BAGERHAT DISTRICT EQUITY PROFILE

November 2014

Local Capacity Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE) Programme.

Supported by: UNICEF 0 | P a g e

Bagerhat District Map

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Contents 1.0: Overview of the district ...... 3 1.1 Background, Area and location ...... 3 1.2 Basic Data ...... 3 1.3 Population and Demography ...... 3 1.4 Climate ...... 4 1.5 Economy ...... 4 1.6 Communication ...... 4 1.6.1 Access to Mass Media and ICT...... 5 1.7 Sociocultural Scenario ...... 5 1.8 Access to basic services ...... 5 1.9 Disability: ...... 5 1.10 Issues Related to Natural Disaster ...... 5 2.0 Situation Analysis ...... 6 2.1 Education ...... 6 2.2 WASH ...... 8 2.3Basic data on Child Protection in Bagerhat: ...... 10 Birth Registration ...... 11 Child marriage...... 11 Monitoring or Results for Equity System for Child Protection ...... 11 Challenges of Child Protection Sector: ...... 12 2.4 Health: …………………………………………………………………………………… 13 2.5 Nutrition: ...... 18 2.6 Field Operation Section: Local Capacity Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE)..20

2.6.1 Emergency ...... 20 2.6.2 Status of Disaster Preparedness and risk reduction …………………………………………………….. 20

3.0 Overall Challenges for development: ...... 21 4.0 Conclusion...... 21 5.0 Other Important Information ...... 22 5.1 Summary of UNICEF interventions in Bagerhat ...... 22 5.2 wise name of unions: ...... 24

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1.0: Overview of the district 1.1 Background,Area and location Bagerhat lies between 21049 and 220 59 north latitudes between 89032 and 89098 east longitudes. The total area of the district is 3959.11 sq. km of which 1912.82 sq. km is under forest, the largest forest of the world Sunderban. It is bounded by Gopalganj District and on the north, The Bay of on the south, Gopalganj District, and on the east and District on the west. Main rivers of the district are Panguchi, Daratana, Madhumati, Pasur, Haringhata, Mongla, Baleswar, Bangra and Goshairkhali. Bagerhat District is a disaster prone area specially Sarankhola, Mongla and . Day by day it’s vulnerability is increasing due to claimant change. Annual average temperature is maximum 33.50 C and minimum 12.50C. Annual rainfall is 1710 mm.The main crops are paddy, vegetable, wheat, Jute, sugar cane, potato and banana and main export items are paddy, fish (shrimp), coconut and honey.

1.2 Basic Data Indicator Number Total Area 3959.11 Square km Total population Total: 1512484 Male: 758387 Female: 754097 Number of Upazilla 9 Number of Union 76 Number of Villalge 961 Number of Thana 9thana (police station) Number of municipality/pourashava 3 Under 5 population Total: 132440 0- 5 months:13460 6-23 months: 34385 6- 59 months: 121977 Female adolescent 13-19 yrs.: 120999 Pregnant and lactating women Pregnant women: 27043 Lactating women: 71891 1.3 Population and Demography: In Bagerhat distrcit a number of 151284 population is residing in total 3959.11 square km area with annual growth rate of -0.47. Total number of household is 354223 with an average household size of 4.13. Upazila Area sq. km Total population Male Female Mongla 1461.2 74523 67835 142358 Sarankhola 756.6 64807 58875 123682 Bagerhat Sadar 272.73 139127 138097 277224 Chitalmari 191.99 72055 72032 144087 Fakirhat 160.68 72076 71021 143097 Kachua 131.63 49606 51117 100723 Mollahat 187.88 67700 68186 135886 Morrelganj 460.9 148858 157240 306098 Rampal 335.45 80451 80406 160857 Source: National Census 2011

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Among nine of Bagerhat Mongla has the largest geographical area, whereas Kachua is the smallest. But in terms of population, Morrelganj is the largest, around 0.14 million people are residing in this upazila.

1.4 Climate Bagerhat has a tropical climate. In winter there is much less rainfall in Bagerhat than in summer. The average annual temperature in Bagerhat is 26 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1934 mm. The driest month is December with 8 mm. Most precipitation falls in July, with an average of 404 mm. The difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 396 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 10.7 °C.

Temperature Graph of Bagerhat district:

The warmest month of the year is May with an average temperature of 29.8 °C. In January, the average temperature is 19.1 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

1.5 Economy One of the two main ports of , Port Mongla is here. Rampal and Fakirhat, two Upazilla of Bagerhat is famous for huge production of shrimp and earning a lot of foreign exchange.The main crops are paddy, vegetable, wheat, Jute, sugar cane, potato and banana and main export items are paddy, fish (shrimp), coconut and honey. The majority of family income earned through unskilled daliy labour, agriculture and fish culture.

1.6 Communication

Most of the areas of the district are well communicable except some Islands inside forests. Engine boats are generally used to reach remote Islands on the other hand foot, bicycle and motor bikes are popular for inland hard to reach areas. Some areas with muddy roads become inaccessible during rainy season. These areas become real hard to reach as they can only be accessed on foot, and it is often difficult. Bagerhat District has a total of 370.91 kilometres (230.47 mi) waterways 205 kilometres (127 mi) and railway 24 kilometres (15 mi). There are 5 railway stations.

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Road Type Earthen(KM) Pavement(KM) Total Length(KM) Upazila Road : 6585.81 29797.33 37334.86 Union Road : 19981.70 22478.31 44202.03 Village Road A: 100645.49 8736.13 111340.87 Village Road B: 86117.94 22291.64 111501.55 Total Roads: 213330.94 83303.41 304379.31 Source: http://www.lged.gov.bd/ViewRoad2.aspx

1.6.1 Access to Mass Media and ICT Indicator (%) Exposure to mass media to women aged 15-49 years 0.1 Use of computers by women aged 15-49 years 7.6 Use of internet by women aged 15-24 years 3.3 Source: MICS 2012-2013

1.7 Sociocultural Scenario The socio cultural environment of Bagerhat district is largely influenced and renovated by the livelihhod surrounded by the , expended areas of shrimp farming and the country’s second largest sea port Mongla.

1.8 Access to basic services 10% of country’s children lives in of which 24% are either living in households under the 1$ day/person PPP-s threshold or experiencing severe deprivation of human need. 57% children are facing at least one severe deprivation of their basic needs.

The coastal belt in Khulna division is prone to cyclones and flooding so it is a pocket of vulnerability, with approximately 3 million extremely poor people living there. These people suffer from a lack of fresh water (salinity problem), lack of income generating options (leading to urban migration), lack of access to basic services (health problems related to salinity), low levels of children attending school, lack of access to social protection.

1.9Disability: Though there is a lack of reliable data on the total number of disable people in Bagerhat district, they are commonly seen almost everywhere in the district. Defective birth, natural disasters, road accidents and disease are among the most common causes of disability in this area. Some NGOs (ADD) are working exclusively on disable child. As census 2011, 1.7% (25094 person) of total population in Bagerhat are disable out of this speech 0.2%, vision 0.3%, hearing 0.2%, physical 0.7%, mental 0.2%, and autism 0.1%.

1.10 Issues Related to Natural Disaster Bagerhat as coastal district is prone to cyclone, salinity, sea upsurge, flood and other natural and manmade disasters. In recent years this district was hit by natural disasters called Sidr.

Cyclone SIDR was the strongest cyclone in the , resulting in one of the worst natural disasters in Bangladesh. The storm eventually made landfall in Bangladesh on November 15, 2007, causing large-scale evacuations. Around 3.5 thousand deaths were blamed on the storm. In Khulna, SIDR affected mainly the Bagerhat district. As Child Protection in Emergency (CPiE) response to cyclone SIDR, Child Friendly Spaces (CFS) was implemented with financial and technical assistance from UNICEF Bangladesh. 681 number of OVC (319 orphans and 362 Vulnerable) were identified

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and provided with Conditional Cash Transfer through AmaderShishu project in Shoronkhola and Morelganj Upazila of Bagerhat.

2.0 Situation Analysis

2.1 Education Basic data on Education in Bagerhat: Subject/Indicator Status Subject/Indicator Status /Number /Number

Children 0-4 years 138406 Institutions

Children 5-9 Years 175947 Primary School (Gov’t) 607

Children 10-14 Years 180151 Primary School (Non Gov’t)/ Reg 547

Children 15-19 Years 124886 Community, NGO other primary 292

Vacant teacher in Gov’t Pri school 146 Primary Training Institute 0

Total teacher in RegPri school 2103 TTC 0

Female teacher in Gov’t Primary 65% Madrasha (Ebtadia) 193

Children enrolled in all kind of 220304 University 0 Primary (including Madrasha)

Girls enrolled in kind of Primary 112428 Colleges Gov’t 2, (including Madrasha) (51%)

Enrollment rate 99.92 College (Reg/ non gov’t/ Private) Private 31 Others 9

Children drop out at primary 16.19 Secondary School (Gov’t) 5

Girls children drop out at Primary 13.57 Secondary School (Non Gov’t) 277

PPE Class ongoing (all kind) 1138 Junior school (up to Grade 8) 50

Children enrolled in PPE 35365 Literacy rate 59 %

Source: BBS 2011, DPEO Office monitoring data base

Equity in education: Considering educational insitutions avaialble for the population of Bagerhat appear adequate but the facilities and quality of services within the School and at the remote Upazillas do not meet the minimum requirement. Safe drinking water and sanitation facilities in Schools are acute. Children drop out rate is higher (16.19 %) and they are engaged in child labour. In Government Primary schools 146 teacher position is found vacant for long time and 110 teachers didn’t receive training.

CSOs working at Bagerhat: A total 32 local and national NGOs have the programs in Bagerhat, 7 of them have the Education programs and projects.

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Children complete a full cycle of basic primary education from grade 1 to grade 5 at the appropriate age

Equity Profile - Pre-Primary Education (PPE)* 80 70 67 67 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bagerhat

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

Equity Profile - Primary Education (PE)** 120

100 100 98 100

80

60

40

20 5 0 Bagerhat

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

Challenges of education Sector:  Dropout is one of the major challenge for the education sector. As per the government report dropout rate varies by geographical locations. There are several converging issues related to dropout scenario of the division.  Effective monitoring and supervision by the relevant government authorities is absent is this areas. Academic supervision to improve the quality of education became null. TEOs and ATEOs are more interested to monitor administrative issues rather pedagogy and academic achievement.

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 Coordination among different service providing institutions became other challenges of the resign. There are lot of organizations providing different kinds of educational services without proper coordination. As a result, there are vast geographical areas remain unserved

2.2 WASH The WASH programme (2013-2016) builds on the lessons learned from the previous phase of Sanitation, Hygiene Education and Water Supply Project in Bangladesh (SHEWA-B) and the Environmental Sanitation Hygiene and Water Supply in Rural Area Project (ESHRWA). Through these phases a social model was developed based on pro-poor community action planning to establish social change for safe and sustainable WASH. Empowered people thus make their communities open-defecation free, identify and select water technologies to improve their water supply and to practice improve hygiene behaviour. The model, with community, school and mass media components, rural and urban, triggers social change for WASH

The specific objectives are:  Improved standards of hygiene behavior i. e hand washing with soap before eating food and after defecation on a sustainable basis particularly among the poor;  Improved access to improved sanitation by all households and reduction/zero open defecation in programme intervention areas by 2016  End exposure of poor and affected communities to high level of arsenic contamination in drinking water;  Increased access of poor and unserved communities to safe water throughout the year in saline and deep water table areas;  Strengthened capacity of the local government institutions (LGIs) to provide sustainable water supply, sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion to rural and urban population and to take appropriate measures to ensure safety of drinking water  Adequate/increased operation and maintenance services/ capability to meet the needs of a changing sector.

2.5.1 Basic information on water and sanitation Water and Sanitation Indicators % Use of improved drinking water 63.4 Source Use of not shared improved sanitation 39.4 : Safe disposal of child faces 43.5 MICS, Water & soap available for HW 70.6 2012- 2013 HH with soap anywhere 96.0

2.5.2 Bagerhat WASH Equity Profile

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Equity Profile - WATER In Bagerhat (Water): 80 68  Availability = 68% HH with improved water 56 60 source 32  Accessibility = 56% water sources are within 40 24 20 150m of home 0  Utilization =32% water sources are usable Bagerhat within 150 m of home  Adequate = 24% water sources are year round Availability Accessibility accessible and sufficient volume Utilization Adequate

Equity Profile - SANITATION In Bagerhat (Sanitation): 76 80 72 70 64  Availability = 78% HH with improved 60 48 latrine (JMP) 50  Accessibility = 72% latrines are within 20m 40 30 30 of home 20  Utilisation = 64% latrines are usable by all 10 members (>5 yrs old) 0  Adequate = 48% latrines are year round Bagerhat accessible and clean Availability Accessibility Utilization  Effective = 30% latrines has water and soap Adequate Effective within 5m.

UNICEF supported WASH programs in Bagerhat:

Action Research on Managed Aquifer 23 sites in 05Upazillas, working with 03 PNGOs ( JJS, Recharge (MAR) GMF and AOSED) Action Research on Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), AWP with University • Community mobilization by 07 selected PNGO. • Renovation of existing 20 MAR sites. • Construction of new 80 new MAR sites. • Abstraction management and data collection. Action research, testing and upscaling of recharge and storage of fresh water in the saline portions of the coastal plain for rural water supply. This method has various names internationally including Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) as used here, as well as groundwater buffering, and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). Purpose: To provide potable water for rural communities in areas in without any fresh water resources in the dry season Duration: 10 months, Area: 03 UNDAF districts ,Partner: DU, DPHE and Acacia

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The main objectives of MAR: • To complete the construction of 100 MAR schemes to provide 20,000-25,000 people in the Khulna region with fresh water in 2014 • To develop a plan for sustainable upscaling (technical, social, financial, operational) of the schemes in the 3 Districts which have a total population of 0,5-1 million • To explore and test the suitability of this technology in other areas of Bangladesh to combat fresh water scarcity or two mitigate over-pumping of groundwater

Expected outcome • 20 schemes tested during a full hydrologic year • 80 new schemes constructed and handed over (15,000 people) and 1200 children of 5 schools will have access to safe water. • A minimum of 5, and maximum of 10, NGO’s trained in siting, construction and O&M of the schemes • Water User Groups (including women) established at 75 sites and members trained to operate and manage the schemes; • Five School Management Committees (SMC's) trained to manage school systems. • Technical and social feasibility for up scaling completed and business plan prepared for large scale implementation • Replication of the MAR technology tested in three other areas in Bangladesh and recommendations made for follow up • Results disseminated and cooperation established with a range of Bangladeshi and Dutch organizations

Challenges of WASH sector  Ensure safe water in saline and arsenic prone areas.  Ensuring equity for allocation of safe water option in costal belt areas.  Spend 20% union’s ADP fund for WASH.  Establish good WASH practices and ODF status in Disaster prone areas.  Water point’s site selection and collecting DTWs contribution money by the LGIs.  Implementing SLTS project activities and construction at Govt. primary schools.  Delayed and poor quality supply from UNICEF.  Too short PCA duration to ensure quality output and staff dropout.

2.3 Child Protection Basic data on Child Protection in Bagerhat: Child Protection Indicators % Source Birth registration by 5 years of age 22.4 MICS, 2012-1013 Women married before 15 30.7 MICS, 2012-1013 Women married before 18 70.2 MICS, 2012-1013 Girls (15-19) currently married 39.2 MICS, 2012-1013 Children <18 living with neither biological parents 5.3 MICS, 2012-1013 Children age 1-14 years who experienced 91.5 MICS, 2012-1013 psychological aggression or physical punishment during the last one month Young women age 15-19 years who are married or in 39.2 MICS, 2012-1013 union 10 | P a g e

Women age 15-49 years who are in a polygamous 7.4 MICS, 2012-1013 union Young women who are married or in union and whose 28.3 MICS, 2012-1013 spouse is 10 or more years older among women age 15-19 years Young women who are married or in union and whose 37.7 MICS, 2012-1013 spouse is 10 or more years older among women age 20-24 years Children 0-17 years with at least one biological 0.7 MICS, 2012-1013 parent living abroad Children aged 6-14 years not attending school and 2 MICS 2009 engaging in work Children (0-18 years) suffered some form of injury 6.5 MICS, 2006 out of which 1.3% is road accident and 1% children drowned Children aged 5-18 can’t swim 20.6 MICS, 2006

Birth Registration MICS 2012 shows that 22.4% children’s (less than 5 years) birth is registered in Bagerhat District.

Online Birth Registration Information System (BRIS) was rolled-out in all the unions of Bagerhat district in 2010. Some of the Paurashava and Union Parishads are yet to complete the data entry and start the full automation of birth registration.

Child marriage 70.2% of girls are married before age of 18 in Bagerhat District, whereas 30.7% of girls are married off before the age of 15 (MICS 2012).

Though marriage registration for Muslims is mandatory by law and Kazi (Marriage registrar) is supposed to check the birth certificates as a proof of age. Parents can still get fake birth certificates with false date of birth and Kazi’s don’t have the option to check the validity of the birth certificates presented by the parents. On the other hand, registration of marriage is optional for Hindu people. This makes is very difficult to monitor and stop the child marriage.

Monitoring or Results for Equity System for Child Protection Equity Profile - Life Skills Based Education

8 7.15 7 5.86 5.39 6 5 4.98 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bagerhat

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

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Availability: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years for whom adolescent club space is available

Accessibility: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who are able to reach an adolescent club within 30 minutes

Utilization: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who attend one LSBE session at adolescent club

Adequate Coverage: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who complete Appropriate LSBE course at adolescent club

Effective Coverage: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who completed Appropriate LSBE course and are not married before the age of 18

Equity Profile - Birth Registration within 45 days 120 100 100 84.2 80 60 40 20 6.8 4.97 1.6 0 Bagerhat

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

Availability: Proportion of birth registration units connected with BRIS, equipped with computers, printers and forms and operated by trained personnel

Accessibility: Proportion of parents of children under the age of one who know where and how or who can help them reporting birth and obtaining birth registration certificate

Utilization: Proportion of parents of children under the age of one who submitted an application for birth registration and birth registration certificate for their children

Adequate Coverage: Proportion of children under the age of one who are registered in BRIS and provided with birth registration certificate

Effective Coverage:Proportion of children under the age of one who are registered in BRIS and provided with birth registration certificate within 45 days of their birth

Challenges of Child Protection Sector:  Children act 2013 not implemented by all stakeholders.  Lack of human resource in DSS, MoWCA and BSA  Less training opportunity for the field level workers in government

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 Less scope for local level stakeholders to participate in the decisions taken at the central level  Inter-sectoral cooperation/coordination is difficult

2.4 Health

Basic data on Health in Bagerhat:

Indicator Status *Data Source Under Five Mortality 45 per thousand live births 2 Infant Mortality 39 per thousand live births 2 Neonatal Mortality 30 per thousand live births 2 Maternal Mortality 64 per 100,000 live births 4 (Khulna divisional value) Delivery by SBA 20.7% 2 Delivery at Facility 15.3% 2 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 2.33 2 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) 53.8% 2 Fully Vaccination Coverage (FVC) 91% 5

Health Facilities: Facility Number *Data Source District Hospital 1 3 MCWC (Maternal and Child Welfare Center) 1 3 UHC (Upazila Health Complex) 8 3 UH&FWC (Union Health & Family Welfare Center) 62 3 CC (Community Clinic) 179 3

 *Data Source:  1. Census-2011 2. Bangladesh District Level Socio-demographic and Health Care Utilization Indicators-2011 3. Divisional Director's Office-Khulna (Health and Family Planning  4. BMMS-2010  5. EPI Coverage Evaluation Survey-2013

UNICEF supported Health projects in Bagerhat:

Project Location

Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) All upazilla of Bagerhat district

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness All upazilla of Bagerhat district (IMCI)

Joint GoB-UN Maternal and Neonatal Health All upazilla of Bagerhat district Initiative (MNHI)

Special Care New born Unit (SCANU) Bagerhat District Hospital

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Maternal and Perinatal Death Review (MPDR) All upazilla of Bagerhat district

Community Support System (ComSS) All upazilla of Bagerhat district

Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)

 As a nation-wide programme to reduce child and maternal mortality and morbidity, UNICEF is supporting Govt. of Bangladesh since 1979. Initially, the programme covered vaccination against six major infectious diseases, later vaccines for three more diseases were included. The diseases are: 1.Tuberculosis, 2. Diphtheria, 3. Whooping Cough, 4. Tetanus, 5. Hepatitis-B, 6. HeamophilusInfuenza-B, 7. Poliomyelitis, 8. Measles and 9. Rubella.  The vaccines are: 1. BCG, 2. Pentavalent vaccine, 3. OPV, 4. Measles-Rubella (MR), 5. Measles and 6. Tetanus Toxoid (TT)

Support for EPI in Bagerhat:

1. Supply of vaccines, diluents, syringes and other logistics. 2. Cold chain maintenance (Refrigerators, Cold boxes and Vaccine Carriers). 3. Capacity development of health workers on improving the quality and coverage of vaccination. 4. Support to National Immunization Days (NID) 5. Special support to low performing districts-Bagerhat (EPI micro-plan, bottleneck analysis and corrective actions) The challenges for increasing the EPI coverage:

1. Hard to reach areas in coastal areas and riverine marsh lands. 2. Vacancy of the ground level health workers. 3. Lack of motivation for EPI in poor families. 4. Lack of supportive supervision. [

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI):

 To reduce under five mortality and to prevent child hood malnutrition, UNICEF is supporting the Govt. in setting up of IMCI and Nutrition Corners at all Upazilla Health Complexes and District Hospital of Bagerhat.

Joint GoB-UN Maternal and neonatal Health Initiative:

 To accelerate the progress towards maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity reduction, Govt.of Bangladesh have undertaken an initiative with support from three UN organizations (UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO). This is known as Maternal and neonatal Health Initiative (MNHI).

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Special Care Newborn Unit (SCANU):

 It has been established that more than 60 % of the infant deaths occur in the first 28 days of life. The major causes are: Infections, Birth asphyxia, Prematurity, Low birth weight, ARI, Birth injury and congenital anomalies. Over last 15 years, though under five mortality and infant mortality is decreased significantly, neonatal mortality showed slight decrease.  The preparatory work for SCANU at Bagerhat is completed in 2014. The renovation work will start from Jan, 2015. UNICEF will provide funds and technical guidance to establish this SCANU.

Maternal and Perinatal Death Review (MPDR):

 Under a partnership with UNICEF, a civil society organization-Center for Injury Prevention & Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB) is implementing Maternal and Perinatal Death Review (MPDR) project in collaboration with Health and Family Planning departments of GoB at Bagerhat district.

Community Support System (ComSS) at Bagerhat district:

 Under a partnership with UNICEF, a civil society organization-Partners in Health and Development (PHD) is implementing the Community Support System (ComSS) project in collaboration with Health and Family Planning departments of GoB at Bagerhat district.  The Community Support System educates mothers, families and communities about birth planning, identification of danger signs of pregnancy and sick newborn, immediate referral for emergency health care services, identification of health services in near geographical locations, seek health care services from medically trained health providers and other related health care practices.

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Equity Profile - Comprehensive EmONC

120 100 100

80 63 60 41 40 28 18 20

0 Bagerhat

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

Equity Profile - ANC (PP) 120 100 100 80 80 63 60 42 40

20 0 0 Bagerhat

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

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Equity Profile - Fully Vaccinated Children (Health) 102 100 100 98 98 98

96 94 94

92 91

90

88

86 Bagerhat

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

Equity Profile - CCM for Pneumonia 120 100 100 90

80 74

60 54 54

40

20

0 Bagerhat

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

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2.5 Nutrition: Nutrition Indicators % Source Stunting 33.4 MICS 2012-13 (34.1) (BDHS 2011)

Wasting 12.0 MICS 2012-13 (14.6) (BDHS 2011) Underweight 28.4 MICS 2012-13 (29.1) (BDHS 2011) Prevalence of Low Birth Weight 30.5 MICS 2012-13

Prevalence of anemia in children 54.2 BDHS 2011 6-59 months Prevalence of anemia in women 37.4 BDHS 2011 15-49 years (ever married women) Early Initiation of breastfeeding 45.8 MICS 2012-13 within first hour after birth (47) (FSNSP 2012)

Exclusive breastfeeding for 40 FSNSP 2012 children up to 6 months Minimum dietary diversity for 37 FSNSP 2012 children 6-23 months Caregivers with appropriate hand 16 FSNSP 2012 washing behavior Vitamin A supplementation 99 District NVAC administrative report coverage (6- 59 months) March 2014 Vitamin A supplementation 99 District NVAC administrative report coverage (12- 59 months) March 2014 Deworming coverage of children 98 District NVAC administrative report - 24-59 months March 2013

Diarrhea treatment with ORT and 22.2 BDHS 2011 zinc (children 0-59 months) Pregnant women who took IFA 26 FSNSP 2012 during pregnancy Adolescent girls (10-18 years) who 43 FSNSP 2012 are underweight by BMI Inadequate dietary diversity 37 FSNSP 2012 consumption among women

Pregnant women who are 18 FSNSP 2012 undernourished (by MUAC) Children 6-59 months screened for 2120 Community and facility level their nutritional status (March information 2014) Estimated caseload of Severe 12052 District population figures table Acute Malnutrition (SAM) among children U5 Children U5 screened as SAM (Jan- 34 Facility based and/or NGO report March 2014)

Children U5 with SAM who are 6 Facility based and/or NGO report) admitted and treated (in-patient)

Iodized salt consumption 59.7 MICS 2012-2013

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The overall prevalence of stunting (low height for age) and underweight (low weight for age) of children aged 6- 59 months in Bagerhat district are lesser than the national and divisional prevalence of stunting and underweight [MICS 2012-13]. But wasting (low weight for height) prevalence in children 6-59 months is higher than the national and divisional prevalence. All of these are within the serious category (in between critical and poor) of public health significance which is not within the acceptable category as per WHO classifications. Due to high prevalence of wasting (which refers to acute malnutrition) in Bagerhat district, food insecurity, disease condition (specially, diarrhoea and malaria) and maternal malnutrition need to be addressed.

The bottleneck analysis of different 12 Direct Nutrition Intervention (DNI)s showed that availability and accessibility coverage [except DNI 11(Nutrition Screening) and DNI 12 (Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM))] for all of the DNIs are good. The effective coverage of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding showed improvement over the past two years, whereas that of Appropriate Complementary Feeding was still as low as as 15%. The effective coverage for Iodized Salt Consumption, Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation during pregnancy and Zinc with ORS during diarrhoea were found to be as low as 31%, 28% and 10% and 18 respectively. Vitamin A supplementation and Deworming programme showed high coverage rate. However more focus should be given on Hand Washing, Appropriate maternal nutrition, Nutrition Screening and Management of SAM.

Bagerhat 120%

100% 99% 98%

80%

60% 52% 48% 40% 31% 28% 20% 15% 10% 0% 2% 1% 0% 0% Availability Accessibility Utilisation Adequate Target Effective

Challenges of nutrition sector:

1. Despite of being very essential/basic human need, Nutrition has not well understood by the community as well as service providers and relevant stakeholders. 2. Inadequate skilled HR, infrastructure, job aids, logistics for Nutrition mainstreaming. 3. Multi-sectoral coordination, planning and monitoring at district and sub-district levels. 4. Low level of community mobilization on Nutrition issues. 5. IFA is available in sufficient amount in community level but intake is very low due to lack of awareness on full course IFA intake and its benefits. 6. Establishment and functionalize of SAM unit at all level facilities. 7. Supervision and monitoring from local level. 19 | P a g e

8. Operationalization of integrated nutrition information management (availability, timeliness, quality) and expansion to other health structures (ex. UHC, FWC). 9. Coordination between DGHS and DGFP on nutrition at all levels.

2.6 Field Operation Section: Local Capacity Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE) Programme: Decentralization, capacity building and empowerment of local government bodies and institutions from ward level to national level is the prime objective of this project. Under this project routine mechanism for bottom up planning starting from the ward level and accumulated up to the national level is being standardized, institutionalised and exemplified by evidence through technical, human resource and monetary support Specifically, the programme seeks to enhance the capacity of Local Government Institutions (LGI), Civil Society Organizations (CSO), and Community-Based Organizations (CBO) and networks in inclusive bottom-up and participatory micro planning for social development and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). It will strengthen coordination mechanisms for inter-sector programme synergy, and strengthen local systems for results-based monitoring and reporting in the convergence district. LCBCE programme covered all union of Mongla and . End result of this project is all round development of communities across sectors at their own planning, resources and initiative. It has routine coordination platform from ward level to the national level bridging critical analysis of the ground reality. 2.6.1 Emergency Emergency Indicators (Hazard, likelihood and damage analysis) Area Key information Hazards Likelihood Extent of causality and damage Bager Population- 1512484(M- Cyclone High Huge hat 758387 Tsunami High Huge F-754097), Water logging Very low Very low Households- 354223, Flood Very low Very low Area-3959.11 sq.km, Salinity Low Low Upazilas-9, Union-76, Climate change High Very slow Village- 961 and Earthquake Low Low Municipalities- 3

3.6.2 Status of disaster preparedness and risk reduction  Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) is the largest programme being operated in three upazila (Sarankhola, Morrelgonj and Mongla) of this district. They have trained and experience volunteers even at the ward level. This programme became weak now due to lack of logistics and vacant position of Assistant director from long time  UNDP (CDMP), ACDI/VOCA, PCI, World vision, Muslim Aid, Caritas, some local NGOs and UNICEF is working in this sector but there is duplication of work in terms of union

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preparedness and response plan prepare, committee formation, training, selection of issues and messages. It also creates confusion among mass people and service providers.  The dyke along the cost was severely damaged during the devastating cyclone SIDR 2007 and Ayla 2008 those were not fully repaired.

Challenges in emergency sector  Most importantly the partially damages and unprotected dyke along the coast. This dyke was damaged during the devastating cyclone SIDR 2007 and Ayla 2008.  Disaster Management Committees has been formed from union to district level but these mechanism not fully functional and empowered.  Volunteer lists at various levels are not updated regularly. New volunteers are not getting training. Most cases they are short of logistics like hand mikes.  Different development partners often disseminating different messages often conflicting. This is also confusing for the mass people.  The universal truth of emergency –“A disaster strikes when the previous one is forgotten.”

3.0 Overall Challenges for development: Bagerhat is a most important districts in Bangladesh for development work. Its geographic and demographic diversities and location made it vulnerable as result people of this area are behind in almost all the areas of development. A good number of UN, international and national NGOs are working in various location of the district dealing with various issues but there are many challenges still ahead. Few of these challenges are-

 Lack of coordination: Despite the fact that many organizations are working, there is lack of cooperation and coordination among them. As a result duplication of work, unserved/ underserved sectors and overlooked geographic locations.  Silo attitude: In some cases some organizations do not want to share information which hinders overall development trend and increase duplication of work and effort.  Low awareness level: Overall awareness level of mass population is considerably low. Most of them thinks infrastructural development as avenues for development being ignorant and negligent about most of the human development indicators

4.0 Conclusion Bagerhat, the sanctuary of Hazrat , was formerly a part of khilafatabadpargana. It is situated at the fringe of the Bay of Bengal with the plentiful boundaries of Sundarban. The second sea port of Bangladesh is in Bagerhat so this district is very important for revenue income. Many organisations have concentrated their effort and resources in the district yet a long way to go. There are many programmatic, social, economic, demographic, political, administrative challenges, and unfortunately only some of them are being addressed. Coordinated effort, integrated plan, resource mobilization & leveraging and community participation as a whole are not only keys but also a must for desired all round development of the district.

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5.0 Other Important Information 5.1 Summary of UNICEF interventions in Bagerhat # Sector Coverage Implementing partner

Education PEDP-III All Upazilla Education in Emergency District Child Friendly School Mongla and Sarankhola Life Skills Based Education (LSBE) District Child Protection Birth Registration District Local Government Division (LGD) Child Sensitive Social Protection in District Department of Social Bangladesh (CSPB), UNDAF District Services (DSS) Enabling Environment for Child Rights District Ministry of Women (EECR),UNDAF District Children Affairs (MoWCA) Child Protection in Emergency Sub- District Ministry of Women Cluster,UNDAF District Children Affairs (MoWCA) Capacity Building for Police, UNDAF District Ministry of Home District Affairs Promoting community based social Sadar and Mongla Jagaroni Chakra protection Mechanism, Bagerhat Foundation WASH Action Research on Managed Aquifer 23 sites in 05 Upazillas, DPHE Recharge (MAR) working with 03 PNGOs (GMF, JJS and AOSED)

Health Joint GoB-UN Maternal and Neonatal All upazilla of Bagerhat Ministry of Health and Health Initiative (MNHI) district Family Welfair Community Support System(ComSS) in All upazilla of Bagerhat Ministry of Health and partnership with PHD (Partners in Health district Family Welfair and Development) Maternal and Peri-natal Death Review All upazilla of Bagerhat Ministry of Health and (MPDR) in partnership with Center for district Family Welfair Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB) Special Care New born Unit (SCANU) Bagerhat District Ministry of Health and Hospital Family Welfair Expanded Programme on Immunization All upazilla of Bagerhat Ministry of Health and (EPI) district Family Welfair Integrated Management of Childhood All upazilla of Bagerhat Ministry of Health and Illness (IMCI) district Family Welfair Nutrition National Vitamin A Plus campaign All upazilas, Bi-annual, MOHFW IMCI nutrition corner All upazilas MOHFW

C4D Communication through mobile film DMC-MOI shows

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# Sector Coverage Implementing partner

LCBCE Field Operation Section: Local Capacity All union of Mongla and District and upazila Building and Community Empowerment Sarankhola upazila administration and UP (LCBCE) programme through Convergence Coordination Committee Ensure Coordination and Convergence All union of Mongla and District and Upazila through Functionalization of CCCs Sarankhola upazila administration and UP representative Strengthen Capacity and provide All union of Mongla and All Convergence technical support to partners on bottom- Sarankhola upazila Coordination up planning Committees-CCC and NILG Emergency Preparedness through All union of Mongla and All CCCs and DMCs reactivation of DMCs, different day Sarankhola upazila observance, NGO mapping, develop union and upazila response plan

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5.2 Upazila wise name of unions: Bagerhat Sadar Chitolmari Upazila Morelganj Upazila Barai Para Barabaria Union Bahirdia Mansa Baharbunia

Bemarta Charbanaria Union Betaga Balibunia

Bishnupur Chitolmari Union Fakirhat Banagram

Dema Hizla Union Lagpur Baraikhali

Gotapara Kalatala Union Mulghar Chingrakhali

Jatrapur Santoshpur Union NaldhaMouvog Daibagnyahati

Karapara Piljanga Hoglabunia

Khanpur Burirdanga Shuvadia Hogla Pasha

Rakhalgachi Chandpai Bahirdia Mansa Juiludhara

SaitGambuz Chila Khuolia

Barai Para Mithakhali Baintala Morrelganj

Mollarhat Upazila Sonailtala Banshtali Nishanbaria

Atjuri Sundarban Bhojpatia Panchakaran

Chunkhola Kachua Upazila Gurambha Putkhali

Gangni Badhal Hurka Ramchandrapur

Gaola Dhopakhali Mallikerber Sharonkhola Upazila

Kodalia Gazalia Perkkhali Dhansagar

Kulia Gopalpur Rajnagar Khontakata

Udaypur Kachua Rampal Rayenda

Maghia Ujalkur Dakhinkhali (Southkhali)

Raripara Tentulia Union

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