DOCSLIB.ORG

Aquatic Engineering, Inc. Advancing the Science of Assessment, Management and Rehabilitation of Our Aquatic Natural Resources!

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Aquatic Engineering, Inc.

Advancing the Science of Assessment, Management and Rehabilitation of our Aquatic Natural Resources!

2004 Bone Lake Water Quality
Technical Report

Prepared by:

Aquatic Engineering

Post Office Box 3634
La Crosse, WI 54602-3634
Phone: 608-781-8770 Fax: 608-781-8771
E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.aquaticengineering.org

2004 Bone Lake Water Quality Technical Report

February 2005

By N. D. Strasser1, and J. E. Britton2

In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the Polk County Land and Water Resources Department

1 Aquatic Engineering, Inc.; [email protected] PO Box 3634, La Crosse, WI 54602-3634 Phone: 608-781-8770 www.aquaticengineering.org

2 The Limnological Institute; [email protected] PO Box 304, La Crosse, WI 54602-0304 Phone: 800-485-1772; www.thelimnologicalinstitute.org

Acknowledgements

The 2004 Bone Lake Water Quality Monitoring Technical Report was completed with the assistance of the Bone Lake Management District and through a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) Lake Planning Grant (#LPL-947-04) which provided funding for 75% of the monitoring costs. A special thanks to the following individuals for their help throughout the project:

Bone Lake Management District Commissioners

Robert Murphy Tim Laughlin Dale Vlasnik Mary Delougherty Brian Masters Dick Boss
Chairman Vice Chairman Treasurer Secretary Commissioner Commissioner
Bill Jungbauer Mark Lendway Wayne Shirley Ralph Johansen Ron Ogren
Commissioner Commissioner Town of Bone Lake Commissioner Polk County Commissioner Georgetown Commissioner

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Danny Ryan Jane Malishke Heath Benike
Lake Coordinator Environmental Grants Specialist Fish Biologist

Polk County Land and Water Resources

Jeremy Williamson Amy Kelsey
Water Quality Specialist Information and Education Coordinator

i

Executive Summary

Bone Lake is a 1,781-acre drainage lake located in Polk County, Wisconsin. Four inflows are located in the sub-watersheds. The outflow is the Fox Creek, which flows into the Apple River. The Bone Lake watershed is part of the Upper Apple River watershed in the Saint Croix River Basin. This basin was designated as a priority for non-point source pollution control by the Saint Croix Water Quality Management Plan (WI DNR 1994) and included in the Polk County Land and Water Resource Plan (Bursik

2001).

The water quality of Bone Lake was sampled from June to October of 2004. A single sample station was selected for the North and South basins of Bone Lake. Parameters of reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and chlorophyll a were analyzed by the Water and Environmental Analysis Laboratory located at the University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, and salinity were recorded on site and measured with a YSI probe at onemeter intervals from the surface to the bottom. Secchi depth readings were also taken at each water quality sampling point. Measurements were taken weekly in June and July and once per month in August through October.

The water quality results and Secchi readings show that Bone Lake is a mesotrophic to slightly eutrophic lake with a composite1 TSI (Trophic Status Index) value of 48.3. The North basin of Bone Lake is slightly more eutrophic than the South basin with TSI values of 49.6 and 46.9, respectively. Bone Lake becomes thermally stratified in the summer and mixes well in the spring and fall. The condition of the lake water quality is similar to that of other lakes in the region.

The TSI values observed in 2004 were improvements from the values reported in the 1997 Barr Engineering report. The improvements may be due to the implementation of

1 A composite TSI value was calculated by averaging the TSITP, TSIChl a and TSIS values from both basins.

ii recommendations made in that report or could be due to seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation.

Recommendations outlined in the current management plan should continue to be implemented. In addition to current recommendations, it is recommended that Bone Lake manage its curly-leaf pondweed population every spring to minimize the phosphorus loading affects that occur each summer when CLP decays. Self-help monitoring and the creation and enforcement of zoning and land use ordinances will continue to play a major role in improving water quality within Bone Lake.

iii

2004 Bone Lake Water Quality Monitoring
Technical Report

Table of Contents

  • Acknowledgments
  • i

Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Methods ii 14
2.1 Water Sample Collection ____________________________________4 2.2 On-Site Water Quality Measurements __________________________4 2.3 Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Samples _______________________4 2.4 Trophic Status Calculations __________________________________5

  • 3.0 Results
  • 6

6789
3.1 Phosphorous 3.2 Chlorophyll a 3.3 Secchi Depth 3.4 Other Parameters
3.4.1 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) ___________________________9 3.4.2 Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP) _______________________9 3.4.3 Temperature__________________________________________10 3.4.4 Conductivity and Specific Conductance ____________________12 3.4.5 Dissolved Oxygen _____________________________________12 3.4.6 Salinity______________________________________________14
3.5 Phytoplankton and Zooplankton_______________________________14

  • 4.0 Discussion
  • 18

18 18 18
4.1 Trophic Status Index 4.2 Water Quality 4.3 Phytoplankton and Zooplankton 5.0 Recommendations__________________________________________20
6.0 References 22

iv

List of Tables

Table 1 Table 2
Phytoplankton analysis of the 6-foot composite sample collected from the North basin sample site of Bone Lake, Polk Co., WI. 2004.____________15

Phytoplankton analysis of the 6-foot composite sample collected from the South basin sample site of Bone Lake, Polk Co., WI. 2004.____________15

List of Figures

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
Water quality locations within the North and South basins of Bone Lake, Polk County, WI. 2004. ________________________________________3

Total phosphorus measurements from the North and South basin sample locations in Bone Lake, Polk Co., WI. 2004. _______________________6

Chlorophyll a measurements from the North and South basin sample locations in Bone Lake, Polk Co., WI. 2004. _______________________7

Secchi depth readings from the North and South basin sample locations in Bone Lake, Polk Co., WI. 2004. _________________________________8

Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7
Bone Lake North basin temperature profiles for 2004. ________________11 Bone lake South basin temperature profiles for 2004._________________11 Dissolved oxygen profiles for the North and South basins of Bone Lake in 2004. _______________________________________________________13

Figure 8

Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11
Zooplankton community composition of Bone Lake North basin on August 19, 2004.______________________________________________16

Zooplankton community composition of Bone Lake South basin on August 19, 2004.______________________________________________16

Zooplankton community composition of Bone Lake North basin on September 8, 2004. ____________________________________________17

Zooplankton community composition of Bone Lake South basin on September 8, 2004. ____________________________________________17

v

List of Appendices

  • Appendix A Water Quality Profile Raw Data
  • 23

32 36
Appendix B WSLOH Water Quality Lab Reports Appendix C WSLOH Phytoplankton Lab Reports Appendix D Zooplankton Raw Data _________________________________________39

vi

1.0 Introduction

Bone Lake (WDNR Water Body Identification Code #2628100) is a 1,781-acre drainage

lake with a mean depth of 23 feet and a maximum depth of 43 feet, located in Polk County, Wisconsin. Four inflows are located in the sub-watersheds. The outflow is Fox Creek, which flows into the Apple River. The Bone Lake watershed is part of the Upper Apple River watershed in the Saint Croix River Basin, which was designated as a priority for non-point source pollution control by the Saint Croix Water Quality Management Plan (WI DNR 1994) and included in the Polk County Land and Water Resource Plan

(Bursik 2001).

The Bone Lake Management District was formed in 1975 to address issues of dense algal blooms and extensive weed beds. The District immediately sought help from the Office of Inland Lake Renewal, which conducted a survey of Bone Lake from 1977 to 1978. The results of the survey were presented to the District in 1980 and concluded that Bone Lake is eutrophic and that the algae and macrophyte problems stemmed from elevated phosphorous levels. The recommendations listed in the report included an alum treatment, to reduce the amount of phosphorous internally cycled, and macrophyte harvesting in certain areas.

The Bone Lake Management District has continued to be proactive in managing the lake. From 1988 to 1989 the WI DNR surveyed Bone Lake and designated 11 sensitive areas of the lake that were critical to supporting fish and wildlife. Since 1998, a volunteer from the District has collected water clarity data, as outlined by the WI DNR self-help monitoring program.

In 1997 the District contracted Barr Engineering to conduct a lake survey and write a Management Plan. The plan was completed in three phases, where the third phase was the development of a Management Plan. Management suggestions from this plan reinforced the recommended alum application and suggested creating ordinances for

1storm water, septic systems, and shoreland development. The District and Polk County have since followed through on creating ordinances for storm water, septic systems, and shoreland development but have chosen not to perform an alum application. The Management Plan also recommended continued self-help Secchi depth monitoring and water quality measurements for total phosphorous and chlorophyll a from the North and South basins every third year.

Studies leading to Barr Engineering’s Management Plan (Barr 1997 and 1999) addressed Bone Lake’s watershed, hydrology, and nutrient cycling processes, but the Plan itself did not contain an adequate aquatic plant management component. Increasing Curly-leaf pondweed populations1 are a concern for Bone Lake and should be addressed in a Management Plan update.

Curly-leaf pondweed (CLP) is an exotic aquatic plant that impacts water quality by releasing nutrients into the water column in mid-summer and promoting algal blooms (Crowell 2003). It was unintentionally introduced in Wisconsin during common carp stocking activities in the 1800’s and is now present in many Wisconsin lakes. All aquatic plants contribute nutrients to lakes as they decay, but native plants die off in the late summer or early fall, and their nutrients are consumed by bacteria before they can fuel algal growth. As much as 5.5 pounds of phosphorus per acre can be released from monotypic CLP beds (McComas 2000). Excess nutrients such as phosphorus cause murky water conditions and algal blooms.

1 Aquatic Engineering Inc. mapped 57.7 acres of Curly-leaf pondweed in May 2003.

2
Figure 1. Water quality locations within the North and South basins of Bone Lake, Polk County, WI. 2004.

3

2.0 Methods

2.1 Water Sample Collection

Water quality monitoring is a specific recommendation of the Polk County Land and Water Resource Plan (p. 22). Therefore, two sample sites were established at opposite ends of the lake; one site was selected in the North basin at the deep hole, and one in the South basin, just south of the island (Fig. 1). Water samples were collected by representatives of Polk County and were sent to the Water and Environmental Analysis Laboratory (WEAL) located at UW – Stevens Point, where they were analyzed for total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate + nitrite, ammonia, alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, and total suspended solids. These samples were collected at elbow depth and kept on ice until they arrived at the laboratory. Samples were collected weekly in June and July and then monthly until fall turnover.

2.2 On-Site Water Quality Measurements

Depth profiles were collected weekly at the two mid-basin sampling sites during the summer sampling period (June and July) and once per month until the fall turnover event. Data points were collected at one-meter intervals throughout the water column and measured on-site for dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, and temperature with a YSI SONDE probe.

2.3 Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Samples

Phytoplankton and zooplankton samples were collected in August at both lake water quality monitoring stations. A 2-meter integrated surface sampling device was used to collect a composite sample of the epilimnion. The device was lowered to approximately 1 foot below the water surface effectively capturing a 2 meter column of water from approximately 1 to 7 feet below the water surface. Phytoplankton samples were mailed

4overnight to the Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene in Madison, WI. The most common organism was identified to species; remaining organisms were identified to division, and biomass estimates were calculated. Zooplankton samples were collected either from the bottom of the epilimnion to the water surface, or from two feet above the lake bottom to the surface, depending on field conditions. A vertical tow net with 66 µm mesh and collection cup was used for sampling. The most common taxa were identified to species; all other taxa were identified to genus, and the biovolume of each taxon was estimated. Zooplankton samples were mailed overnight to Phycotech, where all taxa were identified to species, and the biovolume of each taxon was estimated.

2.4 Trophic Status Calculations

Trophic status was calculated for each sampling location using the following equations

(the units of measurement required for each parameter are included as a subscript in the equation):

TSISD = 60 – 14.41* ln (SDm) TSIchl = 9.81* ln (chlµg) + 30.6 TSITP = 14.42 * ln (TP µg) + 4.15

The following scale is used to evaluate trophic status (Lillie and Mason 1983):

  • TSI < 30
  • oligotrophic

mesotrophic eutrophic
40 < TSI < 50 TSI > 50

5

3.0 Results

3.1 Phosphorous

The average total phosphorus (TP) for the North basin was 24.4µg/L with a maximum of 35µg/L and a minimum of 13µg/L. The average for the South basin was 21.4µg/L with a maximum of 34µg/L and a minimum of 9µg/L. The TSITP values for the North and South basins are 50.2 and 48.3, respectively.

Bone Lake Total Phosphorus 2004

40 35

Eutrophic

30 25
North Basin
20

15 10
5
South Basin

Mesotrophic Oligotrophic

0

  • 6/8/04
  • 7/8/04
  • 8/19/04
  • 9/8/04
  • 10/27/04

Figure 2. Total phosphorus measurements from North and South basin sample locations in Bone Lake, Polk Co., WI. 2004.

6

3.2 Chlorophyll a

The average chlorophyll a (Chl a) a for the North basin was 10.12µg/L with a maximum of 17.6µg/L and a minimum of 5.4µg/L. The average Chl a for the South basin was 5.76µg/L with a maximum of 10.0µg/L and a minimum of <1.0µg/L. The TSIchl values for the North and South basins are 53.3 and 47.8, respectively.

Bone Lake Chlorophyll a 2004

20 18 16 14 12 10
8

Eutrophic

North Basin South Basin

6

Mesotrophic Oligotrophic

420

  • 6/8/04
  • 7/8/04
  • 8/19/04
  • 9/8/04
  • 10/27/04

Figure 3. Chlorophyll a measurements from the North and South basin sample locations in Bone Lake, Polk Co., WI. 2004.

7

3.3 Secchi Depth

The average Secchi reading for the North basin was 9.08 ft with a maximum of 16.5 ft and a minimum of 5.0 ft, recorded on October 27th and August 9th, 2004, respectively. The average reading for the South basin was 9.45 ft with a maximum reading of 17.0 ft and a minimum of 6.5 ft, recorded on October 27th and September 8th, 2004, respectively. The TSIS for the North and South basins are 45.3 and 44.8, respectively.

Secchi Depth in Bone Lake
June-October 2004

6/8/2004 6/16/2004 6/30/2004 7/8/2004 7/14/2004 7/22/2004 7/29/2004 8/19/2004 9/8/2004 10/27/2004
1234

Eutrophic

56789

Mesotrophic Oligotrophic

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
North Basin South Basin

Figure 4. Secchi depth readings from the North and South basin sample locations in Bone
Lake, Polk Co., WI. 2004.

8

3.4 Other Parameters

Other parameters, such as total Kjeldahl nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, temperature, conductivity, specific conductance, and salinity affect water quality in many different ways and are discussed separately in the following sections.

3.4.1 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)

The Kjeldahl technique is a laboratory test for measuring the amount of organic nitrogen contained in water. Organic nitrogen concentration is equal to total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration (TKN) minus ammonia concentration. Organic nitrogen may exist as either dissolved or suspended particulate matter in water. High levels of organic nitrogen in water may indicate excessive biological production or organic pollution in the watershed. Animal and human waste, decaying organic matter, and live organic material like tiny algae cells can cause organic nitrogen enrichment of lake water (Tippecanoe

Environmental Lake and Watershed Foundation 2005). Nitrogen, like phosphorus, is an

essential macronutrient needed for algal production. Most Midwest lakes, however, are phosphorus-limited, and attempts to reduce lake nitrogen levels may have little effect on algal biomass (Holdren et al. 2001). The average TKN for Bone Lake in 2004 was 487µg/L. The N: P ratio was approximately 21 and supports the conclusion that Bone Lake is phosphorus-limited.

3.4.2 Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP)

Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) is a dissolved form of phosphorus. Because dissolved phosphorus is readily available for uptake by plants, the amount of SRP found in a lake provides a good estimation of how much phosphorus is available for algae and plant growth. Because aquatic plant growth is typically limited by phosphorus, added phosphorus (especially in dissolved, bio-available form) can fuel plant growth and cause algae blooms. Sources of SRP can include failing septic systems, animal waste, fertilizers, decaying plants and animals, and sediment resuspension from the lake bottom. Because phosphorus is cycled so rapidly through biota, SRP concentrations as low as 5 µg/L are enough to maintain eutrophic or highly productive conditions in lake systems

9

(Tippecanoe Environmental Lake and Watershed Foundation 2005). The average SRP

for Bone Lake in 2004 was 16.3µg/L.

3.4.3 Temperature

Temperature plays a major role in water quality, especially in lakes that become thermally stratified. Thermal stratification occurs when water in the top layer of a lake becomes heated by the sun, and insufficient mixing action allows this warm water layer (epilimnion) to "float" on top of a cooler, more dense layer of water near the bottom (hypolimnion). As the summer progresses, the difference in density between the two layers increases, and when the difference becomes too great for wind energy to mix, the lake becomes stratified (Holdren et al. 2001). The region between the epilimnion and hypolimnion is called the metalimnion. The depth within the metalimnion where the rate of change in temperature is greatest is called the thermocline (Holdren et al. 2001). In 2004 Bone Lake formed a thermocline in both basins of the lake. The thermocline in the South basin, however, was more distinct than that in the North basin, but neither thermocline was particularly strong in 2004. The fetch of Bone Lake (the area of the lake affected by wind motion) allows for plenty of mixing action caused by wind and waves, and a steady flow of recreationalists also aids in mixing the water.

10

Bone Lake North Basin Temperature Profiles 2004

Recommended publications
  • Microzooplankton Composition and Dynamics in Lake Erie

    Microzooplankton Composition and Dynamics in Lake Erie

    MICROZOOPLANKTON COMPOSITION AND DYNAMICS IN LAKE ERIE A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of the University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Kenneth M. Moats May 2006 MICROZOOPLANKTON COMPOSITION AND DYNAMICS IN LAKE ERIE Kenneth M. Moats Thesis Approved: Accepted: ______________________________ ______________________________ Advisor Department Chair Peter J. Lavrentyev Richard L. Londraville ______________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College R. Joel Duff Ronald F. Levant ______________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School David M. Klarer George R. Newkome ______________________________ Date ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my graduate advisor Dr. Peter Lavrentyev for introducing me to the study of aquatic microbial ecology and for the opportunity to conduct this study. The importance of his guidance and expertise in every aspect of this research cannot be understated. I would also like to thank him for the patience, support, and encouragement he provided throughout my tenure. I would also like to thank the other members of my advisory committee, Dr. Joel Duff and Dr. David Klarer, for the helpful advice and comments offered during the preparation of this manuscript. I would like to extend my thanks to Dr. Klarer and the staff of Old Woman Creek NERR for logistical support and the sharing of unpublished data on Old Woman Creek. I thank Dr. Frank Jochem of Florida International University, Dr. Henry Vanderploeg and Dr. Stuart Ludsin of Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, and the Captain and crew of the US EPA R/V Lake Guardian for logistical support during the Lake Erie experiments.
  • Rotifera: Monogononta)

    Rotifera: Monogononta)

    Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 36, No. 3: 222-227, July 2020 https://doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2020.36.3.046 Review article New Record of Kellicottia bostoniensis and Redescription of Two Freshwater Rotifers from Korea (Rotifera: Monogononta) Hee-Min Yang, Gi-Sik Min* Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea ABSTRACT In this study, we identified three monogonont rotifers from South Korea: Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908), Trichocerca tenuior (Gosse, 1886), and Lepadella triptera (Ehrenberg, 1830). The distribution records of K. bostoniensis were mainly located in the Nearctic, Neotropic and Western Palearctic regions. After Japan, this is the second record of it in Asia. Trichocerca tenuior and Lepadella triptera have already been recorded in Korea, but the data of two species were insufficient in previous study. Here, we describe the morphological characteristics of the three species and the trophi structures of K. bostoniensis and T. tenuior. This study is the first to characterize the trophi structure of K. bostoniensis, observed using a scanning electron microscope. In addition, we have determined the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 18S rRNA gene sequences of T. tenuior and L. triptera for their DNA barcodes. Keywords: ‌biodiversity, East Asia, monogonont rotifers, SEM, taxonomy INTRODUCTION 1999). The genus Trichocerca Lamarck, 1801 is a species-rich Research on rotifers in Korea was started by Hada (1936), who taxon in the monogonont rotifers. It comprises 77 species collected 17 species from Lake Seo-ho in Suwon-si, Gyeong- and inhabits various environments such as fresh, brack- gi-do, South Korea. So far, 305 species have been recorded in ish, and marine water (Segers, 2007; Jersabek and Leitner, Korea (National Institute of Biological Resources and Minis- 2013).
  • On the Serotonergic Nervous System of Two Planktonic Rotifers, Conochilus Coenobasis and C

    On the Serotonergic Nervous System of Two Planktonic Rotifers, Conochilus Coenobasis and C

    ARTICLE IN PRESS Zoologischer Anzeiger 245 (2006) 53–62 www.elsevier.de/jcz On the serotonergic nervous system of two planktonic rotifers, Conochilus coenobasis and C. dossuarius (Monogononta, Flosculariacea, Conochilidae) Rick Hochbergà Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA Received 21 November 2005; received in revised form 4 April 2006; accepted 10 April 2006 Corresponding editor: M. Schmitt Abstract The serotonergic nervous systems of two non-colonial species of Conochilus were examined to obtain the first immunohistochemical insights into the neuroanatomy of species of Flosculariacea (Rotifera, Monogononta). Species of Conochilus, subgenus Conochiloides, were examined using serotonin (5-HT) immunohistochemistry, epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and 3D computer imaging software. In specimens of C. coenobasis and C. dossuarius, the serotonergic nervous system is defined by a dorsal cerebral ganglion, apically directed cerebral neurites, and paired nerve cords. The cerebral ganglion contains approximately four pairs of small 5-HT- immunoreactive perikarya; one pair innervates the posterior nerve cords and three pairs innervate the apical field. The most dorsal pair innervates a coronal nerve ring that encircles the apical field. Within the apical field is a second nerve ring that outlines the inner border of the coronal cilia. Together, both the inner and outer nerve rings may function to modulate ciliary activity of the corona. The other two pairs of perikarya innervate a region around the mouth. Specific differences in the distribution of serotonergic neurons between species of Conochilus and previously examined ploimate rotifers include the following: (a) a lack of immunoreactivity in the mastax; (b) a greater number of apically directed serotonergic neurites; and (c) a complete innervation of the corona in both species of Conochilus.
  • Rotifer Species Diversity in Mexico: an Updated Checklist

    Rotifer Species Diversity in Mexico: an Updated Checklist

    diversity Review Rotifer Species Diversity in Mexico: An Updated Checklist S. S. S. Sarma 1,* , Marco Antonio Jiménez-Santos 2 and S. Nandini 1 1 Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; [email protected] 2 Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-55-56231256 Abstract: A review of the Mexican rotifer species diversity is presented here. To date, 402 species of rotifers have been recorded from Mexico, besides a few infraspecific taxa such as subspecies and varieties. The rotifers from Mexico represent 27 families and 75 genera. Molecular analysis showed about 20 cryptic taxa from species complexes. The genera Lecane, Trichocerca, Brachionus, Lepadella, Cephalodella, Keratella, Ptygura, and Notommata accounted for more than 50% of all species recorded from the Mexican territory. The diversity of rotifers from the different states of Mexico was highly heterogeneous. Only five federal entities (the State of Mexico, Michoacán, Veracruz, Mexico City, Aguascalientes, and Quintana Roo) had more than 100 species. Extrapolation of rotifer species recorded from Mexico indicated the possible occurrence of more than 600 species in Mexican water bodies, hence more sampling effort is needed. In the current review, we also comment on the importance of seasonal sampling in enhancing the species richness and detecting exotic rotifer taxa in Mexico. Keywords: rotifera; distribution; checklist; taxonomy Citation: Sarma, S.S.S.; Jiménez-Santos, M.A.; Nandini, S. Rotifer Species Diversity in Mexico: 1.
  • The Biodiverse Rotifer Assemblages (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Arunachal Pradesh, the Eastern Himalayas: Alpha Diversity, Distribution and Interesting Features

    The Biodiverse Rotifer Assemblages (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Arunachal Pradesh, the Eastern Himalayas: Alpha Diversity, Distribution and Interesting Features

    Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (1): 1–12 ISSN 2190–7307 2019 · Sharma B.K. & Sharma S. http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2019.68.1.001 Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:839E82AA-0807-47C1-B21E-C5DE2098C146 The biodiverse rotifer assemblages (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Arunachal Pradesh, the eastern Himalayas: alpha diversity, distribution and interesting features Bhushan Kumar Sharma1, * & Sumita Sharma2 1, 2 Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong – 793 022, Meghalaya, India * Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FD069583-6E71-46D6-8F45-90A87F35BEFE 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:668E0FE0-C474-4D0D-9339-F01ADFD239D1 Abstract. The present assessment of Rotifera biodiversity of the eastern Himalayas reveals a total of 172 species belonging to 39 genera and 19 families from Arunachal Pradesh, the northeastern-most state of India. The richness forms ~59% and ~40% of the rotifer species known till date from northeast India (NEI) and India, respectively. Three species are new to the Indian sub-region, four species are new to NEI and 89 species are new to Arunachal Pradesh; 27 species indicate global distribution importance and 25 species reported exclusively from NEI merit regional interest. The rich and diverse alpha di- versity and biogeographic interest of Rotifera of this Himalayan biodiversity hot-spot is noteworthy in light of predominance of the small lentic ecosystems. Lecanidae > Brachionidae > Lepadellidae > Trichocercidae collectively comprise ~71% of total rotifer species. Brachionidae records the highest richness known from any state of India. This study indicates the role of thermophiles with overall importance of ‘tropic-centered’ genera Lecane and Brachionus, and particularly at lower altitudes; species of ‘temperate-centered’ genera Keratella, Notholca and Synchaeta are notable in our collections at middle and higher altitudes, while Trichocerca and Lepadella are other species-rich genera.
  • A Data Set on the Distribution of Rotifera in Antarctica

    A Data Set on the Distribution of Rotifera in Antarctica

    Biogeographia – The Journal of Integrative Biogeography 35 (2020): 17-25 https://doi.org/10.21426/B635044786 A data set on the distribution of Rotifera in Antarctica GIUSEPPE GARLASCHÈ1, KARIMULLAH KARIMULLAH1,2, NATALIIA IAKOVENKO3,4,5, ALEJANDRO VELASCO-CASTRILLÓN6, KAREL JANKO4,5, ROBERTO GUIDETTI7, LORENA REBECCHI7, MATTEO CECCHETTO8,9, STEFANO SCHIAPARELLI8,9, CHRISTIAN D. JERSABEK10, WILLEM H. DE SMET11, DIEGO FONTANETO1,* 1 National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania Pallanza (Italy) 2 University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Science, Institute of Biology, Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Leipzig (Germany) 3 University of Life Sciences in Prague, Praha-Suchdol (Czech Republic) 4 Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava (Czech Republic) 5 Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, Liběchov (Czech Republic) 6 South Australian Museum, Adelaide, (Australia) 7 Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena (Italy) 8 Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa (Italy) 9 Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, Section of Genoa), University of Genoa, Genoa (Italy) 10 Division of Animal Structure and Function, University of Salzburg, Salzburg (Austria) 11 Department of Biology, ECOBE, University of Antwerp Campus Drie Eiken, Wilrijk (Belgium) * email corresponding author: [email protected] Keywords: ANTABIF, Antarctica, Bdelloidea, biodiversity, biogeography, GBIF, Monogononta, rotifers. SUMMARY We present a data set on Antarctic biodiversity for the phylum Rotifera, making it publicly available through the Antarctic Biodiversity Information facility. We provide taxonomic information, geographic distribution, location, and habitat for each record. The data set gathers all the published literature about rotifers found and identified across the Continental, Maritime, and Subantarctic biogeographic regions of Antarctica.
  • Interesting Rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) from a Subtropical Wetland of Meghalaya, Northeast India: New Records

    Interesting Rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) from a Subtropical Wetland of Meghalaya, Northeast India: New Records

    Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2016) 40: 433-437 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Short Communication doi:10.3906/zoo-1510-20 Interesting rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) from a subtropical wetland of Meghalaya, Northeast India: new records Bhushan Kumar SHARMA* Freshwater Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong , Meghalaya, India Received: 07.10.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 17.12.2015 Final Version: 07.04.2016 Abstract: The plankton and semiplankton samples examined from a subtropical wetland of Shillong, Meghalaya, Northeast India (NEI), revealed seven new records of rotifers belonging to six genera and six families. These include five species new to the Indian Rotifera and two species new to the rotifer fauna of NEI, thus meriting interest in terms of biodiversity and distribution. All the species are illustrated to warrant validation. While a detailed account of the rich rotifer diversity of the wetland is continuing, this interim report raises the total tally of Rotifera known from Meghalaya to 141 species belonging to 41 genera and 20 families. Key words: Biodiversity, distribution, interesting taxa, urban wetland The phylum Rotifera is an important component of microscope; the rotifers were isolated and mounted in freshwater microinvertebrate communities and an integral polyvinyl alcohol-lactophenol and were observed with a link of aquatic food webs. The faunal diversity of the phylum Leica DM 1000 stereoscopic phase-contrast microscope from the hill state of Meghalaya, Northeast India (NEI), fitted with an image analyzer. Various taxa were identified was documented by Sharma and Sharma (1999) and that following Koste (1978), Koste and Shiel (1989), Segers was followed by certain additions subsequently by Sharma (1995), and Trinh Dang et al.
  • Species Composition and Habitat Preference of Rotifera in Ahansar Lake

    Species Composition and Habitat Preference of Rotifera in Ahansar Lake

    IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727Volume 9, Issue 1 (Jan. - Feb. 2013), PP 41-48 www.iosrjournals.org Species Composition and Habitat Preference of Rotifera in Ahansar Lake 1Irfan , J , 2Yousuf , A .R, 3Parveen .M 1, 2, 3 Department Of Centre of Research For Development University Of Kashmir Abstract: During the course of an extensive study of the ecology and systematics of the rotifera from Ahansar lake , 26 species of rotifer belonging to 14 genera, 9 families were recorded for the first time . An analysis of the family wise representation of the recorded species depicted the relative qualitative sequence to be Brachionidae > Trichocercidae = Lecanidae . Brachionidae comprised 65% of the overall species richness . Shannon,s diversity index showed highest species richness at macrophyte infested littoral zone and maximum diversity was recorded in Summer . Key Words: Rotifers , Species richness , Littoral zone I. Introduction Rotifers are among the groups of zooplankton with the largest populations in continental waters , frequently dominating the fauna . They are considered to be cosmopolitan in nature .Globally around 2000 species of rotifers are known (Shiel , 1995 ) . They are usually restricted into a littoral zone due to favourable light conditions ( Mikulski , 1974 ) . The occurrence and number of rotifers are often modified by the habitat preference of a species which is connected with overall food conditions which occur within a particular water body ( De Azavedo and Bonecker , 2003 ) . The littoral region is often the most diverse part of the lake community , supporting variety of macrophytes , their associate microflora and large number of animal species .
  • Three Lakes Council Plankton Summary 2020

    Three Lakes Council Plankton Summary 2020

    Three Lakes Council Plankton Summary 2020 In addition to our usual sampling, we collect algae and zooplankton samples once each year. These are analyzed by Solitude Lake Management, and help us assess trends in algae and zooplankton over time. For algae, while the overall levels of algae affect the clarity and aesthetics, we especially track the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) levels because those species can sometimes form toxins. We also track zooplankton, which are the microscopic animals. These are an important component of the food web and provide food to many of the animals that live in our lakes. Zooplankton are also important as a consumer of algae, so generally we like to see higher levels of zooplankton. A good diversity helps as some zooplankton are more efficient at algae predation than others. Algae Our lakes had moderate levels of algae in 2000. Waccabuc algae levels rebounded in 2000 from an unusually clear level in 2019. Oscaleta had lower levels of algae and less cyanobacteria than typical. Rippowam’s algae level declined but was dominated by cyanobacteria. Note that the numbers on the left axis for the Rippowam chart are much larger than those on the other graphs, reflecting the higher levels of algae found on Rippowam. These charts show the cyanobacteria compared to all the other types of algae. See the appendix for a more detailed assessment of the algae found in the lakes. Zooplankton The zooplankton levels in each of the lakes were all higher in 2020 than typical. Rotifers are the smallest class of zooplankton, and were the most abundant on all of the lakes.
  • (Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima) from Iran

    (Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima) from Iran

    Caspian J. Env. Sci. 2010, Vol. 8 No.2 pp. 127~139 ©Copyright by The University of Guilan, Printed in I.R. Iran CJES [Research] Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences An overview of the rotifers of the family Notommatidae (Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima) from Iran R. Malekzadeh Viayeh Artemia and Aquatic Animals Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The diversity and distribution of the rotifers family Notommatidae was studied in the northwest, the south and the southwest of Iran. In total, 29 species were identified, of which, 25 are new records for the country. New records include the following species: Cephalodella forficata, C. cf. mus, C. vittata, C. ventripes, C. lepida, C. inquilina, C. gibboides, C. tincaformis , C. obvia, C. sterea, C. physalis, C. gracilis, Eosphora najas, E. Ehrenberg, E. therina, E. anthadis, Eothina elongate, Monommata actices, Notommata pygma, N. glyphura, N. diasema, N. brachyota, Resticula nyssa, R. melandocusa and Pleurotrocha atlantica. Spatial and temporal patterns of the species diversity were evaluated. Descriptions are provided for all the identified species in detail. Biogeography and environmental conditions favorable for identified species were referred. A great richness of rotifers in aquatic environments is generally found in regions where vegetation predominates, either in aquatic or in the ecotone zone between aquatic and terrestrial environments. Keywords: Rotifer, Notommatidae, Environmental factors. INTRODUCTION (Nogrady et al., 1995). The family The phylum Rotifera is a relatively small Notommatidae is divided into two group of microscopic, aquatic or semi- subfamilies, based on the presence of a aquatic invertebrates, encompassing just wreath of bulbous glands between stomach over 1800 named species of unsegmented, and intestine (Tetrasiphoninae, with two bilaterally symmetrical, pseudocoelmates genera) or its absence (Notommatinae, with (Wallace et al., 2006).
  • Thalassic Rotifers from the United States: Descriptions of Two New Species and Notes on the Effect of Salinity and Ecosystem on Biodiversity

    Thalassic Rotifers from the United States: Descriptions of Two New Species and Notes on the Effect of Salinity and Ecosystem on Biodiversity

    diversity Article Thalassic Rotifers from the United States: Descriptions of Two New Species and Notes on the Effect of Salinity and Ecosystem on Biodiversity Francesca Leasi 1,* and Willem H. De Smet 2 1 Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA 2 Department of Biology. ECOBE, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] http://zoobank.org:pub:7679CE0E-11E8-4518-B132-7D23F08AC8FA Received: 26 November 2019; Accepted: 7 January 2020; Published: 13 January 2020 Abstract: This study shows the results of a rotifer faunistic survey in thalassic waters from 26 sites located in northeastern U.S. states and one in California. A total of 44 taxa belonging to 21 genera and 14 families were identified, in addition to a group of unidentifiable bdelloids. Of the fully identified species, 17 are the first thalassic records for the U.S., including Encentrum melonei sp. nov. and Synchaeta grossa sp. nov., which are new to science, and Colurella unicauda Eriksen, 1968, which is new to the Nearctic region. Moreover, a refined description of Encentrum rousseleti (Lie-Pettersen, 1905) is presented. During the survey, we characterized samples by different salinity values and ecosystems and compared species composition across communities to test for possible ecological correlations. Results indicate that both salinities and ecosystems are a significant predictor of rotifer diversity, supporting that biodiversity estimates of small species provide fundamental information for biomonitoring. Finally, we provide a comprehensive review of the diversity and distribution of thalassic rotifers in the United States.
  • Rotatoria Iv

    Rotatoria Iv

    CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL POUR L'EXPLORATION DE LA MER Zooplankton ROTATORIA IV Sheet 8i ORDER: MONOGONONTA SUB-ORDER: PLOIMA Family: Brachionidae (cont.) Genera: BRACHIONUS KELLICOTTIA ARGONOTHOLCA NOTHOLCA PSEUDONOTHOLCA EUCHLANIS TRIPLEUCHLANIS (By Bruno Berzins) 1960 https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5012 -2- 0.. .. :fi " 10 (I) r 11 (II -3- Genus Brachionus Pallas 1766 Body flattened dorso-ventrally. Dorsal and ventral plates of lorica completely fused laterally. Anterior dorsal edge of lorica with six or four spines; anterior ventral margin with central sinus, with or without spines. Posterior margin with or without spines. Foot annulate, with two toes. Mastax malleate. 1. Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas 1766. Total length 200--400 p, width 130-300 p. Lorica rather flexible, oval, not separated into a dorsal and ventral plate. Anterior dorsal margin with four, broad-based spines of variable length. Posterior spines usually absent; present only on some varieties. Freshwater species, but encountered in estuaries. 2. Brachionus quadridentatus brevispinus (Ehrenberg) 1832. Total length 200-350p, width 135-200 p. Lorica firm, divided into a dorsal and a ventral plate, dorso-ventrally flattened. Occipital margin with six spines, the middle pair longest, curving outward; lateral longer than intermediates. Lorica terminates posteriorly in two lateral spines, usually short in this sub-species. Freshwater species, but encountered in estuaries. 3. Brachionus plicatilis Mueller 1786. Total length 180-250 p, width 140-200 p. Lorica not firm, oval, not sharply separated into a dorsal and ventral plate. Anterior dorsal margin with six, broad-based, saw-tooth spines. Ventral margin separated into four lobes or very broad and blunt spines.