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A Collection of Brachionid Rotifers from Kerala by Ckg Nayar and Kkn Nair

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A Collection of Brachionid Rotifers from Kerala by Ckg Nayar and Kkn Nair A COLLECTION OF BRACHIONID ROTIFERS FROM KERALA BY C. K. G. NAYAR AND K. K. N. NAIR (Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda) Received July 19, 1968 (Communicated by Dr. P. N. Ganapati, r.A.sc.) ABSTRACT The present paper, which deals with 15 species of brachionid rotifers, forms the first report on the rotifers of Kerala. A new variety Brachio- nus forficula keralaiensis has been described. Dipeuchlanis propatula, Anuraeopsis fissa lata and Brachionus caudatus personatus are reported for the first time from India. INTRODUCTION STUDIES on the rotifers of India have attracted the attention of a few workers (Anderson, 1889; Murray, 1906 ; Edmondson and Hutchinson, 1934; Hauer, 1936; 1937; Ahlstrom, 1940; Donner, 1949; Brehm, 1950; Pasha, 1961; George, 1961; Arora, 1962-66; Nayar, 1964-68; Wulfert 1966). Most of these works are confined to North Indian forms and our knowledge about the rotifers of South India is meagre. Edmondson and Hutchinson (1934) reported 23 species of rotifers from Nilgiri. The only other reports on the rotifers of Southern India are of Ahlstrom (1940) and Pasha (19.61) based on collections from Madras and nothing is known about the forms available in Kerala. The present paper deals with 15 species of rotifers belonging to the Family Brachionidae, collected from different localities in Kerala (Table I). Collections have been made by tow nets of nylon cloth and by washing the weeds as suggested by Gallagher (1956). Among the 15 species de- scribed in this paper one is a new variety, three are newly reported from India and nine forms are reported for the first time from South India. The list of forms collected and their occurrence in the other parts of the ¢ountr~¢ are given in Table II, 224 C. K. G. NAYAR AND K. K. N. NAIR TABLE I Sample No. Date of collection Locality 1 20-9- 1966 Pond Navarikulam Irinjalakuda 2 15-10-1966 Natural pond Chittur 3 29-12-I 966 Pond Manimala 4 25- 3-1967 Navarikulam Irinjalakuda 5 19- 6-1967 )) 6 8- 7-1967 College pond 7 26-- 7-1967 Navarikulam 8 20-- 8-1967 9 14- 9-1967 Pond Manimala i0 15- 9-1967 Ditch on a rock ] 1 24- 9-1967 Pond Cheruvally 12 6-12-1967 Kadalichira Alur TABLE I[ Species = ~ ~ ."= ~ "6 ~ "'~ B. quadridentatus X .. X .... X X X X B. calyciflorus .. X .. X .. X X X X B. angularis .. X .. X .. X .. X X B. falcatus .. ........ X X X X B. forficula keralaiensis .. °° "° °" °° o° ,° ~ ,o B. caudatus personatus °" °° °q °- *° °° o.° om P. patulus .... X X X ...... P. quadricornis • . X X ........... K. tropica X .. X .. X X X X K. procurva X .......... am X A. fissa fissa X .......... X X A. fissa lata "" • ..... o, o° )Q o,o M. ventralis x x x x ...... x x T tetractis .. x x x x x ,, x .. D. propatulus .. ,. ,, ,. ,, ,, ,, ~ ., --indicato8 pr¢~n~e, A Collection of Brachionid Rotifers fr~ m Kerala 225 Class: ROTIFERA Subclass: MONOGONONTA Order PLOIMA Family: Brachionidae 1. Brachionus quadridentatus Hermann, 1783 This cosmopolitan species has been found to be well represented in the sampless 2, 4 and 10. The specimens collected from different loca- lities show much variation in the length of the occipital spines. The poste- rior spines, which were present in all the specimens examined, were more variable than the anterior spines. The measurements of four specimens are given below: Sample 2 Sample 4 Sample 10 Total length .. 165/~ 264/~ 264/~ 294/~ Length of the lorica .. 120 150 147 144 Maximum width .. 111 183 171 186 Occipital spines .. 15, 12, 21 18, 12,30 24, 12, 42 26, 12,45 Posterior spines .. 24, 30 63, 60 81, 72 117, 117 Anterior margin .. 84 108 117 114 In all the specimens examined the lorica has been found to be pustulate. This species has a wide distribution all over India. 2. Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1776 This species occurred in the samples 1 and 5. The specimens collec- ted in September (sample 1) were not having posterolateral spines. The anterior ventral margin of the specimens in sample 5 was having a median sinus while it was arched without a sinus in the specimens of sample 1. Nayar (1968) also observed a difference in the nature of the ventral mar- gin in the specimens collected from Rajasthan. Measurements : Sample 1 Sample 5 Total length .. 222/~ 249/~ Length of the lorica .. 186 174 Maximum width .. 144 165 Occipital margin .. 99 123 Occipital spines .. 36, 27 45, 36 Posterior spines .. 18 12 Posterolater~l spi~ .. absent $9 226 C.K.G. NAYAR AND K. K. N. NAIR i / 7' 8 Fras. 1-9. Fig. 1. Brachionus quadridentatus, Fig, 2. Braehionus forficula keralaieasis vat. nov. Fig. 3. Brachionus caudatus personatus. Fig.~ 4. Keratella procurva, Fig. 5. Anuraeopsis fissa lata. Fig. 6. Platyias patulus. Figs. 7-9. Anuraeopsis fissa fissa, Fig. 7. Ventral view. Fig. 8. Dorsal view. Fig. 9. Lateral view. (All figures except Figs. 5 and 7-9 are drawn to the same scale). This highly variable species (Nayar, 1964) is known for its cyclcmor- phosis (Nayar, 1965 ; Arora, 1966). Although this is one of the most common species of Brachionus occurring in Northern India it is of less occurrence in Kerala, perhaps due to the acidic nature of the water. It is wellknown that the distribution of the species of Brachionus is governed by the hydro- gen ion concentration of the water (Ahlstrom, 1940). 3. Brachionus angularis Gosse, 1851 A few specimens of this species were present in the sample 1 and measured 81/~ in length and 69tz in width. Berzins (1953) observed a variation in length from 79/z to 130/z in West Australia. Pejler (1957a) noticed a size variation from 90 t~ to 180 tz in Sweden while Voigt (1957) gives its length varying from 91/z to 2021z. The Indian forms of this species are relatively small arid the biggest specimen obtained from India (Baroda) ~easored only 128/~ in length (Wulfert, 1966), A Collection of Brachionid Rotifers from Kerala 227 4. Braehionusfaleatus Zacharias, 1898 This was the most common rotifer in the samples 1 and 5. This is a warm water species widespread in the tropics and a summer form in Europe. Ahlstrom (1940) states that this species is not a highly variable spe- cies as the other species of Brachionus. Nayar (1968)has observed a varia- tion in the length of the intermediate spines in the specimens collected from Khetri (Rajasthan). A comparison of measurements of a few specimens collected by different workers from different localities is given below: lrinjalakuda Khetri Nagpur Baroda Fesafari (Nigeria) Total length .. 351/z 369 # -- -- 197-432 t~ -- Length of the lorica .. 126 129 168 158 80-192 144 Maximum width .. 117 123 188 170 -- Occipital margin .. 84 84 .... Lateral spine .. 24 '27 28 N _ _ Intermediate spine .. 78 94 120 -- -- -- Median spine .. 24 18 .... Posterior spine .. 144 144 84 150 70--160 170 The specimens collected from Khetri (Nayar, 1968) and Nagpur (Arora, 1963) are broader than long. In the specimens from Khetri the posterior spines are smaller than the intermediate spines. Thus it is evident that this species also shows a high degree of variation especially in the size Of the torica and the length of the posterior and intelmediate spines. 5. Brachionusforficula kerala&nsis var. nov. A large number of specimens obtained from a pond at Irinjalakuda (sample 1) have been recognised as a new variety of B. forficula Wierzeiski. The lorica is firm divided into a dorsal and ventral'plate; occipital margin with six spines, laterals being the longest. The intermediate spines are very short, but invariably present in all the specimens examined: The ventral margin is rigid, elevated with a median sinus. Lorica terminates posteriorly in a pair of stout subequal spines which are widely separated at their bases; foot opening between the bases of the posterior spines. Lorica profusely stippled. The measurements of 5 specimens occurred in the same sample are given below: 228 C.K.G. NAYAR AND K. K. N. NAIR 1 2 3 4 5 Total length .. 204/~ 144 tz 213/~ 216 t~ 204 tL Length of the lorica .. 99 78 111 120 87 Maximum width .. 93 75 96 96 96 Anterior margin .. 60 60 60 60 69 Occipital spines .. 21, 3, 12 15, 3,9 18, 3, 12 18, 2, 12 Posterior spines .. 30, 28 57, 60 90, 84 96, 102 Although the present forms remarkably resemble Brachionus forficula Wierzeiski they differ from it in the presence of intermediate spines and in the absence of swellings at the base of the posterior spines. Hence this form has been recognised as a new variety of B. forficula. The pre- sent variety resembles B. t, avanaen~is and B. bidentata in the presence of six occipital spines. B. havanaensis, so far known only from North America, has the posterior spines originating very close to each other. B. bidentata differs from the present variety in having a flexible ventral margin without a median sinus. 6. Brachionus caudatus personatus Ahlstrom, 1940 This form occurred in the samples 4 and 11. In two of the specimens measured the lateral and the median occipital spines were of equal length while in others the laterals were slightly longer than the medians. In the specimens from Argentina (Ahlstrom, 1940) the laterals were found more than twice the length of the medians. Thus, as sugges- ted by Ahlstrom (1.940) it is possible that B. mirus Daday may be an extreme form of this variety. Measurements of 4 specimens are given below: Sample 4 Sample 11 1 2 3 4 Total length .:, 150/~ 141/~ 114/~ 108 t~ Length of the lorica .
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