was the 2020 winner of the President’s Award from Thomas Benton Catron III, ’44 (political science), he researched art and psychoanalysis. He was a the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immu- JD ’50, of Santa Fe, N.M., May 1, at 98. He was a teacher, supervisor and analyst at the San Fran- nology. She also loved literature and performing member of Delta Chi and served in the Army dur- cisco Psychoanalytic Institute, where he co-led Indian classical dance. Survivors: her husband of ing World War II. During his 67 years with the fam- seminars on art and psychoanalysis. Survivors: 28 years, Deendayal Dinakarpandian, an associ- ily law firm, he helped found the Santa Fe Opera his children, Anne Fedoroff and Paul; two grand- ate professor of medicine at Stanford; her sons, and the Museum of New Mexico Foundation. In daughters; and former spouse, Mariana Steinberg. Akshay, ’19, and Bhavish; parents, Padmanabha 2012, he was honored with the Governor’s Award Gloria Virginia Olivi Sweatt, ’44 (speech and and Jagadha Kameswaran; and two siblings. for Excellence in the Arts. He was predeceased drama), of San Mateo, Calif., March 22, at 98, of James Donald Meindl, of Greensboro, Ga., June 7, by his son Stephen. Survivors: his wife of 74 congestive heart failure. She worked in the family at 87, of dementia. He was the John M. Fluke Pro- years, June (Ellis, ’44); children, Fletcher, ’69, paper business and at NBC in San Francisco. She fessor of Electrical Engineering, emeritus, and co- and Peggy; four grandchildren, including Thomas served her community in many ways, including as founder of the Center for Integrated Systems. As F. Catron, ’99; and two great-grandsons. PTA president and in teaching and leadership the author of more than 600 papers, he helped develop the integrated circuits on which the world runs today. In his later career, he was provost of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and founding director of a research institute at Georgia Tech. Survivors: Irish Poet Who Dared to Elevate his wife, Frederica; children, Candace Fleming, ’94, and Peter, ’92, MS ’93, PhD, ’07; and brother. the Personal and the Everyday 1940s Eavan Boland was still writing the poem that whom she raised two daughters. Boland went Mary Wand Means, ’40 (English), of Cupertino, would eventually become “The Singers” when on to publish several collections, and her Calif., April 30, at 101. She was a member of Pi Beta she loaned the last line to Mary Robinson, her work was often featured in the New Yorker— Phi. She volunteered for the Committee for Art at longtime friend and the first female president including her poem “Eviction,” which the Stanford, worked in the Art Bookstore and traveled of Ireland. magazine ran on the day she died. extensively on Stanford trips. As an avid reader and Robinson used the line in her 1990 inau- “It overwhelms me now when I look at devotee of all things French, she sought to embrace gural address, calling for women to take their her collection of work,” says her daughter change with intellectual curiosity and an interest in place in history by “finding a voice where they Eavan Casey. “You’re not aware of that as a big events while looking for small ways to be happy. found a vision.” Boland’s complete poem was child. She was working on all these incred- She was predeceased by her husband, Charles, eventually published in her 1994 collection, ible poems and essays but being a very ’36, son, David, and daughter Carolyn. Survivors: In a Time of Violence. present mother to us as well.” her daughter Mary Lee Means Ray, ’75; six grand- Boland, an English professor at Stanford Jill Bialosky, Boland’s editor of three children; and 11 great-grandchildren. and director of the creative writing program, decades at W.W. Norton & Co., says she was Edna Margaret Folsom de Larios, ’41 (speech died at home in Dublin on drawn to Boland’s poetry and drama), MA ’53 (education), of South San April 27 after suffering a because it felt “on the one Francisco, April 28, at 100. She was a teacher, stroke. She was 75. hand utterly personal and counselor, drama coach, dean of girls and assis- Although her work was on the other universal.” tant principal at South San Francisco High School, quoted publicly by politi- Boland joined Stanford and later the first principal of Westborough Junior cians (former president in 1995, teaching popular High School. She served her community through Barack Obama read from courses such as Women numerous history and service organizations, “Lines Written for a Thir- Poets. Under her leader- including Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts of America, tieth Wedding Anniversary” ship for 21 years, the the South San Francisco Women’s Club and PEO. during a 2016 reception at creative writing program She was predeceased by her husband of 57 the White House), Boland became a hub of artistic years, José, ’48, JD ’53. Survivors: her children, was best known for poems community and talent. Boyd, ’65, Francisca Hansen and Joseph; five that delved into the per- “The gift that she gave grandchildren; and nine great-grandchildren. sonal, from motherhood the world is she allowed James E. “Jim” Kent, ’41 (basic medical sciences), and marriage to identity writers the time and space MD ’44, of San Francisco, October 24, at 99. He and belonging. to make art,” says Blakey served in the Navy Medical Corps during World “After a while, I came to Vermeule, chair of Stan- War II and the Korean War. He established his think of myself as an indoor ford’s English department. practice and opened the first pulmonary lab at nature poet,” she explained A passionate defender Stanford Hospital in San Francisco. In retirement, in a 1993 interview for the Irish University of her profession, Boland said in a 2014 speech he enjoyed spending time in England and at Lido Review. “And my lexicon was the kettle and entitled “Has Poetry a Future?”: “No one has Isle in Newport Beach, Calif. He was predeceased the steam, and the machine in the corner the power in any way or shape or kind to extin- by his wife of 76 years, Renée (Hahlo, ’43). Survi- and the kitchen, and the baby’s bottle. These guish what is essentially a faculty of the human vors: his daughters, Nina Young, Simone and Lisa; were parts of my world. Not to write about spirit. . . . As soon as a human being is born, five grandchildren; and great-granddaughter. them would have been artificial.” that possibility of poetry is born with them.” Renée Joan Hahlo Kent, ’43 (English), of San Fran- Boland, a native Dubliner, began pub- In addition to her husband and her cisco, March 19, 2019, at 97. She met her future lishing poems as a student at Trinity College, daughter Eavan, Boland is survived by her husband at a freshman assigned paired dance— where she later became a lecturer. In 1969, daughter Sarah and four grandchildren. after he switched assignments to assure they she married Kevin Casey, a novelist, with —Rebecca Beyer would be paired up. She was a volunteer at San

LINDA A. CICERO/STANFORD NEWS SERVICE A. CICERO/STANFORD LINDA Francisco Suicide Prevention for many years, both

STANFORD 57 Farewells roles for the San Mateo County Historical Asso- Navy medical officer during the Korean War. He manager. After Navy service at the end of the ciation. She was predeceased by her husband, was chief of surgery at San Francisco hospitals Korean War, he worked in aerospace and later as Robert, and son Robert Jeffrey. Survivors: her before becoming chair of the surgery department sales manager of George Bassi Distributing. He children, Virginia Franzi and Greg; five grandchil- at UC Davis. He published more than 300 papers served his community through the Boy Scouts, dren; and four great-grandchildren. and chapters as well as a series of textbooks on Rotary, Elks and by serving on the high school Eleanor Eaton Faye, ’45 (biological sciences), treating traumatic injuries. He was predeceased board of trustees. He ran at least one footrace in MD ’50, of New York City, January 7, at 96. She by his wife of 65 years, Marilyn (Janeck, ’49, MA every California county. Survivors: his wife, Dawn; reshaped the field of ophthalmology as an ’50). Survivors: his children, Sally, Sue, Rich, children, Sheri, ’76, Bruce, ’79, Doug and Kelli, attending ophthalmic surgeon and as the founder Carol, ’80, Bob and Molly; 14 grandchildren, ’84; and two grandchildren. and medical director of the Lighthouse Guild. She including Kathryn Murray, ’13, MA ’14, and Roslyn Loyd Andrew Kelly, ’51 (economics), MBA ’53, of was the author of numerous books, articles, and Murray, ’15; five great-grandchildren; and sister. Sacramento, Calif., April 12, at 90. He was a mem- textbooks on visual impairment and helped to Guyla Runyan Cashel, ’48 (political science), of ber of Phi Kappa Sigma. He served in the Navy overcome disciplinary barriers between optom- Lafayette, Calif., June 3, at 93. She was student after graduation, then began business as a stock- etry and ophthalmology. Her contributions were body vice president, played basketball and sang broker at Dean Witter. He retired as executive vice recognized by two merit awards from the Ameri- in a women’s trio at Ricky’s. Her diverse career president at Morgan Stanley. He was active in the can Academy of Ophthalmology and the Distin- included public administration, stock trading, 2030 Club and Rotary and served as board presi- guished Service Award from the American developmental fund-raising and co-ownership of dent for the Sacramento Zoo. He was also an avid Optometric Association. Survivors: two sisters. a travel agency. She was involved in her commu- golfer and an accomplished snow- and water-skier. Gilbert Alan Reese, ’46 (biological sciences), of nity through Stanford Associates and serving on Survivors: his wife, June; sons, Michael and Doug- Palo Alto, April 22, at 94. He was a member of the board of the John Muir Health Foundation. las; three grandsons; and sister. Sigma Alpha Epsilon. During his Navy service, he She was predeceased by her husband, John, ’48. Donald Wayne Temby, ’51 (industrial engineering), earned his MD and specialized in ophthalmology. Survivors: her children, Joan, ’76, Susan Cashel of Oakland, February 3, at 92, of heart failure. He He established a private practice in Sacramento, Jenks, ’79, James, ’83; and six grandchildren, was a member of the freshman football team, where he supported the Blind Center and local including Kathryn Pyne, ’12. Navy ROTC, and Men’s Council and president of schools. He was also president of the California Arthur Levinson, ’48 (economics), of San Diego, Sigma Alpha Epsilon. After graduation he served Association of Ophthalmology and an instructor June 4, at 93. He was the track team manager, a in the Navy and earned his MBA from Simon Fra- at the UC Davis School of Medicine. Survivors: his Stanford Daily sports editor and a member of Phi ser U. He spent his career with Crown Zellerbach. wife, Margaret; children, Jeanne Krener, Carol Sigma Kappa. He founded the Weekend Exercise He enjoyed skiing, fly-fishing and captaining a Reese Orton, ’78, Paul and Douglas, ’83; eight Company, maker of women’s athletic apparel, and 32-foot sailboat. He was predeceased by his son grandchildren, including Sara Orton, ’16; two great- was past president of the United Jewish Federa- Christopher. Survivors: his wife, Joyce (Graybiel, granddaughters; and brother Donald, ’47, MBA ’49. tion of San Diego. He was predeceased by his ’51); and children Claudia, ’76, Ellen and Paul. Pauline Frances Smith Leavitt, ’47 (education), of daughter, Lori Bolotin. Survivors: his wife of 65 John Homer Ward, ’51 (political science), of Napa, Calif., April 26, at 95. She was a member of years, Sandra; son, Michael, ’78, JD ’81; six grand- Sedro Woolley, Wash., April 26, 2019, at 90, of Kappa Kappa Gamma. After raising her children in children; and two great-grandchildren. leukemia. He was president of Theta Xi. After the East Bay, she began building the hilltop ranch in Marcia Jane Schwalbe Fogel, ’49 (history), of earning his LLB from the U. of Washington, he Napa, surrounded by vineyards, that would become Thousand Oaks, Calif., May 15, at 93, after a brief served with the Judge Advocate General in her home for more than 40 years. It became a site illness. In Oakland, she was president of the Lin- LaRochelle, France. He practiced law until 2003. for entertaining friends, celebrating family events, coln Child Center, Stanford Women’s Club and He was an avid sportsman and especially loved hosting business associates, and supporting volun- Oakland Ballet. She helped found the Bay City fishing for salmon at the family cabin on Orcas teer and service organizations, with leaves of News Service in 1978 and served as its entertain- Island. He was predeceased by his first wife, Alice absence for world travel and golf outings. She was ment editor and performing arts critic. She held (Johnson, ’52); second wife, Joyce Goss; and son predeceased by her husband of 64 years, Dana. leadership roles in her retirement community but Eric, ’86. Survivors: his children, Nancy Ward Ken- Survivors: her children, Margaret, ’75, and Jonathan; also found time to travel widely. She was prede- ney, ’76, Jeanne Earnest and Jefferson; four grand- four grandchildren, including Charles Lilly, ’09, and ceased by her husband of 60 years, Dick, ’45. children; and sister, Barbara Ward Thompson, ’47. Laura Lilly, ’12, MS ’13; and one great-grandson. Survivors: her children, Vicki Mykles, Rich, ’76, James Augustus “Jim” Affleck, ’52 (biological John Elmer Loomis, ’47 (undergraduate law), and Jonathan; three grandchildren, including sciences), MD ’56, of Sacramento, Calif. He began JD ’49, of Portland, Ore., May 27, at 96. He was Rebecca Fogel, ’06; great-grandson; and sister. his medical career at Sacramento Medical Clinic. awarded the French Legion of Honor for his Army Alexander Rados, ’49 (political science), MBA ’51, He later founded the Planned Parenthood Asso- service during World War II. After working as a dep- of Newport Beach, Calif., February 28, at 91. He ciation of Sacramento and served as chair of the uty district attorney and lawyer in Fresno, Calif., he was a member of Sigma Nu and the rugby team. Norcal Mutual Insurance Co. and president of the helped found the San Joaquin College of Law, After serving in the Army, he returned to California Children’s Receiving Home. He enjoyed playing where he was a dean and professor of contract law to support the family construction business, which the accordion and piano and traveling to sites of for more than a decade and member of the board he led from 1957 to 2000. He was broadly recog- biological significance like the Amazon and the of trustees for 45 years. He was predeceased by nized for his professional and community service, Galapagos Islands. Survivors: his wife of 67 years, his wife, Sue (Henderson, ’45). Survivors: his chil- and was a member of the Stanford Athletic Board Dona (Adams, ’51); children, Augustus, Adrienne dren, John, ’73, and Laurie Loomis Dunn, ’76. and the Governor’s Advisory Council on Economic Mintz and Nila Henneman; five grandchildren; Nancy Helen Ames Petersen, ’47 (history), of San Development. He was awarded the Order of Saint and four great-grandchildren. Diego, May 22, at 94. After volunteering for sev- Sava by the Serbian Orthodox Church for his ser- Kim Breiten Alexander, ’52 (education), of Los eral years with the Red Cross at a Navy hospital vice to Saint Steven’s Cathedral. Survivors: his wife Altos, Calif., March 12, at 89. She worked as a in San Diego, she began working at the Timken of 63 years, Sandra; children, Sheryl Manos, ’86 journalist for the San Mateo Times and later was Art Gallery, assumed the directorship in 1980 and and Steve; and four siblings, including Walter, ’61. engaged in volunteer work. She was a lover of transformed it into today’s Timken Museum of Art. animals, supported animal rescue organizations She was predeceased by her son John. Survivors: 1950s and instilled her love of animals in her children. her son James; and two grandchildren. Robert Wilford Mannon, ’50 (petroleum engineer- She was predeceased by her husband of 63 Gloria Beth Rubin Willard, ’47 (French), of Los ing), of Santa Barbara, Calif., March 10, at 92. He years, John, ’51, MA ’52. Survivors: her children, Angeles, March 26, at 94, of heart failure. She served in the Navy during World War II. He was a Jody and John; and grandson. earned a master’s degree from UCLA and worked member of the JV football team and Delta Kappa Worth D. Blaney, ’52 (economics), MBA ’56, of there as the water resources librarian for 20 Epsilon. After earning an MS and PhD from USC, Palm Springs, Calif., January 16, at 89. He was a years. She was also a fan of opera, beaches and he spent his career in the oil and gas industry, member of Delta Upsilon and the swim team. He the Dodgers. Survivors: her sons, Douglas, ’72, which took him to Egypt, Montana, and Texas and served in the Army in the Korean War, then returned Andrew, ’74, and Matthew, ’77, MS ’78, MA ’82, then back to California. He was predeceased by his to Stanford for his MBA. He helped develop Sharon PhD ’83; five grandchildren, including Diana, ’09; wife, Dorothy. Survivors: his children, Robert, Janice Heights in Menlo Park. Later, he helped found the and two great-granddaughters. Coles, David and Mark; and 10 grandchildren. Senior Olympics. He was an avid trekker, hiker, sum- Frank William Blaisdell, ’48 (basic medical sci- George Howard “Andy” Anderson, ’51 (industrial miter of mountain peaks and volunteer at the Living ences), MD ’52, of San Francisco, April 18, at 92. engineering), of Hollister, Calif., April 26, at 91. Desert Zoo in Palm Desert, Calif. Survivors: his for- He was a member of Theta Xi and served as a He was a Stanford Daily sportswriter and baseball mer wife, Barbara Hart Phillips, ’52; children, Susan,

58 SEPTEMBER 2020 Farewells

Sandra, Sharyn, Steve and Scott; seven grandchil- Survivors: her children, Alan, MS ’85, and Adrienne; her former husband, Donald Ham, ’54, MBA ’59. dren; and two great-grandchildren. and grandson. Survivors: her children, Karen Simmons, Richard Arthur Joseph Lempert, ’52 (undergraduate law), William B. Stevenson, ’53 (petroleum engineering), Ham and Peter Ham; and seven grandchildren. LLB ’52, of San Mateo, Calif., March 29, at 90, of MBA ’63, of Lafayette, Calif., March 27, at 89. He Joel Rogosin, ’55 (speech and drama), of Wood- pulmonary fibrosis. After graduation he served in was a member of Phi Gamma Delta and the basket- land Hills, Calif., April 21, at 87, of COVID-19. His the Air Force legal corps. He spent his civilian ball team. His business degree shifted his career producing credits in the television industry include legal career with Layman and Lempert in San path from the oil industry in Venezuela to banking 77 Sunset Strip, The Virginian, Longstreet, Iron- Francisco, where he specialized in tax and natural in the East Bay, but he retained his love for interna- side, Knight Rider, Magnum P.I. and Jerry Lewis resource law and promoted civil rights. He also tional travel. He was predeceased by his wife of 50 telethons. He worked to include Native and dis- enjoyed gardening, camping, skiing, bicycling years, June. Survivors: his children, Beth and Billy; abled actors in Hollywood productions and also and collecting books. Survivors: his wife of 65 and companion and travel partner, Bente Darley. taught writing at colleges, in prison outreach pro- years, Sue (Goodstein, ’52); children, Robert, ’80, Oskar Weiskopf, ’53 (political science), of Munich, grams, through a Writers Guild of America diver- Ted, JD ’86, and Liz, ’90; and six grandchildren, March 14, at 91, of cancer. He was a member of sity program and at the Performing Arts Theater including Ella Norman, ’24. Alpha Delta Phi. As one of the first employees of for the Handicapped. Survivors: his wife of more David Andrew Workman, ’52 (history), LLB ’55, the Werner Kupsch travel company (today Studio- than 65 years, Deborah; three daughters; five of Los Angeles, March 23, at 89. After three years sus), he specialized in educational and art history grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren. of active duty as a Marine, he remained in the travel and tourism. He was part of the manage- John Timothy Terry, ’55 (history), of Rancho Mirage, Marine Corps Reserve and retired at the rank of ment team until 1995. Survivors: his wife, Margit; Calif., October 20, at 85. He was a member of Delta colonel. His legal career included private prac- and children, Monika and Klaus. Upsilon. He served in the Army in military intelli- tice, service as a deputy city attorney, and 25 Robert L. Wilcox, ’53 (civil engineering), of Cha- gence and retired at the rank of colonel. years as a municipal and superior court judge. grin Falls, Ohio, December 28, at 88. He played Helen Meredith Ellis Little, ’56, MA ’57, PhD ’67 He enjoyed swimming and cycling, pursuing in the marching band. After an MS from MIT, he (music), of Tucson, Ariz., May 15, at 86. She was a interests in art, antiques and classical music, and embarked on a career in environmental engineer- member of the symphony and the Alpine Club. In spending time in Pacific Grove on Monterey Bay. ing. He was on the staff of the National Commis- the ’60s, she was a pioneering female rock climber Survivors: his nieces and nephews. sion on Water Quality and was called on to testify in Yosemite and a Fulbright scholar researching Barbara Adair Southard Case, ’53 (art), of Hanford, before Congress. He was predeceased by his Baroque music in France. She published on Bach Calif., October 30, 2016, at 85. She managed four wife of 66 years, Nancy. Survivors: his children, and was an accomplished harpsichord performer, local women’s clothing stores. She enjoyed singing Craig, Cynthia and Cathy; two granddaughters; then earned her JD from the U. of Arizona and prac- in the church choir and being an active member of and sister, Janis Wilcox Christiansen, ’58, MA ’60. ticed law for 17 years. She also helped found the the Hanford arts community. In community theater Donald Morrison Ham, ’54 (general engineering), Southside Community School in Tucson and, as a productions, she specialized in comedic roles, such MBA ’59, of Reno, Nev., March 18, at 87. He was a Quaker, served as Clerk of the Pima Monthly Meet- as Madame Arcati in Noel Coward’s Blithe Spirit. member of Theta Delta Chi. He served as a pilot in ing. Survivors: her former husband, John, ’62, PhD She was predeceased by her husband, Robert, ’52, the Air Force, then used his MBA as a springboard ’67; children, Christopher and Bernice; and sister. MBA ’54. Survivors: her daughters, Christie Case to a business management career in France in Sens James Jordan Woodhead, ’56 (Spanish), of Del Randolph, ’78, Robin Armstrong, Dana Case and and Monte Carlo. He later relocated to the Lake Mar, Calif., June 2, at 85, of a cardiac event. He Anna Michaels; and seven grandchildren. Tahoe area to enjoy water and downhill skiing. His was a member of Alpha Tau Omega and Air Force Margaret Louise “Peggy” Heuer, ’53, of San first wife, Barbara Abt Morley, ’55, died shortly after ROTC. After his Air Force service, he had a career Francisco, March 10, at 88. Her career spanned him. Survivors: his second wife, Joelle Goyens de as a captain with PSA and US Airways. In retire- 40 years in the financial services industry, begin- Heusch; children, Karen Simmons, Richard, Peter ment, he mastered the crafts of painting and ning as a stockbroker with Reynolds Securities and Steven; and eight grandchildren. woodworking. Survivors: his wife of 44 years, and retiring as associate vice president with Mor- Amir Houshang “Harry” Hemmat, ’54 (chemistry), Judy; children, Kristin Grip, Jim, Ted Russell and gan Stanley. In her free time, she loved discover- of Bellevue, Wash., March 17, at 87, from pancreatic Heidi Ward; and five grandchildren. ing new restaurants and rooting for the 49ers. cancer. He played on the soccer team. He earned Richard Diebold Lee, ’57 (history), of San Francisco, Sheila Heyden Moss Hopkins, ’53 (economics), his pharmacy degree from the U. of Washington February 14, at 84. He was manager of the Stanford of Rock Hill, S.C., January 22, at 88, of Alzheim- and then opened and operated his own drugstore. Concert Series, wrote for the Stanford Daily and er’s disease. She played golf and was business In retirement, he enjoyed gardening and world was president of the Young Democrats. With a JD manager for KZSU. She was an accountant, real travel. Survivors: his wife of 59 years, Selma; sons, from Yale and experience as deputy attorney gen- estate broker, residential builder and, as a stock- Steven, Bruce and Jeffrey; and eight grandchildren. eral and partner at a Sacramento law firm, he joined broker, the youngest woman registered with the William Faulkner Black, ’55 (geography), of Ran- the law faculty at Temple U. and was the first associ- New York and American stock exchanges at the cho Santa Fe, Calif., December 11, at 86, of con- ate dean of the UC Davis Law School. He was also time. In amateur golf, she won more than 30 tour- gestive heart failure. He was a member of Alpha board chair of Grace Cathedral in San Francisco. naments in California. She was predeceased by Tau Omega. After service as an Air Force pilot, Survivors: his wife of 63 years, Patricia; children, her husband, Jay. Survivors: her children, Eliza- he had careers in real estate and banking, and he Elizabeth, Deborah and David; three granddaugh- beth Fackelman and Jeffrey; six grandchildren; helped shape the city of San Diego in numerous ters; and three great-grandchildren. stepdaughters, Nancy and Glenyss; six step- board roles. As a protocol officer for the State Donald Murdock Taylor, ’57, of McCormick, S.C., grandchildren; and 11 step-great-granchildren. Department and California Gov. Pete Wilson, he May 1, at 85. He was a member of Chi Psi. He spent Leonard Levon Kaprielian, ’53 (geography), of helped avert problems before they could turn into his career in finance management. He enjoyed Sausalito, Calif., March 18, at 88, of Parkinson’s diplomatic incidents. Survivors: his children, Kath- golf and found peace in the outdoors, whether disease. He was a member of Phi Delta Theta leen, Alexandra Narasin and Charles; five grand- hiking the Appalachian Trail, canoeing in the and the football team. He realized his dream of children; his companion, Mary Jennings; and first Canadian wilderness or farming in West Virginia. owning his own restaurant in 1963 when he wife, Katherine Price. He was predeceased by his wife, Lena. Survivors: opened the Jolly Friars pub in San Francisco, Thomas Barr Mickley, ’55 (mechanical engineer- his nieces and nephews. which he operated until 1984. He served his coming), of Bellevue, Wash., March 12, at 86. He was Allen Reed Faurot, ’59 (history), of Reno. Nev., April munity through the chamber of commerce and a member of Navy ROTC. He served in the Marine 14, at 83. He was a member of Theta Xi and Navy Sausalito Arts Festival, and he was honored with Corps and later worked for Boeing for 26 years. ROTC and later served as a Navy operations officer the Volunteer of the Year and Spirit of Marin He enjoyed sculpting in metal and volunteering in Japan. After earning a JD from the U. of Chicago, awards. Survivors: his wife of 49 years, Agnes. for the First Congregational Church. Survivors: his he worked as a lawyer in New York before taking a Phyllis June Silver Levin, ’53 (social science/ wife of 58 years, Carol; children, Paul and Nancy; position with the Ford Foundation. He enjoyed sail- social thought), of San Francisco, March 24, at 88. and two granddaughters. boat racing and especially loved to teach. In retire- After graduate study at Radcliffe and earning her Barbara Lee Abt Morley, ’55 (Latin American ment, he was a sailing instructor at the Naval JD from UC Berkeley, she practiced law at Littler studies), of Grasse, France, April 2, at 86, of Lewy Academy. Survivors: his companion, Joyce Fowler; before pausing to raise her family. She served body dementia. She was on the cheerleading former wife JoAnn Faurot; former wife Roberta as school board president in Los Altos, Calif., squad. After raising her family in France, she Downing, ’59; children, Michelle, Eric, Catherine before resuming her legal career. In retirement, embarked on a career in interior design, first in and Ryan; seven grandchildren; and two siblings. she enjoyed skiing and traveling. She was prede- London and then New York. She loved houses, Josephine “Reyn” Reynolds Spalding Voevodsky, ceased by her husband of 58 years, Hal. art and beautiful things. She was predeceased by ’59 (history), of Tucson, Ariz., May 19, at 82.

STANFORD 59 Farewells

To advance women’s equality, reproductive justice 31 years, Chas, ’56; son, Brad; stepsons, Jeff, ’80, Mary Ellen Campbell, ’63 (German studies), MA and environmental protection, she served on the and Scott, ’82; two granddaughters; four step- ’66 (education), of Mill Valley, Calif., April 29, at 79. boards of Planned Parenthood, The Haven and the grandchildren; and brother. She was a member of the tennis team. She contin- Sonoran Desert Museum. As a supporter of the arts Bryan Raymond Baarts, ’62 (electrical engineering), ued to be involved with the sport as a member, and history of Arizona, she served as hostess of of San Mateo, Calif., March 30, at 81. He served in board member, president and general manager of the Silver & Turquoise Ball and supported the San the Army at White Sands Missile Base in New Mex- the Marin Tennis Club in San Rafael, Calif. In retire- Xavier Mission. She was predeceased by her hus- ico, then enjoyed a 25-year career as an electrical ment, she built colorful and prize-winning bird- band, Peter. Survivors: her sons, Steven and engineer at PG&E. He also pursued interests in houses. Survivors: her partner of more than 50 Michael; three grandchildren; and two siblings. Chinese watercolor painting, Tai Chi, tennis and years, Helen Harper; and two siblings. Ping-Pong and particularly enjoyed discovering the Mary Gertrude “Molly” Molloy Linneman, ’63 (his- 1960s cultural richness of San Francisco. He was prede- tory), of Fresno, Calif., April 6, at 78. She worked as Robert Tefft Jones, ’60 (political science), of Mes- ceased by his wife, Carol. Survivors: two siblings. a juvenile probation officer and volunteered at Saint quite, Nev., December 27, at 81, of colon cancer. William Llewellyn Cover Jr., ’62 (political sci- Agnes Medical Center for more than 40 years, He was a member of Alpha Tau Omega. He earned ence), of La Quinta, Calif., March 18, at 80, of including as president of the Saint Agnes Service a JD from Harvard and clerked in Los Angeles, but a heart attack. He served in the Marine Corps Guild. She was an expert trainer of hunting dogs, started his legal career in Belgium with Frank Boas. Reserves. He was a member of the freshman bas- avid hunter and devoted world traveler. She was He later transferred to London and worked there for ketball squad and Sigma Chi. After 20 years as a predeceased by her husband of 33 years, Mike. a series of firms until retiring from Bracher Rawlins branch and regional manager for IBM and Xerox, Survivors: her son, Chris; stepchildren, Michael, in 2012. He was predeceased by his wife, Elvira. he formed a real estate development company Nancy DeNiz and Janie Freer; eight grandchildren; Survivors: his children, Nicholas and Benjamin. with his brother. He was also a highly ranked and sister, Sheila Molloy Gast, ’59. Robert Karl Kingery, ’60 (mechanical engineer- tennis player with top finishes in regional and Elizabeth Bonham Baskerville, ’64 (biological sci- ing), of Littleton, Colo., April 16, at 81. He was a national tournaments. Survivors: his wife, Anne ences), of Santa Cruz, Calif., December 24, at 77, of member of ROTC and the rifle team and served Greenberg Klein Cover, ’65; and two brothers. cancer. She earned an MD from USC and interned in the Army after graduation. In civilian life, he Kenney Fintan Hegland, ’62 (political science), in Portland, Ore., then undertook a medical mis- earned an MS at the U. of Colorado-Boulder and of Tucson, Ariz., May 30, of lung cancer. After sion in Congo. After a pediatric residency in Los spent his career at Martin Marietta, including earning a JD from UC Berkeley, he worked first Angeles, she worked in private practice in Ontario, work on the Viking Mars lander. His favorite pas- for Rural Legal Services. He joined the law faculty Ore., and Santa Cruz. She was also a master of times included choral singing, skiing, hiking, trap at the U. of Arizona in 1970 and retired in 2008. heirloom sewing and Brazilian embroidery. Survi- shooting, Rotary Club and cheering for Stanford He also produced videos for high school stu- vors: her sons, Matthew and David; and sister. football. Survivors: his wife, Mary Lou; children, dents, wrote on legal issues and authored two Marion Kathie McMurray Wanger Dietz, ’65 (com- Marnie Kingery Rocklin, ’91, Robert and Ronald; novels. Survivors: his wife of 38 years, Barbara munication), of Mountain View, February 6, at 76, and seven grandchildren, including Ben Rocklin, Sattler; sons, Robert, Benjamin Sattler, Alex Lane of cancer. She raised her daughters in Burlingame, ’20, and Maia Rocklin, ’22. and Caleb; three grandchildren; and sister. Calif., and was actively involved in Girl Scouts. She Nancy Kathryn Viets Merrill, ’61 (history), MA ’62 Linda Joyce Liederman Robinson, ’62 (political enjoyed theater, travel and following politics, and (education), of Long Beach, Calif., April 11, at 80. science), of Falls Church, Va., May 11, at 79. She she found fulfillment in Christian worship. Survivors: She was a Dollie. She was committed to chil- taught English in Madagascar and Zaire and was a her husband of 23 years, Peter; daughters, Brenda dren’s education, first as a teacher and then copy editor for Foreign Policy magazine, but spent Wanger Rosé and Gretchen Wanger; and two sis- through numerous organizations, including Junior most of her career as director of the publications ters, including Julia McMurray Rovins, ’68. League, Assistance League, Tichenor Clinic, Long office for Development Alternatives Inc. In retire- Gregory Alvin Howell, ’65, MS ’73 (civil engineer- Beach Public Library Foundation and Long Beach ment she enjoyed sailing, art exhibits, opera, for- ing), of Ketchum, Idaho, June 15, at 77. He was a Day Nursery. She especially enjoyed traveling eign travel, her book club and her Scrabble group. member of the rugby team and Alpha Tau Omega. and sailing. She was predeceased by her daugh- Survivors: her husband, Harlan, ’61; children, After Navy service in Vietnam and Thailand with ter, Kim Thompson, ’87. Survivors: her husband of Wendy and Marc; two grandchildren; and brother. the Civil Engineer Corps, he worked as a project

Armed with Science, Explorer Mapped the Land of Nod A joyous, enthusiastic educator who awak- June 17 of cardiovascular disease. He was 91. He created the National Center on Sleep Disor- ened his students and the world to the critical passed away “in his sleep, of course,” says Rafael ders Research, within the National Institutes value of sleep medicine, William Dement pio- Pelayo, a colleague of Dement’s in the depart- of Health, to dig deeper into Dement’s findings neered a rigorous, logical investigation of an ment of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. and raise awareness of the pervasive and uncharted field. Dement joined the faculty in 1963 and in 1970 potentially dangerous consequences of not William Charles Dement, the Lowell W. and founded the Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic— getting enough sleep. Josephine Q. Berry Professor, Emeritus, died now the Stanford Sleep Medicine Center—the A popular campus figure with a playful per- first of its kind. As many as 20,000 students sonality, Dement hosted Halloween parties, are thought to have taken Dement’s celebrated organized daylong treasure hunts for his kids undergraduate course, Sleep and Dreams. and their friends and, over dinners at his home, When he launched it in 1971, an overflowing helped recruit athletes for his beloved Stanford throng had to meet in Memorial Church, one of sports teams. His daughter Catherine Roos the only venues that could accommodate the recalls that he liked to put her sons’ bikes in class size. Once, clad in pajamas, the Leland trees and then convince them that it was the Stanford Junior University Marching Band work of aliens. showed up to serenade the class. Dement “He was a fabulous father,” says Catherine. famously wielded a squirt gun to jolt dozing “He always thought outside the box to enter- students awake, using their drowsiness as a tain himself, and that helped make him who he springboard to discuss his multiple sleep was to change the field of sleep studies.” Long latency test, created to measure daytime after Dement retired, he continued to audit sleepiness and diagnose narcolepsy. Sleep and Dreams, the last time by Zoom just His expertise in sleep disorders led to his days before his death. appointment as chair of a federal commission Dement was predeceased by his wife, Pat. that reported in 1992 that 40 million Americans In addition to Catherine, he is survived by his were suffering from undiagnosed or mistreated daughter Elizabeth; son, Nick, ’85, MD ’98; and sleep problems. The following year, Congress six grandchildren. —John Roemer ED SOUZA/STANFORD NEWS SERVICE ED SOUZA/STANFORD

60 SEPTEMBER 2020 Farewells engineer with his own consulting firm, taught civil 1980s EARTH, ENERGY engineering at the U. of New Mexico, and helped Barry J. Browne, ’81 (chemistry), of San Diego, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES pioneer lean design and manufacturing principles January 27, at 60. He earned his MD from Loyola James David Lowell, MS ’57 (geology), of Tucson, in the construction industry. Survivors: his wife, U. in Chicago. He was a member of Kappa Alpha Ariz., May 3, at 92. In a 71-year career as an explora- Dana; daughter, Emily Howell Thomsen, ’03; and the sailing team. After completing his resi- tion geologist, he worked in more than 30 countries three grandchildren; and brother. dency in Milwaukee and a fellowship in kidney and deduced the location of 17 major mineral Peter Wuntuh Lee, ’65 (sociology), of Menlo Park, transplant surgery in Houston, he settled in San deposits, including the largest copper deposit in May 31, at 77. He was a member of Sigma Alpha Diego, where he performed 619 kidney and pan- Argentina and the world’s largest copper mine in Epsilon. He served in the Navy during the Vietnam creas transplants and more than 8,000 surgeries Chile. At the time of his passing, he was planning a War and was recalled from the reserves during Des- in all. He was a formidable tennis player and also prospecting trip to Turkey. He was also a pilot, spear ert Storm. After earning an MS from Rensselaer, he enjoyed skiing and playing guitar. Survivors: his fisherman and cartoonist. Survivors: his wife of 72 worked in executive compensation at Bell Systems, wife of 30 years, Lori; children, Sarah, Hannah years, Edith; children, Susan Humphreys, ’72, MA the University of California president’s office and and Joseph; mother; and two sisters. ’74, William and Douglas; six grandchildren, includ- Catholic Healthcare West. Survivors: his wife of 55 ing Anna Humphreys Finn, JD ’08, and Mary Hum- years, Mea; children, Christina Vo and Maya Lee 1990s phreys Yanchar, ’09; and three great-grandchildren. Watts, MBA ’08; four grandchildren; and two sisters. Adam P. Showman, ’91 (physics), of Tucson, Ariz., John Joseph “Jack” Hickey, MS ’84 (hydrology), David Walter Wheatley, ’65 (mathematics), of March 16, at 51. He played in the marching band. of Gulfport, Fla., April 9, at 84. He served in the Cerritos, Calif., February 23, at 76, of cancer. He He earned his PhD at Caltech and taught at the Navy Reserve. He published 52 reports during a was a member of the marching band and the Axe U. of Arizona. He studied both the geophysics of 27-year career with the U.S. Geological Survey. Committee. After earning an MBA from UC Berke- Jupiter’s Galilean moons and the atmospheric He found joy in his family, his Catholic faith, the ley, he worked in banking for more than 50 years, dynamics of Jupiter and Jupiter-like exoplanets. beauty of the natural world, astronomy, physics, focused primarily on lending and loan consulting. His theoretical models of Jupiter’s atmosphere advanced mathematics and fast cars. Survivors: He was an avid reader, enjoyed participating in were confirmed by the Juno space probe. In his his children, Adrienne, John, Brendan and Sons in Retirement and was a passionate golfer frequent travels to China, he developed a fascina- Brighid; eight grandchildren; and two siblings. who played more than 500 courses. Survivors: tion for Chinese culture and became proficient in his wife, Janet; and children, Bryce, Malinda Mandarin. Survivors: his daughter, Arwen; parents, EDUCATION Browning, Christopher and Eric. Pete and Dinah; and brother. Mildred Louise Jones Wolfe Burns, PhD ’69, of Judith Robinson “Judy” Sterling Plunkett, ’66 Montreal, April 17, at 99. She was a professor of (art), MA ’67 (education), of Pasadena, Calif., 2010s educational administration at McGill U. Her work March 8, at 75. In addition to teaching, she gave Zachary Thomas Hoffpauir, ’16 (communication), promoting the equality of women was recognized extensive volunteer service through The Junior of Glendale, Ariz., May 14, at 26. He was a mem- with the Governor General’s Award, and the League and organizations dedicated to child and ber of the baseball and football teams. He played Montreal Council of Women honored her with its adolescent health. Her service work led eventu- a season of minor league baseball with the Ari- Woman of the Year Award. She was predeceased ally to positions as executive director of the Cali- zona Diamondbacks before returning to Stanford by her first husband, Dean Jones, and second hus- fornia Arboretum Foundation and director of the to complete his football career. He had recently band, Ray Burns. Survivors: her children, Larry society of fellows at The Huntington Library, Art accepted an assistant football coaching job at the Jones and Jeri; grandson; and two siblings. Museum and Botanical Gardens. Survivors: her U. of Northern Colorado. Survivors: his parents, Stuart Angus MacMillan, MS ’80 (statistics), PhD sons, Jamie and Patrick; two granddaughters; Doug and Shannon; and sister. ’84 (education), of Cherry Hills Village, Colo., and sister, Sue Sterling Monjauze, ’63. April 9, at 68. With the Java group at Sun, he Mary Borgny Dorland Wynton, ’66 (English), MA BUSINESS helped lay the foundation of today’s online world. ’67 (education), of Pasadena, Calif., March 1, at 75, James B. “Jim” Stoutamore, MBA ’59, of Lafayette, From 2008 to 2017, he was a chief scientist at of a heart attack. She earned a master’s degree in Calif., November 19, at 88. He served in the Navy the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. He library science from USC. She was a schoolteacher and retired as a captain from the Navy Reserve. was also a lecturer in Stanford’s School of Earth, and children’s librarian at the Los Angeles Public Following active duty, his MBA led to a 30-year Energy & Environmental Sciences, where he led Library for more than 20 years. She served her career with PG&E, from which he retired as vice a course on clean energy entrepreneurship. community in many ways: Prior to her passing, she president of gas operations. He later returned to Survivors: his wife of 37 years, Kathleen Gilbert- had played violin in a concert with the Second Stanford as a Sloan Fellow. He also served as a Macmillan, EdS ’83, PhD ’83; children, Elise, ’11, String Ensemble and sang Sunday Mass at St. Bede, deacon at Moraga Valley Presbyterian Church. and Evan, ’09; granddaughter; and three siblings. and she was en route to a fund-raiser for the Pasa- Survivors: his wife of 65 years, Cynthia; sons, Lawrence “Larry” Bondad Berroya, MA ’14, of San dena Community Orchestra. Survivors: her children, Michael and Timothy; and three grandchildren. Francisco, April 1, at 48. After working as a lawyer Michelle Taylor, Jeanine and Joel; three grandchil- Oliver Eaton Williamson, MBA ’60, of Oakland, and a federal public defender, he found his true dren; and brother, William Dorland, ’63, LLB ’66. May 21, at 87. After completing a PhD at Carnegie calling as an educator and taught at several high Harvey Donald La Tourette, ’67 (English), of Los Mellon, he taught at UC Berkeley, the U. of Penn- schools in the Bay Area. He was passionate about Angeles, April 30, at 78, of idiopathic pulmonary sylvania and Yale before returning to Berkeley. baseball and basketball, rap and ’80s music, history, fibrosis. He earned an MD from Wayne State U. and He also held 11 honorary doctorates, and his musicals, running, food and much more. Survivors: practiced medicine at Rancho Los Amigos National books include some of the most highly cited pub- his mother, Fe; father, Cesar; and brother. Rehabilitation Center in Downey, Calif., where he lications in the social sciences. For his research specialized in drug rehabilitation and spinal and on business decision-making and organizational ENGINEERING traumatic brain injuries. He was a noted collector of economics, he was awarded the 2009 Nobel Richard Churchill Honey, Engr. ’50, PhD ’53 (elec- contemporary art and supporter of the Los Angeles Prize in Economic Sciences. He was predeceased trical engineering), of Windsor, Calif., March 1, at Symphony. Survivors: two siblings. by his wife of 55 years, Dolores. Survivors: his 95. He served in the Navy. He spent his 40-year children, Scott, Tamara, Karen, Oliver Jr. and career at SRI as a research engineer and senior 1970s Dean; and five grandchildren. principal scientist. He was an active sailor all his Bruce H. Wolfe, ’76, MS ’77 (civil engineering), Nicholas “Kolya” Michael Graves, MBA ’69, of life, including a voyage from Nova Scotia to San of Piedmont, Calif., February 25, at 65, of a heart San Francisco, April 3, at 79, of lymphoma. Fol- Francisco. He was predeceased by his first wife, attack while running. He ran track, played in the lowing service as a civil engineer with the Peace Helen Waugman. Survivors: his wife, Joanne Kipp; Band and met his future wife at Stanford in France. Corps in Ecuador, his career in finance took him and children, Leslie Nin, Steve, Laura and Janine He was executive officer of the San Francisco Bay to Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Illinois and New York. Warren; four stepchildren; and two grandsons. Regional Board for 15 years. In orienteering, he He became president and CEO of Prudential’s Norris S. Nahman, MS ’52 (electrical engineering), represented the United States three times and private placement business and in 1996 joined of Firestone, Colo., September 6, 2019, at 93. He won the North American master’s championship Osterweis Capital Management. He loved wilder- served in the Merchant Marine during World War II. seven years in a row. He was also a trustee, dea- ness backpacking, fly-fishing and the arts, all of After earning his PhD at the U. of Kansas, he con and chancel choir member at Piedmont Com- which he supported as a board member and chair worked for the Army Security Agency and National munity Church. Survivors: his wife of 41 years, Jan for nonprofit organizations. Survivors: his wife of Bureau of Standards. He was an avid ham radio (Kraus, ’76, MS ’77); daughters, Hillary and Lauren; 52 years, Mary; daughters, Eleanor and Christina; operator, fly fisherman and Boy Scout leader. He two granddaughters; and two brothers. and two grandchildren. was predeceased by his wife, Shirley; his longtime

STANFORD 61 Farewells partner, Gloria Short; and a grandson. Survivors: his Mary Ellen F. Boyling, PhD ’73 (English), of San children, Stan, Vicki Henderson, Vance and Scott; Rafael, Calif., February 21, at 89. She taught English Do you know of a Stanford alum seven grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren. for 40 years at the College of Notre Dame (later who has recently passed away? Arthur A. H. Ezra, PhD ’58 (applied mechanics), of Notre Dame de Namur U.), including 23 years as Amityville, N.Y., April 26. He worked in aerospace, department head. Sabbatical teaching in Glasgow Please let us know. government, academia, and consulting and pub- introduced her to Scotland, where she traveled Simply fill out our online form: lished several scientific books, articles and patents. widely. She was an avid photographer and also https://stanfordmag.org/obituary He loved solving problems, teaching, inventing and served as a healing minister and eucharistic visitor tennis. He was predeceased by his former wife at Grace Cathedral. Survivors: her two sisters. Or send the information to: Harriet; and former wife Julia. His third wife, Phyllis George Alan Huff, PhD ’73 (philosophy), of Boston, Stanford magazine Cahn, passed away shortly after him. Survivors: his January 21, at 75, of a blood infection. After teach- Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni Center five children, including Ann Ezra Erickson, ’81; two ing math at Kansas State, he began a long career 326 Galvez St. stepchildren; 11 grandchildren; five stepgrandchil- at Mitre Corp. as a software engineer and analyst. Stanford, CA 94305-6105 dren; five great-grandchildren; and two sisters. He was an accomplished photographer and wood- Attn: Obituaries Alan Hadley Robinson, MS ’61, PhD ’65 (mechani- turner, and a collector of antique Porsches, early cal engineering), of Corvallis, Ore., April 23, at 85, European maps and Southwestern pottery. He was of Parkinson’s disease. He served as a Marine pilot. predeceased by his first wife, Karen (Erickson, MS After an Atomic Energy Commission fellowship, he ’69). Survivors: his second wife, Marlene Ellin; son, taught nuclear engineering and radiation health Andrew, and stepdaughter, Elizabeth Guttenberg. Stanford Alumni Association physics at Oregon State U. He also enjoyed hunt- Barbara M. Van Deventer, MA ’80 (political sci- ing, camping, fishing, flying, boating and ham radio. ence), of Cayucos, Calif., April 22, at 82. She earned Board of Directors He was predeceased by his first wife, Grace, and a master’s degree in library science from Washing- second wife, Gail Smith. Survivors: his wife, Kay; ton U. and was hired at Stanford as a library person- Chair: Andrew Haden, ’00, San Diego sons, Alan Jr. and William; stepchildren, Shauna nel officer. She went on to become a government Smith and Jim Smith; grandson; and three siblings. documents librarian, head of the Cubberley Educa- Vice Chair: James Ambroise, ’92, Brooklyn, N.Y. tion Library and social sciences curator. She then Vice President for Alumni Affairs and HUMANITIES AND SCIENCES worked for 11 years at the U. of Chicago library in President, Stanford Alumni Association: Sally Ann Mayock Hartley, Gr. ’50 (political sci- collection development and public services. In Howard Wolf, ’80, Stanford ence), of Union City, Calif., May 1, at 92, of cancer. retirement she was involved with the Greyhound She worked at the Federal Reserve in San Fran- Adoption Center. Survivors: her three siblings. cisco before moving to San Bernardino to raise Rajan Sekaran, MA ’84 (mathematics), of Weston, Antonio Aguilar, ’18, San Francisco her family. After earning a teaching credential, she Conn., May 21, at 59, in a car accident. He worked Martha Alvarez, ’08, MA ’09, Sacramento, Calif. taught in local schools for 14 years. She enjoyed in investment banking at J.P. Morgan and Morgan Ethan Aumann, MS ’04, PhD ’10, Washington, D.C. hosting exchange students and Rotary Club visitors. Stanley. Shortly after 9/11, he moved from Manhat- Adam Bad Wound, MA ’05, MA ’06, Oakland She was predeceased by her husband, Hollis, ’48, tan to Weston and left his position as a managing JD ’50, and son Stephen. Survivors: her children director to focus on raising his children. He was Yvette Bowser, ’87, Los Angeles Rob, Peg Healy and Jim, ’80; and six grandchildren, particularly dedicated to enriching the Weston Jennifer Chou, ’00, MA ’01, JD ’05, Los Angeles including Nicholas, ’14, MA ’16, and Samantha, ’11. public school system. Survivors: his wife, Anna; Bob Cohn, ’85, Potomac, Md. Thomas Wright Greenlee, PhD ’59 (chemistry), of sons, Doran and Janak; parents, Thyagaraja and Doug Cushing, ’67, Lake Oswego, Ore. Cleveland, January 1, 2018, at 85. He worked as a Maragatham Chandrasekaran; and sister. Preston DuFauchard, ’78, Oakland research chemist at Aerojet, at Dow Corning and, Julie Carolin Inness, PhD ’89 (philosophy/humani- after a break to teach in Germany for two years, ties), of Northampton, Mass., March 10, at 52, of Sako Fisher, ’82, San Francisco at Tremco. He was recognized as a Distinguished Huntington’s disease. She taught philosophy and Ivan Fong, JD ’87, Minneapolis Corporate Inventor by the American Society of women’s studies at Mount Holyoke College. Her Celine Foster, ’21, Stanford Patent Holders. In 1992, he was ordained a priest book Privacy, Intimacy, and Isolation was pub- Patricia Gumport, MA ’82, MA ’86, PhD ’87, in the Anglican Catholic Church and served as lished by Oxford University Press. After the pro- curate at St. James. Survivors: his wife of 53 years, gression of her disease made teaching impossible, Stanford Joanne; and sons, Joel, Kevin and Patrick. she continued to meet challenges with grace, William Hagenah, ’66, Kenilworth, Ill. Gerald Alvin “Gerry” Peterson, PhD ’62 (physics), courage and ferociousness. Survivors: her friend Jamie Halper, ’81, Pacific Palisades, Calif. of Leverett, Mass., April 21, at 89, of heart failure. and guardian, Athena Stylos. Maribel Hernandez, MD ’85, Penn Valley, Pa. He served in the Army. He taught first at Yale, then David Hornik, ’90, Palo Alto at the U. of Massachusetts Amherst. He contributed LAW to more than 200 publications on electron scatter- Beatrice Challiss Laws, LLB ’52, of San Fran- Nelson Hsu, ’91, MS ’93, Dallas ing and nuclear structure, and his research was rec- cisco, March 10, at 92. She clerked for Chief Jus- Bacardi Jackson, ’92, Miramar, Fla. ognized with fellowships and visiting professorships tice Phil Gibson of the California Supreme Court Ron Johnson, ’80, Atherton, Calif. in the Netherlands, Japan, Germany and Great and was a deputy city attorney in San Francisco. Theresa Johnson, ’06, MS ’10, PhD ’15, Britain. Survivors: his wife, Doris; children, Curt, In a later position with the Sierra Club, she helped Thomas and Anna Beth; and five grandchildren. protect wildlands throughout the United States. San Francisco Robert Bennett, MA ’67, PhD ’70 (English), of In the 1980s, she served the city of San Francisco Tonia Karr, ’92, San Francisco Newark, Del., March 16, at 78. He taught English as a commissioner for the juvenile court. She loved Suleman Khan, MD candidate, Stanford literature at the U. of Delaware, specializing in the outdoors and backpacking with her family in Eddie Poplawski, ’81, MBA ’87, Bellevue, Wash. Shakespeare and modern theater. He was an the Sierras. She was predeceased by her hus- Nina Rodriguez, MS ’05, Washington, D.C. avid runner, mountain hiker and environmental band, Robert. Survivors: her sons, James and activist. He helped found a Delaware chapter of John; and grandchildren. Phil Satre, ’71, Reno, Nev. the Sierra Club and once blocked a bulldozer Albert Roland Schreck, Gr. ’57, of Portola Valley, Andrei Stamatian, ’00, Bucharest, Romania with his station wagon to prevent illegal destruc- Calif., February 6, at 89. After his Air Force service Jonathan Steuer, MA ’92, PhD ’95, New York tion of wetlands. Survivors: his wife of 54 years, and law school, he co-founded the firm of Kingsley, Lolita Sy, ’83, Makati City, Philippines Joan (Secord, MA ’66, PhD ’71); children, Miriam Schreck, Wells & Reichling and also helped incorpo- and Aaron; three grandchildren; and brother. rate Portola Valley. He was a Little League coach, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Stanford Constantin Galskoy, MA ’71, PhD ’77 (history), of school district president and trustee of the Museum Fernando Trevino, ’92, San Antonio New Fairfield, Conn., January 21, at 71, of cancer. of Modern Art in San Francisco, and he sponsored Matthew Tsang, ’01, Minneapolis He was director of Russian services at Radio Free many organizations dedicated to peace, social jus- Connie Wang, MA ’05, Mountain View Europe and later launched Russian and Czech tice and environmental protection. He was prede- Kelsei Wharton, ’12, Washington, D.C. editions of Reader’s Digest. Survivors: his wife, ceased by his wife, Joel, and a granddaughter. Elena; daughters, Alexandra and Vera; four grand- Survivors: his sons, Daniel, Charles and Thomas; Bess Yount, ’09, MA ’10, San Francisco children; and brother. seven grandchildren; and one great-granddaughter.

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STANFORD 63 Being the LightI Wish to See People haven’t alwaysextendedahand. That’s whysometimesIgooverboard. 64 life. Traveling asawomanofcolor replayed throughoutmy adult clothes onthecoldground. night”sleeping inmygood damp a me how to“have Iwas going and sleepingbags. Nooneasked the campfiretoretire totheirtents northern lightsrose,peopleleft ofthe into nightandtheedges started tomake dinner. did!) whenwewentashoreand tioned my wet stuff (I’m sureI Everything was drenched.Imen- and Ihadfallenintothewater. my knapsack, my sleepingbag blue beautyofKipawa, Quebec, a groupof30other teensinthe an arduousday ofcanoeingwith my front,decadeslater. During on my backandthewarmth on

I CAN STILL FEEL JANET SAVAGE Postscript A version of this scene has A version ofthisscenehas One by one,astheday fell SEPTEMBER 2020SEPTEMBER the wet chill back. Itwasn’t night,but agood fall asleep, thecoldslappedmy bag, butjust asIwas abouttotruly softness ofheroversized down warm. Inestled intothedarkblue her asmuchIcouldtokeep offered tolet mesnuggleagainst alone. it time ofday. Igrewusedtogoing Passersby wouldnot tellmethe a bag.Valets wereunavailable. handed memy purchaseswithout of sharingtheirown. Storeclerks search forworksamples instead me todoaneedle-in-a-haystack holding help. My colleaguessent hands politelyposedandwith- raised against me,butrather effect offoldedhands. Not hands lands, hotels—I fancy feltthe schools, executive suites, foreign in unexpectedclimes—elite Back atcamp, oneperson I’d neededandthehelpI’d about thegulfbetween thehelp see whatIhadmissed. spray ofitstip. Iwas stunned to at campwas just thegauzy, pale aurora borealis. WhatIhadseen full, undulatingblazeofthe camp night,Isaw aphoto ofthe cabin toprevent crumpling. hook inJet Blue’s first-class hang my weddingdressonher Drive. One personofferedto rying aheavy parcel onPalm me aliftwhenshesaw mecar asking. Onetime,astranger gave me hisworksample withoutmy Once (onlyonce)apersonsent seen thenorthernlights. grateful for thehelp—and to have throughout theyearsIremained And thatgot methinking Many yearsafterthat cold This scenehasalsoreplayed. - [email protected]. Los Angeles.Email heratstanford tainment executive andawriterin Janet Savage, ’82, isanenter borealis. for advice. the friendwithallunasked- times theannoying mother and a supportive boss, butalsosome- that oneperson.Thatmakes me an irresistible tohelp, urge tobe no rightto. loss, albeitforsomething Ihad years was paired withasenseof denly, thegratitudeIhadfelt for would Ihave neededto? Sud- Why hadn’t Iasked? Why bag? clothes, ortoshareanunzipped had nooneoffered me dry Why received thatnightatcamp. Forgive fullaurora meifIgo I confesstohaving developed n -

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government agencyor theCalifornia LifeandHealth InsuranceGuarantee Association. subject toregulation bytheStateofCalifornia. Payments undersuch agreements,however, arenotprotectedorotherwise guaranteedbyany This isnotlegal advice.Anyprospectivedonor shouldseektheadviceof aqualifiedattorneyortaxadvisor. Californiaresidents:Annuities are ADPG0720 take care of Stanford. of care take Take care of yourself, gift annuitiestoresidentsincertain states. Please notethatStanfordisunable tooffer charitable gi annuity: Create your legacy with a • • • You are entitledto animmediate You make alastingcontribution that not subjectto market fluctuations. backed by theuniversity’s assets and payments to you oraloved onefor life, more, Stanford makes fixed annual program that’s important to you. In exchange for agi of$20,000or charitable income tax deduction. plannedgiving.stanford.edu [email protected] (800) 227-8977, ext. 54358 the Oice of Planned Giving To learn more, please contact supports thefuture ofauniversity ST “Stanford has always been a part of my life.” CU ANFORD GIFTANNUITIES RRENT SINGLE-LIFERA AG 90+ 85 80 75 70 SHELDON KAY E RA TE (% 8.6 7.6 6.5 5.4 4.7 TES ) 7/28/20 3:29 PM Trust.Whittier.

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Contact Tim McCarthy | 626.463.2545 whittiertrust.com $10 MILLION MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND/OR LIQUID ASSETS REQUIRED. Investment and Wealth Management Services are provided by Whittier Trust Company and The Whittier Trust Company of Nevada, Inc. (referred to herein individually and collectively as “Whittier Trust”), state-chartered trust companies wholly owned by Whittier Holdings, Inc. (“WHI”), a closely held holding company. This document is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended, and should not be construed, as investment, tax or legal advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results and no investment or financial planning strategy can guarantee profit or protection against losses. All names, characters, and incidents, except for certain incidental references, are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is entirely coincidental.

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