Khulna District Children Equity Profile Unicef Khulna Zone Office: 2014 1.0 Overview of the district District: Khulna Khulna District is bounded by Jessore and District Map Narail districts on the north, the Bay of Bengal on the south, Bagerhat district on the east, Satkhira district on the west. Annual average temperature is 35.5°C and lowest 12.5°C; annual rainfall is 1710 mm. The main rivers are Rupsa-Pasur, Bhairab, Shibsha, Dharla, Bhadra, Ball, and Kobadak . The local economy of this district is dependent on agriculture and Fishing. Paddy, jute, sesame, betel nut, and vegetables are main crops of this district. The main occupation of the population is agriculture. More than 25% people involve inagriculture. About 11% people are wage labour Economics and Occupation profile of district population: The local economy of this district is dependent on agriculture and Fishing. The main occupation of the population is agriculture. More than 25% people live on agriculture while about 11% people are wage labour. In years with particular negative weather conditions – Cyclone, tidal surge, Flash flood, water logging, cold spells are created unemployment in addition to seasonal. In this context of vulnerability, seasonal food insecurity manifests itself in all three of its dimensions: availability; access and utilization. As this is disaster prone area most of Upazila, Union, and villages are situated in the very remote/isolated area. So the people from remote places cannot easily access the services from Upazila and District town. Administration: Khulna district was established on 1882. It consists of 9 Upazillas and 5 thanas, 71 union parishads, 2 municipalities and 1106 villages 1.1 Demographic Profile1 Indicator Number Total population Total: 1512484 Male: 758387 Female: 754097 Under 5 population Total: 132440 0- 5 months:13460 6-23 months: 34385 6- 59 months: 121977 Female adolescent 13-19 yrs.: 120999 Pregnant and lactating women Pregnant women: 27043 1Estimated for 2014 based on census 2011 Lactating women: 71891 1.2 Access to basic services 10% of country’s children live in Khulna Division of which 24% are either living in households under the 1$ day/person PPP-s threshold or experiencing severe deprivation of human need. 57% children are facing at least one severe deprivation of their basic needs. The coastal belt in Khulnadivision is prone to cyclones and flooding so it is a pocket of vulnerability, with approximately 3 million extremely poor people living there. These people suffer from a lack of fresh water (salinity problem), lack of income generating options (leading to urban migration), lack of access to basic services (health problems related to salinity), low levels of children attending school, lack of access to social protection. 1.3 Natural Disaster Khulna as coastal district is prone to cyclone, salinity, sea upsurge, flood and other natural and manmade disasters. In recent years this district was hit by natural disasters called Aila. On May 25, 2009 Tropical Cyclone AILA made landfall in Bangladesh with windspeeds of more than 100 km per hour. Associated tidal surge and flooding resultedin the deaths of 131 individuals and affected more than 3 million people in Khulna,Barisal and Chittagong divisions. The cyclone destroyed houses and agricultural crops. The inhabitants of thedevastated area lost their all kinds of livelihood & livestockand took shelter in the hovel on the existing WAPDA road.Their children were also facing boundless heart rending suffering. Thefuture of the children is uncertain as the schools were closed. In 2011, southwest region of Bangladesh faced severe flood. Khulna as a coastal district of Bangladesh was the worst flood affected district. 1482 villages of Khulna district were seriously affected. According to Government information the number of total affected families are 1, 81,759. 1, 69,137 children are affected by flood. Around 1,52,034 households have been reported taken temporary shelter in school buildings which have not flooded, on roadsides or in other institutions while many others are living under the open sky with no shelter at all. This number is increasing daily as the situation worsens. The access to food for the flood victims are extremely limited. The flood victims who have taken shelter at the flood shelters are facing serous food crisis. They are forced to reduce their daily intake. Protein is absolutely absent in their daily food intake. Around 1, 52,034 households have been reported taken temporary shelter in school buildings which have not flooded, on roadsides or in other institutions. Most of the people in flood-affected areas were living at homestead made of mud walls. Due to flood their homesteads have been completely damaged and destroyed. They have taken shelter on roads, high land and in school and college premises. Those who are living under open sky such as roads and high land have gone through in explicable sufferings due to incessant heavy downpour. They need immediate pollythene sheet support. 115408 houses are damaged. Health, hygiene, water and sanitation situation even in the flood shelters have nearly collapsed. The number of tube wells and latrines are not sufficient to meet the need of marooned people who have taken shelter on roads, high land and in school and college premises. On roads, high land and in school and college premises. Women are facing more difficulties because of lack of latrine facilities. Emergency latrine, tube well, WPT, ORS, bleaching powder are essential at the moment. 2.0 Situation Analysis 2.1 Education Educational Profile of district NAR Proportio at School School n out of prima Attend attenda Proportion out of NAR at secondary school School attendance ry ance nce rate school children (6- school (11-15 children rate at five (%) school rate at at 10 years) (%) years) (%) (11-15 (6-10 primar seconda years) years) y (%) ry (%) (%) (%) Total M F Total Total Total M F Total M F Total Total 28.8 28.6 29.0 62.7 81.8 18.2 18.8 17.6 61.9 57.6 66.7 82.6 17.4 Status of pre-primary education :( BBS Data): School age children (6+10) Total enrolment in school Enrolment in Drop out children PPE class Total Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total Total and % 290323 143937 146386 289847 143689 146158 33906 6630; 11.38 Major Challenges to equity in education: Teachers are less interested to work in the remote and isolated school, as a result quality education hampered due to teacher shortage. Being disaster prone vulnerable areas, Children are engaged in child labour and earning. Children complete a full cycle of basic primary education from grade 1 to grade 5 at the appropriate age One year PPE service (based on Interim package) for children of 5 years of age Khulna Equity Profile - Pre-Primary Education (PPE)* 82.2 82 82 81.8 81.6 81.4 81.2 81 81 80.8 80.6 80.4 Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective Khulna Equity Profile - Primary Education (PE)** 120 100 100 100 91 80 60 40 20 11 0 Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective 2.2 WASH The WASH programme (2013-2016) builds on the lessons learned from the previous phase of Sanitation, Hygiene Education and Water Supply Project in Bangladesh (SHEWA-B) and the Environmental Sanitation Hygiene and Water Supply in Rural Area Project (ESHRWA). Through these phases a social model was developed based on pro-poor community action planning to establish social change for safe and sustainable WASH. Empowered people thus make their communities open-defecation free, identify and select water technologies to improve their water supply and to practice improve hygiene behaviour. The model, with community, school and mass media components, rural and urban, triggers social change for WASH The specific objectives are: Improved standards of hygiene behaviour i. e hand washing with soap before eating food and after defecation on a sustainable basis particularly among the poor; Improved access to improved sanitation by all households and reduction/zero open defecation in programme intervention areas by 2016 End exposure of poor and affected communities to high level of arsenic contamination in drinking water; Increased access of poor and unserved communities to safe water throughout the year in saline and deep water table areas; Strengthened capacity of the local government institutions (LGIs) to provide sustainable water supply, sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion to rural and urban population and to take appropriate measures to ensure safety of drinking water Adequate/increased operation and maintenance services/ capability to meet the needs of a In Khulna (Water): changing sector. Availability = 99% HH with improved water source Khulna WASH Equity Profile Accessibility = 36% water sources are within Khulna Equity Profile - SANITATION 150m of home Utilization =32% water sources are usable 94 89 100 72 within 150 m of home UNICEF supported WASH programs in Khulna: Action Research on Managed Aquifer 26 sites in 04 Upazillas, working with 02 PNGOs (LOCOS Recharge (MAR) and Mukti Foundation) School Led Total sanitation (SLTS) 59 schools (GPS, High school and Madrasa) of 02 Unions of Terokhada upazila. (PNGO-Caritas) In Khulna (Sanitation): Khulna Equity Profile - WATER Availability = 94% HH with improved latrine 120 99 100 (JMP) 80 Accessibility = 89% latrines are within 20m of 60 36 32 home 40 20 20 Utilisation = 72% latrines are usable by all 0 members (>5 yrs old) Adequate = 19% latrines are year round accessible and clean Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective = 01% latrines has water and soap within 5m. Community Reverse Osmosis Plant (CROP) 02 plants at Koyra upazila. Action Research on Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), AWP with Dhaka University • Community mobilization by 07 selected PNGO. • Renovation of existing 20 MAR sites. • Construction of new 80 new MAR sites. • Abstraction management and data collection.