.70 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 children of veterans but for all children; aid eluding taxes withheld, $833.32 (August 2- and assistance to veterans in agricultural 0ctober 9, 1946). Travel expenses: $73 .10 SENATE development; matters dealing with our for­ (August 1-0ctober 9; 1946). (2) Travel: eign policy and foreign · relations; the devel­ carfare, $25.54; room, $11.25; meals, $4.66; S ATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1947 opment of sound civil aviation programs and telephone, $1Ul0; taxis, etc., $19.75. · (3) policies; the development of sound and pro­ Travel is to attend yearly meetings, confer­ (Legislative day ot Friday, January 3,' gressive programs for the employment and ences of Friends and interested groups and 1947) . reemployment of veterans in civilian pur­ committee meetings interpreting develop­ suits and in civil service; legislation which ments in national and international policy, The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, would eliminate all improper discrimina­ and for other committee business. (4) We on the expiration of the recess. tions and be of benefit to t he men and send a news letter to a limited list of sub­ women who are still in our armed serv,ices; scribers and Friends about once a month. The Secretary, Leslie L. Biffle, resumed and all other matters included in the man­ ( 5) In general, to support measures leading the chair. d ates and program of the American Legion to peace and humanitarian ends, such as The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown as adopt ed and approved by the national con­ world organization, foreign relief, aid for Harris, D. D., offered the following vent ion of the American Legion and/ or by refu gees; support also of rights of conscience; prayer: it s n ational execut ive committee, which are opposition to conscription. See appended the ruling and policy-making bodies qf the statement on policy issued by our committee. Our Father God, who art love and light American Legion. Wilson, Glen S., 1008 Willow Street, Austin, and life, Thou knowest all the way by Townsend, Dr. F. E., 6875 Broadway, Cleve­ Tex. (1) $50 per week,.plus 5 cents per mile which we· have col{lle, and the pathway land 5, Ohio. ( 1) Approximately $1 ,625. for traveling expenses, plus hotel expenses our feet are now treading, and the un­ (2) All money used in living expenses and while out of town. (This prevailed up to beaten track before us. Our times are no record kept. (3) [Blank.] (4) Town­ October 1, 1946.) Starting October 1 will be in Thy hands. We would not ask to see send National Weekly, Inc. (5) The Town­ working on 50-percent commission. (2) send plan. Glen S. Wilson. (3) Organization work. life's distant scenes. Townsend, George W., Franklin, Nebr. (1) (4) None. (5) Townsend plan. Thou hast taught us to love truth and $300 salary. (2) None paid out. No ex­ Webb, William H., 1720 M Street NW ., beauty and goodness. May Thy truth pense account. (3) None. No expense ac­ Washington 6, D. C. (1) Received for sal­ make us free-free from pride and preju­ count. (4) None. (5) Townsend national­ ary, $91L10, and expenses, $667.58. Ex­ dice and from the ugly sins of disposition recovery plan. pended $385.15. (2) Postmaster, Washing­ that doth so easily beset us. Lift us Townsend,5 R. C., 6875 Broadway, Cleveland ton, D. C.; Barry-Pate Motor Co., John A. 5, Ohio. (1) Approximately $1,300. (2) All above the mud and scum of mere things Reilly, treasurer; Hamilton National Bank; into the holiness of Thy beauty so that money used in living expenses and no record National Reclamation Association; registra­ kept. (3) [Blank.] (4) Townsend Nation­ tion committee, Propeller Club of the United even the common tasks ancl the trivial al Weekly, Inc. (5) The Townsend plan. States, Joseph W. Stewart, clerk; Treasurer of round may be edged with crimson and Waterfield, Maynard H., 2844 Connecticut the United ·states; Sara E. Barnett; various gold. Lead us this day in the paths of Avenue, Washington, D. C. 1 (1) Salary, individuals. (3) For miscellaneous office, righteousness for Thy name's sake. En­ $1,500; taxicab fares, $51.30. (2) Maynard personal and traveling expenses. (4) The rich us with those durable satisfactions H. Waterfield. (3) Salary, $1,500; incidental Waterways Journal. (5) All laws and regu­ expenses, $51.30. (4) Round Washington, of life so that the multiplying years may lations needed to promote the maintenance not find us bankrupt in those things weekly publicat ion; Washington Close-Up, and improvement of waterways, the develop­ monthly publication; Research Reports, oc­ ment and protection of water transportation, which matter most, the golden currency casional publication. (5) Mr. Waterfield is etc. of faith and hope and love. May the employed by Citizens National Committee, Wetterman, Charles W., 6875 Broadway, awesome responsibilities . of this high Inc., for legislative research purposes, not to Cleveland 5, Ohio:- (1) In the past 13 weeks hill but clothe these chosen representa­ influence legislation. 5 I have received $900 salary and $386.09 ex­ tives of the Nation in the garments of Waybur, Bruce, 1029 Vermont Avenue NW., penses, a total of $1,286.09. (2) Charles W. Washington 5, D. C. (1) Salary, $1,040; ex­ humility .as befits our partial knowledge Wetterman. (3) Salary as an employee and our imperfect judgments seeing as penses, $130. (2) Hotels, railroads, restau­ and travel expenses. (4) None. (5) Sup­ rants, cab drivers. (3) . Personal expenses in but through a· glass darkly, We ask it port Townsend bills H. R. 2229 and' H. R. Washington and travel. These expenses cov­ 2230. in the dear Redeemer's name. Amen. ered both legislative and nonlegislative work 5 ATTEND~NCE OF A SENATOR in washington. (4) UE News.' (5) Sup­ Wojtasik, Joseph, 6875 Broadway, Cleve­ port all legislation favorable to national land, Ohio. ( 1) Prior to October. 1, 1946, I WARREN G. MAGNUSON, a Senator from peace, security, democracy, prosperity, and received $25 per week plus traveling; meals, and hotel expenses. (2) Paid none. (3) No the State of Washington, appeared in his the general welfare. Oppose legislation det- seat today. rimental to these objectives. . purpose involved. (4) Did not spend any money for' above-mentioned. ( 5) In support SENATOR FRbM FLORIDA , Weathersby, Newton Patrick, room 303, of H. R .. 2229 and H. R. 2230, known as the Machinists Building, Washington 1, D. C. Townsend bill. The Secretary laid before the Senate (1) Receipts, $5,883.07; expenditures, $9,- 111 .08 ·in operation of . district No. 44, Woodson, George, Roosevelt Hotel, Lansing the credentials of SPESSARD LINDSEY HoL­ I. A. of M., for all purposes. No separate 15, Mich. (1) I received a salary until LAND, appointed by the Governor of the fund set aside ·for lobbying. Believe less September 30; total $525.85 after taxes. I State of Florida on September 25, 1946, than 25 percent of expenditures used to received an expense account, t0tal $656.77, a Senator from that State to fill the support or oppose legislation. (2) Taxi which was spent in the regular way-meals, vacancy in the term ended January 2, drivers, approximately $30; operators of eat­ hotel, telegrams, and travel expense. (2) I paid no money to individuals for anything. 1947, caused by the death of Hon.-Charles ing and r-efreshment places, $35 ( approxi­ 0. Andrews, which were ordered to be mately); National Publishing Co.; Post Of­ (3) Non~. (4) None. (5) H. R. 2229 (Town­ fice Department; Western Union; stationery send bill). filed and printed in the RECORD, as supply companies; rent; salary of officers and Worley, Harry F., 5353 Reno Road NW., follows: employees; traveling expenses, etc. (3) Lob­ Washington 15, _D. c. (1) I receive salary STATE OF FLORIDA. bying, organizing, keeping membership and reimbursement for travel, postage, office To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE posted, paying for clerical work, preparing supplies, and incidental expenses. (2) See UNITED STATES: briefs on legislation and grievance time No. 1. (3) See No. 1. (4) Customs Service This is to certify that on September 18, spent in appearing before wage and griev­ News, published by National Customs Service 1946, Hon. Charles 0. Andrews, the then in­ ance boards of departments. (4) None. (5) Association. (5) He supports any legislation cumbent United States Senator from the All legislation affecting working conditions which will benefit officers and employees of State of Florida, died, thereby creating a of Government employees, and occasionally the Federal Government and opposes any vacancy in said office which it became my organized labcir in general. legislation which is against their interests. duty to fill pursuant to the applicable provi­ Williamson, J'ohn C., Vet~rans of Foreign Wozencraft, Frank W., 410 Gulf States sions of the law; that there being a question Wars, 1026 Seventeenth Street NW., Wash­ Building, Dallas, Tex.; 300 Hibbs Building, as to the method to be followed in fllling ington, D. C. (1) $26.60. (2) Taxicabs. (3) 725 Fifteenth Street ~W. , Washington, D. c. such vacancy in accordance with my consti­ Transportation. (4) VFW National News, (1) Since August 10, 1946 (the effective tutional · duty as Governor of Florida, I re­ Foreign Service (VFW monthly periodical). date of Public Law 601, 79th Cong.) the quested of the ·supreme Court of Florida an (5) Legislation affecting (a) veterans and only amount received has been $450 as re­ advisor~ opinion which was delivered to me their dependents; (b) personnel of the imbursement for traveling expenses. (2) by the justices of the Supreme Court of armed forces and their dependents; (c) the · Air lines, hotels, etc., in connection with Florida on the 24th day of September A. D. national security. travel involved. (3) See (2) above. (4) 1946, in which it was found and determined Wilson, E. Raymond, 2111 Florida Avenue None. (5) H. R. 6225. that it was my duty to fill said vacancy by NW., Washington 8, D. C. (1) Salary, in- appointment for tl1e unexpired term of the said late Charles 0. Andrews, said term to • Filed with the Clerk only. 6 Filed with the Clerk only. extend from the date of appointment to the 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 71 3d day of January A. D. 1947; that pursuant SENATOR FROM WASHINGTON there will be all day today and tomorrow to said authority, I issued to SPESSARD LINDSEY HOLLAND on the 25th day of September A. D. The Secretary laid before the Senate and perhaps on and on. That question 1946 a commission as United States Senator the credentials of HARRY P. CAIN, ·ap­ is, Shall the Senator-elect from Missis­ to represent the State of Florida in the Sen­ pointed by the Governor of the State of sippi be permitted to take the oath of ate of the United States until the 3d day of Washington on December 26, 1946, a office and be seated as a Member of this January A. D. 1947; that some question has Senator from that State to fill the va­ body? It may be disguised or camou­ arisen or might arise as to the regularity of CP,ncy in the term ended January 2, flaged, but that is the real question, and said commi~sion and in order that the true 1947, caused by the resignation of Hon. it is the only issue. To that for a little intent thereof may be effectuated and any while I would direct my remarks. irregularities that may t:!xist may be cured and Hugh B. Mitchell, which, together with all questions regarding the validity of said an accompanying letter from the Gov­ I said that I thought there was in- appointment placed in repose, I, Millard F. ernor of the State of Washington, were ,volved in these proceedings something Caldwell, the Governor of the State of Flor­ placed on file and ordered to be printed far more important than the rights of ida, do hereby appoint SPESSARD LINDSEY HOL­ in the RECORD, as follows: any individual, a question which tran­ LAND a Senator from said State to represent scends the right of the Senator from said State in the Senate of the United States STATE OF WASHINGTON, E!xRCUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Mississippi to take the oath of office. until the 3d day of January A. D. 1947. There is involved a question of funda­ Witness: His Excellency, our Governor, Mil­ Olympia, December 26, 1946. lard F. Caldwell, and our seal hereto affixed SECRETARY OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE, mental justice and fairness, of right at Tallahassee, the capital, this the 5th day Washington, D. C. dealing and proper procedure in the of November A. D. 1946 and of the independ­ DEAR Sm: In pursuance of the Constitution Senate of the United States. After all, ence of the United States of America the of the United States and the laws of the the issue which is now ·presented is a one hundred and seventy-first year. State of Washington, I am enclosing here­ simple one. The credentials of the Sena­ M. F. CALDWELL, with certificate of appointment of HARRY P. CAIN as Senator from the State of Washing­ tor-elect from Mississippi have been Governor. / filed; they have not been questioned; By the Governor: ton to fill the vacancy created by the resig­ Attest; nation of Hugh B. Mitchell. they are in due and regular form. Under R.A. GRAY, Sincerely yours, any normal procedure and in_ordinary Secretary of State. MON C. WALLGREN, circumstances the Senator-elect from Governor· of ·washington. Mississippi would have walked down the STATE OF FLORIDA. STATE OF WASHINGTON, aisle yesterday morning, as he started To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE ExECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, to do, and would have had the oath of UNITED STATES: Olympia. office administered to him. But normal This is to certify that, pursuant to the To THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE procedure was not followed. When his powers vested in me by the Constitution of UNITED STATES: the United States and the laws of the State This is to certify that pursuant. to the name was called objection was made, of Florida, ·I, Millard F. Caldwell, the Gover­ power vested in me by the Constitution of that he be denied the right to take the nor of said State, do hereby appoint SPESSARD the United States and the laws of the State oath of office which is administered to LINDSEY HOLLAND a Senator from said State of Washington, I, Man C. Wallgren, the Go\'­ every other Member of this body. There to represent said State in the Senate of the ernor of said State, do hereby appoint HARRY was a simple objection, save for the United States until the 3d day of. January P. CAIN a Senator from said State to repre­ resolution offered by the Senator from A. D. 1947. sent said State in the Senate of the United Idaho [Mr. TAYLOR] which did contain Witness: His Excellency·, our Governor, Mil­ States, filling the vacancy therein caused by lard F. Caldwell, and our seal hereto affixed the resignation of Hugh B. Mitchell, until charges and specifications. So far as at Tallahassee, the capital, this the 25th day his successor shall be duly qualified to office. the record now stands there is no charge of September A. D. 1946 and of the independ­ In witness whereof I have hereunto set my against the Senator from Mississippi. ence of the United States of America the one hand and caused the seal of the State to be Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Secretary, will hundred and seventy-first year. affixed at Olympia this 26th' day of December the Senator yield? . M. F. 1946. CALDWELL, The SECRETARY~ Does the Senator from Governor. MoN C. WALLGREN, By the Governor: Governor of Washington. New Mexico yield to the Senator from Attest: By the Governor: Michigan? [SEAL] R. A. GRAY, fSE.>\L) ROY J. YEOMAN, Mr. HATCH. I yield. Secretary of State. Assistant Secretary of State, Mr. FERGUSON. I think that the SENATOR FROM NORTH CAROLINA record is clear that yesterday there was ADMINISTRATION OF OATH offered in evidence, that is there was sent The Secretary laid before the Senate Mr. HATCH obtained the floor. the credentials Of WILLIAM B. UMSTEAD, to the desk and it was asked that it Mr. TAFT. Mr. Secretary, will the be printed in the RECORD of yesterday's a.ppointed by the Governor of the State S:mator from New Mexico yield? proceedings of the Senate a copy of the of North Carolina on December 18, 1946, Mr. HATCH. I yield. report of the Special Committee To In­ a Senator from that State to represent Mr. TAFT. I inquire of the Chair vestigate the National Defense Program. the State until the vacancy therein, what is the business before the Senate? caused by the death of Hon. Joseph W. At the same time there was filed with The SECRETARY. The question i~ on the Secretary of the Senate and with the Bailey, is filled by election, as provided agreeing to the motion of the Senator Senate a copy of the testimony. So we by law, which were placed on file and from Maine [Mr. WHITE] that the oath had yesterday in the Senate and within ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as of office be administered to the Senator­ the conscience of each Senator, because follows: elect from Maine [Mr. BREWSTER] upon the material was placed upon his desk, STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, which question the yeas and nays have a copy of the report of the Special Com­ GOVERNOR'S OFFICE, been ordered. mittee To Investigate the National De­ Ral~igh. To THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE Mr. HATCH. Mr. Secretary, at the fense Program and a copy of the testi­ UNITED STATES: risk of being charged with engaging in a mony taken at the hearings of the spe­ This is to certify that pursuant to the filibuster, I desire to take a few moments cial committee. That testimony was power vested in me by the Constitution of of the time of the Senate this morning taken after notice to Senator BILBO. He the United States and the laws of the State to discuss some questions .presented by was present with his counsel. He had of North Carolina, I. R. Gregg Cherry, the the matter now being considered which an opportunity to ask, and did ask, ques­ Governor of said State, do hereby appoint WILLIAM B. UMSTEAD a Senator from said to me are far more important than the tions, and he had na...other witnesses to State to represent said State in the Senate rights of any individual in this Chamber present. The record of the report of the of the United States until the vacancy there­ or outside the Chamber. committee clearly indicates that fact. in, caused by the death of Josiah W. Bailey, It was just asked, What is the ques­ Soi-- is filled by election, as provided by law. tion before the Senate? The Chair stated Mr. HATCH. If the Senator from Witness: His Excellency, our Governor, R. that the question was on the motion of Michigan will pardon me, I did not yield Gregg Cherry, and our seal hereto affixed at the Senator from Maine that his col­ to him to make a speech. I am sure he Raleigh, this 18th day of December, in the year of our Lotd, 1946. league-elect be .permitted .to take the will go into the matter thoroughly in his R. GREGG CHERRY, oath of office. It is not my intention to own time, and, in fact, I had expected Governor. discuss that question. All of us know to discuss the very matter which he has By the Governor: that that is not the question before the just now raised. I have not O-verlooked (SEAL) THAD EURE, Senate. There was but one question the filing of the report of the Special Secretary of State. before us all day yesterday, as, perhaps, Committee To Investigate the National 72 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 Defense. Program. I shall give that re-. I cannot see ho.w any person can deny Mr. HATCH. I repeat the statement. port every bit of weight which it is en­ or dispute the fundamental principle of as to my high, regard for the Senator titled to receive. When I say the "weight American justice to which I have ad­ from Michigan, for his legal knowledge·, which it is entitled to receive," I mean verted. , In the position I took yesterday, for his training, and for his essential exactly that, for it has no standing in and in the position I take today, I sup­ fairness; but, if submitting questions this body as coming from a committee port, as the Senator from Louisiana said to be asked through a committee mem­ authorized to file charges or make com­ he did yesterday, not merely the Con­ ber is an exhaustion of the right of plaints against individual Senators. stitution, but fundamental principles of cross-examination, the Senator has an I repeat what I said, that there is now justice, which must not be denied to any entirely different concept of the right of no charge against the Senator from Mis­ human being anywhere; most of all, in cross-examination from mine, and from sissippi. True, there is· a report from the the Senate of the United States. any interpretation of it that has ever special committee, and so far · as I know I do not want ' to be technical. I do been applied in any court of justice in it may be absolutely correct in every de­ not ask that all the forms and niceties this land. The right to cross-examine tail; true, the newspapers have been full of indictments and informations be fol­ was not met by the steps which were of comment for weeks and montfi.s; true, lowed. I do not require that every "t" talcen and the gratuitous permission idle gossip as to the Senator from Missis­ be crossed and every "i" dotted; but I which was given to write out a question sippi has spread over the Nation; but demand that substantial charges be and submit it to a committee member, since when I ask, has the Senate of the m ade, and that the next step also be fol­ to let him in turn propound it to the United States proceeded to try one of its lowed-that after charges are made, the witness. Most of us are lawyers and Members or one who is eligible to mem­ accused· be given a hearing upon the most of us have.had experience in cross­ bership in this body upon gossip, upon specific charges. examining witnesses, and· we know how rumor, or upon unfounded, u~author­ I realize that a hearing was held and vital it is to have the right and the power ized, and unwarranted committee re­ ·that the Senator from Mississippi was to ask qu~stions, to follow them up, in ports? . accorded the right to appear and to testi­ order to develop points we are trying I said that fundamental issues are in­ fy; but in giving him that right he was to elucidate, or to impeach the witness volved. In all considerations of justice, denied another fundamental right of himself who is testifying: No, the Sen­ in all jurisprudence, no matter what the American justice, without which no man ator-elect from Mississippi has not been tribunal may be,. one of the most funda­ can have a fair hearing and a fair trial. accorded the right to cross-examine mental iEsues is that every person ac­ He was not permitted, either in person witnesses. · cused of crime, or of wrongdoing of any or by counsel, to cross-examine the wit­ Mr. Secretary, even if he has been kind, shall have the right to have the nesses who appeared and testified against accorded that right, full justice has not charges against him set forth formally, him . yet been done, for I return to the original • specifically, and certainly. No man any­ Mr. HICKENLOOPER rose. proposition that a charge should be filed where should ever be brought to the bar Mr. HATCH. For the benefit of the and a hearing should be had on the of justice without knowing with what he Senator from Iowa, let me s::1,y that I charge, or upon the Gharges, whatever is charged. So fundamental is that am now referring to the hearing by the they .may be~ alone. In the hearing of principle that it alone should deny the Special Committee To Investigate the such .charges the Senator should have position of those who seek to bar the National Defense Program. the right to examine the witnesess, to present testimony of his own, to cross­ I Senator-elect from Mississippi at the Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Mr. Secre­ door of this body without filing a charge examine, and to· be given some measure tary, will the Senator yield? of the _simple justice that is accorded to against him, and without taking evi­ Mr. HATCH. I yield. dence on such charge. , the lowest criminal in this land. Oh, I - Mr. FERGUSON. Will the Senator Mr. HICKENLOOPER. I call the am not asking for those further safe­ yield? Senator's attention to the fact that in guards and 'protections: the presump­ Mr. HATCH. I yield. the Special Campaign Investigating ti.on of innocence; that evidence must be Mr. F·ERGUSON. I think the record Committee, the Senator from Mississippi sufficient to convince beyond a reason­ will show that· prior to the hearing by was afforded the opportunity, through able doubt. I am not asking for the the Special Committee To Investigate himself or his counsel, to submit any application of any extreme, unusual the War Program Senator BILBO was and every question to be asked witnesses principles. I am asking only for fair­ furnished a . memorandum containing who appeared against him, and to my ness-for ordinary justice. the charges that were to be taken tip at certain knowledge, with the exception I am going to be fair with the Special that hearing and that is set forth in the of the last two or three witnesses, whose Committee To Investigate the National record. testimony I did not hear, every question D8fense Program, which has made its Mr. HATCH. Mr. Secretary, I have submitted by the Senator from Missis­ report. I think that report might be the highest regard and respect in the sippi through his counsel or on his own taken as the basis of a formal charge world for the integrity, the ability, and request was asked of each witness who against the Senator-elect from Missis­ the judicial training of the Senator from appeared against him. sippi. But, as yet, I have heard no one Michigan. I served with him on the Mr. FERGUSON. Will the Senator say, "This is the charge; we are trying committee, and I think we were in almost .Yield? him upon these particular matters, and complete accord on every matter that Mr. HATCH. I yield. are going to exclude others." ever came before us; but I am dum­ Mr. FERGUSON. I understand the Mr. TAFT . . Mr. Secretary, will the founded to hear a Member of this body Senator from New Mexico is-referring to Senator yield? say that a memorandum which has been the Speci.al Committee To Investigate the Mr. HATCH. I yield. filed with a committee is sufficient upon National Defense Program. Mr. TAFT. We are nqt proposing to -which to try a man as to his fitness to be Mr. HATCH. I referred to the hear­ try Senator BILBO in any sense. We a Member of this body. ing. merely ask that the disputed question A graver charge cannot be brought Mr. FERGUSON. I want to say that whether he be sworn in pending the ter­ against a man than that he is unfit, that prior to the hearing,· as shown b~ the mination of the so-called trial be post­ he is unworthy, to sit here with us. I record, it was agreed between the com­ poned until the Senate be organized and am saying nothing about his guilt or mittee and Senator BILBO and his coun­ that the swearing in of the other 35 innocence. For the moment I am not self Forrest Jackson, that they should Senators be not held up. -There is no concerned about that. I do not care how be permitted to ask question·s. They disposition at this time to try Senator guilty he may be; he may be base and submitted many questions, and in each BILBO or any of the facts connected with degraded to the lowest possible depth; case the identical question was asked of his particular case. but, notwithstanding that, fundamental the witnesses, so that he had an oppor­ Mr. HATCH. No; there is no dispo­ principles of justice demand and require tunity to cross-examine each and every sition to try him now, for in the minds that the charges against him be filed in witness produced at the open hearing. of the majority he has already been tried, _ regular order, and that he be afforded If the able Senator from New Mexico h'e has already been fourtd guilty, and an opportunity to be heard upon exact will examine the report and the com­ they would now impose the· sentence of and specific charges. I said it was a mittee hearing, he will find that to be excluding him from the floor of the simple issue.· It is simple, so simple that the fact. Senate. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE 73 Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Mr. Secre­ Mr. OVERTON. Mr. Secretary, will bar, raise his hand, and take his oath, tary, will the Senator yield? the Senator yield? and remain as a Senator until the Mr. HATCH. I. yield. Mr. HATCH. Yes; I yield. charges have been made, the evidence Mr. HICKENLOOPER. I should like Mr. OVERTON. With respect to the has been taken, the decision as to his to call the Senator's attention to the fact thought just suggested, what is the re­ guilt has been rendered by this body. that one committee, an arm of this body, straint? The restraint is merely that Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Sec­ by a committee report, has set forth an the individual give bond for his appear­ retary, I desire to associate myself with indictment which alleges that Senator ance. That is the restraint, and the the statement just made by the Senator BILBo's credentials are not subject to be American citizen is still a free American from New Mexfco. I completely concur accepted-! forget the exact language of citizen. He has the right to come into in it. He has stated my position on the the report of the Special Committee To the court of justtce; he has the right to vote of yesterday, and he has stated my Investigate the National Defense Pro­ go to the ballot box and vote. He has position on the votes which are to come gram-amounting, if you please, in the the right to deal and traffic in the mer­ in the future on this question. He has Senator's own language, to a formal in­ chandise of the country. He has a right stated my position more eloquently than dictment and charge against this man. to attend not only tribunals of justice I myself could have stated it; and I wish I submit to the Senator that in any but sessions of legislative bodies. He is to concur and associate myself in all he State in this land, when a grand jury a free American citizen and he is pre­ has said on the subject. indicts, it is not the trial, but, neverthe­ sumed to be innocent until he h as been The question before us is as simple as less, the accused is placed under the found guilty. That is the restraint. But it could be. The question is whether we pains and penalty of an appearance the restraint is not such a restraint as are to give the accused an opportunity to bond, and his liberties are restrained now proposed, and that is to condemn a stand here and contend against his ac­ until that indictment has been resolved, man without, as the Senator has very cusers on an equal basis. The question either by conviction or acquittal, or some correctly said, any charges having been is whether he is to be given his fair day other method. I submit to the Senator preferred against him, and by the action in court. That is all I ask that he be that there is exactly the same parallel of a committee that is as destitute of given. After that, unless there are some here. An indictment has been made by · authority as an egg is of hair. · explanations of some of the accusations, a formal body of the Senate. We are Mr. HATCH. I thank the able Sen­ I shall not hesitate to vote, if the evi­ ator from Louisiana. He has taken some dence justifies it, that he is not quali­ merely asking that pending the hearing of the words out of my mouth. Not upon that indictment certain restraints fied to sit in the Senate. accepted in any court of the land be im­ the last ones; I had not thought of that All the questions which have been posed upon this p1an who is formally comparison. raised were before the Senate when Sen­ charged by a solemnly and duly con­ But, Mr. Secretary. I am so deadly in ator BILBO was a Member of this. body. stituted arm of the Senate. earnest about the proper, the fair, the He could have been expelled during the right, and the just procedure that I say previous session if he were guilty of Mr. HATCH. I think we are making if a comparison is going to be made with progress. It is now made certain and those things. \Ve did not have to wait a criminal case, then I shall demand until the next election. The Senate clear that these are the charges; that that those making the comparison go on this is the indictment. Very well, : am knew about them. The Senate heard further and indulge this man with the Senator BILBO make the statements certain the Senator from Mississippi will same presumption of innocence that be glad to know now for the first time which he made, and they were not chal­ they would grant to one charged with lenged by the Senate. with what he is specifically charged, and murder -or any other heinous offense. upon what charges he is either now or Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Secretary, will But no, they will not do that. They say the Senator yield? hereafter going to· be tried. I take it to Mr. BILBO, "Stop. Stop now." It that he may also assume, since the Sen­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield. was even reported in the newspapers Mr. FERGUSON. Does the Senator ator from Iowa has dl"awn the parallel that "We can stop him at the door. We of the criminal case, that the evidence contend that the Senate had knowledge can stop him at the bar. We can stop of the facts obtained by the Special Com­ against him will be confined to the him any place if we have the votes.'• charges that are made in the committee mittee To Investigate the National D~­ report, and that he may prepare his de­ I trust that report is untrue. I trust fense Program, which facts are set forth that a~ no time will it ever be said in the report and the printed hearings fense in accordance with those charges, that in this body any party in power will and shall not have to defend against any­ now on the desks of Senators? stop someone from taking the oath mere­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I do not thing else. ly because it has the votes to stop him. It was further said that a man charged know how much knowledge the Senate That sentiment derives from power and has today of any facts concerning Sen­ by indictment is required to give .an ap­ power alone. It is a denial of justice. pearance bond. Yes; he is required to It is a condemnation of the innocent. ator BILBO. I do not know of any knowl­ give an appearance bond in order to It is in derogation of every fundamental edge that anyone has of those facts. secure his attendance at the trial, and But certainly the things which are sup~ right of America and her citizens. posed to have happened occurred while that is all. Sometimes in graver cases Mr. Secretary, I had not intended to his liberty is taken away from him be­ Senator BILBO was a Member of this take any time at all. I merely wanted body. cause the necessity of protecting society to make clear that in voting yesterday is such that it is required. That is the and in voting today I am not supporting I invite the attention of Senators to basis of criminal law. Do Senators an­ the Senator-elect from Mississippi; I the fact that Senator Bruio has been a ticipate there is any danger of the Sen­ am not dealing with his guilt or with his Member of this body for 12 years. Sen­ ator from Mississippi not being present innocence. • ators have been associated with him. to take his oath of office? At the proper time, when he has had They have known his position on all Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Will the Sena­ his hearing, when he has been accorded questions. If the Senate had wanted to tor yield at that point? the fair treatment he is entitled to have, expel him, it could have 'attempted to Mr. HATCH. I yield. when the proper committee has report­ expel him before. Mr. HICKENLOOPER. I made the ed to this body, then the Senate should Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Secretary, will statement respecting the indictment and act on his case. I say frankly, if the the Senator further yield? the appearance bond to illustrate the statements made in the report of the Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield. fact that restraint is automatically, un­ committee are true, and if they are sus­ Mr. FERGUSON. In fairness, the der a free system of justice, placed upon tained, I shall as unhesitatingly vote to R.EcORD should show that I do not be­ one who is formally charged by an arm exclude him from this Chamber as I now lieve that the Senate had knowledge of of justice with the commission of a crime, demand without hesitation that he be what is contained in the testimony and prior to the adjudication of the charge. accorded and given his fair. decent, rigbt the report of the Special Committee The question of restraint is the question and just deserts in this body. That To · Investigate the National Defense of holding in abeyance until the decision fundamental justice which I urge today Program, which testimony and report by a lawfully constituted adjudicating can only be meted out now by letting the are now officially a part of the records body can be reached. Senator from Mississippi go down to the of the Senate. 74 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I should I wish to cite .a few lines which Daniel -Senator from North Dakota [Mr. LANGER] like to ask the Senator a question. As Webster quoted in this body, because I when .charges were made against him. I have previously stated, I do not know think they are pertinent. They come Mr. McMAHON. We might run into how much knowledge the Senate now from a member of Parliament. Under such a situation as that which the Senate has; but does the Senator wish to give -these conditions it would be absurd to say encountered in the Newberry case. Sen­ Senator BILBO the opportunity of stand­ that the oath must be administered, to ator Newberry had voted perhaps 150 ing before his accusers, with the same be followed by a hearing-the evidence times, and on some of the questions on rights which the accusers have, or does already having been gathered-and then which he voted decided vital issues of he wish to place Senator BILBO in an in­ an expulsion. That would seem to be our times, b~cause some of his ;:•otes were ferior position so that he cannot reply a rather ridiculous performance. The cast with reference to the League of Na­ to the accusations which are made irrational character of such a proceed­ tions. After he had cast 150 votes Mr. against him by Members of the Senate? ing is pictured by an old member of Newberry was expelled from the Senate. Is the Senator afraid of Senator BILBo? Parliament whose. verse is more expres­ Ab initio he had no right to cast a vote. Does he wish to bar him at the door and sive than poetical. Mr. GEORGE. Mr. Secretary, will the place him in an inferior position? It The following was quoted by Mr. Senator yield? seems to me that no other conclusion Webster: Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield. can be reached. Senator BILBO would I hear a lion in the lobby roar! Mr. GEORGE. Newberry was not gain no rights by .taking the oath of Say, Mr. Speaker, shall we shut the door expelled from the Senate. office at this time. And keep him out, or shall we let him in Mr. McMAHON. I accept the correc­ Mr. FERGUSON and Mr. McMAHON And see if we can get him out again? tion of the Senator from Georgia. When addressed the Chair. · [Manifestations of applause in the he knew that a sufficient number of Sen­ The SECRETARY. Does the Senator galleries.] - ators had been elected to expel him, from Colorado yield; and if so, to whom? The SECRETARY. The occupants of the rather than fight the case for 2 years Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield galleries will maintain order. more and remain_ until the end of his first to the Senator from Michigan. He Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Sec­ term, knowing the fate that awaited him, was first on his feet. retary, I consider the statement of the he resigned immediately. Mr. FERGUSON. I understand. that Senator from Michigan only a fiimsy ex­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. It is un­ a question has been directed to the Sen­ cuse. reasonable to think that Senator BILBO, ator from Michigan, and I am very glad Mr. FERGUSON. I shall speak later by himself, can stall of! consideration of to answer it. ~ upon this subject. his fate. It rests with the majority of the . As J see the question before the Senate, Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I believe Senate to ·decide how they want to pro­ it is this: Senator BILBO would have the the Senator is afraid to face Senator ceed. I recall that consideration of Sen­ right to be sworn in if there were no evi­ BILBO on equal terms in the Senate on · ator LANGER's case by the Senate required dence before the committee to rebut that the question involved. The statement more than a year, which I thought was right, if there were no evidence bringing that some Senators may believe. this, arid an extremely long time in which to inves­ to the attention of the Senate the f-acts other Senators may believe something tigate his case; but the majo'rity of the now before the Senate, which disqualifY else, is only a flimsy, inconsequential ex- · Senate, as is clearly to be perceived by him from becoming a Senator. He cuse, and an attempt to evade the real the so-called test vote taken yesterday, should have a fair trial, but he should issue which is before us. As I previously cannot be depended upon to defend Sen­ not ask to come into the Senate and stated, Senator BILBO can gain nothing ator BILBO or anyone else unless he has change the rule. Many Senators will by t£king the oath of offi0e. an incontestable case. So it is foolish to contend that the minute he becomes a. Mr. OVERTON and Mr. McMAHON talk about letting this man take his seat Member of the Senate by taking the oath, . addressed the Chair. · for fear that we· will not be able to get a two-thirds vote wi.Il be required-to oust him out, and that the whole country is him from the Senate. I do' not agree The SECRETARY. Does the Senator from Colorado yield, and if so, to whom? going to rack and ruin because of his .with that view, but I know that it is held vote. That is perfectly silly in view of .by many Senators. The rights of Sen­ 'Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield first to the ·senator from Louisiana. the huge majority which the majority ators should not be interfered with. party has at this time. Senator BILBO should not be permitted Mr. :OVERTON. Mr. Secretary, I thin~ the argument just advanced by the Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. Secretary, will to change his status and become a Mem­ the Senator yield? ber of the Senate, when a two-thirds Senator from Michigan is one of the most vote would be required to expel him. illogical arguments I have heard present­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colora.do. . I yield. Some Senators will contend that sec­ ed in a case which is replete with illogical Mr. EA-STLAND. Does not the Consti­ tion 3 of article I of the Constitution re­ arguments. The Senator admits that if tution provide that every State is entitled quires only three things in the nature of BILBO were sworn he could not be ex­ to be represented by two Senators? qualifications, namely, that· a man be 30 cluded except by compulsion, requiring a Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. It does. years of age, that he shall have been for two-thirds vote. So, in order to circum­ Of course, the effect of this proceeding 9 years a citizen of the United States, and vent a provision of our Constitution, he is to deprive the State of that represen­ that he be a resident of the State which says, "Expel him before he gets into the tation. That is the substance of what it sends him to the Senate. It is said that Chamber." really does. But the point I wish to those are the only qualifications. I do Mr. McMAHON. Mr. Secretary, will make clear is that th~ whole controversy not agree with that view. There is an the Senator yield? revolves around one point, and that is absolute mandate that no man may be­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield. ~hether the accused is to have an equal come a Senator who does not have those Mr. McMAHON. The Senator from right with his accusers to stand up in qualifications; but when we turn to sec­ Colorado stated that Senator BILBo would this body, a body in which he has held tion 5 of article I of the Constitution, we gain nothing by taking his seat. Do I membership for 12 years; whether he is find that each House shall be the judge correctly understand the Senator? to have the same right as his accusers in of the elections, returns, and qualifica­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. That is answering the accusations against him. tions of its own Members. The Consti­ my contention. Senator BILBO is either That is the whole thing. Nothing else is tution uses the word "judge." The Sen­ qualified or he is not qualified; and taking involved. ate is the judge of the qualifications of the oath of office does not qualify him to Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. Secretary, I its Members. sit here if the Senate decides by a ma­ think everyone in the Senate knows of That is the question which faces us. jority vote that he is not qualified and the personal relationship between Sen­ We are the judges. We have the right cannot sit here. ·ator BILBO and myself. Regardless of to determine the qualifications of Mem­ Mr. McMAHON. But during the in­ what that relationship is, he is entitled bers of this body. The evidence now terim the Senator will admit that his to justice and the State of Mississippi is before Senators should lead them to the name would be called on roll calls and he entitled to have its constitutional rights conclusion that there is such a stain on would have the right to vote. .recognized by the United States Senate. his record and such a disqualification of Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Of course, Senator BILBO was fairly elected to the Senator BILBO to become a United States and that is thf very privilege which the United States Senate. He was elected in Senator that he should not be sworn in. Senator from Colorado extended to the an election in which there was no fraud 1947 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 75 and no coercion. Two committees of the stituted committee is a question to be Mr. WHITE. I take it that if Mr. Senate have investigated him. One of det ermined later? •BILBO is sworn in, he becomes a duly those committees had jurisdiction of the Mr. TAFT. No matter what action is qualified Senator in every respect. I wish subject matter and the power to make taken now the Senator will be given a to know whether in those circumstances . - definite recommendations to the Senate. complete trial on all charges, I suppose, he would be entitled to participate in the The report of that committee exonerated ~fore the Rules Committee. That is the trial-I call it a trial, for want of a better him of wrongdoing, in that it held that proper committee to determine it. word-and would be privileged not only the statements made in the campaign There is no disposition not to give him a to speak in his own behalf but to vote did not deprive citizens of their constitu­ .square deal. We have the narrow ques­ in his own behalf. Is that true? tional right to vote. The other commit­ tion, Shall a man charged with heinous Mr. EASTLAND. Frankly, I do not tee is the Special Committee To Investi­ crimes be sworn in pending a determina­ know about voting in his behalf, and I gate the National Defense Program. tion of the question whether he shall be a do not desire to debate that point. But It has been charged that he has per­ Senator of the United States? That certainly he would be entitled to speak sonally profited from dealings with con­ question has been decided in different in his own behalf. tractors. These charges, if true, are a re­ ways by the Senate. In 10 cases the Mr. WHITE. That question was pre­ flection not on,ly upon him, but a reflec­ Senate decided that certain Senators liminary to my real question. If he is tion upon the Btate of Mississippi and should not be seated; in 9 cases that they admitted and takes the oath of office, her people. He is entitled and the State should be seated. does he not then have every title which is entitled to have an investigation, and As I see it, the Senator is objecting be­ every other Member has to his seat and a trial, made by a properly constituted cause he thinks the Senate is going to to his position as a Senator of the United committee of the Senate, with full decide against his view of the matter. States; and would he not, on the conclu­ supervision of the subject matter and The Senator is insisting that the Senate sion of the hearings, regardless of with the power and the duty to make be not organized, that none of the other whether he participated in the hearings, definite recommendations to this body. S~nators be sworn in, until, through a be privileged to vote on his own case? The Special Committee To Investigate species of forced action we are compelled Mr. HATCH. Mr. Secretary-- the National Defense Program, with all to adopt the &nator's view as to Mr. EASTLAND. I y-ield to the Sen­ de{erence, had no such authority; and, ·whether a Senator shall be sworn in pend­ ator from New Mexico. in addition, that committe~ did not at­ ing the determination of the question ~ Mr. HATCH. I am just reminded that tempt in its report to make definite Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator is cer­ there is somewhere a prohibition against recommendations to this body. That is a tainly wrong. I am not arguing as to having any Senator participate in any right to which every man who presents the c1·edentials of any Senator. AU I proceeding in which he has an interest. himself to the bar of the Senate is en­ say is that Mr. BILBO's credentials are in Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. Secretary, there titled. It is a right to which the ·state proper order and he is entitled to be ·is no constitutional provision to that ef­ of Mississippi is entitled. Credentials in seated, and then t~at he be investigated Ject, as I recall. · proper order-and Senator BILBo's cre­ by a proper committee with the power Mr. HATCH. There is a rule or some­ dentials are iii proper order~prima and duty to make definite recommenda­ thing of the sort. facie give him a right to a seat in this tions to this body. Mr. BARKLEY. There is in the rec­ body. Mr. TAFT. The 'Senator's position is ords of the Senate a -case in which a The Constitution provides that the that the status quo of the Senate be Senator was permitted to be sworn in State of Mississippi is entitled to two maintained Until the whole question can notwithstanding the fact that a question Senators on the floor of the Senate to be tried. The Senator insists as a. con­ was raised as to whether he was entitled represent the State at ·all times. . This dition of the organization of the Senate, to be seated; and he becai:ne a Member proceeding wiJl deprive Mississippi of the condition of giving 35 States the com­ of the Senate. When the question was that right, and will deprive one who has ·plete representation to which they are finally V'oted ,upon, he voted in his own 'been elected of the right of trial by a entitled, that we change that status quo behalf, and his vote decided the question proper committee with authority to make and accept one view on a very disputed in his. behalf in the Senate. and he was recommendations to the Senate. question, and .seat Senator BILBO and .seated. Subsequently a motion was Mr. TAFT. Mr. Secretary, will the have him sworn in as a Senator: The made to reconsider the vote by which he Senator yield a moment? Senate ought to have the right to decide had been. retained. The fact that he Mr. EASTLAND. I yield. that question. The effect of the proce­ voted for himself on the previous vote Mr. TAFT. Does not the Senator dure preventing the swearing in of the evidently influenced some Senators when think that on the pending motion the . other Senators is to deny the Senate the they voted again; and although he voted Senator from Maine is entitled to a seat right to ha.ve a majority determine what for him.self a second time, nevertheless without waiting? The issue before the it is going to do on a question which cer­ he was denied a seat in the Senate, Senate is whether or not we shall swear ·tainly js controversial and on which peo- largely, I think, because he had exer­ in a Senator whose seat is uncontested. ple can take either side. . cised the right to vote for himself on the Mr. EASTLAND. I disagree with the Mr. . EASTLAND. The Senator well first occasion. Senator. The real issue before the Sen­ knows that during that time the State Mr. TAFT. Mr. Secretary. will the ate is whether or not Senator BILBO . of Mississippi would be deprived of its Senator yield? should be seated. The Senator well constitutional right of being represented knows that and the Senate well. knows it. by two Senators. Mr. EASTLAND. I yield. Mr. TAFT. Will the Senator yield Mr. TAFT. Mr. Secretary, will the Mr. TAFT. So far as I am concerned, I certainly shall join in a motion, sup­ further?· Senator yield? Mr. EASTLAND. Yes. Mr. EASTLAND. I yield. ported by a1l the precedents, to permit Mr. TAFT. Tbe question is whether Mr. TAFT. The State of Mississippi Mr. BILBO to speak in his own behalf to or not Senator BILBO. shall hold a seat in . has no right to be represented by two any reasonable extent. Of course, if he the Senate while the issue is being de­ Senators if one of them has not the quali­ becomes a Member of the Senate he may termined. There is no disposition not to fications of a Senator. speak in his own behalf here all day, and give the Senator a perfectly square deal. Mr. EASTLAND. . But he was elected every day; and I do not think we are re­ Whether he stays in the Senate or not without fraud, and his credentials are quired to give him that privilege to that has nothing to do with the square deal in order. I am not saying that there extent. he receives. · should not be a trial. I think there Mr. EASTLAND. I do not think his Mr. EASTLAND. A trial by whom? should be a trial by a proper body; but physical condition would permit that. Mr. TAFT. By a duly constituted I do not think he should be excluded Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Secretary, will committee of the Senate for that purpose. except on the report of a committee that the Senator yield? That is a question to be determined would have the powe.r to make definite Mr. EASTLAND. I yield. later. The only question now is whether recommendations. Mr. FERGUSON. I think we should the Senator shall be sworn in. . Mr. WHITE. Mr. Secretary, will the try to ·make the issue clear, as it stands Mr. EASTLAND. Just a moment. The Senator yield for a question? today. The debate is taking place upon Senator from Ohio says whether or not Mr. EASTLAND. I yield to the Sen­ a motion to administer the oath to Sena­ he shall be given a tiial by a duly con- ator from Maine. tor-elect OWEN BREWSTER, of Maine. 76 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 Therefore, by this debate we are not per­ this floor a matter which is not even be­ that Republicans attempt to bar S:mator mitted to organize the Senate and to fore the Senate at this time is preventing BILBO, Democrat, of Mississippi, at the door swear in 35 Senators, because some of that magnificent State from any repre­ when the Senate convenes Friday. the Senators-and I think the RECORD of sentation at all in the Senate. "The country- yesterday showed conclt~sively that it Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. Secretary, there This is Senator BREWSTER talking..­ was merely some of them-insist that we is no filibuster in progress, but the pres­ "Tl).e country expects us to act now on shall swear in the Senators in alpha­ ent condition is something that is not BILBO,'' Senator BREWSTER declared. "We betical order, because the next name of our making. ought to try to stop him at the door. If after that of Senator BALDWIN would be Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Secretary, will the the Democrats want to filibuster and 'prevent that of Senator BILBO, and that unless we Senator yield to me? the organization of the Senate, that is their surrender to that demand and swear in Mr. EASTLAND. Yes; I yield. responsi bill ty." Senator BILBO next, the Senate cannot Mr. TAYLOR. The Senator from Mis­ Speaking for myself, I accept that organize itself. To my mind, that is the sissippi has been saying that Senator challenge. question presented to the Senate today. BILBO should be entitled to a fair trial I shall now read from an editorial Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. Secretary, I by a duly constituted committee. That from the Washington Post, in its issue of yielded for a question, not for a speech. is e~actly what the resolution I pre­ January 3, entitled "Report on BILBO." The fact is that Senator BILBO's name sented calls for, namely, that the matter I shall not read .all the editorial, but is not now before us, because the motion be referred to a committee. only that part which I think is pertinent was tabled, and not because of any act of Mr. EASTLAND. That resolution has to the issue I am now discussing. his supporters. been tabled; and it was tabled, in part, The paragraph preceding the one I As the Senator from New Mexico so by the vote of the Senator from Ida l1o. \7ill read refers to certain actions which well stated, every man is presumed inno­ He himself voted against his own reso­ may be taken by the Department of cent until proved guilty by a court of lution. Justice. I quote: competent jurisdiction. I do not think Mr. TAYLOR. It will be brought up But before the Department takes action anyone would state that this .committee again on Monday. he must be ejected from a privilege which had proper jurisdiction. · As I ·have Mr. EASTLAND. I suppose the Sena­ is not his due-membership in the Senate stated, the committee did not even make tor from Idaho will vote against it again of the Unit-ed States. We believe that definite recommendations to the Senate. on·Monday. Se:J;lator BILBO is disqualified for membership Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Secretary, will . Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. Secretary, a few in the Senate on the gro"!lnd t~at he was the Senator yield? minutes after the Senate .convened yes­ not validly elected to it as well as on the ground of moral turpitude. Perhaps it does Mr. EASTLAND. In just a moment I terday I entertained the hope that the not much matter on which ground ·he is shall be through. majority in the Senate would at least ·challenged and ejected. · But we cannot help Senator BILBO is entitled to that right. afford a Senator-elect the opportunity feeling that Senator TAFT's statemeht on the His credentials are in order. He is en­ to take his oath of office without attempt­ subject was ill-considered and unfortunate­ _titled to be seated, and then the proper ing to bar him at the door. · As has been if he meant it to apply to final determina­ committee should investigate the case, stated during the debate this morning, tion of the Bilbo case. should give him his .rights, and the. Sen-· there are on file in the Senate today the I now quote the language of the .Sen­ ate should take action. credentials of a Senator-elect from the ator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT] which· is re;_ · Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Secretary, will great State of Mississippi. I have been ferred to in the editorial:· the Senator yield for a question? a Member of this body for the past 10 Mr. EASTLAND. I yield the floor. years, during that time when, in a law­ You can stop him at the door any way Mr. FERGUSON. I simply wished to ful and regular manner, charges have you want to if you have the majority vote- ask a question, namely, whether the Sen­ been preferred against a Senator-elect Senator TAFT was quoted as declaring ator from Mississippi contends, · in con­ the method employed has been to per­ Wednesday. nection with -the last part of his remarks, mit him .to be sworn in without preju_­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. Secretary, will the that the Senate cannot act upon facts dice, so that he would be given an oppor­ Senator yield? that have not been proved in a case in tunity to defend himself. Mr. ELLENDER. I quote further: court or upon which a man has not been The course no~ being followed is · not You can do it on any grounds you ·want convicted in a court. The Senator from one against BILBO; it is a slap at the to, or even without giving any grounds. Mississippi does not mean to infer that; sovereign State of Mississippi. Today All you need are the votes. does he? that great State is entitled to be repre­ There is no man in .the Senate I ad­ Mr. EASTLAND. What the Senator sented in the Senate by two Senators,·· from Mississippi meant was that every mire more than I do the Senator from but on yesterday, when I noticed the ges­ Ohio. I do not know that he made that man who presents himself to the bar of tapo methods which were sought to be the Senate, before he is prevented from statement; I do not know what thought ' employed by the majority party in seat­ he had in the back of 'his head, when he taking his seat, should have the right ing new Senators, by starting at the bot­ of trial by a committee with jurisdiction made it, if he did make it, but if he tom, the last letter of the alphabet, in­ desires now to explain it, he may have over the subject matter and with the stead of the first, I realized that they power to make definite recommendations the opportunity. . would not accede to the request which I I read further from the editorial: in the Senate. hoped would be complied with, namely, Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Secretary, there that Senator BILBO be sworn in without This seems to us a pernicious doctrine appears to be precedent in the Senate, susceptible of perilous abuse by intemperate prejudice. majorities. Men who have a prima facie in the Smith case, from Illinois. Oh, it is said Senators on the other side claim, as has Senator BILBO, to a ileat in the Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. Secretary, I want to give Senator BILBO a fair trial. Senate ought not to be denied it on anything yielded for a question. The fair trial some of them want to give less than compelling evidence of election Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Mr. Secretary, him is to slit his throat from ear to ear. frauds or of gross moral unfitness. In the will the Senator yield for a question? How can he expect a fair trial? case of Senator BILBO, exclusion or expul­ 1\!Ir. EASTLAND. I yield. I quote from a newspaper article which sion should be solidly based on the evi­ Mr. HICKENLOOPER. IJ;J. answer to dence which so clearly and abundantly war­ appeared in the Evening Star under date rants such action. the Senator's statement that the States of December 30 which gives some of the are entitled to complete representation reasons why. This is a quotation from Mr. Secretary, of what are the Re­ in the Senate I should like to ask him my distinguished friend the Senator­ publicans afraid? What are they insist­ whether it has occurred to him that one elect from Maine [Mr. BREWSTER]. The ing on at this time? Are they hesitating of the grandest States in the Union, headline is: because of the fact that permitting BILBO possessing some of the richest hista.ric to be sworn in will entitle him to one vote traditions and having made to America BREWSTER backs move to bar BILBO at door when Senate meets. when they themselves would have 15 contributions of inestimable value is or 16 new Members in the Senate? As completely without representation in the The article proceeds: was said by the Senator from New Mexico Senate of the United States today. I Senator BREWSTER, Republican, of Maine, [Mr. HATCH], Senator BILBO should by refer to the great State of Virginia. The announced today he is joining Senator FER­ an means be permitted to take the oath, tactics of discussing here at length on GUSON, Republican, of Michigan, in a demand and then if charges are made legally, 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 77 refer them to the proper committee, and levies no poll taxes. I felt that the proper· other victim or victims of the same let the committee give the accused the way to eliminate the poll tax was through standing, men who might think as Sen­ opportunity to defend himself. ·Under the State-legislatures.· That was my po­ ator BILBO does. Who might such vic­ present conditions, and in view ·of the sition, that was Senator BILBO's posi­ tims be? . One might be my distinguished manner and method in which the press tion, and that was the position of most . friend the Senator from Georgia [Mr. . of the Nation has dealt with this case, of the Senators who fought that bill. GEORGE]. One might be my distin­ many people throughout the country In opposing that bill Senator BILBO of guished colleague from Louisiaha [Mr ~ have been misguided, not by virtue of course incurred the enmity of certain OVERTON]. One might be myself, be-. evidence properly adduced, but 'by re­ subversive groups throughout the coun­ cause I entertain the same views. I ports, many of which were tainted re- try, many of which are preying on a wish to say to the Members of the Senate ports. - large segment· of our southern popula-. that I am firm in my convictions, and, To recur to the question of a ·"fair tion, the Negroes. We have in the South so far as I am concerned, I propose to trial," I read yesterday an article ema­ 76 percent of all the colored people of sneak on the issues involved as I think nating from Walter Winchell, in which the· United States, and yet the North has about them, and as I hava spoken in the he said it was rumored that the distin­ been trying to tell us what to do about past. If I have to be a martyr to the guished Senator from Michigan was them. Senator BILBO, by his attitude cause, I shall be, and I shall be happy in ''after BILBo's scalp," and that he would toward that bill, has of course aroused the realization that I have done my duty impeach him. - The acts complained of the animosity of- many people, of many to my God and to my country. took place in 1945, while Senator BILBO groups, and those groups are today be­ I have tried to point out the attitude was a Member of the Senate. I ask, Why hind the effort that is being put forth of Senato1' BILBO respecting the bill pro­ was it, if the special committee, or any to deny him his seat in the Senate. viding for the establishment of a Fair members of it, were in possession of such S~ator BILBO spearheaded the move Employment Practice C:Jmmittee. As evidence, they did not then and there to kill another bill, the so-called FEPC all Senators know, that bill had as its perform their duty_by bringing charges bill. I was with h1m in that move, which object the creation of a committee which against BILBO and placing him on trial? brought about a lively fight on the Sen­ could, without giving an employer the No; they did. not do that. They waited ate floor. I am sure that Senator BILBo's right to go into court,- force the employ- until the election. attitude respecting that bill, the valiant . ment of a certain number of colored Let us be perfectly frank. "Bilboism~· ftght he put up in his endeavor to kill people, a certain number of Jews, a cer.:. was preached all over the New England the bill, has made many groups through­ tain number of Christians, a certain States and ·a I over the Northern States out the country very·angry, including, I number of Chinese, &nd so on. S::mator during the last campaign. I heard many am sure, some of his colleagues in the BILBO opposed that measure. speeches over the radio condemning Senate. I am satisfied that those groups Senator BILBO also opposed the bill "Bilbofsm.!' · What is "Bilboism"? are today behind the movement to de~y providing for· the establishment of a Senator BILBO has been one of the few Senator BILBo his seat in the Senate. I minimum wage, as that measure was Senators on this ft.oo.r to speak his mind. have no doubt about that. I am sure first introduced. The minimum-wage He is a man who has the courage of his that many Senators have been visited in bill, as it was-first introduced, contained convictions. He has led the fight, on the past and have been visited recently a clause which would create a bureau many occasions; against the antilynch­ by many leaders of ·those groups, who having full power to go into an employ­ ing bill. I helped him, as did many other have demanded that Senator BILBO be er's business, classify every job ·in that southerners. If he is to be condemned thrown out of the Senate, and who have business, and then fix wages beginning for that, so am I; for I helped him, as threatened what they will do if he is not at the point where Congress had left off. did the ·others. thrown out. If the two bills, against which· Senator When he opposed the antilynching bill, A committee was organized in the city BILBO and I and other Senators so vio­ he of course trampled on the toes of of New York with which I am sure all lently fought, had been passed, we would .many colored people· throughout · the Senators are familiar, the Civil Rights have had one committee telling the em'­ North. Today there are in the North Congress, which issued a great deal of ployers of this Nation whom to employ, a few small, miserable· groups, here and literature dealing with Senator BILBO. and an administrator telling them how there, who pretend to be trying to help That committee was called the Oust much they should pay. Of course, we the Negroes of the South, when as a BILBO Committee. In other words, be­ opposed those tw·o measures, because, as matter of fact, what they are trying to fore the ma;n was given a trial, before I said on the Senate ft.oor, if those bill-s do is to help themselves. he was given an opportunity to appear had been passed we might as well hang It is a known fact that in the North before the Senate and defend himself, it crepe on _the doors of enterprise. We there ate eight pivotal States that have was the desire of the members of that opposed those measures. Of course, the so many colored people in them that, committee that he be thrown out of the groups which favored the two bills, and as the colored vote goes, so goes an elec­ Senate. I am told there are some good the other bills to which I have referred, tion. I contended on the ft.oor of the men on that committee. How they per­ are now after BILBo's scalp. They have Senate, during the filibuster against t~e mit themselves to be misled by termites joined with other groups in their efforts antilynching, poll tax, and other meas­ who are eating from the inside, who are to bar BILBO from the Senate. That is ures, that that situation was the real misleading the members of the commit­ what is back of this fight, and nothing issue behind those bills. tee, I ·simply cannot understand. \ else. ' Evidence was adduced here to show I have no doubt that that group, as that no other crime in the annals 'of Does anyone wonder why ·so much at­ well as many other groups scattered tention has been paid in the last 4 or 5 criminology had been wiped out so throughout this broad land of ours, are quickly as the crime of lynching. From years to whatever Senator BILBO did? behind this movement to stop BILBO, and Regardless of what he said in the Senate a high of over 300 we had in the last 3 why? I say to the Members of the Sen­ or 4 years a low of 1 or 2 lynchings with­ it was quoted. When it was disclosed in the country; and yet, in the face of ate, that these groups are behind this that in a letter to a lady in New York the decrease, there are these little groups movement, not because of the man him­ he had addressed as "Dear Dago," reams here and there preying on other groups, self, not because of what he has done of paper were utilized throughout the to foster legislation of this kind, in order and with what he has been charged by country to advertise that fact, to talk to carry out the views of the -smaller the Special Committee To Investigate the about and discuss it. Why? The rea­ son why that was done was that for the groups. I have no ~oubt in my mind National Defense Program, but because that it is because of Senator BILBo's fight af the views Senator BILBo holds. These past 4 or 5 years there has been a con­ and because of his attitude on that issue minority groups have been after his scalp sistent effort made by many groups to that the press of the Nation and various because they are of the impression that build a case against Senator BILBO. The misled groups throughout the Nation he has been in their way in the Senate. same groups participated to some extent have been ''after his scalp," as it were. r wish to say to the Me_mbers of the Sen­ in the Mississippi election. They are When the poll-tax bill was discussed ate that when the pressure vultures now knocking on the doors of the Senate before the Senate, Senator BILBO always have picked clean the bones of Senator insisting that Senator BILBO, although spearheaded the movement to defeat the BILBO their insatiable appetite for blood he has been duly elected, be denied his bill. I was with him, although my State will not be satisfied until they find an- seat. ,78 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 Mr. Secretary, why should the election cringe and cower like a belabored hound except for the outside influence that was of Senator BILBO have become so impor­ beneath his master's leash when con­ brought to bear, BILBO might have had-a tant all over the world? I returned fronted by groups asking that this or hard time being reelected. BILBO has from a world trip in August. I was that be done, "else we will send you to been Governor of his State for three abroad during the election in Mississippi. political oblivion.'.' terms; he has been Lieutenant Governor In newspapers in the Philippines, China, With such pressure groups permeating for one term; he has been .in the Senate Egypt, Greece, and other countries I saw the Capitol at Washington ever since I for 12 years. A man with such a long life countless. articles, and a large number have been here, I can really and truly in politics-! do.riot care where he comes ·of pictures of Senator BILBO addressing say that I am fearful that .representative from-is bound to have many political crowds in Mississippi. Why should that government is at stake. The people of enemies within his State. be? Why should so much interest be this Nation "eXpect their representatives Long before the election last July I was created in this man's election? Why to use their God-given common sense told by some very prominent citizens of should Life magazine, Time, and other and judgment in deciding the issues the . State of Mississippi that they publications have sent many editors and which come before them. They do not thought they had BILBO this time. But photographers to the State of Mississippi expect us to be intimidated by any group lo and behold, when outside influence at great cost in order to follow the cam­ into doing the bidding of selfish pressure began to come into Mississippi, when paign of Senator BILBo? 1 should like groups who look to themselves, who look Walter Winchell and the great Drew to know the answer. There has been a through the big end of the telescope to Pearson began to write about BILBO; concerted endeavor on the part of cer­ find out where they come in, without in when Time magazine sent its representa­ tain groups to start with BILBO, because any manner evaluating the effect of their tives there; when they advocated the they felt that he was the most vulner­ proposals upon other groups. defeat of BILBO; when they began to talk able. As I stated a while ago, if they I am very hopeful that new Senators, about giving the colored people the vote, should succeed in throwing him out, as well as many older Senators, will give and all that, the people of Mississippi other Members of the Senate who share heed to what I have said because they simply became angry and sent BILBO back his views had better look out. will be plagued. For the good of our to us. That is what happened. If it had Those groups are not fooling anyone. country, for the good of our citadel of not been for the outside influence and The same groups which for the ·past 4 democracy, I hope that all of us wm the resentment that the people of Missis­ years, have been fighting Senator BILBO · follow our own inclinations, our own sippi felt because of s~ch outside influ­ and what he stands for are behind- this views, and use our good, common horse ence, BILBO might have had a great deal movement. But instead of having the sense in deciding what should or should of trouble·, because, as I have said, a man courage to come to the Senate and say, ' not be done. · . so long in politics is bound to have many "Throw him out because of his views· on I am somewhat disappointed. I have political enemies. the poll-tax bill," they have camouflaged said it before, but it may not have hit I dislike to say it-1 may be all wrong, the issue. They have wrapped, it in a the mark at the time. There has been and I hope I am-but the same groups neat package and have labeled it, "Throw in this country in the past 10 years or will be knocking at the doors of the him out because he has accepted a Cadil- more a fight between the two great po­ Eightieth Congress from the time the . lac and a few' pieces of furniture." In­ litical parties to capture the colored vote, Senate is organized until 2 years from stead of having the courage to come to capture votes of minorities. These now. Watch them. They will be back. before the Senate and say, "Throw Sen­ groups are insatiable. We can satisfy I am warning Senators. They :P.ad bet­ ator BILBO out because of his views on them ·tor a time, as the Democrats did ter do their bidding, else they may suf­ FEPC," what are they doing? They are for 14 years, but whenever we cease giv­ fer at their hands. saying, ''Throw him out because he has ing, or whenever things no longer hap­ The great Republican Party is now in illegally . ·collected funds to build a pen as they expect, see what occurs at power, and .I was hopeful that it would church and parsonage." Instead of the polls. make a good start. For many years it .coming before the Senate and .saying, In the recent campaign of Senator has been criticizing what the Democrats "Throw· him out because of his views on BILBO, as I tried to point out a while ago, have done. The Republican Party the antilynching bill," they are saying, brand-new tactics were employed, tactics should go after big game, and quit shoot­ "Throw him out because he accepted the which I believe were not resorted to in ing sparrows. Republican Senators have offer of a contractor to paint his house." any other State. said on many occasions that this, that, or Instead of saying to the Senate, "Throw As a rule, press representatives, pho­ the other ought to be done. Let them him out because of his views on the mini­ tographers, and radiomen are about the go to it, and God bless them. mum-wage bill and other legislation only ones following a candidate around I cannot help but express 'disappoint­ against which he has fought," they are in a State, giving the other parts of the ment in many of my colleagues across saying, "Throw him out because he en­ country the news of what is happening the aisle who are insisting on the course gaged a contractor to build a lake and in the election which is going on in that which they are now pursuing. I hope a swimming pool on his farm." State. that before this debate is over they will That is what is happening. These As I indicated a while ago, during the change their minds. charges have been before the people of last campaign in Mississippi, Life maga­ This morning ·1 received a· letter in the Mississippi for many years. They were zine was represented by a score of pho­ mail which I think is quite appropriate, discussed during the last campaign. tographers and many writers. Sonie of and I should like to read it. Strange as They were known for 3 or 4 years. In the largest newspapers in the country it seems, this letter discusses some of the fact, the record shows that many of them were represented. Stories were pub­ points which I have been attempting to were known not long after the events lished about Senator BILBO, and I am make. I am not acquainted with the are alleged to have occurred. With that sure that many of them were tinged with membership of the association from knowledge, why were not efforts made prejudice. Such stories were published which the letter comes, but it is organized then to oust him? The march is on to throughout the country. under ~ an act of Congress of July 14, 1933, destroy southern traditions which are as That, to my way of thjnking, is what and it is the Allied Veterans' Political deeply rooted as the giants of the forest. has caused many good people to take Association of America. .I presume that If Senator BILBO is toppled, we shall see the attitude which they are now assum­ every Member of the Senate has received what will happen to other Senators who ing against Senator BILBO. Senator a letter like the one I hold in my hand, hold the same views which he has the BILBO's opponents have succeeded pretty because it is addressed to the Members courage and the wisdom to entertain and · well in advertising his election and in of the United States Senate, and is dated express. giving the people a great deal of misin­ at New York City, December 31, 1946. The pressure groups which are now formation which, in my humble opinion, It reads as fallows: advocating the causes which I have tried is responsible for much of the effort to define or explain, in reference to the which is now being exerted to throw the THE ALLIED VETERANS POLITICAL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, poll tax, the FEPC, and other issues, will distinguished Senator-elect from Missis­ December 31, 1946. be back here. They will plague every sippi out of the Senate. Re Senator BILBO. Senator and every Member of the other I am just as sure as that I am standing To the Members of the Uni ted States Senate: House. I am not an old man, but in my before the Senate today that during the Who rules America? Is Congress already lifetime I have seen man.y politicians campaign in the State of Mississippi, yielding allegiance to the purse strings of 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RE-CORD-SENATE 79- communism? Is communism so strongly en­ mUted a few well-justified letters to go to requisite for local need, or of benefit to con­ trenched in the high places of this land that remote sections of the Nation; to widely sep­ ·st:ituents directly. This_ is the commonly ac­ he who refuses to serve them must be elimi­ arated localities. However, we are now con­ cepted pro·c·edure for perpetuating every leg­ nated? Why should communism seek to un.­ fronted. by an of these letters, an assembled islator in office. You do it. Why blame BII.rBO se:>,t Senator BILBO? Flor the past several obviously, by one hand; .all viciously used by then? years BILBo has been an outstanding op­ that hand to re-create Senator BLLBo as the I have -delineated an organized Communist ponent of communism. His name is high on persecutor of racial minorities. BLLBo was attempt to oust BILBO. Does the Senate know the must-eliminate list of communism. To goaded into a situation, an:d lt .is now of the exact word-for-w<>rd resolution urg­ attack and oust BILBO is to silence other Sen­ being used as a cross to crucify him. Behind ing impeaching of BILBo, simultaneously pre­ ators and "to make them amenable to direct this whole campaign •stands the sinister ;t;or.ce sen.ted to the ma~or veteran organizations all control-to intimidate them. The Com­ of the Communist Party. You .are being over America? Why identical? Why spon­ munists organized a purge during the recent made party to their .conspiracy. What they taueous-if not emanating from the same political campaign. The purpose of that are now doing to Senator iBILBO, they can Communist source? A few veteran groups purge, overtly conducted in the CIO and .PAC and they will do to you. The ComiiiU'nrists passed that res0lution. It was presented in groups, wa£ to def·eat those politicians and want to control our Government. ·Th.ey al New York Cirty and !)assed by some American others who were outspoken against com­ stop at nothing to seize that eonttro1. Part Legion posts-but New York County threw munism. .BILBO was not defeated. Public of that control is vested in you. You, your­ it out as 'Communist inspiration-largely be­ records disclose that CIO and PAC groups did self, may be their next victim. Even y.our cause of .my analysis and op!)Dsition. Did ntable expla­ Many whites honestly believe in intermar­ nature of their cogent ar.d speci.ous pretense; nation of every other :flact involwed in the riage with Negroes-but only if .it is the lt is only when -you and I lose our .heads and inquiry. other fellow whose sister or daughter inter­ play cheap and dirty polities, when we for­ Every Member of the Congress knows all marl·ies. Invariably, the white or Negro girl sake sincerity of pur.:Pose and the w.el:Lare of too well-a secretary can make or break a who marries into the opposite race is an out­ all the people, that we play right into .their Senat(i)r. A secretary has complete control cast in ,both races. Because of the unseen hands. We then find ourselves amidst of all correspondence. !t is impossible for fo11ces begot by group misuse and abuse of strange bedf,ellows. God and Stalin or Satan any Senator to read every letter arriving at, the championship of the rights of suffering or emanating fwm, his office. That task is minority groupe, most people are reluctant cannot bed together. The gentlem~n of Con­ necessarily the function of the secretarial to honestly express their views. In their gress are familiar with the methods used by hearts, they agree with BILBo; for social se- the Communists. staff. Naturally, Senators must sign docu­ ments placed bef.ore them by a secretary-a ' curity, they tactfully conform and give lip It is needless to elte the ..case of Senator person in whom he must have absolute con­ service. There are many persons, as in New THEODORE BILBO, Of Mississippi-a sincere, fidence and faith-and usually with none ()r York City, who have never before been for loyal, an ne southern gentleman. Sena­ cursory scanning. Hence-when .a secretary or against any raeial group. A New York tor BILBO had spoken upon a subject which is ,bribed by the Communist Party to frame mayor made the whites Negro-conscious and Is of a very controversial nature; a subject to a Senator-that Senator is almost inevita­ stirred up hatred for Negroes. That ayor which he had given a great deal of close at­ bly trapped. This procedure is merely one imported t'he Negro for his ballot and put tention and real study. He had every right of the lesser phases of- the familiar Com­ him on relief. Landlords, with houses ten­ to express his opinion of that subject. Yet, munist procedure-boring from within with anted by Negroes, found that courts would communism crucifies .him for doing so. traitors. · neither require the tenants to pay rent nor Whi1e I do not neces~rily subscribe to his The Senate should also investigate the evict them. To avoid a complete loss of opinions, my organlizatio:n will figh-t to the other secretaries of Senators-and, for that property, landlords razed their dwellings­ limit for his right to express that opinion. matter, try to discover how many Senators and set up a housing -shortage. Citizens are In doing so, he stepped on the ,corns of cer­ are themselves involved in this Communist daily assaulted, robbed, and killed by Negro tain groups-for the subject was one com­ attempt to overthrow our Government by a 'Criminals, with the police turning an un­ monly ·used by Communists as a ready means policy of quietly permeating au .subordinate seeing back knowing "that to protect the citi­ of augmenting its power and membership. channels. Have the Communists already ac­ zen would be to lose thelr own Jobs. Under the leadership of the Communist quired complete domination of a majority !florcing tlie Negro on the white is not Party, thousands of letters, highly intl.amma­ of our l-eaders the:mselves? building up a Negro futm·e. You cannot tory in nature, postmarked fro.m every State Show me a Senator who is not guilty of teach, train, educate, guide, and develop the in the Union, fiooded the oflice of Senator taking care of his constituents-and I will ~egro by passing laws. "BILBO is a keen, BILBO. Those letters subjected BILBO to every show you a legislator who will never be re­ 9tnalyttcai student. of soeiology. He knows conceivable form of vile anathema and vili­ elected to ser:ve a second term. A l~ifllator history. He is an authority on the race prob­ fication. He was criticized, cursed, and called must first of all protect our Nation-and then lem. BILBO has U!rged that the future of the unprintably filthy names. His secretary, Ed­ fulfill the necessary obllgatlons of hls omce Negro be assured by sane, sound, educational ward Terry, prepared replies to them, and, in to his constituents-by personal favors as policies. He does not seek to nurture the righteous indignation, BILBO signed and 'Per- well a-s by securing "that -legislation 'deemed spoiled and pampered brat~ As a politician, .- 80 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 he differs from that mayor· of New York who in silence the identities of those who are ure it demonstrates what I was trying to cultivated the Negro to achieve certain per­ immediately responsible for an investigation point out to the Senate before I began· sonal political objectives. He does not want Of !BILBO? to read it, namely, that there are in to protect the Negro in crime and injustice, We think that Ed Terry' can supply the America today groups which have the nor train him to a life of cancerous social answer to a lot of these questions. He should growth. BILBO has never refused the Negro be compelled to do so. The person who_gave ability to obtain as members some of the the right to vote. If a State has set up so­ Terry his $15,000-and unquestionably, many leading figures in America. Many such cially acceptable conditions to which the additional thousands o"f dollars to induce persons not only permit their names to be Negro voter must conform if he is to vote, Terry to betray BILBo--that man did not used on the committee letterheads but. then that Negro must obey the law. Every come to Terry unknown and unsolicited. · He they furnished a considerable amount voter has to conform to legal safeguards on was introduced to Terry by a mutual friend, of the funds which make the machinery the ballot. If Mississippi has set up certain and then only after Terry had been "sounded of such organizations operate. Never­ regulations for declaring a change in party out" and expressed willingness to sell out. theless, many such organizations are allegiance, then the Negro must conform to·, Terry should be forced to disclose all he those regulations if he is to change his party. knows about these persons who were instru­ operated by a species of termites who The Republican Party has secured control mental in his betrayal of his employer. Those -bore from the inside and who have been of the Congress on probation. If they use persons knew Terry-his weak points, his at work in this country for many years. that power to unseat BILBO, they will make a ability and willingness to "deliver." They They are now at work on many of the grievious and irreparable mistake. In effect, knew how to approach him; how to .lay the Members of this- august body. Believe they are confirming the Democratic accusa­ ground work and how to effect liaison be­ me when I say that if Senators do not tion of Republican complicity with com- • tween Terry and their own principles. No support and further the principles and trustful, confidential secretary can be easily munism. They are driving at one of the most measures which some such organizations fundamental of our constitutional rights- bribed or influenced unless some of his per­ - freedom of expression, freedom from fear, .sonal friends are "in on the take." Who were are now advocating and fostering, the and freedom to think, feel, and act as God Terry's confederates in this conspiracy? organizations will make every attempt at guides us to do. We can ill afford an Ameri­ The United States Senate-through you, their command to purge such Senators at can Stalin to pattern and to punctuate our gentlemen-is itself on trial. It is up to the the next election. thinl{ing, feeling, and doing. The people of Senate to clean its own skirt of the con­ Mr. MORSE. Will the Senator yield? Mississippi elected BILBO. They like him. tamination of communism-or to confess its Mr. ELLENDER. I yield for ~ ques­ What right have we to dictate to the good firm allegiance to (and control by) com­ tion. munism. Every sincere _ and honest legis­ people of Mississippi who is to represent Mr. MORSE. I ask the Senator if he them? If the thinking of a man as highly lator who now investigates BILBO, is himself cultured, educated, and experienced as face to face with the · same elimination will yield, subject to the distinct under­ BILBo--whose extraordinary intelligence and policies by the same Communist Party power. standing that he will not lose the floor political acumen has never bcten challenged­ What happens to BILBo, gentlemen, can hap­ thereby, in order that the junior Senator is not approved by subversive, minority pen to you. from Oregon may make a unanimous­ groups, then it behooves the Senate to exam­ America should not easily forget the bitter consent request. ine into the activities_ of those groups who lesson learned in the downfall of Germany; Mr. ELLENDER. Under those condi- persecute BILBO. Focus the spotlight of in­ the betrayal of France, Austria, and Poland. tions, I gladly yield.· · vestigation on the persecutors-there is The conquest of these nations was not an bribery and corruption there. overnight achievement by external forces Mr. MORSE. I ask unanimous con­ ·The critics of BILBo know little, and care alone. That conquest was the result of a. sent that the present Chairman pro tem­ less about the real racial needs of any minor­ long, patient, tedious, a,nd insidious infiltra­ pore of the Senate be authorized to call ity group. They are not students, economists, tion through the power of those "on the to the chair, relieving him from duty in sociologists. They are pandering to racial inside." The first conquest was tl;lat of the the chair, any Member of the Senate, for bigotry because it is a ready weapon to cru­ political leadership of the country. The first such period of time as he desires, subje_ct cify BILBO, whose honestly expounded opin­ victory was betrayal by those who held places to the condition that the Chairman pro ions chanced to be contrary to acceptance by of power and trust--just such a place as you tempore will keep himself within the pre­ certain small but active groups. His utter­ now hold. America faces that same insidious ance was publicized, misquoted, and misin­ infiltration and domination at this mome:nt.­ cincts of the Senate, available to retake terpreted to serve as a-flame to incite racial The Congress is an immediate objective. It the chair at any time when any Member antagonisms. Then, with the cooperation of is for the Congress to determine just how far of the Senate requests that he do so, or the racial bigots as a basis, Communists seek and how successful this domination from take the chair at his own desire when­ to eliminate BILBO by bribery and conspiracy. without is to progress. It is for-the Congress ever he cares to. That is my unanimous­ Terry seems _to be well versed in these politi­ to decide when and how it is to end. consent request. cal machinations. He has placed himself in Who now rules America? In your investi­ I think it only fair that our Chairman much the same category as a former · New gation of Senator BILBO, you are answering pro tempore should be extended . this York mayor who rode to power on imported this very pertinent question. The Senate is Negro votes. Then, in the flowering of po­ on trial as well as Senator BILBo. courtesy. and it is not clear from the litical success, that mayor abandoned the President Roosevelt was accused of frater­ rules whether or not he can call a Sena­ Negroes to join another more fruitful issue. nizing with the Communists. Even intimi­ tor to the chair. I do not think we We are told that Terry now has a million­ dated newspapers both covertly and overtly should engage in any debate as to dollar credit with which to embark on hous­ describe Communist Party infiltration and whether he can or cannot without unani­ ing construction. Was that million dollar control in Washington. -It was because of mous consent. I think this courtesy . credit authenticateq by the same Communist the bureaucratic control of the Democratic should be extended to him. I think the who bribed him with an initial $15,000 to Party, their Communistic alliances-that I, initiate BILBo's political downfall? One sus­ and many like me, organized reform groups. request is a fair one, and I hope the pects $8,000 clerks who get millionaire credit. • I incorporated the New Jersey State Demo-. Senate will unanimously. join me in it. . Is this million-dollar credit Terry's pay off? crats, and adyocated the defeat of the Demo­ Mr. WHITE. Will the Senator from Is it the 30 pieces of silver? cratic Party so that. a complete party purge Oregon yield? It is certainly not the duty of the Senate, would be effected. We must eliminate the Mr. MORSE. I do not have the floor. tn its official investigation of allegations made Communists from American government and The Senator from Louisiana has the floor against Senator BILBO, to fritter about on American political parties. But . no citizen on the understanding that he would not a witch hunt. But it is their plain duty to worthy of his American heritage expects the lose the floor by yielding to me. thoroughly investigate every pertinent factor Republican Party to continue as the instru­ developed in the investigation. ment to effect the objectives of the ·com­ Mr. WHITE. On the understanding Terry, his admitted $15,000 bribe, his offer munist Party. Your conduct in investigating that it will not change the parliamentary of additional funds. his succession to a vast BILBO is your declaration of purpose as to situation or affect any question now money credit for entry into a highly paid your stand on communism. My organization pending, I am very glad to join with the construction activity-his sudden success and stands for the American principle of equality Senator_from Oregon · in the request. I financial power after quitting a minor and of opportunity for all, without discrimination hope it will be granted. low-wage position-all of this is very perti­ between race, creed, or color. Respectfully yours, Mr. HATCH. Mr. Secretary, will the nent data. Every power of the Senate; every Senator from Louisiana yield? agency of our Government, should be called SAMUEL W. SILVERMAN, upon to ·explore the -latent possibilities of National President. The SECRETARY. Does the Senator from criminal conspiracy lying therein. Louisiana yield to the Senator from New Who is responsible for the demand that Mr. Secretary, I am hopeful that that Mexico? · BILBO be subjected to the humiliation of an letter will be read by many Senators who Mr. ELLENDER. I yield under the investigation by the Senate? Why- vias he do not- at this time adorn the Senate same conditions. · denied the privilege of facing his accusors? by their presence. I believe the letter Mr. HATCH. I have jusf entered the What is the purpose of the Senate in clothing expresses good logic, and that in a meas- Chamber, and I heard a. unanimous- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE·NATE 81 consent request being proposed. I think call, but they may go out immediately As to our authority, as I indicated, I am in complete accord with it, but thereafter, so it will not make any differ­ the charges could be preferred n·ot only should there not be a quorum called? ence. I do not suppose many Senators by an opponent of the Senator, but by Mr. MORSE. I have no objection. are interested in what is now going on. any citizen of the State who had any­ Mr. WHITE. I see no necessity for it, Probably many of them are not anxious thing to offer that would show corrup­ ·but I should have no objection: to know the facts. Of course, it may take tion, fraud, or any violation of the laws Mr. HATCH. May not the unanimous­ a little time to give the facts to the referred to in the :resolution. As I shall consent agreement be stated again? I Senate, and Senators will have ample attempt to point out in a moment when did not hear all of it. opportunity to listen to me. I reach the charges which were preferred The SECRET4RY. -The Senator from Mr. President, the form of the resolu­ against Senator BILBO, . it will become Oregon will restate the unanimous-con­ tion providing for the appointment of apparent that those cl)arges did not in­ sent request. this committee is about the same as that volve the expenditure of money. The Mr. MORSE. The unanimous-consent of resolutions which have been submitted sole issue in ..the charges, as I conceive request is that the Chairman pro tempore in the Senate many times in the past. it; was whether or not Senator · BILBo, of the Senate be authorized to call upon The resolution begins as follows: by the use of force or in any other man­ any Senator to take the chair and re­ Resolved, That a special committee of five ner, intimidated the colored people of lieve him of his duty of presiding over Senators, to be appointed by the President his State and thereby prevented them the Senate for such period of time as he of the Senate, from States in which no Sena­ from registering or voting during the desires, subject to the condition and un­ tor is to be elected at the general election in election of 1946. That was the sole issue derstanding that he will keep himself 1946, is hereby authorized and directed to which our committee had before it. within the precincts of the Senate in make a full and complete investigation with The authority to which I referred is prder that he may be available to retake respect to- contained in section 2 of the resolution, (1) the extent and nature of the expendi­ the chair at any time upon the request of tures made by all candidates for the office of which reads as follows: any Member of the Senate; and with the the United States Senator in 1946 in connec­ SEc. 2. The committee is authorized to act further understanding that my unani­ tion with their campaigns for nomination upon its own motion and upon such infor­ mous-consent request, if granted, will and election to such office; mation as in its judgment may be reason­ not displace any business now pending (2) the amounts subscribed and contrib­ able or reliable. Upon complaint being made before the Senate. uted, and the value of services rendered and to the committee, under oath, by any person, Mr. HATCH. Mr. Secretary, I do not facilities made available (including personal candidate, or political committee, setting desire to suggest the absence of a quo­ services, and the use of billboards and other forth allegations as to facts which, under this advertising space, radio time, office space, resolution, it would be the duty of said rum. I am in accord with the request. moving-picture films, and automobiles and committee to investigate, the committee shall The SECRETARY, Without objection, other transportation facilities), by any indi­ investigate such charges as fully as though the request is agreed to. vidual, group of· individuals, partnership, it were acting upon its own motion, unless. Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. S~cretary, I association, or corporation to or on behalf of after a hearing upon such complaint, the happened to be chairman of the Special each such candidate in connection with. any committee shall find that the allegati_ons in Committee To Investiga'te Senatorial such campaign, or for the purpose of influ­ such complaint are immaterial or untrue. Campaign Expenditures, 1946. The pur­ encing the votes cast or to be cast at ~ny All hearings before the committee, and before primary or general election, or at any con­ any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, pose of that committee is to investigate yention, held in 1946, at which a candidate shall be public, and all orders and decisions e~penditures of all Senators during the for United States Senator is to be nominated of tJ;,le committee, and of any such subcom­ recent campaign. Such a process has or elected; mittee, shall be public. beeri going on for many years. Our.com­ (3) the expenditure offunds appropriated The resolution contains other sections mittee has been fairly- active since we by the Congress with a view to determining organized last July. We have received a whether any such funds have been or are · which are not pertinent at the moment. few · complaints, some of them minor in being expended by any department, inde­ They refer to an appropriation to be character. We proceeded to investigate pendent agency, or instrumentality of the made to carry on the work of the com­ United States, by any State or political sub­ mittee. all complaints received by us which were division thereof, or by any instrumentality worthy o( being considered. Senate As I indicated a while ago, the sole pur­ of any State or political subdivision thereof, pose of this committee; created by the Resolution 224, pursuant to which the in such a manner as to influence the votes special committee was appointed, au­ Senate, was to investigate the campaign cast or to be cast for any such candidate at of any Senator whose election was held thorized the committee during the cam­ any such primary or general election or last year; and, of course, the resolution · paign to investigate any charges made convention; against any Senator by any person inter­ (4) the use of any other means or influ­ affected the election of every Senator­ ested within a State or by any citizen. ence (including the promise or use of pa­ elect who is ready to take the oath of The powers given the committee are very tronage) for the purpose of aiding or influ­ office. I am glad to inform the Senate broad. Among the charges which were encing the nomination or election of any that there have been relatively few com­ thrown into our laps was one over which such candidates; and • plaints, and I doubt if any more will be the Special Committee To Investigate the (5) such other matters relating to the filed than have heretofore been filed. National Defense Program had taken election of United States- Senators in 1946, Mr. President, a moment ago I referred jurisdiction, particularly with reference and the campaigns of candidapes in connec­ to the charg~s which were preferred tion therewith, as the committee deems to against Senator BILBO. I ask the close to the $25,000 contribution that was be of public interest, and which in its opin­ made to senator BILBO for conducting a attention of Senators to the charges, so ion will aid the Senate in enacting remedial that they can determine for themselves campaign. . legislation or in deciding any contests that Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President-- · may be instituted involving the right to a that the charges do not involve any fl:aud The PRESIDING OFFICER

---· 82 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 termites-men and women who are bor­ me, and every opportunity was given the of the talk which the newspaper articles ingfrom within, and who are now attack­ witnesses to answer them. generated was somewhat exaggerated. I ing the citadel of our democracy. This Mr. OVERTON. Has the Senator ever do not know, but I b.elieve that Mr. petition was composed and entirely writ­ known a case involving an election where MARCANTONIO should certainly have been ten, I charge, by the Civil Rights Con­ the contestee did not have the right to sworn in by the House of Representa­ gress; and the citizens of Mississippi had examine witnesses either in person or tives; and if any charges have been made no more to do with it than had my dis­ through his counsel? · or are to be made against him, I cer- tinguished colleague. The record shows Mr.· ELLENDER. I never have. To be tainly believe he should have his day in that it was fostered by a branch of the frank about it, our committee discussed court. I wish to take off my hat right NAACP and some kind of a league headed that matter, and we concluded that the now to the Members of the House of by T. B. Wilson; but when the commit­ best policy to pursue was to give the right Representatives, for notwithstanding all tee itself called upon the citizens of Mis­ to Senator BILBO to ask questions of the grave charges which have been sissippi who had signed that petition, through the chairman. If we had not made against Mr. MARCANTONIO, the there was not one who knew of his own done that, we could have refused the House of Representatives has permitted knowledge any of the facts stated in if. same opportunity to the proponents of him, as I understand,_to take his seat in Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, will the petition. They had two or three at- 'the House. I do not know what will hap­ the Senator yield for a question? torneys there. We felt that that was the pen to him. If the charges warrant Mr. ELLENDER. I yield. best way to handle the matter. ouster, I know that the Members of the Mr. OVERTON. The Senator is fa­ I now yield to the Senator from House of Representatives will do their miliar with the pleading of southerh at­ Georgia. duty. torneys in Louisiana and in Mississippi. Mr. RUSSELL. I thank the Senator. Mr. MAYBANK rose. This petition was evidently drawn up I wish to ask the Senator if he was re- Mr. ELLENDER. I yield to the Sen- by some attorneys-at-law. By reason ferring to organizations in New York ator from South carolina. of its redundancy and repetit.ion, its which became involved in the Bilbo mat- Mr. MAYBANK. I wish to ask the dis­ lavish use of synonyms, is there any ter. The Senator has doubtless read in tinguished Senator from Louisiana question at all that the pleading was the press that some charges had been whether he issued subpenaes for all per­ not drawn up by any lawyer from Mis­ made with respect to the election to the sons who were suggested as being wit­ sissippi or Louisiana, without going any House of Representatives of a member nesses against Mr. BILBO, regardless of further? of the American Labor Party, in the whether they were recommended by the Mr. ELLENDER. There is no doubt State of New York. It was charged that National Association for the Advance­ about it. The record itself shows the a Republican who was interested in fact. the congressional election had been ment of Colored People or regardless of Mr. OVERTON. But one does not murdered because of his activities on whoever may h~ve recommended them. need to go beyond the petition itself? election day. It was called murder in Mr. EL·LENDER. I wish to say to the Mr. ELLENDER. That is true. New York. It would be lynching if it distinguished Senator from South Caro­ Mr. OVERTON. I never in my life had happened in Louisiana. lina, who was present, that full oppor- saw such a profligate use of synonyms. It was charged that there had been tunity was given to every witness who It would be useless to read them; Sen­ -numerous violations of the law with re- desired to be heard. For the first day we ators can do that for themselves. spect to contributions to the campaign tried to get the witnesses to come volun­ Mr. ELLENDER. The petition was made by the individual involved. tarily. Many came. Some refused to drawn by an attorney representing the Our friends on the other side of the comez because they desired to be sub­ Civil Rights Congress. I cannot recall aisle, in the recent senatorial and con- penaed. As soon as we found that out, his name at this time. He was present . gressional campaigns, endeavored to we held a conference, at which we decided at the hearings, and, just before · the frighten the electors of the country with that if we were to get the witnesses who hearings were had, he left the State of the idea that the radicals or the ex- knew something about the matter or who Mis~issippi. I was informed that he got treme left wing element wanted to take could help in the case, we should sub­ hold of a number of witnesses and had over the Government of the United pena them. Thereupon, we gave instruc­ them appear before our committee. I States; that there was infiltration by the tions to our attorney to draw up the say to the Senate that every witness sub­ Communists into positions of power, and proper subpenaes; and I, as chairman of mitted by him or by anyone else was that only the election of a Republican . the_committee, signed the subpenaes and heard, and every opportunity was given Congress would save the country. had them served throughout the State of to every Senator on the committee to ask Whatever may be the merits or de- ~ Mississippi. questions. merits of Senator BILBO, I think everyone Let me say a word in· further answer I have been a Member of the Senate will agree that his name is certainly to the question asked by the distinguished for 10 years. I have served on many anathema_ No. 1 to all the Communists Senator. He will recall that every day committees and subcommittees, and in the United States; and yet in this when we recessed or adjourned from the never have I been a member of a com­ drive to oust radicalism and to pre- morning until the afternoon or from the mittee in which there has been such a serve the country against communism, afternoon until the next morning, the fine attendance. Every member of the we find the No.1 anathema of the Com- chairman of the committee rose and committee was present every day we munists the subject of a violent contro- asked whether there were present any sat, except that for a short period one versy in the Senate, while, so far as I other witnesses who desired to be heard. member was absent. There were seldom am advised, a representative of the Com- I wish to say also that for at least 2 weeks, less than four out of the five members munist Party in the House of Repre- or. in fact, from the time when we deter­ present. Every Senator was given ample sentatives, where the Republicans also mined the date and hour at which we opportunity to ask questions to his control, was not even asked to stand were to hold hearings in the State of heart's content, and after the committee aside when he presented himself to take Mississippi, I instructed our counsel, who concluded, we turned the questioning the oath of office. went to Mississippi and publicized the over to our attorneys, and they inter­ I ask the Senator if he does not think fact, to invite every man, woman, and rogated the witnesses with the utmost there is such a thing as infiltration by child in Mississippi who knew anything latitude. left-wingers and that they have a way about these charges to come forward and Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President--­ of transposing themselves very easily testify. We even went so far as to say The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the from one side of the aisle to the other. to them that if they came before us we Senator from Louisiana yield to the Sen­ Mr. ELLENDER. I do not wish to would protect them. ' ator from Georgia? criticize the action of my good friends at Mr. MAYBANK. Is it not a fact that Mr. ELLENDER. Just a moment. the other end of the Capitol. Of course, on all occasions the courthouse was Thereafter, by consent, we permitted that is their business, and I am not at rather overcrowded; and is it not also a Senator BILBO to ask as many questions all familiar with the Marcantonio case, fact, as the Senator from Louisiana has as he desired. The attorney for Sena­ which I suppose is what the Senator re-- stated, that when he called for the wit­ tor BILBO prepared written questions, fers to. I do not follow the newspaper nesses to come forward, many, both and those questions were propounded by reports, but it ma;v be that a great deal colored and white, came forward? 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 83 Mr. ELLENDER. That is correct. We Mr. FERGUSON. The Senator from other. But the Special Committee To elicited from them every bit of evidence Louisiana does not mean to imply by that Investigate the National Defense Pro­ which they had to offer, and we gave. to statement, does he·, that his committee gram certainly had jurisdiction, and all witnesses very ample opportunity to would not have jurisdiction to go into when it is stated on the floor of the Sen­ give to the committee whatever they any matter outside of campaign expendi­ ate that we are interlopers, I think that knew about the case. tures? His committee did have jurisdic­ is absurd. We were working under juris­ Mr. MAYBANK. In addition to that, tion to go into other things, in adc).ition diction properly provided; we had had is .it not true that some of the witnesses to actual campaign expenditures, did it this · matter referred to us by the Com­ who were subpenaed were delayed be­ not? mittee on Privileges and Elections, and cause of the distance they had to travel, Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, as I we took jurisdiction after we heard from and in their cases the committee post­ explained a moment ago, our powers were them. For that reason I should like to poned the time for their appearance, in very broad. But our powers had to be offer these matters for the RECORD at order to suit their convenience? .confined to the election which was held this point. Mr. ELLENDER. That is correct. in 1946. While I am on the floor, if the Senator Mr. President, I do not think it really I stated a while ago that the $25,000 will yield-- ' is necessary for us to say anything fur­ contribution charge which the Sena­ · Mr. ELLENDER. I do not wish to lose ther on that subject, because I am con­ tor's committee investigated was sub­ the floor, and I yield with the under­ fident that my two distinguished col­ mitted to us, we submitted it to our at­ standing that I do not lose the floor. leagues on the other side of the aisle, torneys, and we were told by our attor­ Mr. FERGUSON. Yesterday I asked who served with distinction on that com­ neys that our committee had no jurisdic­ permission to put into the official RECORD · mittee, know that we made -every effort tion of that because it referred to an of. the Senate the report of the Special to hear all the evidence in substantia­ election which took place in 1942, and Committee To Investigate the National tion of the charges. had absolutely- nothing to do with the Defense Program, and through some mis­ As I have said, the charges are long election of Senator BILBO in July 1946. take of some kind, either in what I had and somewhat complicated. I believe Mr. FERGUSON. Will the Senator said or in the understanding of what I that many good lawyers probably could yi'eld? had said, it was not included in the have drafted them in about two para­ Mr. ELLENDER. For a question. official RECORD. t now ask that the re­ graphs. However, the persons who Does the Senator desire to ask a ques­ port· by printed in the RECORD, together drafted the charges wished to be certain tion? with the correspondence to which I have to have them cover everything. In other Mr. FERGUSON. Yes; on that very heretofore referred. words, I cannot help but feel that they issue. I have a copy of a letter dated The PRESIDING OFFICER. The themselves thought they had a rather October 8, 1946, in which the Senator Senator from Michigan asks that certain bad case, and it was their desire to cover from Rhode Island [Mr. GREEN], the papers be printed in the RECORD. Is every possible point. chairman of the Committee on Privileges there objection? I wish to say to the Senate that our and Elections, sent to Senator James M. ·There being no objection, the report committee diligently investigated this Mead a copy of the charges, which letter and correspondence were ordered to be matter. Today we have before the Sen­ was mailed to him by former Represent­ printed in the RECORD, as follows: ate our report, and I prppose to read it ative Ross Collins. The Senator from INVESTIGATION OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE after a while. Rhode Island sent a copy also to the Sen­ PROGRAM Mr. President, what is this petition? ator from West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE] Mr. KILGORE, from the Special Committee To As I have sai~ it was drafted, not by a on October 8. Investigate the National Defense Program, citizen of Mississippi but by an organ­ If the Senator will yield long enough submitted the following additional report: ization which I again charge to have I should like to put into the RECORD a TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN SENATOR THEODORE G. within itself a lot of termites who are copy bf the letter received from the Sen-­ BILBO AND VARIOUS WAR CONTRACTORS boring from within. Today that organ­ ator from Rhode Island, the chairman Introduction ization is composed of people who, as I of the Committee on Privileges and Elec­ Allegations were made to the committee have said heretofore, have belonged to tions, and also state that the Special that Senator THEODORE G. BILBO, of Missis­ various groups throughout the United Committee To Investig~te the National sippi, had received 'certain sums of mol!ey States. How they are able to induce Defense Program referred cert·ain let­ and had accepted personal property and im­ fine citizens of New York, fine citizens of ters to the Committee on Privileges' and provements to real estate owned by him from Pennsylvania, and fine citizens of other Elections, of which I am a member. Be­ a number of contractors performing construc:­ ing a member of both committees, I hap­ tion work for the United States Government . States of the Union to put up '- money in connection with the national defense to help them out is simply beyond my pen to have personal knowledge of these program. comprehension. Some of these days facts, and, as I understand, those matters Upon instructions from the committee, a they will wake up and will find out, and were referred to the special committee of preliminary investigation was conducted as I hope that happens before it is too late. which the able Senator from Louisiana to these allegations. After presentation of ,...,. Mr. President, just listen to this pe­ was the chairman. the results of this preliminary investigation Mr. ELLENDER. I so indicated a mo­ to the committee, on November 18, 1946, the tition. I hope all Members of the Senate committee decided to proceed with a full in­ listen to it: ment ago. I stated that we had con­ sidered the matter, and at the time some vestigation. The chairman appointed a sub­ To the honorable Senate of the United States committee consisting of Senator James M. of America: • of us felt that we might have to investi­ Mead (Democrat, New York) as chairman and (Attention Committee on Privileges gate, but before proceeding we decided Senator James M. Tunnell (Democrat, Dela­ and Elections, Committee on Cam- to have our committee counsel pass ware), and Senator Homer Ferguson (Repub­ paign Expenditures.) ~ judgment on the question, as we did as to lican, 'Michigan), to conduct the inquiry; The undersigned hereby petition for the every other charge made, and our com­ This subcommittee held executive hearings, redress of the following grievances and mittee counsel advised us that since the and on November 23, 1946, announced that it respectfully show and allege- charge referred to expenditures or mat­ would commence public hearings on Thurs­ ters which related to another election, day, December 12, 1946. Mr. President, I repeat that I hope all At Senator BILBO's request, the committee Senators will follow the reading of this or which related to 1942, and had no notified him of the nature of the allegations petition. The Members of the Senate connection with the 1946 election, under as then known to the committee and advised will notice that there is not a word in it the resolution giving us the power to in­ that it would be willing to subpena, at com­ about unlawful expenditures or anything vestigate we could not go into the matter. mittee expense, any witnesses suggested by of the kind. As I interpret the petition, Mr. FERGUSON. Will the Senator him after the committee had satisfied itself yield? that such witnesses would be able to present it is based solely on the charge of intimi­ first-hand information as to the matters be­ dation, and so forth, of the Negro citizens Mr. ELLENDER. I yield for a question. fore the committee. Prior to the hearing, no in Mississippi. Mr. FERGUSON. I think that does request was made by Senator BILBO that the Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will explain the matter. As I have tried .to committee produce any witnesses other than the Senator yield to me? demonstrate, these two committees those subpenaed on the committee's own mo­ Mr. ELLENDER. I yield for a ques- worked together in such a way as would tion, which were stated by Senator BILBo's tion. not conflict with the jurisdiction of e~. ch attorney, Mr. Forrest Jackson, to be all of the 84 CONGR~SSIO . NAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 witnesses known to Senator BILBo or Mr. than an alleged $200 on the painting b111, 1. sums of Money Received by Senator BILBO Jackson having knowledge of the matters since the services :were rendered in 1941 and From War Contractors, Stated To Have under investigation. 1942 nor have the contractors made any ef~ Been trsed in the 1942 Mississippi Semi­ The subcommittee convened on Decembe;- fort~ to collect. The committee is convinced torial Campaign 12, 1946, and remained in continuo~s ses­ from the · testimony and the circumstances Senator Pat Harrison, of Mississippi, died sion .until December 19, 1946, hearmg 44 that the benefits conferred on Senator BILBO on June 22, 1941. His ten~ of office expired witnesses and taking 564 pages of testi­ as improvements to his real estate, which in January 1943. For the unexpired por­ mony and receiving 126 documentary e~­ senator BILBO and these war contractors.now tion of his term, Wall Doxey, present Ser­ hibits . . These . exhibits, as well as the testi­ seek to treat as an indebtedness now payable geant at Arms of the Senate, was among the mony which has been transcribed, are avail~ by Senator BILBO, were not bona fide t~ans­ candidates. Senator BILBO and some of his able for examination. actions in the ordinary course of busmess, friends, il!cluding _Forrest Jackson, Robert Senator BILBO was at all times present ·but; on the other hand, were an attempted Gandy, and A. B. Friend, aided Wall Doxey during the conduct of these proceedings, to­ subterfuge to conceal the donation of funds in this campaign and collected funds for '· gether with his counsel, Mr. Forrest Jack­ in payment for services rendered to them by campaign expenses. Wall. Doxey was elected son and he testified under oath. Senator BILBO. Also during the war period, in the 1941 Democratic primary to the Senate The committee made plain that its in­ Senator BILBO allowed Michael T. Morrissey, to serve for the unexpired term. of Sen ator vestigation was confined to the exaiJlination a war contractor;- to incur a loss of $48,043.28 Harrison. of Senator BILBO's relations with war con­ in the operation of Senator BILBO's Missis­ In Mississippi, there were two Democratic tractors. The committee did not concern it... sippi farm lands. . primary elections in 1942. The first of these self with his controversies with any racial In the summer and fall of 1942, Senator was held on August 25. The two candidates or religious minority . groups, nor was it BILBO received the sum of $30,000 from three receiving the highest votes in this first pri- . concerned with the propriety of the conduct war contractors. These funds were said to mary then became the candidates in the - of his recent election campaign, which has have been used by an "informal" committee, second or run-off Democratic primary, which of which Senator BILBO was a member, in the been the subject of an investigation by the in 1942 was held on September 15. In th~ Special Committee To Investigate Senatorial 1942 poUtical campaign of Wall Doxey, for first Democratic primary in 1942, there were Campaign Expenditures, 1946. The com­ the United States Senate in the Mississippi five candidates: Senator James 0. Eastland, mittee, of course, took notice that S,enator Democratic primary. The donation an~ Wall Doxey, Ross A. Collins, Roland Wall, BILBO's alleged conduct in connection with solicitation of political · contributions from and Douglas Smith. Senator Doxey and war contractors might have a bearing upon Government contractors while they are I}e­ Senator Eastland, being the two highest his fitness to serve as a Senator, but sought gotiating or performing such contra-cts is candidates in the fi_rst primary, became the to confine itself, to the extent that it was prohibited by a Federal crimjnal statu~~ candidates in the second, or run-off primary. possible, to the examination of his relation (title 18, sec. 61-m-1, U. S. C.). On June 12, 1942, B. L. Knost, a member of to national defense contracts. In some instances, the war contractors in the joint venture of Newton & Glenn, a During the course of the proceedings cer­ making political contributions and in mak­ partnership, B. L. Knost, and the J. A. Jones tain matters deve,Ioped in the testimony not ing improvements on Senator BILBO's estate, Construction Co. on the $13,000,000 C9ntract directly related to war contracts, but which sought to charge the cost of such contribu-; for the . construction of Keesler Field at had a bearing upon the credibility and in:­ tions and services as an expense on their Biloxi, Miss., gave Senator BILBo $5,000. This terest of witnesses, including Senator BILBO books. Twenty thousand dollars of the F. T. $5,000 was stated, both by Senator BILBO and himself. The committee explored these mat­ Newton political contribution of $25,000 was by B, L . ..Knost, to be_a contribution to the ters to the extent it considered appropriate, originally charged directly to war contracts campaign of Wall Doxey, then a candidate and in some cases did so at the request of on the books of Newton & Glenn. These en­ for election to the United States Senate In Senator BILBo. ~ tries were changed on their books only after the first Democratic primary. The discussion disallowance either by their own auditors or Summary of findings preceding the delivery of tl).is $5,000 qccurred by Government agents. Five .thousand dol­ at a dinner at the home o{ B. L. Kn-ost, at The evidence before the committee is lars of this $25,000 was never located on the clear and undisputed that Senator BILBO which Senator BILBO and Michael Morrissey: contractors' books. · a subcontractor on the above":!mentioned con­ assisted certain contractors in' obtaining con­ Between February 24, 1943, and August 27, tract& for the construction of national de­ tract, were present. Senator BILBO te.stified 1945, Senator BILEo also collected from many that he told Mr. Knost at this dinner meeti11g fense installations in the State of Missis­ persons, including war contractors, contri­ sippi. Among these ·contracts· were the cost­ that they needed money for Wall Doxey's C::tm­ butions amounting to at least $27,50U51 for paign, and, as a result, Mr. Knost gave him plus-a-fixed-fee contracts for the construc­ the building of a church parsonage on land tion of the Camp Jackson. Army Air Base, the check for $5,000, one-half of which he was owned by Senator BILBO. At least $7,300 of to pay from his funds and one-half of which Jackson, Miss., by the M. -T. Reed Construc­ the foregoing total was collected from war tion Co., at a cost of $2,639,983.84; the he was to pay from Michael Morrissey's funds, contractors who had been aided by Senator both Morrissey and Knost being engaged in a construction of the cantonment at Key BILBO. The title to this parsonage still re-: joint venture on work for the Government. Field, Meridian, Miss., by a joint veii.turti con­ mains in Senator BILBO, although the parson­ sisting of A. B. Friend, Volz Construction The testimony is clear that this m~ney was age was substantially completed over 2 years solicited by Senator BILBO within the mean­ Co., Rock City Construction Co., and Flint­ ago. None of the war contractors contrib­ ing of section 61-,m-1 of title 18, United Jordan Construction Co., at a cost of $1,- uting to the above-stated total of $7,300 were 731,129.75; and the construction of the avia­ States Code. residents of Poplarville, Miss., near which the In a letter dated September 3, 1942, A. B. tion mechanics training school, known as Juniper Grove Baptist Church and parsonage Keesler Field, Biloxi, Miss., by a joint ven­ Friend advised Mr. F. T. Newton, who W a ~? are located; nor were they members of that then at Greenville, Miss., that Senator BILEO t~re consisting of the J. A. Jones Construe.,. church. The construction of this parsonage wanted Newton to meet him at the Roya~ tion Co., B. L. Knost, and a copartnership of was a personal philanthropic enterprise of Newton & Glenn, at a cost of $13,967,005.15. Hotel, Jackson, Miss., on September 7. A Senator BILBo's. It was improper for him to copy of this letter is set forth as appendix II. A list of the War Department contracts in­ utilize the aid he had given these war con­ volved in this case is set forth as appendix I. On September 7, 1942, Newton attended a tractors as a means of inducing them to con­ political rally · at Jackson, Miss. This rally The committee finds no impropriety in tribute substantial amounts to his personal Senator BILBo's assisting his constituents in was said to be held for the purpose of stimu­ charities, administered solely by him. lating Interest in and colJ.ecting funds for obtaining and performing war contracts. The evidence presented to this committee The impropriety of Senator BILBo's actions Wall Doxey's campaign. Senator BILBO was clearly indicates that Senator BILBO improp­ one of the speakers at the meeting. consists in the acceptance of gifts, services, erly used his high office as United States Sen­ and political contributions from these same After the meeting, on September 7, 1942, ator for his personal gain in his dealings F. T. Newton of the firm of Newton & Glenn, contractors whom he had aided. The com­ with war contractors. mittee is unable to accept the theory that one of the .members of the coventure men­ Senator BILBo's aid to those dealing in Gov­ Detailed discussion of facts tioned above, delivered to Senator BILBO four checks drawn by Newton, and made payable ernment contracts and the benefits he re­ In discussing the evidence produced in the ceived were unrelated. to Senator BILBO on four different banks, committee's public hearings, it is helpful to totaling $25,000. This money was a contribu­ Testimony and documentary evidence be­ consider the various transactions involved in fore the committee indicates that during tion to the second Mississippi Democratic this investigation in fo'!ll' separate categories, primary campaign for the election of Wall the war period Senator BILBO received sub­ as follows: stantial benefits from war contractors. He Doxey to the United States Senate. 1. Sums of money received by Senator BILBQ The Newton and Knost donations were accepted as gifts a Cadillac sedan, valued at from war contractors, stated to have been $1,906.67, and house furnishings varued at contributed to the "informal" committee for $500 or more. He also allowed war con­ used in the 1942 Mississippi senatorial cam- the election of Wall Doxey in the 1942 United tractors to improve his estate at Poplarville, paign. . States senatorial campaign, which committee Miss., by constructing an artificial lake and 2. Gratuities or benefits received by Sena­ consisted of Senator Theodore G. Bilbo, For­ island, a swimming pool, and by painting his tor BILBo from war contractors. rest Jackson, Robert Gandy, and A. B. Friend. home. The total cost of the foregoing im­ 3. Funds paid by war contractors to Sena­ The testimony discloses that no account of provements was at least $6,658.40. The con­ tor BILBO for the construction of the Juniper receipts and expenditures of this informal tractors billed Senator BILBO for these serv­ Grove Baptist Church · and parsonage. committee were ever. filed with the State of ices. However, Senator BILBO has not made 4. Other matters not directly relate..d to .Mississippi.· It was contended by Forrest any payments for these improvements, other war contracts. Jackson, attorney for Sena'to1· BILBO, that the 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 85 law did not require the so-called informal Collins, had stated publicly, as well as indi­ with the United States or any department or committee to make a report of receipts and vidually, to his suppqrters that they were at agency thereof, either for the rendition of expenditures in the campaign. liberty to support whatever candidate they personal services or furnishing any material, No complete accounting of the receipts pleased in the second primary. Collins' posi­ supplies, or equipment to the United States and expenditures was maintained. Robert tion on this subject is supported by Travis, or any department or agency thereof or sell­ Gandy, however, one of the members of the as well as by two other witnesses to the con­ ing any land or building to the United States committee, maintained a book of accounts ference, Charles Snow and George Butler. or any department or ageucy thereof, if pay­ of moneys received by him personally and Cecil Travis admitted receiving $11,000, but ment for the performance of such contract his expenditure of those funds. Mr. Gandy's stated that it was not for the payment of or payment for such material, supplies, account book was received in evidence. This the Collins' operating deficit, but for ex­ equipment, land, or building is to be made account book included funds received and penditures in Wall Doxey's campaign in the in whole or in part from funds appropriated disbursements made in both the 1941 and second primary, computed on the basis of by the Congress, shrJl, during the period of 1942 campaigns. This book did not disclose ~100 each for the organizations in the 82 negotiation for, or performance under such the receipt of the $25,000 from F. T. Newton. counties of Mississippi, plus $3,000 for the contract or furnishing of material, suppli£>s, This account book does show the receipt of operation of State headquarters. Travis equipment, land, or buildings, directly, or $5,000 from B. L. Knost in June 1942 but indi­ states that he delivered the $11,000 to Phil indirectly, make any contribution of money cates that this $5,000 check payable to Sena­ Kimball, who Travis stated delivered it to the or any other thing of value, or promise ex­ tor BILEO was merely a loan to the campaign various county organizations. Kimball is pressly, or impliedly to make any such con­ fund. Mr. Gandy could not recall why he dead. tribution, to any political party, committee made the notation in his account book to _ Aside from the book of accounts kept by or candidate for public office or to any person the effect that this $5,000 check was a loan. Robert Gandy and the records of the checks for any political purpose or use; nor shall any Both Senator BILBO and Mr. Knost testified which were paid, very little documentary · person knowingly solicit any such contribu~ that they considered this $5,000 check to be evidence exists from w:t.ich it can be ascer­ tion from any such person or firm, for any an outright contribution to Wall Doxey's tained precisely . who were the contributors such purpose during any such period. Any campaign. or what amounts were received in contribu­ persoD; who violates the provision of this sec­ The testimony of the other members of tions by the so-called informal committee. tion shall, upon conviction thereof be fined the committee, as well as Mr. Gandy, dis­ Likewise, it is not possible to determine the not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more closes that funds in addition to those con­ amounts expended, and to whom these funds than 5 years. tained in Mr. Gandy's account were received were paid, and for what purpose. For the "(b) Nothing in this section shall be con.: and disbursed by the other members of the most part, the funds were handled in cash strued to permit any action w.hich is pro­ committee, but none of them wa.s able to without a record being made. hibited by any · provision of law in force on state at the hearing any amount received by The committee is, therefore, unable to the date this section takes effect (July 19; him individually, aside from Mr. Gandy, nor .find with certainty whether or not the funds 1940, ch. 640, sec. 5, 54 Stat. 772) ." _ the total amount received and disbursed by received from war contractors and others The purpose of this statute was to remove, the entire group. . .were, in fact, completely expended for the ,or at least minimize, one source of corrup­ Wall Doxey had a campaign committee Wall Doxey campaign. tion in P.Olitics. It was precisely this sort of under the direction of his campaign man­ activity in connection with the national de­ It is, however, clear that at least $30,000 of fense program that the Senate created this ager, Mr. Lee D. Hall. This commi~tee file~ the funds received by Senator BILBo for the an accounting of its receipts and expendi­ committee to investigate and expose. · informal committee were paid by war con­ The committee has had occasion to con­ tures and presented a detailed statement of tractors. This fact makes pertinent a Fed­ receipts and disbursements in our public sider this statute previously. It has been eral statute passed July 19, 1940, designed to impressed upon the committee that the stat­ hearings. ·prohibit Government contractors from· con­ The record clearly shows that Wall Doxey ute is limited in its'appllcation to--those who tributing to political campaigns. Senator contribute funds and those who knowingly had no knowledge of the collection of $25,000 BILBo, although only a member of a four­ from F. T. Newton for his 1942 campaign. He solicit funds, but is silent as to those who roan committee, in his own words was a good knowingly accept or receive such illegal con­ first learned of this contribution in October "collector" of campaign funds, and on his 1942, after the campaign was over. tributions. 'I'he committee considers this an own admissions and testimony the commit­ important loophole in the law and calls the Under these circumstances, it is impo~sibl~ tee concludes that he solicited the $5,000 for the committee to ascertain whether or existence of this defect to the attention of from B. L. Knost and the $25,000 from F. T. the Senate. not all of the funds collected for the Doxey Newton. campaign were expended for this purpose. Title 18, section 61'-m-1, of the United 2. Gratuities or Benefits Received by Senator It was testified by sqme of the witnesses that States Code, provides as follows: Bilbo From War Contractors a part of the funds were used to enlist the "61-m-1. Contracts with United States; The evidence establishes that Senator BILBO support of two of the defeated candidates in contri}:mtions by contractors prohibited: (a) has received from war contractors benefits the first primary; namely, Roland Wall and No person or firm entering into any contract oj. value which are set forth as follows: Ross A. Collins. It was explained that it was a custom in Mississippi politics to pay the operating deficits of defeated candidates in Name of war contractors Minimum Maximum the first primary to enlist the support of the Date Nature of benefit value value defeated candidate and his organization in behalf of a particular candidate in the second 1941______M. T. Reed ______Painting Dream House No. L______$1,790.79 $1,790.79 or run-off primary. As previously stated, this Do ______M. T. Morrissey------Artificial lake and island______3, 672.91 34,500. oo 1942 run-off was a contest between Senator Dec. 24, 194L •. _____ do ______Cadillac sedan______1,906.67 1,906.67 EASTLAND and Wall Doxey. Dec. 25, 194L-- Several contractors and others ___ Furnishings for Dream House No.2... 500.00 1, 000. oo Aprill942 ______John R. Junkin ______Swimming pooL------1,194. 70 1, 500.00 Mr. Roland Wall testified that he entered 1942-45______M. T. Mon·issey ------Operation of Bilbo's farm property____ 48, 0.23. 98 48,023.98 into an agreement with the informal commit­ 1------1------tee to support Doxey in the second primary TotaL __ ------__ ------·- 57, 089. 05 88,721.44 in consideration of the payment to him of $8,000, the amount of his operating deficit. He also testified that he received out of this Senator BILBO has admitted the receipt of at.the same rate he charged the Government, amount approximately $6,000 and that he a Cadillac car and furniture for Dream there would have been an additional charge considered the balance of $2,000 still owing House No. 2 as Christmas gifts. The re­ of $5,500, or a total of approximately $9,000 to him. · mainder of the foregoing benefits, · with the for this work. With respect to Ross Collins, it was stated exception of the operating loss of approxi­ Col. John L. Person, of the Corps of United by Senator Bilbo, Forrest Jackson, and Rob­ mately $48,000 expended by Michael T. Mor­ States Army Engineers, testified that the fair ert Gandy that at a meeting with Ross Collins rissey in his operation of Senator BILBo's cost, without a profit, for excavating work of after his defeat in the first primary at Collins' farm for 4 years, were all stated by Senator the character done by Morrissey would be 20 suite in the Robert E. Lee Hotel in Jackson, BILBO to be items which he owes. All of the cents per cubic yard, and, with a. profit in­ Miss., Collins designated Cecil Travis to ar­ foregoing benefits were conferred prior to cluded, 22 to 23 cents per cubic yard. Mor­ range for the payment of funds for the sup­ January 1943, at which time Senator BILBO rissey testified that in creating the 15-acre port of Wall Doxey by the Collins organiza­ filed with the Federal Land Bank of New lake he moved from 150,000 to 165,000 cubic tion, and that subsequently arrangements Orleans a financial statement in connection yards of earth. Computed on the basis of were made with Travis to enlist the aid of with a rearrangement of his loan with that the figures given by the Corps of Engineers the Collins organization for the sum of bank. in which he failed to mention any of and Morrissey's testimony, the value of the $11 ,000, which was paid to Travis. the foregoing items as debts owed by him. excavation work to create the lake would Collins, supported by his secretary, Lura For the excavation of the 15-acre lake sur­ have run from $34,500 to $37,950. Harrison, denied that any such agreement rounding the island on which Dream House For pouring the concrete for the swimming was made and denied that any deficit existed. No. 2 is built, Contractor Michael T. Mor­ pool on Senator BILBo's estate in April 1942, Collins denied that Travis had been au­ rissey submitted a bill for $3,672.91. Morris­ the St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc., sent a bill thorized by him to enter into any such ar­ sey testified that this did not include any to Senator BILBo for $1,194.70. This bill was rangement for the support of Wall Doxey by charge for the use of his construction equip­ marked "Paid in full-St. Catherine Gravel the Collins forces, and, on the contrary, he, ment; that if he had charged Sepator BILBo Co., Inc.," when it was mailed to Senator 86 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 BILBO. Mr. John R. Junkin, president of the From 1942 through 1945, Michael T. Mor­ this account. . The evidence indicates that he St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc., testified that rissey, under an agreement with Senator refused to allow church officials to have if a profit on this work were included in the BILBO, operated Senator BILBo's farm' prop­ access to the fund or information concern­ bill it would have run about $1,500. Mr. erties under an oral agreement whereby ing it. From February 24, 1943, to August 27, Junkin testified that regardless of the fact Morrissey was to pay all operating expenses 1945, Senator BILBO deposited $27,501.51 in that the bill was marked "Paid in full," he and in the event the farm operation showed this account. As of August 15, 1946, he had did not consider the bill paid, but merely a profit he was to split this profit 50-50 with withdrawn all but· $1,285.38. There is no that it had been transferred from the ac­ Senator BILEO and 'in case the operation evidence that he used this fund for anything - count of the St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc., showed a loss, Morrissey was to absorb all other than the construction of the parsonage a corporation, to the personal account of losses. Morrissey's records reflect that dur­ and minor repairs to the church; however, himself and his brother, sole owners of the ing this 4-year period, he lost a total of from available books and records it is not corporation. Senator BILBO has paid noth­ $48,023.48 in this operation. possible to determine what disposition was ing on this bill, nor has the St. Catherine This farm arrangement seems to be ex­ made of all of these funds. Construction of Gravel Co., Inc., nor Mr. Junkin, made any tremely unusual. The farm accounts show the parsonage was begun in 1943 and was effort to collect it. the expenditures to be extremely high in substantially completed 2 years ago. This Although the books of the St. Catherine view of the amount of income received. parsonage is built on property owned by Sen­ Gravel Co., Inc., reflect that this pool was Morrissey testified "that he took advantage of ator BILBO which is adjacent to the church paid for in cash by Senator BILEO on May 28, these losses in his income-tax returns with property. It is a brick veneer structure with 19'12, the corporation listed the cost of this the effect that approximately 80 percent of eight bedrooms and five baths. pool as a gift in its 194~ Federal income-tax the losses were, in effect, paid by the Gov­ The property upon which the parsonage Is return. This deduction was subsequently ernment, since he was in the 80-percent in­ located is part of a tract of land which disallowed by income-tax agents in 1946. Mr. come-tax bracket. Senator BILBo had previously mortgaged to Junkin testified that the swimming pool was The committee has been unable to ascer­ the F~deral Land Bank of New Orleans and listed as a gift on his corporate tax return tain the exact extent of the benefit to Sen­ the Bank of Commerce, Popla'rVille, Miss. as the result of a bookkeeper's error. At the ator BILBO arising from this farm operation. On December 11, 1946, the Federal land bank time Mr. Junkin worked on the swimming Taxes approximating $1,000 a year were paid released the parsonage property consisting pool for Senator BILBO, his corporation was by Morrissey for 3 years and were included _of about 4 acres from its first mortgage se­ working on a half-million-dollar Government in his operating losses. Substantial amounts curing Senator BILBo's indebtedness and on contract; at Keesler Field. were expended on fertilizer. Pay rolls ap­ November 19, 1946, the Bank of Commerce . Jn the spring of 1941 Mr. M. T. Reed, a pear to be excessive in view of the income released the parsonage property which had :war contractor, painted Senator BILBo's from sales. For example, in the year 1943 been part of the security for Senator BILBo's Dream House No. 1 and sent him a bill for the total income from the sale of produce loan from ' that bank. $1,730.79. Both Mr. Reed and Senator BILBO was $7,267.83, together with $3,351.08 re­ The bank records reflect that at least claim that this is a debt which Senator BILBo ceived as AAA conservation benefits paid by $7,300 of the parsonage fund collected by owes, and Reed testified that he has made the Federal Government. The total gross s~nator BILBO was obtained from war con­ no effort to collect it. However, Senator income for 1943 was $10,627.91. In this same tractors whom he had assisted. It is not BIL.Eo testified that this year he sent Mr. year, the pay roll was $10,777, exceeding the possible from available records to determine Reed 400 pounds of pecans from his farm for total gross income by over $100. A much whether an addition.al part of the contri­ which he credited $200 against the painting more detailed examination of the farm books butions to this fund were also made by war bill. and records, as well as witnesses, would be contractors. However, none of the war con­ Mr. Reed testified that he wrote off this ac­ required to ascertain accurately the benefit tractors who are known to have contributed received by Senator BILBO from these ex­ count as a bad debt in 1941 and sought to the $7,300 to the parsonage .fund ·are re~l­ tensive losses by Michael T. Morrissey under take advantage of it in connection witli his dents of Poplarville, ~ss., or members ot Federal income-tax return. However, this an oral agreement which, in itself, does not the Juniper Grove Baptist Church. deduction was subsequently disallowed by savor· of the usual business transacti-on. Under the circumstances, the committee Rev. D. Wade Smith became pastor of the the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Juniper Grove Baptist Church on October 22, Senator BILBO testified that the statute of is not convinced by the explanation. that the 1944. He testified before the committee that limitations in Mississippi outlawed debts on foregoing benefits received by Senator BILBo the parsonage at that time was practically from various war contractors were either open accounts, such as those for the lake. completed, but that h .e did not move into it. pure Christmas• gifts or ordinary business swimming pool, and paint job after 3 years. "tt·ansactions, as Senator BILBO now claims. In fact, the parsonage has .never been. oc­ Three years has run since all of the foregoing · The explanations now offered, in the judg­ cupied. Reverend Smith and some of the items were .furnished and tlie debts are there: ment of· the committee, do not ring true, in church members sought to have the par­ fore uncollectible by law. Senator BILBO tes­ sonage completed, since there was relatively tified that notwithstanding this perfect legal the light of the conduct of the parties in the little work to be done, but were unsuccessful. years intervening between the receipt of the defense to any action brought by these w4l.r In the fall of 1945 Reverend Smith built his contractors to collect the alleged indebted­ benefits and the time of the committee's .own house some 2 miles from. the church ness, it was not his practice to take advan­ hearing. The committee considers the and, according to his testimony, it has been claims now made as a mere subterfuge man­ tage of that defense, and that he would pay only in the last 6 weeks that any substantial these ·debts some time when he was able. ufactured for the occasion of this commit­ tee's hearing. amount of work has been done on the par­ · In addition to the foregoing improvements The committee considers Senator BILBo's sonage during the entire period that he has on Senator BILBO's estate, he also, at Christ­ been the pastor of the Juniper Grove Baptist acceptance of expensive gifts and donations .Church. . mas time in 1941, received a new Cadillac of personal property and the acceptance of sedan as a Christmas present from Michael During the period of the committee's in­ improvements to real estate, provided by . J T. Morrissey. This automobile was pur­ contractors who have profited out of their vestigation certain steps have been taken by chased by Morrissey at a cost of $1,906.67and work for the Government in the war effort, Senator BILBO, such as the afore-mentioned is said by Morrissey, and admitted by Senator to be an illegal practiee in violation of exist­ release of the mortgages on the parsonage BILEO, to be an outright gift. ing Federal statutes. property and the preparation oi a deed, apd Also at Christmas in 1941, certain house­ Reverend Smith testified that he now expects hold furnishings for use in Dream House 3. Funds Paid to Senator BILBO for the Con­ to move into the parsonage on January 1, No. 2 were presented to Senator BILBO by struction of the Juniper Grove Baptist 1947, and that formal dedication of the par­ several friends, including B. L. Knost, F. ·T. Church and Parsonage sonage and the church is being planned for Newton, and John R. Junkin, who were war Senator BILBo lives near Poplarville, Miss., April 27, 1947. , contractors. Edward P. Terry, who purchased where he owns a large tract of land. He is a The committee has no evidence that the these furnishings, estimated their value at member of the Juniper Grove Baptist Church, funds collected for this parsonage by Senator approximately $1,000. He testified that the the church property adjoining his property. BILBo have been used for any other purpose. contributions he collected were insufficient Since 1942 Senator BILBO has solicited funds Although Senator BILBo was a member of to pay the cost of the furniture and that he, which he stated were for the construction of the finance committee and the building com­ together with Robert Gandy, borrowed $500 the Juniper Grove Baptist Church and par­ mittee of the Juniper Grove Baptist Church, from the' Deposit Guaranty Bank & Trust sonage. These solicitations were made both he had sole control of the funds which he . Co., of Jackson, Miss., on December 23, 1941, orally and in letters. Included among the eollected for the parsonage and exclusive for the purpose of defraying the balance of persons solicited were a number of war con­ title to the property on which it was built. the cost of the furniture. On July 29, 1942, tractors. The construction of this parsonage was a this $50California. BILBO has paid them nothing on this ac­ and parsonage of the Juniper Grove Baptist Senator ToM CONNALLY, of Texas, does not count. Church. Mr. Carr then gave Dr. Podesta approve the report. (b) The n arcotics charge: Wholly aside $1,000 to be given to Senator BILBO for the Senator James M. Tunnell, DelftWare, does from the matter of war contracts, a matter was injected into the proceedings by the Juniper Grove Baptist Church fund. Dr. not approve or disapprove the report, inas­ witness, Edward P. Terry, which, out of jus­ Podesta states that a day or two later he met much as he was not present at all of the tice to those involved in the charge, the com­ Senator BILBO at the Royal Hotel in Jackson, committee hearings on this matter and has mittee was required to explore. Miss., and gave him the ten $100 bills which not reviewed the testimony taken at the This charge, in substance, was that in the had been turned over to him by Mr. Carr. hearings. He takes no action on the further summer of 1945, Senator BILBO received from At that time Dr. Podesta told Senator BILBO ground that he will not be a Member of the one John A. Carr, an aged drug addict of that the $1,000 was for the church fund. Senate when possible final action is taken Natchez, Miss., through Dr. A. J . Podesta, of Mr. John A. Carr was also interviewed by a concerning Senator BILBo's conduct. Vicksburg, Miss., the sum of $1,500, and that committee investigator at Natchez, Miss·., on Senator Frank P. Briggs, of Missouri, who Senator BILBO interceded with Harry J. An­ December 22, 1946, and executed a statement was not a member of the subcommittee, does slinger, Commissioner of Narcotics, to obtain in his own handwriting concerning this mat­ not approve or disapprove, as he heard none the consent of the Bureau of Narcotics to the ter. This statement is set forth as appendix of the testimony. 88 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4

APPENDIX APPENDIX I CorPs of Engineers, contract data--Prime contracts and subcontracts

Negotia- Comple- Con­ Name and address of con­ Ori11:inal tions qw_ner, partner- Starting tion or Finn! tract tractor Contract No. Job contract starting ship~{i;~rpo- date a~';~t- paa~:nt Total paid date amount date date

7/28/41 F. T. Newton, Hatties- W-569-eng-2615, Rental of handsaw------1$25.00 (2) IndividuaL.. 7/1/41 5/9/42 12/8/42 S.31. 67 burg, Miss. ERA No. 49 . fl/24/43 ..•.. do_------W -569-eng-5071.. Greenville, Miss., Army Air- 30, 171. 62 a 5/19/43 •••. do______(4) 10/8/43 7/10/45 29, 252. 48 field, construction of buildings. 6/24/43 ••••• do._------W -569-eng-5072 .. Construction of one all-purpose 30, 433. 32 5/19/43 •••. do______5/24/43 9/15/43 7/10/45 ~9. 803. 40 recreation building, Key Field, Meridian, Miss. 6/24/43 ..••. do ______W-569-eng-5074 .. Construction of one all-purpose 39, 168. 43 5/15/43 •.•. do______5/'25/4 3 10/9/43 7/10/45 41,410.90 recreation building and con· version of facilities for W AAC company, Jackson Army Air Base, Jac-kson, Miss. J. A. Jones Construction W-569-eng-2615 .. 6/13/41 Construction of aviation me·} 11 7411 620 } Co., Charlotte, N. C., 00 4/ll/42 7/15/43 13, 967, 005. 15 and Newton, Glenn & f!~\~dt,r~:r. ~i:.l, Kees- 6265: ooo: oo Knost, Hattiesburg, Miss. 1/23/42 Newton, Glenn & Knost, W-1106-eng-5614. Additional con~truction, Key 122, 861. 80' 1/13/42 IndividuaL.. 4/1/42 8/27/42 6!27/4.4 144,365. 88 Hattiesburl!', Miss. Field, Meridian, Miss. 3/27/42 Newton & Glenn, Hat­ W-612-eng-779 .•• Camp Campbell, 'renn., con- 1, 813,999.00 No rec- Partnership___ 4/-/42 1/-/43 3/-/43 1, 332, 418. 52 tiesburg, Miss. struction of mobilization build- ord. ings. 6/26/42 .••.. do.------W-1106-eng-5875. Green ville, Miss., Army Air- 736, 361. 26 a 5/26/42 .•••. do...... 6/-/42 11/2/42 7/31/43 830,584. 12 field, additions and improve- ments to utilities, construe· tion of bnjldings, etc. 8/5/42 ..... dO------W-569-eng- 4194 .. Laurel, Miss., Army Air Bnse, 653,018. 54 a 8/1/42 .••.. do...... 8/-/42 8/4/4:i 5/16/45 906,057.52 housing facilities. 8/10/42 Felix T. Newton and W-1106-eng-6143. Rohwer Relocation Center, 505,000.00 Jo rec- Joint contrac- 8/11/42 3/31/43 6/1/43 521,045.911 Frank S. Glenn, Hat­ Desha County, Ark., con- ord. tors and co­ tiesburg, Miss. struction of 34 buildings. adventurers. Total, Newton and ---·------11; 801,975. ~ associates. =---== 4/28/42 B. L. Knost, Pass Chri~· W-1106-eng-5830. Construction or Eervice roads, 37, 14,';. 30 4/27/42 IndividuaL... 5/4/42 6/17/42 i/29/42 33, 256.94 tian, Miss Key Field, Meridian, Miss. L/9/42 .•••. do.• ·------W-1106-eng-5850. Construction of ordnance stor- 80,240.75 !i/9/42 _____ do...... 5/9/42 8/26/42 7/15/43 78,038. M age facilities, Key Field, Meridan, Miss. 5/Tt/42 .•••.dO------W-1106-eng-5876. Temporary buildings and uti!- 1, OSS, !l90. 49 f./27/42 ..••. do ..•.••••• 5127/42 2/2/~3 7/15/43 1, 223, 206. 4? itie~. Key Field, Meridian, Ml"8. 7/16/42 ----.dO------W -1106-eng-6006. Construction engineering shop, 195, 567. 00 7/16/42 .•••. do ..••.•••• 7/20/42 f/26/43 8/16/43 ~21, 234.04 dental clinic, etc., Key Field, Meridian, Miss. 12/21/42 ••••• dO------W-!'.69-t>ng-4628.. Construction Air Corps squad­ 3!1, 500.00 12/15/42 ••••.do . •••.•••. 12/23/4 2 5/15/43 8/7/4f. 43,213.42 ron hangar, Jackson Army Air Base, Iackson, Miss. 1!19/43 .•••. do______W-569-eng-4711.. Subdepot far:ili! ies, Key Field, 37, 779. 25 1/18/43 .••..do ______l/21 /43 8/i/42 12/10/!3 W,512.'m Meridian, Mis<1 . 1/13/43 .•••. do ------W-569-eng-4693.. Construction commissary builrt· 20,894.18 1/11/43 . •.•. do______1/15/43 5/31/43 8/18/43 29,341.09 ing, Key Field, Meridjan, Miss. 2/Zl/43 _____ dO------·- W-569-eng-4826 .• Additional temporary construc- 192,774.10 2/25/43 .•••. do______2/Ti/43 1/15/44 8fl/44 267,823.00 tion, Key Field, Meridian, Miss. 4/16/43 _____ do •••• ------W-569-eng-4956 .• Construction of 8 officers' quar- 33,795.50 4/15/43 .•••. do...... 4/20/43 7/16/43 9!24/43 33,550.05 ters and 3 lavatories, Key Field, Meridian, Miss. 4/24/43 •••.. do.------W -569-eng-4980.. Greenville, Miss., Army Air­ 4, 257. i2 a 4/22/43 .•••. do.------(4) 6/l/43 8/16/43 3, 977. 73 fit'ld, erection of structures. 8/12/43 .•... do ______W-569-eng-5283 •. Range facilities, GuUport and 212,032. 20 '7/30/43 .•••. do.------· 8/27/43 3/2/44 4/1/44 231 ; 123.18 Keesler Field~, Miss. 3/21/41 B. L. Knost Co., Pass W-1106-eng-5253, Installntion or steam distribu- 82,589.00 (2) · ••••• do...... 6/11/41 1fJ/42 1/28/42 88, 80(l. 10 Cbristian, Miss. Sub. No. 27. tion syst~m. Meridjan Air Corps project, Meridian, Miss. (Key Field). 7/29/42 Morris.sey & Knost, W-1106-eng-6066. Construction of perimeter taxi- 122,909. 15 7/28/42 Individualand 8/3/42 12/12/42 5/15/43 107, 548. 98 Vicksburg, Miss. ways, Key Field, Meridian, individual. Miss. g(J0/42 _____ do.------W-1106-eng-6383. Construct outfall sewer and ex- 56,200.50 9/29/42 .'•••. do. __ ----- lO(J/42 ll/H/42 1/23/43 51,635.75 temion to sewage collection system, Key Field, Meridian, Miss. 1/l/43 .•••. do.---~------W -569-eng-4672.. Paving and drainage, additional 22,481.00 12/26/42 .•••. do ..•••••. 1/5/43 5/1!43 8/13/43 24,463. 50 post roads, Key Field, Merid­ ian, Miss. Total (Knost and associates). ------·------2, 487,831. 56 2,120/41 MikeT. Morrissey, Vicks­ W-1106-eng-5151' Rental of construction equip- (10) (2) IndividuaL.. 4/1/41 5/10/41 717141 2, 047.50 burg, Miss. Sub. No. 10 ment. (ERA). 3/l/41 .••••do.------W -1106-eng-5151 ••••• do.------·------­ (10) (2) .•••• do._·----- 4/1/41 4/19/4.1 6/5/4.1 2, 807.25 Suh. No. 20 (ERA). • 3/15/41 .•••• do.------W -1106-eng-5151 ••••• do.-·------(10) (I) ••••• do______4/2/41 4/28/41 6/5/41 513. ()() Sub. No. 28 (ERA). 418/41 ••••. do.------W -1106-eng-5253 ••••• do.-----·------·------­ (10) (I) ••••• do...... 4/8/41 8/13/41 9/20/41 10,599.89 Sub. No. 20 (ERA). 5/7/41 ••••• do.------W -1106-eng-5253 ••••• do._··------·-··- (10) (I) _____ dQ______6/1/41 6/24/41 8/7/41 3,120. 00 Sub. No. 19 (ERA). li/21/41 .•••• do.------W -11()6-,eng-5253 ••••• do._------·····-·----- (10) (I) ••••• do •• ·---- 6/1/41 6/18/41 8/11/41 2, 412.00 Sub. No. 21 (ERA). 6/23/41 ••••• do .••••••••••••••••••• _ W -569-eng-2615 Rental of saddle horses •••••••••• (11) (I) •••••do...... 6/1/41 8/12/41 11/8/41 ERA No.3. 460.00 6/23/41 ••••• do.• ------W -569-eng-2615 Rental of construction equip· (10) (1) •••••do...... 7/1/41 2/16/42 2/16/42 a, 181, 06 ERA No.4. ment. Footnotes at end of table. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 89 Corps of Engineers, contract data-Prime contracts and subcontracts-Continued

Comple- Original Negotia- Con- Name and address of con- tions Owner, partner- Starting tion or Final tract Contract No. .Tob contract starting ship, or corpo- accept- payment Total paid date · tra<.'tor amount ration date ance date date date

6/23/41 MikeT. Morrissey, Vicks- W -569-eng-2615 Rental of construction equip- (10) (2) IndividuaL •. 6/1/41 12/15/41 2/18/42 $96,708.21 ERA No.5. ment. burg, Miss. ••••• do ______7/1/42 __ ... do ______••• ---. ____ • W -110&-eng-5972. Rental of equipment at Key (12) •7/1/42 7/2/42 8/5/42 9/12/4 ~ 1, 928. 00 \ Field, Meridian, Miss. _____ do ______7/8/41 ____ .do.•••. _.------W -110&-eng-5253 Rental of construction equip- (1 0) (2) 7/8/41 8/13/41 9/:20/41 8, 919. 66 Sub. No. 28 ment. ___ .• do ______. (ERA). _____ do. ______'B/5/41 W -569-eng-2615 ____ .do _____ ------__ ------(10) (2) 8/1/41 2/28/42 3/20/42 l8, 576.30 ERA No. 46. Total, Morrissey ____ ------...... ------.. ------.. -- ... ----- .. ------...... ·------151, 270.87 f./28/43 Roy V. Doughty, Colum- W -569-eng-5196 •. Floodlights at Jackson Army $603. EO 6/21/43 IndividuaL •.. 7/5/43 .9/1/43 8/20/43 559.72 bus, Miss. Air Base, Jackson, Miss. 3/21/41 Alfred B. Friend, Volz W -1106-eng-5253. Construction of cantonment, { 1,515,090.00 } s 3zll/41 Individual, co- 4/3/41 8/15/41 11/10/41 1, 731, 129. 75 Construction Co., Rock Key Field, Meridian, Miss. 6 63,175. 00 partner~. in- Citv Construction Co., dividual. Flint-Jordan Construe- tion Co., Jackson, Miss. 5/19/43 Glenn & Hamilton, Hat· W -659:eng-5059. _ Greenville, Miss., Army air- 31, 223. 85 a 5/17/43 Partnership .•. (l) 8/23/43 11/1/43 31, 196. 16 tiesburg, Miss. field-addition to AAF ware· house building. {Construction of Camp Jackson {M. T. Ree(o1 Construction }1, 459, 710. 00} 1/10/41 } W -110&-eng-5151. Army Air Base, Jackson, 9 12/31/40 _____ do._------2/3/41 6/25/41 1/11/43 2, 639, 983. 84 Co., Belzoni, Miss. Miss. ·(fixed fee). 62,000.00 {Construction of additional facil- ities, Mississippi Ordnance 831, 996. 00} 2/21/45 _____ do .• ______{W -01-076-eng- 0 23, 160. 00 3/6/45 9/4/45 8/30/46 1, 083, 449. 06 2h2/45 _____ do. ______----_------· 951. Plant, Flora, Miss. . }

Total, Reed Con· ----- ... -..... ------...... -...... ------...... ------... ---- .. ------3, 723, 432. 90 struction Co. ------3/'i.0/42 Mississippi Plumbing & W -1106-eng-5779. Plumbing a.t Key Field, Merid- 4, 965.00 3/20/42 Partnership .•• 3/20/42 3/31/42 5/14/42 4, 965.00 Heating Co ., Meridian, ian, Miss. Miss. Grand totaJ. ______------·--·------... ------...... ----- ...... - ...... --- .. -- ...... ---- ...... ------...... 25, 932, 361. 55

1 Per month. 2 Dates negotiations started not available as subcontracts negotiated by prime contractors. a Date of opening· of bids. · • Complete information not available. 1 Date or request for authority to award. • Fixed fee . 7 Date of contract. a Date of request for authority to negotiate. 9 Date of quotation from contractor. 10 Various unit pricef. 11 $1.25 per day each. 12 $G and $8 per hour. APPENDIX n On April 16, 1945, he returned to my office pains were so severe that be tried to relieve SEPTEMBER 3, 1942, for treatment. The diagnosis at that time them by drinking alcoholic intoxicants. He Hon. F. T. NEwToN, was arthritis, cardiac hypertrophy, and was admitted by the Vicksburg Infirmary Care oj Greenville Hotel, chronic morphinism. He was sent to the again for treatment on --- for acute alco­ Greenville, Miss. Vicksburg Infirmary April 1945. At the in­ holism. I suggested to him to allow me to DEAR FELIX: Senator BILBO called me,from firmary he was treated for arthritis and neu­ give him the reduction treatment again for Washington last night and asked me to get ritiF: and,, at his request, he was given a re­ this narcotic habit but he said he could not in touch with you and ask you to meet with duction treatment from morphine, which the tal~e it as he was suffering too much and he us next Monday afternoon, September 7. chart at the Vicksburg Infirmary will bear left the institution. Some time later he out. came to me and asl~ed me if it was possible Senator will be here in the Royal or down On April 22, 1945, according to my office at the Edwards and will be very much dis­ for him to get a Government permit to pro­ records, he returned to my office April 22, cure enough morphine to relieve his suffer­ appointed if you are unable to see him at 1945, at which time he was given a prescrip­ that time. ing. I told him that I was under the impres­ tion of vitamin B 10 milligrams salicynal and sion that if he could get two or three licensed With kindest personal regards, I am gell tabs, 50,000 units vitamin D to the Sincerely your friend, physicians to certify that he needed a cer­ capsule. tain amount I thought the Narcotic Division A. B. FRmNn, Subsequently, Carr was treated at the in­ Room 300, Royal Hotel. would grant this permit. When he returned firmary and his next visit to my office was he told me· that the doctors who had treated June 25, 1945. At this time he was given a him for years were either dead or in the Army. , 1 APPENDIX III prescription of vitamin B1 cubic centimeter He said there was one doctor in Natchez, who FRIDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1946. daily hypodermically, 100 milligrams to the had treated him, who .had agreed to give him I, Dr. A. J. Podesta, make the following cubic centimeter. the certificate. He later brought the doctor's On October 8, 1945, I treated him in my voluntary statement to Joseph M. Mannix, office for coryza-head cold-he was given a certificate to me and, to the best of my knowl­ member of the general counsel staff of the cough sirup. edge and belief, the doctor certified that due United States Senate War Investigating Com­ to arthritis and neuritis and the cardiac con­ mittee. This statement is made by me vol­ I have not treated Carr at any other time dition, and, I think, an asthmatic condition untarily and without any threats or promises. except 1921 and 1922 when he came to my office at Natchez and, to the best of my that he, the doctor, felt that this man should I have known John C. Carr all my life. I knowledge, he was suffering from arthritis have morphine to relieve his suffering and was born and reared in Natchez and went to and neuritis. the condition of his health, and I concurred high school with his two brothers in Natchez, Carr, by his statement to me and to the in that opinion. And also taking into con­ Miss. best of my knowledge, had made several at­ sideration the man's age, the length of time From my records, which I am using to re­ tempts in institutions to break the narcotic in this condition, his numerous attempts to fresh my memory, I have had the following habit, twice that I know of personally, when overcome the morphine habit, and the small professional contact with Jack Carr: I treated him at the Vicksburg Infirmary. He amount he asked for daily, I felt I was justi­ On August 8, 1944, Jack visited me in Vicks­ claimed that after each of these treatments fied in certifying, with the doctor in Natchez, burg for examination and treatment. My that he took, that in a short time the arthritis that he should have this small amount daily. examination on August 8, 1944, showed that and neuritis pains returned and that he suf­ I asked him how much it would take for him he was suffering from multiple neuritis and fered from shortness of breath. After the to , keep himself comfortable and he replied arthritis. He was given by me at this time first time I had him in the Vic1tsburg In­ 2 or 3 grains. A small amount like this for vitamin B tablets and darthernol. He re­ firmary he was given the reduction treatment an addict of 45 years' duration was out of turned to my office in Vicksburg August 20, for the morphine habit, of which he had the ordinary. 1944, at which time I prescribed the same taken only small doses. He, on returning Mr. Carr asked me if it was possible, through treatment. to me, stated that the arthritis and neuritis my influence, to get Senator BILBO to expedite ' 90 CO~GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 the getting of this permit for him. I told APPENDIX IV In August 1945, Mr. Carr requested that I him I would be very glad to take the matter The fo~lowing statement was obtained from give him a statement as to his physical con­ up with Senator BILBO and ask the Senator John A. Carr, of Natchez, Miss., on December dition as he wanted to try to get permission to do what he could in his behalf. Later I 22, 1946, by Joseph M. Mannix, investigator for a small amount of narcotic sufficient to contacted the Senator's office for Jack Carr. for the Special Committee Investigating the keep him on his feet. I gave Mr. Carr this I am not sure but I believe I contacted Ed National Defense Program. This was exe­ statement. In October 1945, a letter from Terry. cuted in longhand by Mr. Carr: the Bureau of Narcotics was received stating When Carr returned to Vicksburg and told that sufficient evidence had been submitted "I am 63 years of age; have been user of indicating a medical need of morphine for me he had gotten his permit, ·and said that drugs for 35 years at least, during whiph time he wanted to do something for Senator BILBO, :Mr. Carr and that the Bureau had no objec· I have taken cures a number of times, twice tion to same being prescribed for him. Since and asked me what he could do, I told him at· Cavington, La., Youngs Sanatorium, once _ that Senator BILBo was endeavoring to com­ that time, I have given Mr. Carr weekly pre­ in New Orleans, onceo in Jackson State Hos­ scriptions for morphine. plete the church and parsonage at his home, pital pay ward, twice in Vicksburg, treatment and Carr gave me $1,000 to give to Senator I am not sufll.ciently acquainted with Mr. by Dr. A. J. Podesta. After each time my Carr's financial affairs to give an estimate BILBO for the Juniper Grove Baptist Church trouble with short-breathing arthritis and and parsonage. of his financial condition. As far as I know, other troubles coming back so I could not he has always paid his obligations. A day or so later I heard that Senator !BILBO stand it. I left hospital on second treatment, was ip. Jackson. I drove to Jackson, went As to a questioned exchange of money sup• but later came back asking if something posedly to have taken place about this time, to the Royal Hotel, went.up to his room, where could not be done for me. Dr. Podesta stated there were two or three other men in the room I have no knowledge whatsoever. he thought the law was if I could get two or J. G. LOGAN, M.D. with him, whose names I do not know. Those more physicians that had treated me give me present were strangers to me. I had the a letter stating my condition he would try OCTOBER 21, 1946. money ($1,000) in an envelope in 10 $100 and help me. I got a letter from Dr. Logan, bills. I put the envelope eit.her on the bed Han. THEODORE FRANCIS GREEN, of Natchez, who had treated meo a number of United States Senate, or the dresser and said to the Senator here is times. · something I was given for the church funds - Washington, D. C. and I left the room. To the best of my "I then went back to Vicksburg showing DEAR SENATOR q-REEN: Thank you for your knowledge and belief the Senator left the Dr. Podesta the letter, and he promised to communication of October 8, 1946, addressed next morning for his home in Poplarville or help me. I came back to Natchez, and some to Senator Mead, wherein you transmitted for Washington, D. C. time later Dr. Logan told me he had received !'\copy of the communication which was sent I wish to state there was no money arrange- a permit to treat-me. I was glad to hear it as to you by former :Bepresentative Ross Col· . ment made with Carr at any time by me, I candidacy for 4. By custom, tradition, and precedent, tions of only $4,543 and expenditures of $10,- the Senate. Hence, the matter is one of pub­ and because of the absence of an organized 088. Shortly after I made the public charges lic record and an investigation of the record or effective party of opposition to the Demo­ relative to the $25,000 there was some· in­ will disclose all of the information that I cratic Party of Mississippi within that State, timation that the money might have gone have and perhaps more, and since the Mead Senator THEODORE G. BILBO is assured of his to Wall Doxey's campaign fund. Mr. Doxey committee is a committee set up to investi­ reelection to the office ·of United States Sen­ was interviewed-in Washington by the Com­ gate the national defense program and is a ator from Mississippi ·and, indeed, will face ·mercial Appeal, Washington Bureau, and on well-staffed committee with an ample force no opposition candidate in the general · June 1, 1946, a dispatch was released'quoting of investigators and attorneys, and since election. Doxey as saying he never saw the checks, Newton &· Glenn were defense building con­ 5. During the aforesaid ·primary and up to never heard anything about them until re­ tractors and this company paid to a United and including July 2, 1946, the date of the cently, and that the money was not put into States Senator a large amount of the com­ election thereof, Senator THEODORE G. BILBO his campaign fund. It is my information pany's assets upon which the company must conducted an aggressive and ruthless cam­ that Lee Hall, Mr. Doxey's State campaign have ·made a profit, it seems to me that the paign for his reelection to the office of United manager in this primary, takes the same records of the bankruptcy proceedings should States Senator from Mississippi with the position. be carefully scrutinized by the Mead com­ purpose, object, design, and calculation to "Last night BILBO, in addition to saying mittee so that the record facts as they exist effectively deprive and deny the duly quali­ that this $25,000 went into Wall Doxey's may be revealed. fied Negro electors of Mississippi of their con­ 1942 campaign fund, made charges that in­ Very truly yours, stitutional rights, privileges, and immunities volve my personal honor and int~grity. He Ross A. COLLINS. to register and vote and otherwise legally charged that there -was a deficit in my cam­ participate in the said primary election. paign expenses in the 1942 primary and that Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, I 6. Because, amongst other things, Senator approximately $14,000 of this $25,000 was heard the debate this morning, and the THEODORE G. BILBO has been notorious in his given to me to take care of my campaign Senator from New Mexico [Mr. HATCH] hostility toward the Negro people and has deficits. This is a lie out of the whole cloth. asserted, as I recall, that no charges exercised all his energies to keep the Negro No one gave me, or anyone else with my people in a subordinate and servile status, against Senator BILBO are pending before knowledge, one dime to cover a campaign and because he has become a symbol of op­ deficit or for any other purpose, nor was the Senate. I myself doubt that the pression and reaction against the Negro peo­ such a matter discussed. There were no Special Committee Investigating the Na­ ple in the estimation of the people of the deficits in my campaign. On the day of the tional Defense Program had any juris­ United States, and particularly in the esti­ first primary all of my expenses had been diction of this matter; that is, so far as mation of the Negro people of the United paid and I owed nothing. The reports that using it as a basis for stopping a Senator States, Senator THEODORE G. BILBO had were made by me, as required by law, cor­ at the door. knowledge or reason to know that the over­ rectly reflect my contributions and expendi­ whelming majority of duly qualified Negro tures. Further, I was then a Member of Con­ I grant that the hearings, and all the electors of Mississippi, totaling approximate­ gress from the Fifth Congressional District matters contained in them, can form the ly 500,000 persons, would vote in the said of Mississippi. Immediately after the first basis of a charge to be preferred in the primary election in opposition and adversely prim-ary I returned to washington to resume future, and referred to the proper com- to the candidacy of Senator THEODORE G. 92 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE · JANUARY .4 BILBo; and it was the intention of Senator during the said primary election; and the (h) Has subscribed and subscribes to prin­ THEODORE G. BILBO to frustrate, SUppreSS!, Negro people of "Mississippi, especially the ciples, ideas, and philosophies of government stifle, and overcome the opposition of th~ duly qualified Negro electors of Mississippi, which are alien, repugnant, and inimical tO duly qualified- Negro electors to the candi­ were placed in a state of fear, terror, coercion, the principles, ideas, ~nd philo~ophies upon dacy of Senator THEODORE G. BILBO in the and duress to the extent that the overwhelm­ which the -Government of the United St ates aforesaid primary, and thus etiectively to ing majority of the duly qualified Negro elee­ and the States of the Union are founded; and deprive and deny these electors of their con­ tors of Mississippi were discouraged, frus­ (i) Has fostered, stim\llated, inspired, an~ stitutional rights, privileges., and immunities trated, suppressed, stifled, fettered, and over­ encouraged conflict, division, and disunit:Y to register and vote and otherwise legally come in exercising or attempting to exercise amongst t):le Am~rican people by pitting race participate in the said primary election. their constitutional rights, privileges, and against -race •. relig_ion against religion, an~ 7. In order to accomplish and etiectuate immunities to register and vote, or to vote if nationality groups against other nationality the aforesaid purpose, object, design; and already registered, or to otherwise lawfully groups; and calculation, and to carry out his intention, participate in the said primary election; and (j) Has brought the august and honorable Senator THEODORE G. BILBo-- under the circumstances, such fear, terror, United States Senate into contempt, ridicule, ( 1) Engaged in and inspired systematic coercion, and duress, followed by the action and disrepute; and · and continuous attacks upon the Negro race or inaction above described, were reasonable (k) Has been and now is a member of the in general and upon the Negro populatien of and reasonably justified. Ku Klux Klan, a secret, conspiratorial, and Mississippi in particular, and especially 11. By reason of the foregoing, anq as a illegal organization with past conn~ctions against the duly qualified Negro electors of direct or proximate consequence of the suc­ with known enemies of the United States of Mississippi; these attacks were accompanied cessful accomplishment and etiectuation of America, to wit: the German-American Bund, by and took the form of vituperative, insult­ the purpose, object, design, and calculation and has subscribed and still subscribes to the ing, abusive, and slanderous statements, of Senator THEODORE G. BILBO, and the SUC­ principles and actions of the said Ku Klux holding up the Negro race in general and the cessful carrying out of his intention as afore­ Klan·, which has committed acts of lynching, Negro population of Mississippi in particu­ said, the election of Senator THEODORE G. near-lynching, assaults and batteries, fals·e lar, especially the duly qualified Negro elec­ BILEO as the Democratic candidate for the and unlawful detentions, and other crimes of tors of Mississippi, to hatred, opprobrium, United States Senate from Mississippi was violence and intimidation; and contempt, and ridicule. and is illegal, void, and contrary to law, and (1) Has demonstrated his unfitness t6 ~old (2) Exhorted, agitated, and made" infiam­ such election was and is tainted and penne­ the honorable position of a United States matory appeals to the passions and prejudices ated with fraud, duress, and illegality. The Senator. of the white population of Mississippi to saidelection of Senator THEODORE G. BILBO i4. Annexed hereto and inade part of this foster, stiiifulate, inspire, create, and in­ was not free or unfettered, but, on the con­ petition, marked "Exhibit 1," and in sub-· tensify a state.of a<:ute and aggravated ten:­ trary, was achieved by force and violence and stantiation and documentation of the allega:­ sion between the white and Negro races in the use of criminal, extralegal, and illegal tions of this petition, are excerpts of state­ the State of Mississippi, and utilized and tactics and in wanton disrespect and disre­ ments, speeches, and writings of Senator directed this acute and aggravated racial ten­ gard and in derogation of the rights, privi­ THEODORE G. BILBO made during the afore- sion for narrow, selfish, and political pur­ leges, and immunities of citizens of the said primary campaign. · poses, to wit, to prevent and -deny the duly United States under the United States Con­ 15. Annexed hereto and made part of thiS qualified Negro elector~ of Mississippi from stitution, particularly the fifteenth amend­ petition, marked "Exhibit 2," and in sub­ exercising or attempting to exercise their con­ ment thereof, and of the laws of the United stantiation and documentation of the allega­ stitutional rights, privileges, and immunities States in such cases made and provided, and tions of this petition, is a photostatic copy of ·to register and vote or otherwise lawfully of the decisions of the Supreme Court of the a radio interview between Senator THEODORE participate in the said primary election; and United States, as well as in violation of the G. BILBO and certain newspapermen, held on (3) With willful intent, individually and laws and statutes of the State of Mississippi. August 9, 1946, over the l\4utual Broadoasting, tn concert with others, advocated, counseled, 12. Except for the fraud, duress, illegality, System on Meet-the-Press program. · inspired, encouraged, incited, aided, and force, and violence, as above alleged, the 16. Anriexed hereto and made part of this abetted the white population of Mississippi overwhelming majority of the' duly qualified petition, marked "Exhibit 3," and in furthe'r to commit acts of violence and intimidation Negro electors of Mississippi would have voted against the Negro 'population of Mississippi, substantiation and documentation of the al­ and especially against the duly qualified in opposition and adversely to the said can­ legations of this petition, are photostatic Negro electors of Mississippi, so as to "dis­ didacy of Senator THEODORE G. B~LB O and copies of statements of Negro residents of courage, frustrate, suppress, stifie, and over­ their votes would have material1y atiected the Mississippi, indicating instances and descrlb.­ come the desire and intention of the duly result of the said primary election and would ing occurrenc~s of acts of violence and in­ qualified Negro electors of Mississippi of exer­ have resulted in the defeat of Senator THEO­ timidation by white residents of Mississippi, cising or attempting to exercise their consti­ DORE G. BILBO, or, at least, would have re­ including white public officials of the State tutional rights, privileges, and immunities to sulted in the failure or inability of Senator of Mississippi, acting under color of law, register and vote or otherwise lawfully par... THEODORE G. BILEo in securing a majority of against Negro residents of Mississippi and ticipate in said primary election. the votes cast and officially counted in said showing the acts of vioJence and intimida­ primary election, thus necessitating a run-oti, tion practiced against the Negro residents of 8. The conduct, acts, and statements of Senator THEODORE G. BILBO and the acts Of which, in all reasonable probability, waul~ Mississippi, including the duly qua:Iified Negro have resulted in the defeat of Senator THEO­ electors of Mississippi and showing further violence and intimidation against the Negro DO?. E G. BILBO. people of Mississippi, as described above, and the fraud and illegality practiced against the accomplished as hereinafter set forth, were 13. By his conduct, acts, and words, and by duly qualified Negro electors of Mississippi. reason of the foregoing, Senator THEODORE The originals of these statements are in the crimes against and violations of the criminal G. BILBo- . . statutes and laws of the United States of possession and files of the CivirRights Con­ America and the State of Mississippi. (a) Has violated his oath of office of United gress, 205 East Forty-second Street, New States Senator to support and uphold the York, N. Y., which directed, supervised, and 9. As a direct or proximate consequence of Constitution of the United States and its participated in the collection of these state- the conduct, acts, and statements of Senator laws; ments. · THEODORE G. BILBo, as above alleged, whole­ (b) Cannot reasonably be relied upon sale incidents of attacks by white residents i~ Mr. President, I wish to call attention of Mississippi upon Negro residents of Mis­ the future to support and uphold the Con­ sissippi opcurred throughout the State of stitution of the United States and its laws; tQ the last sentence I read, which is Mississippi during the said primary campaign, and strictly in accord with the statement including acts of violence and intimidation (c) Cannot reasonably be relied upon in made by me a while ago. The language against duly qualified Negro electors ' of the future to honor the oath of office required I just read is as fol-lows: Mississippi; these attacks and acts of violenc_e to be made by United States Senators to sup­ The originals of these statements are in the and intimidation were willfully and wantonly port and uphold the Constitution of the possession and files of the Civil Rights Con­ perpetrated (a) by white residents of the United States and its laws; and gress, 205 East Forty-second Street, New State of Mississippi, acting individually or in (d) Has advocated, counseled, inspired, en­ York, N. Y., which directed, supervised, and furt.herance of a conspiracy with others or couraged, incited, aided, and abetted in the participated in the collection of these state­ with Senator THEODORE G. BILBO, to deprive violation of the laws of the United States and ments. and deny the qualified Negro electors of the State of Mississippi; and Mississippi of their constitutional rights, · (e) Has exhibited a crass, wanton, and I continue to read: privileges, and immunities to register and shocking disrespect and disregard for the con­ Other and additional statements showing vote or otherwise lawfully participate in the stitutional rights, privileges, and immunities and describing similar occurrences against said primary election, and (b) by white pub­ of the United States citizens to exercise their other duly qualified Negro electors of Mis... lic officials of the State of Mississippi, acting political franchise to vote in elections for sissippi are in the possession and file of the under color of law, with like willfulness, public offices; and wantonness, intent, and purpose. Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. (f) Has demonstrated a cynical contempt Wherefore the undersigned respectfully pe- 10. As a result of the foregoing the Negro for the orderly processes of government; and tition and request: · people of Mississippi, especially the duly (g) Has endangered and undermined the (1) The appropriate Senate committee or qu ~lifi ed Negro electors of Mississippi, were found a~i ons of orderly and democratic gov­ committees to conduct a full, fair, and fear­ subjected to a campaign and reign of terror ernment; and less investigation into the allegations of this 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 93 petition and the charges contained therein; I continue reading from -the report of Mr. President, as I indicated a while and the committee. This is one of the affi­ ago, I have read this petition for the pur­ (2) In connection with such investigation davits: pose of attempting to advise the Senate to hold public hearings in and throughout the State of Mississippi and in Washington, STATE OF MISSISSIPPI, what the charges were. There is not one D. C., wherein witnesses shall be summoned County of Hinds: single, solitary line in the petition re­ to testify and give evidence under oath, and Personally appeared before me, the under­ specting any charge of fraud, or any such other evidence, including the taking of signed authority in and for the county and charge as to funds spent during the cam­ depositions, as is material, relevant, and per­ State aforesaid, the within-named Louis C. paign. The petitioners have based their tinent be incorporated in the record; and Wilchan, Arthur Hick, Rev. James Young, Julia Mae Hicks, R. S. Lyells, D. T. Hall, case solely on the ground that Senator (3) Upon the basis of the allegations of Rev. M. H. Bailey, M. A. Dixon, Stevelle BILBO, by word of mouth and otherwise, this petition and the charges contained there­ Adams, Ozella Cox, John M. Bates, T. B. intimidated Negro voters of Mississippi in and· the documentary evidence submitted to such an extent that it is said that by herewith, and any further evidence which Wilson, A. J. Noel, M. J. Lyells, James A. may be disclosed as a result of the aforesaid Moore, Jr., Guy Cox, Percy Greene, W. A. virtue of that fact hia election is tainted investigation and hearings, the appropriate Bender, Rev. F. W. Lee, W. R .. Wrenn, each with fraud and duress, and that he and all of whom, after being by me first duly should be denied his seat in the Senate. Senate ·committee or committees having sworn, stated on oath that the matters and jurisdiction over the matters herein set forth, . things set out in the foregoing petition are · In the course of this debate I propose report and recommend to the Senate of the true to the best of their knowledge, · infor­ to acquaint the Senate .with much of the United States that Senator THEODORE G. mation, and belief. evidence which our committee obtained BILBO be impeached and removed from his in the State of Mississippi, and is con­ seat as the United States Senator from Mis­ Sworn to and subscribed before me this the lOth day of September 1946. tained in these four volumes. I am sure sissippi and that the election of Senator VELMA E. WILSON, THEODORE G. BILBO as the Democratic nomi­ that the Senate will be impressed with Notary Public. the manner and method in which the nee for the office of United States Senator My commission expires August 21, 1949. from Mississippi be declared null and void, committee' discharged its duty and with contrary to law, and tainted with fraud, I read another affidavit: the effort put forth by each and every duress, illegality, force, and violence, and member of . the committee to go to the that a new election be held for such office; STATE OF MISSISSIPPI, County of Pike: bottom of these charges and to obtain and .Personally appeared before me, the under­ every bit of information which could in (4) The Senate of the United States im­ signed authority in and for the county and peach Senator THEODORE G. BILBO and remove any manner affect the election of the State aforesaid, the .within-named Joseph A. Senator from Mississippi. him from his office as United States Senator Smith, Mrs. L. W. Alford, each and all of from Mississippi and declare his election as whom, after being by me first duly sworn, · · I shall, in the course of this ·debate, the Democratic nominee for the office of stated on oath that the matters anc\ things make known to the Senators what proof United States SPnator from 'Mississippi-to be set out in the foregoing petition are true to was adduced, the manner and method of null and ~oid, contrary to law, and tainted the best of their kn0wledge, information, and ·obtaining it, and the extent to which we with fraud, duress, illegality, force, and vio­ belief. endeavored to go to the bottom of all the lence, and deny to Senator THEODORE G. Sworn to and subscribed before me this charges. BILBO any and all privileges, rights, and im;. the 12th day of September 1946. . munities which he may possess by virtue of Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, will (SEAL) MARGARET SMITH, the Senator yield? being elected United States Senator from the Notary Public. State of Mississippi for the term commencing My commission expires August 16, 1948. Mr. ELLENDER. I yield to the Sen­ January 1, 1947, and also deny Senator THEO­ ator from South Carolina. DORE G. BILBO the right to subscribe to the Then follows another affidavit: oath of office for such new· term as United Mr. MAYBANK. I wish to ask the dis­ States Senator from Mississippi and other­ STATE OF MISSISSIPPI, tinguished Senator if it is not his opin•1n wise to refuse to seat Senator THEODORE G. County qf Hinc~ s: that the laws of Mississippi were com­ Personally appeared before me, the under­ plied with in the election, and that while BILBO as the United States Senator fTom Mis­ signed authority in and for the county and sissiPili for such new term . . State aforesaid, the within-named James .the committee made a thorough.investi­ Dated: State of Mississippi, September Rundles, Robert Cornelius, Roosevelt Terry, gation of the charges, nevertheless it 1946. . Stanley C. White. Earl H. Hoey, Daniel Ma­ went to Mississippi not only to investi­ Louls C. Wilcher, Arthur Hicks, Rev. Gee, Cleophus Murphy, Willie Black Lark, gate Senator BILJJO, but to investigate the . James Young, Julia Mae Hicks, Jonas P. Dawson, Floyd L. Coy, Willie. Terry, R. S. Lyells, D. T. Hall, Rev. M. H. degree of compliance with the laws of the John Henry, Herman Pickett, Albert Cooper, sovereign State of Mississippi. In the Bailey, M. A. Dixon, Stevelle A. B. Stewart, Linford Lane, Robert Hudson, Adams, Ozena Cox, John M. Bates, general election there was no opposition Osie Simms, Leo M. Jones, J. C. Wilson, Wil­ whatsoever to Senator BILBO. In the T. B. Wilson, A. J. Noel, M. J. son Idlebird, John B. Terry, James Blake, Lyells, James A. Moore, Jr., Guy James Cornelius, Norman Haymer, John D. primary, in addition to others who had Cox, Percy Greene, W. A. Bender, Pruitt, Jr., Kermit W. Bryant, Sampson suggested to the colored people that they Rev. F. W. Lee, W. R. Wrenn, Cleveland, Tom J. Borden, John L. Henry, refrain from voting the colored leaders Joseph A. Smith, Mrs. L. W. Alford. Thomas Knox, Glover Moore, each and all themselves had told them not to vote be­ Then follow affidavits taken by the of whom, after being by me first duly sworn, cause if they did they would in a sense various signers of the petition. As I stated on oath that the matters and things be disenfranchised for. 2 years. In 1948 set out in the foregoing petition are true to there will be a Presidential election and indicated a while ago, this petition was the best of their knowledge, information, and if they had voted this year they would be signed allegedly by Mississippians, but I belief. believe the record will disclose that no Sworn to and subscribed before me this forced to vote the Democratic ticket in one of the signers of the petition was the 13th day of September 1946. 1948. Perry Howard, the colored Re­ acquainted with any of the charges that (SEAL) VELMA E. WILSON, publican leader in Mississippi, had also were preferred in the petition. They Notary Public. requested them not to vote. signed on information and belief. My Commission expires August 21, 1949. Mr. ELLENDER. I desire to say to my As the petition itself shows, the data James Rundles, Robert Cornelius, Her­ distinguished colleague from South Caro­ which formed the basis of it were pre­ man Pickett, James Beal, Jr., lina that he has rather anticipated me, Roosevelt Terry, Albert Cooper, because I intend to go into this matter pared by the Civil Rights Congress, of James Cornelius, Stanley C. White, New York.· That organization sent its A. B. Stewart, Norman Haymer, very thoroughly. agents scouring throughout the State Earl F. Hoyt, Lunford Lane, John As I shall show during the course of of Mississippi, and all the affidavits, all D. Pruitt, Jr., Daniel Magee, Robert this debate, Perry Howard, the Republi­ the charges, and all the information that Hudson, Kermit W. Bryant, Cleo­ can national committeeman of Missis­ was dug up or found by the members of phas Murphy, Ocie Lee Simms, sippi, published notices in certain news­ that organization or persons· sent to rep­ Sampson Cleveland, Willie Black­ papers in tlie State of Mississippi advo­ resent them was furnished to the com­ hart, Lee M. Jones, Arthur J. Bar­ cating that the colored voters of Missis­ low, J. P. Dawson, J. C. Wilson, mittee, and we in turn then started our John L. Henry, Floyd Lloy, Wilson sippi keep away from the polls on July work. We sent investigators to Mis­ Idlebird, Thomas Knox, Willie 2. To my way of thinking, that had sissippi to comb the State in an effort Terry, John B. Ter:7, Glover some effect. I dare say it had more to find out what it was all about. Moore, John Henry. effect than anything that Senator BILBO 94 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .JANUARY 4 ever dreamed of saying. As I shall show ator THEODORE G. BILBo's July Democratic cratic priml\ry, especially with regard to the nomination was tainted with fraud, duress, difficulty of the Negroes in registering and during the course of this debate, the and illegality. - The complaint in question, voting. · statements of Senator BILBO had no ef­ which bears the signatures of 24 Negroes to According to the 1940 census, there were fect in keeping the voters away from the. the petition, as well as photostatic copies of 1,106,327 whites and 1,074,578 Negroes resid­ polls in Mississippi. On the contrary, I 24 affidavits, demands an investigation with ing in Mississippi, and in some counties the thfnk the record will show that in some a view to having Senator BILBO denied his ratio is nearly 3 to 1 in the Negroes favor. instances it stimulated ~any of the vot­ seat in the United States Senate on the Approximately 200,000 Mississippians served ers to accept the challenge of Senator grounds that his nomination was secured by in the armed forces in the last war, about force and violence, and the use of criminal equally divided between both races. No ac­ BILBO. extra-legal and illegal tactics, which pre­ curate figures on illiteracy are obtainable. Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, :Will vented Negroes from participating in the Attached to this report, as exhibit C, is a the Senator yield? party primary. The original of this com­ copy of the official election returns for Mr. ELLENDER. I yield. plaint is in the possession ang files of the United States Senator from the State of Mis­ Mr. MAYBANK. I merely wanted to Civil Rights Congress, 205 East Forty-second sissippi of the primary held on July 2, 1946, make certain that the Senator from Street, New York, N. Y., which directed, to which we have added the total votes cast Louisiana and I understand the record in supervised, and participated in the collection by counties, as well as the white and colored the same way. It shows that the Re­ of the statements contained in the com­ population by counties, on the basis of the plaint, while other and additional statements publican national committeeman and 1940 census returns. are in the pm:;session and files of the Depart­ During the course of this investigation other colored leaders asked the colored ment pf Justice, Washington, D. C. interviews were had and statements were people not to vote, so that they would Pursuant to instructions received from the taken from legal residents of the following not be bound to vote the Democratic committee, the undersigned proceeded to 22 counties, representing a fairly good wide­ ticket in the future. When the Senator Jackson, Miss.: Messrs. H. B. Kiley and F. T. spread geographical coverage, in half of said July 2 he meant the primary elec­ Kelly- which official primary voting statistics are tion. They were asked not to vote in the given by color. Two good Irishmen- In the county of Adams, white population primaries, so that they would be free to arriving on September 24, 1946, and Mr: Roy vote the Republican ticket in the years 10,344; colored population 16,885; total reg­ A. Moon on October 2. istration 3,371; Negro registration 147; Ne­ to come. Although the minimum of cooper11tion groes who voted, none. Mr. ELLENDER. That is correct. was to be expected on an investigation of Claiborne County. White population That is exactly the reason, as I under­ this nature, involving as it did, among other 3,411; colored 9,398. Total registration and stand it. things, traditional deep-rooted racial issues, voting not given. · After the committee received the peti­ we did not anticipate a situation practically Copiah County. Whites, 16,107; colored, tion, which was sworn to by 30 citizens approximating a total lack of cooperation 17,863. Total registration and voting not with which we were actually confronted. given. . of the State of Mississippi, we submitted Difficulty was experienced in obtaining office it to our counsel. Counsel looked over · Forrest County. 23,963 whites. 10,935 space, equipment, .supplies, keys, post-office colored. - Registered and voting not given. it thoroughly and felt that there were box, and a safe depositary for documents, Grenada County. 7,934 whites; 11,113 col­ sufficient allegations made to· justify an etc., and our tireless efforts to obtain local ored. Registration and voting not given. secretarial help were fruitless, As a result, investigation. We immediately employed Hancock County. "8,955 whites~ '2,351 col­ three competent investigators. I, as we were compelled to take statements from ored. Total registration and voting not ac- chairman, invited all my colleagues on Negro witnesses in longhand at source, wher­ ever they could be located, who for obvipus· counted for. ' that committee, as .the Senator . from reasons, in many cases, did not deem it pru­ Harrison County. 40,742 whites; colored, South Carolina knows, to help me obtain dent to cooperate; also, upon instructions 10,046. Total registration, 11,000. Negroes the best investigators who could possibly from the committee, in ·order to avoid· pos­ registered, 340. Voting, 12. be obtained. We obtained the service~ sible repercussions in t~e form of allegations Hinds county. White population, 51,826; of a crackerjack investigato·r from Iowa, that Negroes had been induced to make colored population, 55,445. Total registra­ the State from which my distinguished statements by the offer of a trip to Jackson, tion, 27,386. Negro registration, 414. Ne­ groes voting, 195. colleague, Senator· HICKENLOOPER, comes. the State capital, and a per diem fee of $3- perfectly legal-no ·out-of-town · witnesses That investigator is a very competent were requested to appear at our office. While I am discussing Hinds Col.lnty. inan. He went to Mississippi with two On the day of our arrival in Jackson, Sen­ I desire to make a few remarks respect­ others. Those who investigated spent 6 ator BILBo took office space in room 512 of ing that county in particular. Hinds weeks in the State of Mississippi. They the Fetleral Building, making it necessary County happens to be the-county in Mis­ covered the whole State · and went for potential Negro witnesses to pass his office sissippi where the great city of Jackson, through practically every county in en route to our office in room 538. Very few the capital of the State, is located. In search of evidence ,in support of the alle­ witnesses actually came to our office in the that city there ·was a colored resident by gations contained in this petition. Those Federal Building, after the appearance of an article in the press entitled "BILBO Makes It the name ofT. B. Wilson, who was presi­ investigators wer'e aided, I believe, by the Easy for Senate Probers" (exhibit B), whose dent of the Mississippi Progressive Vot­ group which had previously made an in­ caption we definitely believe was a misnomer. ers' League, an .organization which had vestigation; and they were fprnished affi­ Wherever possible, persons mentioned in been formed by him and others. of his davits and the names and addresses of the complaint were sought out, interviewed, race in early 1945 for the express .pur­ such persons who could give information and statements were taken, if procurable. pose of educating the colored people of which would substantiate the charges We were in almost daily contact with Mr. that county to vote and to register. which had been preferred against Sen­ T. B. Wilson, president of the Mississippi Voters League, the complainant-· Vvilson testified-his·· testimony is in ator BILBO. After 6 weeks of strenuous -the record, and I shall read it after effort, the investigators made a report Mr. President, I desire -to say that it is awhile-that no effort was made to pre­ to the committee. That report I now my purpose to read to the Senate, after vent colored people from registering and hold in my hand. The written report a while, most of the testimony of Mr. . that no effort was made to prevent col­ itself, which I expect to read for the T. B. Wilson. I believe that after a ored people from voting. He said that benefit of the Senate, contains 13 pages, reading of the testimony ofT. B. Wilson as a matter of fact in a few instances and it is accompanied by quite a number it will be found that the majority report where a few colored people had been re­ of exhibits. Possibly for lack of time I reflects conditions in the State of Mis­ fused the right to register he advised shall not read all the exhibits, but I shall sissippi during the election of July 2. them to go back to the registrar, that he refer to a few of them. · I continue to read from the written accompanied some of them, • and that This report was made by the investi­ report of the investigators: these men were registered. · He said the gators, as I have said, after spending We were in almost dally contact with Mr. registrar had asked these applicants to 6 weeks of strenuous work in Mississippi. T. B. Wilson, president of the Mississippi go back home and learn a little . more reads as follows: rt Voters' League, the complainant, and through about their Government, and said that JACKSON, Miss., October 31, 1946. him received a wealth of valuable informa­ if they could answer the questions he This preliminary survey and report is tion, leads, etc. From these initial leads, as predicated upon a complaint d·ated Septem­ well as from other sources, we believe we were would register them. ·But Wilson testi­ ber 16, 1946 (exhibit A), received by the able to branch out and cover the State in fied in no uncertain terms, on more than committee from Mr. T. B. Wilson, 1087 Lynch such a manner as to make our investigation one occasion, that so far as he knew Street, Jackson, Miss., president of the Mis­ a fairly good cross section of conditions every colored man and woman who pre­ sissippi Progressive Voters League, that Sen- existing prior to and during the July 2 Demo- sented himself or hers-elf at the registra- 1947' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 95 tion office to be registered was registered, ent who said they had voted in the pri- tion, 4,501; Negro registration 19; voting, and everyone who presented himself or mary? · none. herself to vote on July 2 did vote. Mr. ELLENDER. Yes. Rankin County, white population 13,- There was no violence of any kind, Mr. MAYBANK. They also said they 260; colored population, 14,670; total reg­ and, as I have said, with ali the effort had taken the oath to uphold the laws of istration and voting record not available. put forth by T. B. Wilson, with all the Mississippi, and to support the nominee Sunflower County, white population effort put forth by a colored man by the in the general election? 17,465; colored, 43,477. That is but one name of Green, who was editor of the Mr. ELLENDER. That is true. county, with a ratio of almost 3 to 1 Jackson News, a colored newspaper, Mr. MAYBANK. They said, however, in favor of the colored. Total registra­ and, who said that for 7 years he had that they had not done ,so? ··· tion 7,715; Negroes regist~red, 35; voting, been attempting to educate the colored Mr. ELLENDER. That is correct. · · none. people of Mississippi to register and to Mr. MAYBANK. It is not a question, Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will vote-with all that effort, out of a total therefore, affecting only colored people? the Senator yield? population of 55,000 colored people, only Mr. ELLENDER. Oh, no. Mr. ELLENDER. I yield. 414 registered, and only 195 voted. Mr. MAYBANK. It affects white pea- Mr. EASTLAND. Sunflower County There was no sign of violence whatever ple, as well. There is a continual refer­ happens to be my home county. I know in Hinds County. Yet we were con- ence to the colored people. There were intimately all about the county, and I fronted with the allegation that the white witnesses present, as the Senator know that there was no coercion or in­ statements of Mr. BILBO, the language knows, representing several .different timidation of any kind in that county. he used, and all that, prevented the col- churches in Mississippi. Was there before the committee proof ored people from voting and registering Mr. ELLENDER. We had several that any Negro had been refused regis­ in the State of Mississippi. white witnesses who had voted, and who tration in Sunflower County? I am stating this in advance for the acknowledged that they had voted in the Mr. ELLENDER. I cannot answer di­ benefit of the Senate. I know Senators primary election, July 2. They had also rectly the Senator's question, but as I are listening, and I am going. to read to voted in the general · election, Novem­ recall there were a few such cases from them after a while the testimony ofT. B. ber 5. They claimed they had u:qwitting­ the delta section. Whether that was in. Wilson. ly violated the law of Mississippi by not Sunflower County or in some ··other Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, will supporting BILBO, because. every Demo- county in that· section, I cannot tell, at the Senator yield? ~ crat who voted in the primary on July ,2, · the moment. There were probably 10 or Mr. ELLENDER I yield. whether for BILBO or for someone else, 15 persons who applied for registration, Mr. MAYBANK. I merely wish tore- and who chose to vote in the general of whom several were refused, beeause mind the Senator that by the term reg- -election November 5, was obligated un­ of their inability to answer questions istration, as it is so often used, he means der the la\v of Mississippi to support and propounded; others were registered. Tegistering·in the party. vote for the Democratic nominee. Many Whether they were in Sunflower County Mr. ELLENDER. Under the Missis- of them violated that provision of the I cannot say. sippi law, as I understand it, I believe law. , Mr. EASTLAND. They were turned the record shows, it is not necessary to Before I began to comment on the down simply beca'use they were not quali­ declare a party affiliation, but the per- vote in. Hinds County, I was reading, at fied electors; is that not true? . son comes before the registrar and all he page 4, from the report of the three in­ Mr. ELLENDER. That was the testi­ need do in order to register is to sign vestigators that were sent by the corn­ mony, I would say, of the registrar; but . an oath. Then there is another portion mittee to the· State of Mississippi. As I quite a few questions were asked which of the registration law which states that indicated a while ago, Hinds County, with were probably beyond the purview of the when he comes to vote he can be chal- a white population of 51,826, and a col­ Mississippi law. As a matter of fact, lenged unless it can be shown that he ored population of 55,445, shows a total some :t;egistrars stated-at least one that did support the party for 2 years. registration of 27,386, of whom only 414 I remember in particular-that he made Mr. MAYBANK. That is correct. And were colored·; 195 voting. it a little hard for the colored people to one of the reasons why a larger number Jackson County shows a white popu- register. · - have been registered and a smaller num- lation of 16,214; ,colored, 4,160. Mr. EASTLAND. That was an isolated ber have voted, was not because of racial Jones County, a white population of instance. · trouble, but because they had to take an 35,061; colored, 14,088. In Jackson and Mr. ELLENDER. Yes; that Wfl.S one oath to support the Democratic Party Jones Counties the total registration is instance. He said that that practice had · for two further years. Is not that cor- not shown. been in effect in the State of Mississippi rect? Lauderdale, with a population of 35,435 for many· years. I do not have to tell the Mr. ELLENDER. I do not know. The white, 22,810 colored, shows a· total reg­ distinguished junior. Senator from Mis­ evidence on that point is a little bit con- istration of 12,000, of whom 188 were sissippi that since the State of Mississippi :fiicting. What I think the Senator has colored. Twenty-seven colored persons got rid of the carpetbaggers in the old in mind is in respect to the voting. voted. days the white citizens there drafted a Mr. MA YBANK. Voting is what I re- Leflore County shows a white popula- new constitution in 1890, or amended the ferred to. tion of 14,394; colored, 38,970, with a total existing constitution, so as to have con­ Mr. ELLENDER. There were quite a registration of 4,346, of whom 26 were trol in that State of its political destiny. number of colored people who presented colored. No colored person voted. Mr. EASTLAND. I should like to say themselves for voting and Who were chal- Lincoln County showed a white· popu­ to the Senator right there that what the lenged because of the fact that they did lation of 17,833; colored, 9,672; total Senator said is absolutely true. not declare, or, for some reason, could registration and vote not accounted for. Mr. ELLENDER. It is true of every not declare whether or not they had sup- Madison County, white population, Southern State. ported the party for 2 years. 8,787; colored, 28,711; total registration Mr. EASTLAND. And we are going to I may say further to the distinguished and vote not accounted for. see that it remains true; we are going to Senator that, as he will remember, the Marshall County, white populatLon, maintain that situation. evidence shows that the July 2 primary 7,556; colored population, 17,965; total Mr. ELLENDER. I believe other was the first primary in the State of Mis- registration 2,370; Negro registration 17; Southern States are going to follow the sissippi in which any serious effort was voting, 5. same pattern. made by the colored people of Missis- Newton County, total white popula­ Mr. EASTLAND. We are going to sippi to participate in a Democratic pri- tion, 15,528; colored population, 8,418; maintain that situation against all mary election. registration and voting record not avail- enemies, both domestic and foreign. Mr. MAYBANK. They have partici- able. Mr. ELLENDER. Yes. Every effort is pated in the general elections? Pearl River, white population, 14,973; now being made to do so. The situation Mr. ELLENDER. They have partici- colored, 4,152; registration and voting has been maintained in the past. I am pated, no doubt, in general elections. data not given. very hopeful that at some time in the Mr. MAYBANK. Aside from colored Pike County, white population 19,291; near future we can have a more enlight­ •.. l people, there were white witnesses pres- colored population, 1i,710; total registra- ened citizenry which will be qualified to ·96 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 vote. But it will take a considerable time for it. This I have done which accounts, in possible exception of two after the hearing part, for my heavy indebtedness. started, I have not requested to be sub­ to educate many individuals in Missis­ Beginning in 1912 wh.en I bought my first penaed a. witness in this case because I was sippi. Just. stop to think of the condi­ home of 160 acres at Poplarville, Miss., which willing to make out my ·defense by those tions which exist in some counties I have was bought on credit, I have from time te who were summoned by the committee who mentioned, where the colored population time bought land and built houses until to­ were supposed to have first-hand informa­ tops the white population in some in­ day I own about 3,300 acres of land with tion about all the facts and alleged char;;;es. stances by more than three to one. If about 20 tenant houses in addition to my I think it is fit and proper before I u n d ~ r­ the colored people were to be permitted dream house. In 1917 I borrowed money tak3 to discuss the alleged charges that I from the Federal Land Bank of New Or­ be permitted in all fairness to d iscuss and to vote "in those counties it would leans and at one time my debts to the Fed­ evaluate the two men who are more resp::n­ mean-- eral land bank amounted to over $23,000, sible than anyone else for bringing these false lVIr. EASTLAND. R:acial domination but I have been able to keep my payments charges to the attention of the Senp.te com­ in those counties. current and I have reduced this indebtedness mittee, and these two men are Ross A. Collins, Mr. ELLENDER. There is absolutely to about $13,000 and I have renegotiated this who filed with the Committee on Elections no question about that. That is some­ loan so that my annual payments are now and Privileges by letter the original charges thing which the South has been fighting cnry about $1,200 a year. -during the recent senatorial campaign in M:s­ against, as I have said, since carpetbag I borrowed my first money from the Bank sissippi, and my erstwhile secretary, Ed Terry, of Commerce, of Poplarville, in 1912 and in who has been so free with his wild, hazy, days, and I presume the South will con­ my first race for the State senate I increased .vicious, and traitorous hallucinations. tinue in its efforts against such domi­ that debt and today I owe this bank only But before I take up these two gentlemen nation. about $9,500. I have received salaries as for discussion I think it is fair to the com­ Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator from Governor of my State for 8 years and as mit tee to know that there are two groups Louisiana :ealizes that the mental level United States Senator for 12 years which in America that have sponsor·sd and waged of those people renders them incapable were more than enough to pay these two for many months a foolish and unjustifiable banks all I owed, but instead of paying them eampaign to unseat me as United States of suffrage. I have paid the banks interest at a reason­ Senator. Mr. ELLENDER. There is no ques­ able rate of interest and used the balance On November 27, 194.6, the National Asso­ tion about that. That is one of the of funds that I collected as a public official ciation for the Advancement of Colored Peo­ principal reasons why suffrage is not in my law practice, and in the sale of timber ple. issued a statement for release on Novem­ permitted. The Senator will remember and other property, in the purchase of more ber 29, 194.6, from New York City. This re­ that in the New England States it took lands, and for the improvement of same. lease was just before a hearing of the Ellen­ almost 250 years to get rid of witchcraft. My plan of operation and management was der committee at JaC' kson; Miss., which started We still have what amounts practically moving along fairly well until 1938 when I on the 2d day of December. The first and made a property settlement with my ex­ £econd paragraphs of this statement read as to voodooism among the colored people wife and had to borrow $21,750 for alimony. follows: in Louisiana. There is no question At that time I had practically no money at all ."NEw YoRK.-According to au unimpeach­ about that. except the meager savings from my salary as able southern source, profession'b..l race-bait­ Mr. ELLENDER subsequently said: Mr. United States Senator which you, gentlemen, ers. backing Senator THEODORE BILBO's fight Secretary, I ask unanimous consent, fol­ know is a very small amount after you pay to retain his seat in the upper House, were lowing my, remarks; that the statement all necessary expenses and demands that are nervously anticipating introduction of a made upo~ a Senator to malntain two homes. of Senator BILBO, of Mississippi, before heretofore closely guarded brief, prepared by I borrowed every dollar of the $21,750 and NAACP legal counsel, assisted by powerful the Special Committee To Investigate made a cash settlement with my ex-wife on the National Defense Program on De­ liberals with years of top-level Washington the 22d of July 1938. No one thought that exp~rience. This brief is·e:xpected to provide cember 19, 1946, be printed in the RECORD, I would be able to meet this large paymen y a sensational legal basis ·for the expulsion of together with his response to the report in a period of hard times, but in one week I the violently anti-NEgro, anti-Semitic Mis­ concerning alleged transactions between called up:m seven friends and every one .re­ sissippi demagog, when the hearings get him and various war contractors. sponded but one and I raised $22,000. An­ under way in Mississippi on Monday. At­ There being no objection, the matters other friend sent me $3,000 that I did. not torney Charles H. Houston, of Washington, referred to were ordered to be printed in need and I returned it the next day after the D. C., will represent the NAA0P during the the RECORD, as follows.: settlement of the divorce. My tug-of-war he~rings. since then has been to pay this $22,000 and "Attorney Houston, in Washington today, STATEMENT OF SENATOR BILBO, OF .MISSISSIPPI, at the same time keep up my other pay­ declared that it would probably require BEFORE THE SPECIAL SENATE COMMITTEE ments, always including taxes and insur­ special permission from the special commit­ INVESTIGATING THE .NATIONAL DEFENSE PRO­ ance and to continue the development and tt>e in· charge of the hearings before the lethal GRAM ON DECEMBER 19, 1946 improvement of my property. I have kept brief, which he considers a .p10st comprehen­ DECEMBER 19, 1946. satisfied the Bank of Commerce of Pop­ sive one in terms of legal and other pressing Gentiemen of the committee, this hearing larville and the Federal Land Bank of New elements, can be presented. In his opinion, has been in progress for 7 days, and I am Orleans and, while I have incurred other the NAACP brief will provide the most prac­ bold. to state, as a Senator of the United debts as I have struggled to pay the $22,000 tical basis for the Senate's right to act in States and as an attorney at law able to borrowed in payment of alimony, they have the unseating of BILBO. Mr. Houston is ex­ evaluate evidence, that all that the wit­ been largely with my life-long friends who pected to remain in Mississippi at least 1 nesses have been able· to establish is that are willing to wait until I have worked out week and perhaps 2. In addition to the I am a very poor man and heavily involved of my financial difficulties. brief, he will carry· a substantial amount of in debt, and that I received during all the I have never taken advantage of the bank­ photostatic material which he expects to aid periods that the investigation has covered rupt law, notwithstanding I had a partner materially in the action." but two Christmas gifts, one an automobile in the drugstore business at Wiggins, Miss., Now, the committee at Jackson, Miss., and the other living-room furniture consist­ that took involuntary bankruptcy in my 'Very properly permitted this "closely guarded ing of a sofa, three floor lamps, and two absence and without my knowledge or con­ brief" which was expected to provide a "sen­ table lamps. sent and I assumed the entire indebtedness sational legal basis" for my expulsion to be The evidence shows conclusively that every of the business after the partnership was de­ introduced and made a part of the record of assistance or service rendered to me, all of clared a bankrupt and paid it out by the that hearing. The title of this brief is "The which I am under obligations to repay, was month during the 4; years that I was Gov­ Case Against Bilboism," prepared by Charles given voluntarily and without any solicita­ ernor of Mississippi the first time. My M. LaFollette on October 21, 1946. You will tion on my part, with the possible exception "friends and those who know me know that understand that Mr. LaFollette is a Member of the money that I borrowed to make a while I may be delayed in paying what I of the House of Representatives f.rom the property settlement with my ex-wife. I hold owe that I finally arrive with the cash. State of Indiana and was defeated for the the legal title to considerable property, as the This hearing is reprehensible to me be­ Senate in the Republican primary by Senator evidence shows, but today I own only 120 cause there is involved in it a suggestion JENNER. acres with one house that is free of all that as United States Senator I have tried I want to call this committee's and the encumbrances whatsqever. to profit because of my official position ~ country's attention to a statement on page I want the committee to understand as United States Senator. I am not censuring 4U oi this much heralded piece of rotten they have uncovered all of my private affairs my colleagues, who have been called upon li.terature, "I want to poi~t out that presently that throughout my life I have operated upon with a list of absurd charges, because you there are two groups now l:lcting in campaigns the advice of a very successful old friend Bre doing just what I would do if I was· in to eliminate Senator BrLEO. One of them is of mine who told me when I was a young your position. The charges have been made an all-Negro group, which is headed by a man that if I ever expected to have anything by irresponsible parties and it becomes· your man about whom I think it is fair to say that for my old age I must buy and buy and buy duty to investigate. and find out the truth most recognized Negro leaders in America real estate and buy it on credit and then and I have tried in every way to help the believe can be justly charged with expedle11cy work like h-- the rest of my life to pay committee find · out the truth. With the on the basis of past performance. The otller 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA-TE 97 group includes Communist Party members majority over Collins in his home county ended. his career as a banker by wrecking a and quit e a few other people who have been was 1,876. Even Mr. Ellis received 1,305 to bank m Calhoun County, his home county, closely identified with Communist-front ac­ Collins' 1,137-even Ellis' majority was 168 where a grand jury indicted him six times, tivities." _over Collins in his own home county. To four for embezzlement and two for fraudu­ Without any reflection on this .committee show you how complete his condemnation lent loans. I understand that by making pay­ or any intimation that the committee is in­ and repudiation was in his old home district ments and m anipulations he was never tried fluenced or controlled by these two groups I that he represented 20 years in the Congress, on these charges. do want you to know that all the pressure where he was born and reared and known, One of the most horrible things that he _through press and radio that has sponsored there were 10 counties and the vote was as committed against me was to open a bank the campaign against me stems from these follows: account in the Jackson State National Bank two groups. These same groups are behind in my name, telling the banker that it was the now famous "Oust Bilbo" organization by The vote on July 2, 1946, in Ross Collins' old congressional district my account and no one could draw the money these same influences in New York. A copy out except himself, as agent, and BILBO as the of their announcement and letters I will in­ principal. When deposits to this accou nt troduce a little later in this statement. Bilbo Ellis Collins Total started coming in, the banlt called on him for These two groups care not hing about ------a signature card with my name. Of course, whether I received an automobile or incurred Clarke ____ ------____ 1, 131 310 193 1, 757 he knew he could not approach me because an indebt edness of $3,667.90 for building a Jasper __------1, 157 .547 328 2, 208 I would then discover his treachery but, when lake that I had planned for 12 years or more, _Kemper.------733 355 216 1, 443 the bank called on him for a signature card or anyt hing else involved in this investiga­ Lauderdale __ ------3, 013 1, 305 1,137 5, 865 Leake ______1,005 887 340 2,664 With my n ame, he sent the bank a facsimile tion. They want BILBO destroyed and un­ Nesboba ______1, 436 1,305 806 3,885 copy of my name to be pasted on the signa­ seated because of my convictions and ideolo­ Newton ------______1, 171 887 404 2, 695 ture card. He placed seven or eight thousand gies which are opposed to the great objec­ Scott._------980 £60 384 2, 462 dollars in this account and I never knew any­ tives of the all-out Negro groups and Com­ Simpson ____ ----- ___ _ 1, 442 725 201 2,633 Smith __--- ~ ------1,428 972 262 2, 955 thing about it until about the 2d day of De­ munist groups of America. cember of this year, although the account was These groups know that I have not been opened in 1939. He drew all the funds out of guilty of violating my oath as United States this account except about $200. The bank Senator by inciting violence against the Ne­ Because of Collins' campaign of lies and recently discovered that I knew nothing groes down in Mississippi. They know that about the account because I have never writ­ I did not do any more than Perry Howard, misrepresentations in making the charges upon which I am now being tried, and others; ten the bank, called the bank, had never been the Negro national committeeman of the in the bank, had never sent a deposit or Republican Party from Mississippi, who urged he has been the most thoroughly, com­ pletely, and everlastingly condemned, written a check on the account. He made all and pleaded with the Mississippi Negroes the deposits and wrote all the checks. He not to attempt to vote in Mississippi's recent damned, and repudiated man in the history of the State. The people of Mississippi have was all the time attempting to secure money Democratic primaries. They know that I am i'tnY way he could from people who were doing not guilt y of any acts involving moral tur­ already been appraised of all his charges in­ volved in this hearing and they were all dis­ business through my office. I trusted him as pitude. They know I have kept the record much as I ever trusted any man on earth and straight but they would unseat me because cussed fully and completely with the worst possible construction placed upon every never suspected him until I learned of a tele­ of my views and convictions on racial issues, gram he had supposedly sent to one of my all because I have been rather active and charge which resulted in the defeat of Mr. Collins and my exonerat ion from these constituents, telling him that if he would militant in insisting upon my convictions. send him $200 or $300 he would give him the They are not willing for me to enjoy free­ charges was complete by the people of Mis­ sissippi in my reelection in the first primary relief that my constituent was asking at my dom of speech as guaranteed by the Bill hand. of Rights. by a majority of 3,834 over 4 opponents in a campaign in which there was polled 191 ,806 When he left my office there were 42 files Now, since Mr. Collins made the first charge that are known to be missing. I learned and has made himself rather conspicuous votes. · With such a smashing and lambasting con­ later through two reliable witnesses that at this hearing with his inability "to t ake these files were in Ross Collins' campaign it on the chin," let us review some of his demnation it is surprising that this man would have the gall and audacity to ever headquarters. However, I am convinced that record that will account for his action in he took these files more to protect himself this behalf. Practically every charge that appear as a wtt.ness in any hearing and most certainly he is in bad grace when he makes than to use them in Ross Collins' campaign. this committee has investigated is contained I discovered that he was doing business in a four-page campaign document which a grandstand play, as demonstrated before this committee, in making claims to the through my office and in my name with peo­ was printed by the hundreds of thousands ple in Chicago, New York, Dallas, and other and broadcast throughout Mississippi in the prot ection of his good name and repu t ation. recent primary election. Regardless of what If the good white people of Mississippi, men places and he was so anxious to deceive the and women, had given me s~ch a beating at people that he was dealing with, that in many Collins says, practically all of the matter cases he made his secretary use the initials contained in his campaign circular was fur­ the polls I would seek the thickest jungles in the hinterlands and hide in its density of my personal secretary without her knowl­ nished by the Judas Iscariot who had been edge or consent. my secretary since January 1939. In this and darkness until the resurrection morn. circular which I have read and analyzed I Now, the other star witness in this case, In 1941 he arranged for a Christmas pres­ find at least 25 separate, distinct, contemp­ the modern Benedict Arnold, by the name ent for me at Jackson, Miss., consisting of tible, pusillanimous, and limicolous lies. of Edward P. Terry, I do not know whether one sofa, three chairs, three floor lamps, and After studying and analyzing the statements to pity or blame, because I sometimes think two table lamps to be placed in the living of this circular all _these false charges were that he has a mental illness of imaginary room of my island house, which, by the way, discussed day and night on the stump and grandeur and impossible hallucinations. I is the . only furniture in this house that I on the radio before all the people of Missis­ -am sure you noticed from the newspapers the did not buy myself, and, by the way, the sippi, and then voted upon by the people of ot her day while witnesses were here on the house is completely furnished. He inveigled Mississippi. And, notwithstanding the fact stand proving beyond all doubt that he had one of my friends to sign a note with him that Ross Collins had been the attorney gen­ stolen or embezzled $3,750 from Wall Doxey's at the Deposit Guaranty Bank & Trust Co. eral of Mississippi for 8 years, ran for Gover­ campaign, that he was down at Quitman, for $500 to pay for this Christmas present, nor in 1919 (being defeated and running Miss., waiting to hear from a New York bank and then he proceeded to collect from my fourth in the race), and made the race for where he was trying to borrow more than a friends who were lined up as donors in this the United States Senate three times before million dollars. And again he says he has Christmas present and put this money in the recent campaign, which made four times wrecked his health working so hard for me his pocket and lat er persuaded M. T. Reed, of for the Senate, and notwithstanding the and he had increased my financial resources. Belzoni, to pay the note. further fact that he was Congressman from When I hired this man upon the death of This poor man went absolutely wild in his h is home town and district for 20 years, when my secretary, at which time he was working mad desire for money and is now testifying the votes were counted the 2d day of July for the Farm Security Administration at against the man who paid him the second he ran a poor third. He received less than Little Rock, Ark., where I had secured him a best salary on Capitol Hill, and put his wife 10 percent of the 191,806 votes cast, his vote job to come to Washington and become my on the pay roll, paying her over $8,00V, in a being only 18,875. He received less than 100 secretary, I had never heard one word against desire to help him pay the expenses of k-eep­ votes in 22 of Mississippi's 82 counties; he him. On the surface he was congenial, af­ ing his daughter in school. There is abso­ received less than 200 votes but over 100 fable, and pleasant, and I would like to say lutely no limit of his betrayal. He even ac­ in 28 counties; he received less than 300 but for the -record that there has never been a cepted $15,000 which he deposited in the over 200 in 16 counties. He did not carry cross word between us during the 7 years he bank at Jackson, Miss., stating that he had a single county in the State, nor did ·he was in my office except one little incident. got this money from some parties in the lead in any one county of the State. He lost But it now develops that almost from the north and that the money was to be used his home county of Lauderdale and got less time he entered my office he started his wild in getting Governor Bailey into the race for than 20 percent of the total vote in that chase after 111-gotten gain. the United States Senate against me in 1946, county. I, BILBO, received in his home county I did not know until' after he had left my this being done while he was still my secre­ 3,013, while Collins only received 1,137. My employment on January 15, 1946, that he ~ary and he and his wife both on my pa7 XCIII--7 98 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 roll. Yesterday you gentlemen of the com­ fully submit for your consideration the fol­ in the National Congress, must likewise bear mittee heard his sordid tale of unfaithful­ lowing complete answer and response. the burden of such condemnation. ness. His conduct has been so shocking un­ On November 23, 1946, in answer to my In urging upon those in charge of the con­ til it is almost unbelievable and incompre­ wire of November 22, 1946, I was advised by struction of facilities for the national de­ hensible, and yet he testifies at this hearing your chief counsel that your honorable sub­ fense and prosecution of World War II, the and expects the committee and the public committee would hold public hearings on use of Mississippians on projects and con­ to believe what he says. It always did hurt allegations that I had engaged in certain struction work in Mississippi, I have done no me to the heart to be disappointed in friends transactions with certain war contractors more than has been done by practically all or an associate, and this is one of the great­ which were listed. In my wire of November of my colleagues in the Senate and by nearly est disappointments of my Jife. Again I say 22, 19461 I had requested that you advise me every Member of the House of Representa­ I do not know whether to pity him or blame (1) the nature of the charges against me, tives, in urging consideration of constituents. him. I can only commit him to a just God (2) the names of my accusers, and (3) Indeed, that which I did was in accord and to my countrymen, whose duty it is for whether or not such accusers had sworn to completely with the general policy estab­ the sake of the public good to mete out any of these charges. lished by the War and Navy Departments in justice. The response by chief counsel for the com­ every State as shown by the undisputed evi­ In this case to date and, I repeat, as a mittee listed certain specific allegations but dence in this record from high-ranking offi­ lawyer, the evidence bas shown only one failed to name my accusers or to advise cers who were charged with the responsibility thing, and that is that I was given a Cadillac whether such accusers had sworn to the al­ of the cons~ruction program. car Christmas, 1941, and a few pieces of legations made. Jackson Army air base living-room furniture. I am sure no man Therefore I wired you again on November 29, 1946, thanking you for giving me the na­ In this instance, I recommended several or woman will censure me for accepting resp-onsible and qualified Mississippians for these presents from real friends. These were ture and cause of the allegations and again this work. Among them was M. T. Reed Con­ presents and highly appreciated gifts, and requesting the names of my accusers to which your chief counsel again replied that struction Co., which satis;factorily completed I am sure that ninety-nine out of every hun­ the work in full accord with the desires of dred men and women in the country would the names of my accusers would not be made known to me but graciously tendering me the War Department. I deny that I did not have gladly accepted such from real friends recommend this concern as testified by my when they came witheut any strings or ob­ every power of this honorable subcommittee former secretary. ligations whatsoever. In fact, as to the car, to have any witnesses I might desire here to testify, providing I would submit the names This concern received from the War De­ it has been a custom, not only in Mississippi partment through Under Secretary Judge but throughout the country, to make pres­ of such witnesses and the nature of the evi­ Patterson, the first commendation to a con­ ents to citizens who have been honored by dence that such witnesses were capable of struction contractor for excellency in the their people. In my State I remember that producing. I was further advised by your history of the Department. chief counsel that "after such preliminary I received a Willys-Knight automobile when investigations as to the nature of the evi­ As to whether my recommendation of this I was elected Governor in 1916. Governor and other concerns in any way influenced dence such witnesses are capable of produc­ the War Department in awarding them a Russell, who succeeded me, received an auto­ ing" you would "determine whether to call mobile from his friends; Governor Whitfield them or not." · contract, you may judge from what General likewise received an automobile when he was The charges which you advised me would Robins and General Sturgis told this com­ elected. \Vhen I was elected as Governor mittee. be investigated were specified as follows: · But during the hearings it was inferred the second time, my staff and friends not 1. That I assisted various contractors in only gave me an automobile but they gave obtaining cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts for that I may have caused the transfer of my wife one. Governor .Conner received an the construction of Jackson Army Air Base, jurisdiction over construction from Mo­ automobile and a nice home at Jackson from Jackson, Miss.; Key Field, Meridian, Miss.; bile, Ala., to Vicksburg, Miss. Suppose I did his staff and friends. Governor White, I un­ and Keesler Field, Biloxi, Miss. (which General RObins denied); yet the derstand, did not receive a car because he 2. That I received $26,200 from F. T. New­ testimony of at least three generals demon­ was a wealthy man. Governor Johnson re­ ton, of the Newton-Glenn Construction Co. strates that it was for the best interests of ceived a $4,000 silver service and an auto­ 3. That I received $6,200 from B. L. Knost, the national defense program and the Gov­ mobile and a fine riding horse on his elec­ of the Morrissey-Knost Construction Co. ernment so to have done, because tion. Governor Bailey received an automo­ 4. That I received $6,000 from Mike T. A. Vicksburg is only 42 miles from +he site bile, a $3,750 silver service, and a $5,000 war Morrissey; that without cost to me he built of the Jackson A1·my Air Base and Mobile is bond. Senator Harrison, when elected last a lake on my premises; that he gave· me a 200 miles away. time, was presented with a beautiful auto­ Cadillac automobile; that he made certain B. Vicksburg district office of engineers mobile. So do not blame me for accepting improyements on my farm while operating was better organized and equipped to super­ a Cadillac when I was elected to the Senate it, which operation caused a total loss of vise construction than Mobile. for a second term. It is just an old southern appr«>ximately $48,000. ' C. Vicksburg was the more logical office to custom-in other words, "Let him that is 5. That furniture purchased for Dream supervise construction from every viewpoint without sin cast the first stone." Further­ .House No. 2 was paid for by war contractors. consistent with speed, economy, and effi­ more, I unde!'stand that our last and pres­ 6. That I received funds from various per­ ciency. ent Presidents received automobiles as gifts. sons and deposited them in an account called Key Field, Meridian, Miss. And now, before we take up the charges, Juniper Grove Baptist Church, Special Fund Here the War Department again says that let me make one observation about one wit­ by THEODORE G. BILBO, in the Bank of Com­ my suggestions of contractors may not have ness, . Mrs. Virginia Simmerman, executive merce, Poplarville, Miss., on· which ac'count I been of any great weight. Nevertheless, the secretary to Senator EASTLAND. This poor alone could draw and which money was prin­ job was done satisfactorily by a combination woman, in her venomous hate, stated that cipally to build a residence owned by me. of Mississippi and Tennessee contractors I had fired her after working for me for 7. That a note for $3,000 which I owed to . without any question but that it was up to 6 years because her father refused to make A. L. Shushan was paid by individuals who eve!y requiremen~ of the War Department. me a loan when I was raising $21,750 to make later were reimbursed by war contractors. True, one of the associated contractors was a property settlement with my ex-wife. It 8. That certain of my personal expenses my good friend and former campaign man­ is hardly necessary for me to answer her incurred in my office in Washington, D. c., ager, A. B. Friend, of Sardis, Miss., who re­ absurd statement after this committee heard were eventually defrayed by war contractors. her testify and heard her so completely de-· ceived as his compensation a gross of about 9. That a swimming pool was constructeCi $5,000 on a project involving $1,731,129.75. strayed as a witness by Colonel Thomas on my premises without charge to me by Rhodes, another Mississippian. I am sure St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc. The innuendo wa:: advanced that ·Mr. the committee now understands why I dis­ With your indulgence and permission, I Friend was not qualified to perform the work. missed her. Her statement about the rea­ shall take up each of these and give in addi­ War Department scrutiny determined other­ son for my dismissal of her could not be tion to the testimony you have already heard wise; results obtained on the job deny the true because I received my divorce in 1938 explanatory of the actual facts my answer insinuation; and the background of Mr. Friend as to ability, training, and experience and she remained in my offic~ for 2 years not only to the charges but to the very seri­ thereafter. I am too much of a southern ous implications and insinuations that nat­ is a matter already abundantly in this record. gentleman to express myself fully about this urally follow. , Bernie Friend is a great organizer, an ex­ witness, but I will say, as she demonstrated cellent engineer, and a high-toned Christian in her testimony, that she is thoroughly gentleman, whose services have been sought "That I assisted various contractors in ob­ by governmental agencies and municipal or­ undependable. Her father did lend me $500 taining cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts for the on my alimony, and I repaid him, and I have ­ ganizations for many years. I .ought to know construction of Jackson Army Air Base, Jack­ his ability because he has successfully man­ here my letter to him and his reply. As a son, Miss.; Key Field, Meridian, Miss.; and witness, she is most certainly "a blank aged two of my campaigns for United States Keesler Field, Biloxi, Miss." Senator. cartridge." · To this charge I plead guilty and if I am Now let us take up the charges one at a to be condemned for being loyal to the· con­ Keesler Field, Biloxi, Miss. time and see just what this investigation stituents that it is my happy privilege to The policy of using local contractors was shows the facts to be. With reference to the represent as United States Senator, then by made by the War Department. It was ap­ specific charges that you have heretofore ad­ the same token every worth-while Senator _plied in every State. I recommended my vised me you would consider, I most respect- and Member of the House of Representatives constituents, J • . A. Jonea Construction Co. 1947 :,_. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE 99 -of Hattiesburg, Mis8., and Charlotte, N. C., to attend. An appeal .for campaign contri­ Robert Gandy and Forrest Jackson report­ who did, according to the undisputed evi­ butions was made at the meeting. ed to me and possibly others of our group dence in this record, over $177,000,000, not · You will observe from the testimony of that they had agreed to pay Roland Wall counting- Oak Ridge, In national defense Mr. Hall that some funds were donated to $7,500 for his deficit and some miscellaneous work, and all most satisfactorily completed. the regular Doxey campaign headquarters accounts that amounted to something over Newton-Glenn-Knost are three Mississip­ through Mr. Hall after this rally was held. $500, or a total finally of about $8,000 to -pians, my friends and constituents, who Some donations were made to the group Roland Wall. were able to obtain a favorable agreement operating from the Royal Hotel, among them To meet these amounts and other expendi­ with Mr. Edwin L. Jones of the J. A. Jones a contribution from F. T. Newton of Newton tures of the group for the second primal'y, Construct ion Co. and who satisfactorily com­ & Glenn of $25,000 in four checks payable to money was required. Various loans were pleted national defense projects in Arkansas, me, which I endorsed over to Robert Gandy obtained and various payments were made, Tennessee; Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and who cashed them. some to Cecil Travis for the amount agreed Mississippi. Mr. Gandy brought the money back to the with him; some to Roland Wall on his re­ It was intimated that I was responsible Royal Hotel rooms from which we were work­ quirement; some on telephones, printing, for the change by the War Department from ing and turned the money over to me as a stenographers' salaries, and other campaign 'a bid bas'is contract to a cost-plus-fixed-fee member of the informal committee or group. expenses. contract on this project. The undisputed Previous to this, and I believe on Saturday, To repay these amounts borrowed and fin­ evidence, however, is that such change was August 29, 1942, after a series of telephone ish meeting commitments and other cam­ required by Army Air Forces objectives to conversations and conferences with various paign expenses, it was necessary to get con­ speed up greatly needed construction and friends of Ross Collins and friends of Wall tributions and the rally or pep meeting was by instructions from the Commander in Doxey, a meeting was arrangea at Collins' held in the interest of Wall Doxey· on Sep­ Chief to pl_edge all appropriations immedi­ suite at "the Robert E. Lee Hotel, which is tember 7, 1942, in Jackson, as above stated. ately for the war effort. My efforts in that situated about three blocks from the ·Royal After the rally, several contributions were regard were surely, therefore, in complete Hotel, in Jackson, one block ea_st and two made, some to Lee Hall and some direct to harmony with high authority and necessity. blocks north. me. Among the latter were the checks for 2 Robert Gandy, Forrest Jackson, and I went $25,000 from F. T. Newton. He said that he to the Collins suite, and there met Collins, wanted me to spend it for Wall Doxey's cam­ "That I received $26,200 from F. T. Newton George Butle-r-, Charlie Snow, and Cecil paign and to do the most good and I carried of the Newton-Glenn Construction Co." Travis, who were apparently awaiting our out his request. This charge is made up of two items: One arrival. This suite was composed of a living As soon as the checks were given me .by for $25,000 and one for $1,200. room, bedroom, and bath. Those whom I Newton I called for Forrest Jackson but he As to the $25,000 item have named were the only ones present in was away and I finally located Robert Gandy When Senator Wall Doxey offered for re­ the suite, and all remained until Gandy, on the :1ext day, or September 8, 1942, en­ election for a full term after serving only 15 Jackson, and I left at the conclusion of the dorsed the checks, and he went for the months of the unexpired term of the late conference, except that Robert Gandy and money, returning the proceeds of the checks Senator Pat Harrison from Mississippi, I was Ross Collins went into the bedroom of the or drafts as they appear to be. I took charge deeply interested in the success of his cam­ suite for a talk about Collins' statement to of the money and began spending it for Wall paign in the primaries for his nomination the press, as will be hereafter related. Doxey's campaign. I did the same with other by the Democratic Party. After exchanging greetings and having Col­ contributions that had come to our group I was active in his interest in the first lins complain about my activities in the but the Newton $25,000 was by far the largest primary in which he was opposed by Ross A. first primary for Wall Doxey, I suggested to amount that we received. Collins, then Congressman from the Fifth Collins that he should come on and support That day I recall giving some of the money District ot: Mississippi; by Rol-and Wall, or help us elect Wall Doxey to a full term in to A. B. Friend to pay his office workers and former WPA director of Mississippi; by Sena­ the Senate. for printing bills and other items. Some -tor .James 0. Eastland; and by Douglas The matter of Collins' statement -to the county workers came in and I gave them some Smith, of Jackson. press came up for discussion. My recollec­ money to use for automobiles to get voters to Senator Doxey and Senator EASTLAND were tion is that he said that he, Collins, 'had the polls. Some money I gave to Robert the two high candidates and were in the already prepared a statement. I asked him Gandy either that day or the following day run-off or second primary, having eliminated what was in it. He replied to the effect that or so. That afternoon Forrest Jackson came Ross Collins, Roland Wall, and Douglas he had never submitted any political state­ in and I gave him about $10,000 to pay off a Smith. Between the first and second pri­ ment to me·and he never would, but said that note for $7,500 borrowed from Hattiesburg maries the friends of both Senator Doxey Bob Gandy was friendly to b()th and that and $2,500 borrowed from the Deposit Guar­ and Senator EASTLAND were anxious to gain both of us had confidence in Gandy. He anty Bank at Jackson. as much support as possible from the forces then suggested that he, Collins, and Gandy Then the entire amount of the contribu­ of the defeated candidates and there was a go into the bedroom of the suite and that tions.was expended by me and the group for considerable round of conferences and dis­ Gandy could read what Collins had prepared the Doxey campaign, including enough to pay_ cussions looking to the accomplishment of for release to the press and advise me wheth­ Cecil Travis the $11,000 for the Collins set-up success of this desire. er it was satisfactory. · He and Gandy went and $8,000 for the Roland Wall set-up. All of In the first primary_ there was set up into the bedroom of the suite and shortly the time, the campaign headquarters of Wall wholly independent of the regular D::>xey returned when Gandy stated that the press Doxey both the State-wide organization and campaign organization of which Han. Lfi!e D. release prepared by Collins was satisfactory, several of the county. workers from out Hall, of Columbia, Miss., was campaign.man­ which was accepted by me. over the State were asking us for funds and ager, a group or committee in \Yhich Bernie Collins then said that he was returning to we put out as long as the money lasted and Friend, Robert Gandy, Forrest B. Jackson, Washjngton, where the Congress was in sesA then spent more _than we had. and I, together with others, were quite ac­ sian, and that he would not be openly or , To show you what I mean, let me tell you tive. This ·latter group had _its offices in a personally active in the second primary and what occurred at the last of the campaign. series of three rooms in the Royal Hotel in that he had released his supporters and Robert Gandy and Forrest Jackson, with A. B. Jackson, Miss. _ friends to vote . as each pleased in such Friend, had borrowed around $15,000 from The regular Doxey campaign headquarters primary. · the banks. We had paid back $10,000 but was about three blocks west on Capitol Street He said, however, that he understood that still owed $5,000. We had agreed to hold up tn the same city, which is the· State capital. Cecil Travis and other leaders of his were enough money contributed to pay off this At the Royal Hotel, the group had Bernie going to support Wall Doxey and that Travis note and we tried to do it, despite the con­ F-ien:l as a full-time manager with a battery felt or believed that he could g~t the field tinual calls and needs for funds to meet the of stenographers, clerks, field men and such ~en to work for Doxey in the second primary. opposition. personnel as was deemed necessary 'to carry Travis agreed that such statement was cor­ On Monday before the primary of Septem­ on the work incident to making speaking teet. ber 15, 1942, we gave Forrest Jackson ap­ engagements distributing literature, con­ Ross Collins then said that as to all other proximately $2,000 to carry to Meridian, tacting local political leaders and doing those matters and arrangements we could work Laurel, Gulfport, and Biloxi to arrange for things usually and customarily done by that out with Travis who was thoroughly the transportation of war workers to their friends of a favorite candidate. familiar with everything and we left, that is home precincts to vote. Monday night at 11 . This practice was not out of the ordinary Robert Gandy, Forrest Jackson, and I left o'clock Forrest was at the Markham Hotel in but as shown by the testimony in this record for the Royal Hotel. Gulfport where we called him by telephone to was followed by the other candidates for Later that day or on Monday, Robert tell him that we had spent into our reserve nomination. · Gandy t-old me and Forrest Jackson that it fund until altogether we had only about $2,- · To carry on this· work and to assist the would take $11,000 to be paid to Travis for 000 remaining. We asked what to do about Doxey campaign in its efforts, it was necessary the Collins campaign set-up. It was my holding up to pay the note or on the note. to have funds. To get the money, letters understanding that this covered a deficit. There were several folks in our rooms then were sent out, meetings were held and on This understanding came from Robert Gandy from out in the State requesting funds to September 7, 1942, a general rally and pep and Forrest Jackson, who had also talked pay for transporti:Qg voters and there were meeting was held in Jackson. To this meet­ to Roland Wall about his deficit and who field workers to pay and other expenses to Ing boxey fiiends from every one of the 82 was coming with the Wall Doxey supporte1·s be paid. Forrest said "Shoot the works." counties in the State were invited and urged in the second primary. We did and all the money was spent and those 100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 boys, Robert, Bernie, and Forrest are still ness and some of my others can be ·paid when and he practically admits it by his own tes­ holding the bag on the $5,000 note, it has the sale is finally concluded. This item and timony, and that he took similar amounts been paid down to $1,000. You will find it in charge is therefore "much ado about nothing" from other friends not here listed sufficient the bank· records th~t Bill Mounger, presi­ for it soon is "gone with the wind." to more than pay for the $500 worth of furni­ dent of the Deposit Guaranty Bank & Trust Here are the original notes now renewed ture, to wit, one sofa, three chairs, three floor Co., left with the committee. [exhibits]. lamps, and two table lamps, but Terry did So the $25,000 was spent and I did not get The lake not pay the note signed by him and en­ a dollar or a penny of it. The lake is a 15-acre pond when the full dorsed by Robert Gandy at the Deposit Guar­ water level is reached, and Morrissey charged anty Bank in Jackson with the money which As to the $1,200 Terry collected from my friends. He evi­ That was a personal loan by F. T. Newton me for it as shown by l-etter of February 19, 1942, mailed then, enclosing statement of dently put the money in his pocket or in to me and has been repaid-not a cent of it December 1, 1941, already exhibited in evi­ the special: account at the Jackson State Na­ is owing. tional Bank, which account I had never heard The facts are that I borrowed the money dence here. The cost of the lake was $3,- 671.92, which I owe and which I intend to of until a few days before the hearing at and at the time gave Newton 12 drafts on my Jackson, Miss., on December 2, 1946. Then personal bank account at First National Bank pay when funds are available. With the sale Terry got my good friend, Maurice Reed, to of Hattiesburg. These were each for $100 to of the Gum Pond plac-e referred to just above, I can pay off several of these debts which I pay this note at the bank and had Reed make be presented over a period of 12 months to the check to "Terry & Co." when there was the bank for payment. Newton did not pre­ owe. I have never denied or failed ultimately no such concern in existence. sent them to the bank monthly as I had to pay an honest debt. I may be slow but I With the exception noted before the furni­ requested him and after several months had am sure to pay. I always arrive. ture in Dream House No.2, or Dream House, passed and I found he was not presenting New Cadillac car "Junior," was bought and paid for by me. them I called on him to do so. Then I paid Y-es; Mike Morrissey gave me the new Cadil­ Most of it came from Sears, Roebuck & Co. all of them off-I believe $300 one time, $500 lac car for a Christmas present in December and I paid for it on the installment plan. another, and finally $400, and thus the debt :F941. This is the third car that has been This house is a California-type rambling was liquidated and the $1,200 loan was repaid given me by my friends; one when I was bungalow to be used as a study or library. and Newton returned the drafts to me. And Governor of Mississippi the first time, an­ The house has a living room, two bedrooms here they are [exhibits]. other when I was Governor the second time­ with bath, dining room, kitchen, lunch­ 3 and they also gave my then wife a Cadillac, eonette, and three porches. On one of the all as pointed out hereinabove. porches there is, in connection with a large "That I received $6,200 from B. L. Knost, . · There are very good precedents for auto­ rock chimney, a barbecue pit. of Morrisey-Knost Construction Co." mobiles to be given to public officials and This house is conpletely furnished, in­ As to the $5,000 item cluding tables and chairs for the three ( without any criticism or insinuation that B. L. Knost made a check payable to me for thereby anything illegal or immoral was done. porches. The furniture that was sent as a $5,000 as a contribution to the Wall Doxey I therefor-e deny that there was a:ny wrong Christmas present by Ed Terry and the campaign in 1942. I endorsed the check to on my part in accepting the automobile as friends referred to above forms only a small Robert Gandy. He cashed it and spent the a Christmas present from my real friend portion of the furniture of the living room money for campaign purposes, as shown by since 1923. in this house. I have two mounted deer­ his testimony and accounting for funds which Farm improvements hide rugs' in the living room that cost me he personally handled in that campaign. about $85. The living room also contains I made a contract of rental of my farm another sofa and several other chairs that In June 1942 I was in Mississippi and on my with 2 tractors, 1 truck, farm tools and equip­ way to Washington I saw Bernie Knost in were transferred from Dream House No. 1. ment, 6 farm wagons, 75 head of cattle, 50 I purch{tsed a Cold-Spot refrigerator on Meridian, had a meal with him, -and he asked l).ead of hogs, 2 saddl-e horses, 13 mules, a me how Wall Doxey's campaign for reelection December 24, 1941, from the Hattiesburg drove of ducl~s. a drove of turkeys, a flock of store of Sears, Roebuck & Co., also on the was going. I told him Wall was having some guineas, a flock of geese, and a flock of chick­ campaign expenses that needed to be met, installment plan, which cost me $190. I ens. Morrissey was to pay taxes and give me bought some additional furniture, bathroom and he and Mike Morrisey, who was there, one-half of the profits, if any. said they would give $2,500 each to the cam­ fixtures, kitchen fixtures, and venetian The farm includes a pear orchard, a pecan blinds from Sears, Roebuck. In the lunch­ paign to help out. Bernie Knost gave me his grove, and a tung-nut grove. When it came check for $5,000 and I called Robert Gandy eonette is one table and benches, a counter back to me at the end of the 4-year period and shelves. The crockery or glassware was to come over to Meridian, since he was han­ I had 1 tractor, no truck, 1 wagon, few dling all of the funds at that time. He came given me by Mr. J. W. Daniels, Jr., of Hat­ farm tools or equipment, 30 cows, no hogs, tiesburg, Miss., who was not a war con­ over. I endorsed the check over to Robert 1 horse, 2 mules, 1 drake, 1 gobbler, 1 guinea, Gandy and left for Washington. Mr. Gandy tractor at any time. 1 gander, and 1 white rooster-and 1 year of As soon as the island was completed I had has accounted for this amount of which I got taxes had not been paid and I paid these not one cent and never had any of that my old friends, Smith & Norwood, who have taxes of about $1,100 and will apply it against been my architects for 25 years, to prepare money in my hands-the check just passed my debt to Morrissey. I received no profits through my hands to Mr. Gandy. plans and specifications for the construc­ and my pears, pecans, and tung nuts were all tion of the study or lodge on the island. I As to the $1,200 sold by Morrissey. Mike Morrissey made no constructed this house myself with the as· In November 1941 I needed some money payment improvements on the property ex­ sistance of Mr. Tom Massingale, of Hatties­ and borrowed $1,200 from B. L. Knost. I cept terracing the land and made no repairs burg, and under his direction and the direc­ gave him 12 drafts for $100 each drawn on to any improvements there during the 4 tion of the architects the work was carried the First National Bank of Hattiesburg, dated years. He kept his superintendent in my on, and it was my pleasure to be present monthly over a period of 12 months. Like home without any rent and rented out my part of the time. the Newton draft they bore no interest-in tenant homes, and he stayed there himself In securing the materials for this house other words we just swapped checks. Mr. for long periods of time. The Triple A paid. I wrecked a four-room residence on some Knost did not present his drafts, although for the terracing he did which could have property that I owned at Poplarville. This I called on him to do so. I have paid him been done whether he had the property or was a; nice little home, celled with beaded $750 and owe him a balance of $450 which I not. ceiling, weather boarded, and with two fire­ intend to and will pay. This is purely an Now tell me what profit did I make out of places. I placed all the brick and lumber indebtedness, and I have had several of them that deal even though Mr. Morrissey lost $48,- on the island to begin construction of the in my time. 000 in the transaction as reflected by his in­ Dream House No. 2. I bought the cement, 4 come taxes? Where am I to be condemned or hardware, and most of the other lumber for "That I received $6,000 from Mike T. Mor­ censured for anything in this transaction the house from Trenton Supply Co., amount­ rissey; that without cost to me, he built a and what connection has it with the national ing to about $2,000, as has been testified by lake on my premises; that he gave me a defense program? the manager of the Trenton Supply Co., for Cadillac automobile; that he made certain 5 all of which I paid on the installment plan. improvements on my farm while operating "That furniture purchased for Dream I purchased the columns and outside tim­ it, which operation caused a total loss of ap- House No.2 was paid for by war contractors." bers, which were heart cypress, from Mr. G. H. proximately $48,000." · This is absolutely untrue and I specifically Williams, of Picayune, Miss., and hauled it I'll break these down into items for con­ deny the charges and the insinuations con­ to the island on my farm truck. These tim­ venience and clarity. tained 1n such allegations. I hold in my hand bers cost me close onto $100. I bought the The $6,000 is made up of two notes-one a Christq>.as card purporting to be signed flooring from the Nachary Builders Supply for $5,000 and one for $1,000, both secured by the following: Robert Gandy, W. M. Co., of New Orleans, La., for $722.50, paying by mortgage on about 1,100 acres of land in Mounger, F. T. Newton, Edward Terry, Willie $222.50 cash and the balance in five monthly the Gum Pond place, which I have sold un­ Terry, Martha Terry, Leland Speed, Bernie . installments. This was a plastic tile floor. der contract for $26,000 to be concluded as Knost, Ed Gatlin, Junkin. The trusses in the large room in this house soon as abstracts can be., prepared and title I now offer this as an exhibit. I am now were given to me by some friends of mine approved. I will be required to liquidate informed that some of those whose names who owned a sawmill at Gulfport, Miss. the $6,000 mortgage debt to transfer good fee appear on this card paid from $50 to $75 each These four trusses were put together with simple unencumbered title. This indebted- to Edward P. Terry, my former secretary, bolts and this is the only place I could find 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN A. TE 101 the timbers of sufficient dimensions from be payment of telephone, telegram, and ground leaded wiring stored in my barn and which to cut the trusses·. Thfs sawmill was printing accounts. n:uring the time that Mr. the piping on the ground to finish the job. owned by Baxter, Wheat, Cue, and Gex, four Terry was in my office ·he used long-distance I attempted to do it some time ago but the good friends of mine, and they refused to telephone and telegrams to great extent to best price I could get on the tile was $1,400. accept any pay for these special timbers­ carry on his personal contacts in various I thought this was excessive and today the they were not war contractors. Of course States as well as the State of Mississippi. pool is about half finished and it has never this was a small item. Many of these telegrams that he sent were been used by anyone. I am still "doing my not such as would come within the purview 6 swimming" in Wolf River which is 4 miles of official business for a United States Sena­ from my dream house. "That a note for $3,000 which I owed to tor. All of the telephone bills had to be paid A. L. Shushan was p~id by individuals who as a personal expense. It now appears that 9 later were reimbursed by war contractors." some of them were paid by my frie~ds, but "That I received funds from various per­ No war contractor paid a dime on this note this was without my knowledge, acquiescence, sons and deposited them in an account nor reimbursed, so far as I am able to find, or consent. I have never personally requested called 'Juniper Grove Baptist Church, Spe­ any individual who paid and retired the anyone to take care of any of my personal cial Fund by THEO. G. BILBO,' in the Bank of note. Here is the way Shushan became in­ expenses whether he was a war contractor or Commerce, Poplarville, Miss., on which ac­ volved in this $3,000 loan. Mr. Grant Stew­ a personal friend and constituent. It is a count I alone could draw and which was art, a wholesale merchant of New Hebron, notable fact that every employee in my office principally to build a residence owned by Miss., was one of the seven men that I can verify that Mr. Terry, while he had al­ me." selected when I started out to raise the most absolute control of the management of I deny, resent, and detest the vile implica­ $21,750 to pay alimony to my ex-wife. He the offioe and dealing with my constituents, tions of this reprehensible charge. Every was the first man I called upon. He told never brought to my attention any of these · cent that I have ever received for the Juniper me that he did not have the ·money be­ telephone bills and neither did he ever file Grove Baptist Church fund, which included cause he had just bought out his two part­ any of these bills in the office. They are all funds collected to build the church building ners and paid them $7,500 in cash. I told gone. and funds collected to build the parsonage him I knew that but I knew that he had As to printing bills there may have been and to fence and beautify the grounds, has sources from which he could get me $3,000. some special matters that I had printed been spent on this worthy project except the He hesitated a moment and said, "Yes, I which could not be printed at public ex­ balance of the funds now on deposit in the know where I can get the money," and he pense on which some of my friends, through special fund account in the Bank of Com­ assured me that he would be at my home for Mr. Terry, volunteered contributions; espe­ merce at Poplarville, Mi~s. _ luncheon on July 21, 1938, and he pleasantly cially is this true in the publication of vari-. Now, gentlemen of the committee, I trust · reminded me of the fact that he was very ous and sundry speeches that I made on the you will be patient with me while I give you fond of chicken pie. At 11 o'clock on the floor of the Senate. the real picture of the Juniper Grove Baptist morning of July 21 he arrived at my home Surely I am not to be condemned or de­ Church program of improvement. My sainted and delivered the $3,000. He did not tell me nied my seat because· of anything disclosed father led in the organization of the first where he had got the money, but shortly with reference to this particular charge, or church house on this sacred spot in 1856. after he called me and said he wanted me to any of the others as for that matter; espe­ The first house was a log house, there being meet Mr. Shushan at Pearl River, La., which cially is this true when the miserable, sordid, no sawmills nor lumber available in this I did, and it was then I learned that he had and treacherous record of an unfaithful sec­ wild and unsettled section of Mississippi at borrowed the money from Shushan. After a retary has been so thoroughly exposed in this this time. This log church house was a one­ conference with Mr. Shushan, which lasted hearing. room house and it was built before my father built his first home in that year and he se­ only about 5 minutes, we separated and the 8 next time I saw him he was in Washington cured permission from the then small church and he asked me to carry him down to talk "That a swimming pool was constructed on to permit him to live in it until he had fin­ to Mr. Winchell in regard to his civil suit my premises without charge to me by the ished his home, which is about 1,500 feet involving his income taxes. I did it both St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc." from the present church site. because I appreciated what he had done for The St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc., is owned The first sawmill in that section was a me through Mr. Grant Stewart, although I by my very good friends, John H. Junkin and water sawmill with a saw that went up and did not know at the time, and for the fur­ his brother, William Junkin, of Natchez, down and the only power to operate it was ther reason that he was a constituent ·of Miss. They have both been my personal and falling water from a small creek 4 miles away mine, having a branch wholesale business political friends for many years and this com­ at the Odoms homestead. The log house in Jackson, Miss. I would have rendered pany has been in existence for a half cen­ was removed and a plank house was built him the same service if he had never loaned tury, having been originally organized by the with 12-inch planks and batting, unceiled Grant Stewart a cent and you will remember father of these two fine me:t;1. They are most and hand-made benches. in his testimony he insisted that he made certainly not what you would call "war con­ As the country developed, a steam sawmill the loan on Grant Stewart's account and tractors." They were selling to the Army came along with a planer, and beaded ceil­ not on mine. , engineers and Government contractors mixed ing was available. The old plank church concrete for which they had obtained their was torn down and a modern, up-to-date The testimony before this committee about contract by reason of the fact that they were the payment of this loan took place in my church was erected; that is, modern for low bidders to the Mobile district office for that day and generation. absence, but I believe that it is a true story the Keesler Field job. of how the note was paid to Mr: Shushan. When I became Governor of Mississippi After this settlement I paid Mr. Stewart I had prepared the swimming pool in ques­ for a second term and became the owner on the 3d of July 1941 the $750 that he tion by constructing the forms, putting in the of my father's old homestead, I dreamed of contributed in the payment of the note to reenforcing steel and had the sand and gravel build\ng a befitting mem9rial to my father's Mr. Shushan and here is a canceled check on the ground and most of the cement, and name and at the same time benefiting the I had already provided a second-hand mixer for the $750. community-first the best and prettiest to prepare mixed concrete to pour in the church house and pastor's home of any coun­ I am informed that Mr. Forrest Jackson forms and around the reenforcing steel, when refunded Mr. Terry the $750 that he was to try church project of the entire South; then Mr. Junkin, an expert at the job, came to I proposed to build on the spot of my fa­ contribute in the agreed settlem~mt; however, as a matter of fact, my information is Mr. · visit me. He offered to do the work for me ther's old house, which he erected in 1856 at a figure which I considered reasonable. Terry paid only $500 at the time and Mr. and in which I was born and our family He sent up a mixing machine and his em­ was reared, the best and prettiest home in Stewart advanced him the other $250 of the ployees and workmen. They took my sand, Mississippi. $750 that he was to pay. My information has always been that Mr. Jackson paid Mr. Terry my gravel, my cement with the exception of I employed a young architect by the name· his $500 and sent the $250 that Stewart ad­ about 100 sacks that he furnished me at 60 of Vinson Smith and told him of my dream, vanced to Terry direct to Mr. Stewart. cents a sack, and never at any time did it and after 3 or 4 years of drawing plans and occur to me that he was doing it as a gift, changing plans I had him to make out a bill I still owe on this alimony nightmare Mr. and when he delayed sending me the bill I of materials both for the church and for my Jackson $1,560 and the president of'my bank, took the matter up w-ith him and asked for home, and I commenced a long struggle to Bob Newton, $750. In due time I will get to the bill. them. So you will see, gentlemen, that there gather together the material to build these was no war contractor connected in the re­ True the St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc., has two structures. The church gave me carte motest degree with ·the Shushan note and its never made any effort to collect the account blanche authority to tear down the weather­ payment, notwithstanding Drew Pearson. nor has the obligation been canceled. They boarded and ceiled wo~den church building, only transferred the account from the St. and I laid the foundation of the church and 7 Catherine Gravel Co, to the personal accounts my home on the same day. "That certain of my personal expenses in­ of the two owners. I consider it a just obli­ My community is a poor community. curred in my office at Washington, D. C., were gation and I propose to pay them for the There is only one member of the church that eventually defrayed by war contractors." , part of the work they did on the swimming has any wealth at all, and at that time he This charge I ,deny. I have heard the wit­ pool, which is not finished by any ~eans. I was not a member of the church. I com­ nesses here testify that from time to time have recently bought a carload of sand and menced to collect funds in 1928 from any­ several of them on the insistence and request a carload of gravel that is stacked on my body and everybody, at home and abroad, to of my erstwhile secretary, Ed Terry, had ad­ yard 'beside the pool to finish the concrete help carry out my dream of this beautiful vanced to Mr. Terry what he represented to work. I have the light poles imd the under- church, with all that goes with it. In my

/ .102 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 first drive I was able to get far enough did not want anyone to change the plans or an account-secretly as far as I am con­ along with the church so we could use it, "butcher up" the job. cerned-in the Jackson State National Bank, but it was far from completed. When I was stricken with an lllness in in which he listed me as principal and him­ The church membership never had any­ 1944 and was rushed to Mayo's Clinic at self as agent, and hypocritically telling the thing to do with the building of it and had Rochester, Minn., I knew the operation that banker that they were authorized to pay out nothing to say about the. plans. It was all I had to undergo was a dangerous operation money from this special account by check left up to me, and while I had collected and and there was a chance of my dying in this that I might write on the account. He went spent about $20,000 in the original effort I operation. I was in a hospital at Vicksburg, so far as to state that the money belonged to am safe in saying that the whole community Miss., when it was decided to send me to n:e, yet when the bimk called on him for a had at that time less than $800 in it. Mayo's and against the advice of my physi­ signature card he faked and sent a facsimile After I became Senator I inaugurated a cian I returned to Poplarville, sent for my of my signature; and a second time the new campaign to get the money to finish the lawyer, and he dictated the deed. I called bank called on him to send the signature church, build the pastor's home, a garage, for · the chancery clerk and placed the deed card which he has never to this good hour laundry, servant's house, chicken house, and in his hand and instructed him that in case done. Now he says this was my account, the barn, to be surrounded with a bea-utiful of my death to turn this deed over to the and he told the banker I had a right to draw colonial fence. I have no apologies to offer deacons of the church. At the same time the money out, but I never knew until about anyone in my strenuous efforts to collect I made my wilt, a copy of which I have here the first of this month that such an ac­ enough funds to finish this job. in my pocket, in which I set up a memorial count was in existence when Mr. Quinn The first thing I did when I became the commissic;m of fine and high-class men of showed me. the, correspondence in reference owner of the property was to deed the church the State-my friends-:-to carry on after I to this mysterious account in his bank. The two additional acres to enlarge the cemetery was dead. I gave them the authority and records show that $6,000 or $7,000 were and th~ church grounds, my father having the instructions to sell all my property except placed in this account, and $4,000 or $5,000 deeded 2 acres before then for the church my dream house which I knew would release were placed there after March of 1940. All and cemetery. There has been read into this the mortgage from the church property the deposits after this date, he said, were my record a copy of orie of the· many thousands which I had deeded. money that he had collected for my <'am­ of letters that I have mailed out. The letters During the war I tried while I was here paign of 1940. Now the records show that I sent out were to bankers, lawyers, doctors, in Washington to get the men with whom this money was drawn out by Mr. Terry's merchants, contractors, and people generally I . had contracts to finish the pastor's home checks in amounts varying from $10 to $800. of every faith, and I have·received funds from and then I called on Brother Smith, who No one knows but Mr. Terry where this money Methodists, l3aptists, Catholics, Jews, Presby­ had become pe.stor, and asked him to assist went, because neither my campaign manager, terians, Episcopalians, saints, and- sinners. me in getting the contractors back ori the nor. I, nor anyone connected with my cam­ I was chairman of the finance committee and job. The· electrical job was under contract paign in 1940 ever received a dollar of this with Mr. Smith; the plumbing was under the building committee. The church mem­ money or knew anything abou~ it so far as I bers as such did not ask or participate in any contract with Mr. BennEtt; the painting was have ever been able to ascertain. Surely of my plans and the members of the church under contract with a Mr. Parker. The none of this money was used for Mr. Terry's that worked on the job were paid like any plumber got s~k and went to the hospital. expenses in 1940, because he traveled with outsider was. The special fund of the The electrician's father became very ill and me on my speaking tour, anci I paid all ex• church, which was under-my control because_ he had to stay at his bedside for almost a penses with campaign funds that I received. I had collected every dollar of it and for year. The job has been rushed as rapidly And the astounding fact is that he has which I felt that I was trustee and respon­ as it was possible under the circumstances. claimed about $1,800 of the money that he sible for the proper expenditure, had nothi~g Material because of war conditions became expended in this campaign and has called on to do with the other committees of the hard to get, almost impossible to get. I my friends to pay this money, $1,100 of which church proper. Mine was an outside opera­ deny that at any time I ever £aid or had was paid to him by my attorney, Mr. Jacltson,_ tion but was for. a definite religious purpose. thought of delaying the job to keep the pre.s­ as shown by exhibit in this case. The people who contributed this money had ent pastor from occupancy. It made -no Of course, you und€'l'stand that Mr. Terry faith in me and believed that the money difference to me whom the people called as was at that time my private secretary and would be spent honestly and I resent more pastor. The money I had and the work I was, according to my information, the second than everything else connected with the was doing was for the Lord and not !or some individual. It was for the community best paid man on Capitol Hill, and he drew campaign that Ros·s Collins made against me hi~ salary straight through during the cam­ and with the insinuations in press and over in which I was born and reared and I resent paign, and yet he charged my campaign with the radio that I .would touch a dollar of more than I am able to express ail the dirty insinuations that have been made by the $1,800 expenses and spent $5,000 or $6,000 of money that was given and dedicated to the my money or money that he says he collected cause of the Christian religion. Gentlemen politicians and my enemies that I was not cooperating and doing my best to finish one for my campaign, but. unfortunately for the of the committee, it was a sacred fund and I poor, miserable creature, the records show want you and the world to know that if I of the dreams of my life. · · I have enough money in the bank to finish that a large portion at this money was drawn ever forget the teachings of my sainted father out after my election and there is still $200 and want to get money wrongfully I would the job and I have every assurance that it will be finished by the 1st of January or in .the account. never start by stealing from the church. In his wild and reckless lying statements There was no difference in the money con­ before. In fact in consultation with the pastor and the church we have set April 27, as a witness on yesterday he told the story tributed so far as the church and the pastor's of a doctor that had collected $1,500 from a home and the fence around th_e premises 1947, as the day upon which the dedication of the church and pastor's home will be had, drug addict and said the doctor told him that were concerned. It was a common fund for he, the doctor, had turned this money over the entire project and the first few thousands at which time the entire church understands I am to make the formal delivery to . the to me. It is a lie out of the whole cloth I received I used in finishing the church; in and I want the world to know it. We have fact, I finished the church before I com­ deacons of the church of the title and all that goes with it to the church; but, how­ asked that the doctor be brought before the menced the work on the pastor's home. I committee and permitted -to tell the commit­ had a very good reason for maintaining con­ ever, the chancery clerk of Pearl River County holds in his hands now a corrected deed tee the truth about this dirty, contemptible trol of the funds and I think my church · fabrication. community understood that there was no and the two banks have released their mort­ one connected with the deacons who con­ gages on the lands upon which the pastor's This statement would not be complete trolled the church that knew just what my home and other buildings are located. without a reference to the greatest act of dream was nor were they experienced in If my pastor, my deacons, and my church betrayal of trust, faith, loyalty, and confi­ building. membership are satisfied and happy over the dence as admitted by my ex-secretary, Ed It is true that the pastor's home and all way I have handled the funds that my thou­ T€Try, on the stand yesterday when he told the buildings that go with the project out­ sands of friends have co1;1tributed to the the story of accepting on a sick bed, while he ' side of the church and the church house itself realization of this great dream, then pray and his wife were both on my pay roll, several were constructed on land which I owned, or tell me why and how anybody on earth p1onths before he resigned, $15,000 and the rather, held the legal title. I knew and could object. . promise of $10,000 more, or a total of $25,000, my church knew that these buildings were Now, gentlemen, I have answered as fully from a Jewish Russian immigrant and one being erected upon my land and that the as time would permit the charges enumer­ of the leading Communi,sts within the United Bank of Commerce and the Federal land ated in the statement given to my attorney, States, to be used in putting the late Gover­ bank had mortgages on this land but I knew Mr. Jackson, by your Mr. Meader. Many nor Bailey of my State, or anyone else that that at any time I wanted to get a release statements have been m~de that I would he could find that would make the race, into from these banks I could do it. The church like to discuss, but it would take too long to the race for the United States [Senate] did not undertake to interfere with me or list and itemize the many things that I against me in the campaign of 1946. exercise any control over what I was doing would like to discuss. However, before con­ He admits that he received this money in while I was building and finishing the cluding, I do want to make special mention September 1945, and held the money until church proper. I had announced that I of one fact that has been developed in this the month of July of this year and drew it woul'd not deed the pastor's home and build­ hearing, and to my mind it is the most hor­ out of the bank at Jackson in cash and that ings to the deacons Qf the church until I rible thing in the case, and that is the story he in person delivered it to the Communist had finished and furnished the home. I of my secretary, Ed Terry, secretly opening leader, Liberman, in New York City or in 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 103 · Washington. Upon investigation it was My answer: This charge is absolutely un­ received no contributions for his own per­ shown that this Russian Jew died in Janu­ true and not substantiated by the evidence sonal political benefit but that all such con­ ary 1946, and then when the committee or any proper conclusions to be drawn from tributions were made for the benefit of his pressed him for a statement of what he the entire record. then colleague in the United States Senate. really did with the money he refused to 5. That I solicited and accepted substantial In no instance was there any solicitation by answer, and for this he was cited for con­ amounts of money for a personal charity Senator BILBo of a single contribution for tempt, but he had already committed per­ administered solely by me. any political purpose which fact the majority jury when he first said he delivered the My answer: This is an absurdity and posi­ seems to have overlooked wholly in their zeal. money in person to Liberman. tively untrue. I have collected funds since The two gifts and the alleged services found Christ had his Judas Iscariot; Caesar had 1928 for the Juniper Grove Baptist Church by the majority 'to have been received by his Brutus; George Washington had his as the building and finance committeeman Senator BILBO over the entire period investi­ Benedict Arnold, but I claim to have had of that religious organization, and have gated were wholly unrelated to any interest the greatest traitor of them all in my trusted spent every dime I· have collected and some manifested or alleged aid given by Senator secretary, Ed Terry. of my own personal funds toward and upon Bn..no to any so-called war contractor. It was Now, gentlemen, I want to thank you sin­ this worthy project. As the custodian of only incidental that for the time being some cerely for your very gracious and . kind con­ the trust funds thus collected I have ad­ of those who participated in presenting these sideration in being patient with me in mak­ ministered the trust to the entire satisfac­ small items-<>ld personal and political ing this statement, and now I will be glad tion of the church, my pastor, my brethren, friends-were so-called war contractotrs. to try to answer any questions that you may and sisters in that church, and the con­ There are at least four apparent, outstand­ have in mind to submit to me . . tributors who have assisted. ing, incomplete or erroneous statements of Please read the evidence on all of the fact in the majority Feport. These are: charges pefore making any decision. I cer­ 1. The r€(!0rd conclusively shows that Sena­ UNITED STATES SENATE, tainly have no objection to submitting the tor Bn.Bo did not in any instance solicit any COMMlTTE'E ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, record and testimony in thts case to the contribution from any person or firm con­ January 2, 1947. Department of Justice. nected with the war effort for any p0liticai MY DE\R SENATOR: Again, I request your T. G.B. purpose. Great effort was made by rigorous indulgence and ask that you read the at­ cross-examination of witnesses to obtain an tached response to the report of the Special JANUARY 2, 1947. admission of such solicitation. Nevertheless, Committee Investigating the National De­ RESPONSE TO REPORT CONCERNING ALLEGED without any evidence to support it, the con­ fense Program. clusion of solicitation is stated in the ma,­ TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN SENATOR THEODORE jority report. The committee report in many respects G. BILBO ANr VARIOUS WAR CONTRACTORS Is based on misconceptions or misunder­ 2. There was a payment by Senator BILBO .standings of the full purport of the evidence. INTRODUCTION of $1,141.35 for taxes that Mo!"rissey should My response points out the inaccuracies in This is response on behalf of Senator THEo­ have paid which was credited en Senator the references to the testimony and demon­ DORE G. BILBO to the report filed by a majority Bn.Bo's debt to Monrissey. This item is strates the erroneous conclusions reached in of the Special Committee Investigating the wholly overlooked in the majority report. the report on both evidence and applicable National Defense Program on its investiga­ 3. No mention of the fact, is made in the law. tion of charges made against him. majority report that 7 of the 10 dcm.ors of Please do not judge me untn you have read Despite the fact that the subcommittee the $500 furniture item at Christmas 1941 and carefully considered the report, the re­ heard 44 witnesses, took 564 pages of tran­ were not in any s-ense war C()ntractors and sponse, and the transcript of the evidence scribed testimony and received 126 exhibits ~ that the three so-called war contractors gave (which should soon be in your hands in m open hearings, yet the majority report in not to exceed a: total of $150 on this Christ­ p?inted form). Upon the real facts I have its effort to justify its criticism and in some mas gift. eonfidence that you will reach a righteous instances condemnation of Senator 'i'HEODORE 4. The equitable title. as shown by deeds, · decision, when and if you may be called G. BILBO, bases many of its findings and con­ will, and other transactions, including other upon to act in any matter affec ing my right ~lusions largely on the disclosuFes of (f) a. statements in evidence in the recol'd here, as to continue to represent and serve the people politically discredited bitter political enemy well as evidence from the president of the of Mississippi who have three times elected of Senator BILBO or (2) of a self-confessed - Bank of Commerce, Robert M. Newton, and me their United States Senator. perjurer and contemptuous traitorous former the representative of the Federal Land Bank The people of your State want you to rep­ seCPetary of Senator BILBO. of New Orleans-, H. H. McLeod, to the land resent them, just as my people want me. I Tl'_e record of the testimony reveals a com­ on which the Juniper Grove Baptist Church am sure you will not permit partisan preju­ plete explanation of every transaction by parsonage was built, was in the deacons of dice or pressure groups to distort your sense Senator Bn.Bo with full corroboration by the Juniper Grove Baptist Church. Neither of justice, although you may sharply disagree witness-es whose veracity is wholly unassailed Senator BlLBo nor either bank could have With my ideologies and views on many sub­ and unimpeached and who appear to be above divested the church authorities 0f this title jects. You may never have agreed with a reproach in every respect as to honesty and and the use of the entire property, including word that I have said, but, like Voltaire, I 1ntegilty. . church, cemetery, and parsonage, regardless am s-ure you will defend my right to say every Every charge that Senator BILBO had re­ of in whose name the bare. legal title may word. ceived money and had accepted personal have been held. This was a fact, as shown With continued appreciation, I am, property and improvements to real estate by the evidence, that was well known to Sincerely yours, from war contractors was first tried before everyone who could possibly have any in­ THEO. G. BILBO. the bar of pUblic opinion in a bitterly con­ terest. in the subject, but it, t.oo, is entirely P. S.-Since dictating the attached letter, tested political primary in Mississippi this overlooked in the majority report regardless my attention has been called to a letter past summer. Senator BILBo was acquitted of the undisputed evidence. purporting to have been signed by the chair­ by the ~ people of Mississippi in no· uncertain Could it not be that other conclusions man of the special eommittee. I must call terms by being renominated over four dis­ reached may be likewise on . a total mis­ your attention to the second paragraph of tinguished opponents by a clear majority of conception of the true facts. disclosed by the this letter which goes further in making 3,834 votes. In the general election he was evidence in the heal'ing? charges than the report itself and, certainly, elected for a third term as United States So far as- the evidence discloses the work beyond the facts contained in the record of Senator without opposition. done on the artificial lake and island, the SUMMARY OF FINDINGS swimming pool, and the painting of the testimony before the subcommittee. bouse for Senator BILBO, were actual bona The letter charges: True, Senator Bn..Bo was diligent in his fide b:Usiness transactions, contracted in the 1. Tha- I solicited political contributions efforts to serve his constituents, some of ordinary course of" business. There was no from war contractors and others whom I had whom were personal or political friends of subterfuge to conceal these transactions. aided before Federal departments. many years, and to have them receive favora­ They a12peared at large on the records of the My answer: This is wholly untrue and not ble consideration for contracts in the war contracting parties, statements of indebted­ supported by evidence. effort and defense program but 1n many ness were presented and requests for pay­ 2. That I accepted personal compensation. cases these c·ontracts here involved were ments were sent to Senator BILBo by those My answer: This is totally untrue.- The awarded on competitive-bid basis wherein to whom he owed the indebtedness. record shows not one dime of compensation Senator BILBO's influence and interest could The so-called loss in the operation t!Jf the paid to me by any person for services ren­ have been of little aid or benefit to anyone. farm by Michael T. Morrissey, whose contracts dered except my salary as a United States The majority report fl.nds no impropriety in were all awarded on competitive-bid basis, Senator. I owe some debts to those who Senator BILBO's efforts to assist any con­ was something over which Senator BILl!o have trusted me but no personal compensa­ tractor but indeed if-there be any impropriety had absolutely no control. Morrissey had his tion has been received by me. then most Senators and Congressmen would own farm managers, employed his own labor, 3. That I accepted gifts. likewise be condemned because all of them made his own expenditures, kept all of the My answer: The only true statement or were, f!ond should have been, active for their records ·and the losses were set up on his charge. These were two Christmas pres­ constituents whom they have the high honor books which were subject to, and inspected ents-a few pieces of furniture and an auto­ to represent In the Congress. by, agents of the Bureau of Internal Revenue. mobile. As to political contributions the record The donation of $30,000 from F. T. Newton, _ 4. That I accepted services. discloses without dispute that Senator BILBO B. L. Knost, and Michael T. Morrissey to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4

1942 political campaign of Wall Doxey for the this project first began only a small amount • connection with the precampaign expendi­ United States Senate in the Mississippi Demo­ has been contributed by residents of the com­ tures for Senator Doxey the total of $5,000. cratic primary were in no sense solicited as munity or members of the church. It ·is a. Senator BILBO did not receive. one penny of · political contributions from Governmen~ church in a poor rural community. the proceeds of this check for $5,000. He did contractors by Senator BILBO. In both in­ For at least 18 years no question was not pay out any of the money so received. stances the checks were payable to Senator raised as to the propriety of Senator BILBO All of it was expended by Robert Gandy who BILBo; he endorsed the checks and turned receiving contributions as a member of the gave a complete accounting. therefor to the them over to Robert Gandy to cash them and building and finance committee of the Juni- subcommittee. through him and others acting with him, the ' per Grove Baptist Church for the building of At the time, B. L. Knost drew . this check expenditures were made. • the church and parsonage. Everyone has on his personal account, he was associated With reference to the $5,000 donated by recognized the propriety of his action and in a joint venture with J. A. Jones Construc­ Knost and Morrissey, Senator BILBO did not hundreds of people from all over Mississippi tion Co. and Newton & Glenn on the Keesler handle a single penny of the money. The and in some instances outside of the State Field project at Biloxi, Miss. Michael T. ~or­ cashing of the check for $5,000 and the en­ have contributed so that this community rissey had been the successful bidder for tire expenditure were made by ltobert Gandy might have an outstanding country church renting dirt-moving equipment, of which he and the .items of the expenditure ·were sup­ proje_ct. We can see no impropriety in that was the owner, to the Corps of Engineers, at ported by an account which was received in which Senator BILBO did in connection with Mobile, Ala., and the contractors on the Kees­ evidence by the subcommittee. the Juniper Grove Baptist Church and par­ ler Field project. As to the $25,000 item, the four checks sonage. Indeed the majority finds that there There is nothing in the recocd to justify totaling the amount were made payable to was no personal gain to Senator BILBO from the conclusion that this money was solicited Senator BILBO, were endorsed by him and the Juniper Grove Baptist Church parsonage by Senator BILBO within the meaning, pur'­ turned over to Robert Gandy, who obtained donations but that all of the donations went port, or intent of section 61-M-1 of title 18, the cash therefor and delivered the cash to to this project. United States Code. To the contrary Mr. the so-called informal committee of which We conclude, therefore, that the true evi­ Knost an_d Senator BILBO both swore posi­ Senator BILBO was actin3 as a member. The dence presented to the committee clearly in­ tively that there was no solicitation by Sen­ expenditure of this $25,000 was fully and dicates that Senator BILBO was guilty of no ator BILiio but that the contribution was completely explained arid accounted for by impropriety as a United States Senator and voluntarily made on the part of Knost and Senator BILBO, Robert Gandy, Forrest Jack­ that he did rtot in any instance use his high Morrissey from their personal funds because son, A. B. Friend, Roland Wall, and Cecil offica for his personal gain in his dealings with of their friendship for and great interest in Travis. ·In fact,. this committee expended war contractors or any other persons. the success of Senator Doxey. more than the $25,000 and at the conclusion we· shall discuss the evidence produced in On or about September 3, 1942, A. B. Friend, of the campaign three of the members of the committee's public hearings under the who was devoting a large portion of his time the committee, not including Senator BILBO, same four separate categories used in the in connection with other friends of Senator were indebted for money obtained from the majority report: Doxey in the primary campaign, talked with Deposit Guaranty Bank & Trust Co., of Jack­ Senator BILBO. who was then in Washington. son, Miss., in the sum of $5,000, which has 1. Sums of money received by Senator Bilbo In the course o' the conversation it was sug­ been repaid by them down to a balance from war contmctors used in the 1942 gested that there be a political rally of out:. of $1,000 at the date of the hearings. Mississippi senatorial campaign standing. citizens of Mississippi interested in True, donations and solicitations of politi­ Senator Pat Harrison, of Mississippi, died Senator Doxey's election, which rally was held cal contributions from Government contrac­ on June 22, 1941. His term of office expired on September 7, 1942. A. B. Friend sent out tors while they are negotiating or perform­ . in January 1943. Senator JAMES 0. EASTLAND letters to approximately 500 citizens of Mis­ ing such contracts is prohibited by title 18, was given the interim appointment by the sissippi requesting their attendance at this section 61-M-1, United States Code, but as Governor of Mississippi and thereafter· a spe­ rally to be held on September 7. One of these heretofore pointed out there is not one scin­ cial ele~tion was called for the purpose of 500 letters was sent to F. T. Newton and a tilla of evidence in this record that Senator electing someone to fill the unexpired term of copy of the letter is set forth as appendix 2 BILBO violated this law by soliciting a penny Senator Harrison. In this campaign Wall in the majofity report. The purpose of the by way of political contributions from any Doxey, then Congressman from the Second rally was to stimulate interest in and inci- Government contractor. Mississippi Congressional District, was a can­ , dentally to collect funds necessary for the In receiving the checks from so-called didate and he was opposed by Ross A. Collins, expenses of Wall Doxey's campaign. At this war contractors Senator BILBO had. the right Congressman from the Fifth Mississippi meeting on September 7 several speeches were to presume that the gentlemen making the Congressional District. Collins, who claims made to the approximately 300 people there contributions were not law violators and, to have initiated this investigation, was de­ gathered. These 300 people came from prac­ indeed, he is justifi<'d in that presumption feated in that election and Wall Doxey be­ tically-every county in Mississippi, and there since, although 4 years have passed since came the junior United States Senator from are 82 counties in the State. After this meet­ such contributions were made and the facts - Mississippi. Senator BILBO was politicallY. ing on September 7, 1942, a number of con­ with reference thereto have been notorious friendly to Senator Doxey in that campaign tributions were made to the regular Wall throughout Mississippi, yet the Department and the friends of Senator Doxey in Doxey campaign organization situated about of Justice and_no Federal- agency or other Mississippi continued a political organization three blocks west of the Royal Hotel, Jackson. authority has made any attempt to prosecute since it was apparent that Senator Doxey There were also some contributions made any allege~ violations of this statute by would offer for reelection for the full term. to the informal group that had headquarters either or any of the parties in question. In 1942 Senator Doxey was again opposed in the Royal Hotel. Among these contribu­ Reference is made in the majority report by Ross A. Collins and also by Senator JAMES tions were four checks totaling $25,000 drawn that F. T. Newton attempted to charge the 0. EASTLAND, Roland Wall, and Douglas by F. T. Newton on the firm account of amount of the contribution as expenses o~ Smith. In the first primary held on August Newton & Glenn who happened to be mem­ his books of account. May we point out that. 25, 1942; Senator Doxey and Senator EAsT­ bers of the coadventure engaged in the con­ Senator BILBO could in no sense be charged LAND were the high candidates of the five· struction of Keesler Field at Biloxi. The with the bookkeeping accounts of Mr. New­ .and were in the second or run-off Democratic checks were not drawn on the coadventure ton or anyone else and indeed the auditors primary held on September 15, l942. account or accounts but were drawn on and of Mr. Newton without any suggestion from Robert Gandy with others in Mississippi from the personal funds of the copartnership the Internal Revenue Department changed was attempting to finance the preprimary composed of Newton & Glenn. The testi­ the entries to show the true facts. efforts on behalf of Senator Doxey for re­ mony is without dispute that there was no Senator BILBO is also criticized by the ma­ election. On June 12, 1942, B. L. Knost and solicitation by Senator BILBO from F. T. New­ jority report for collecting from many per­ Michael T. Morrissey were at dinner in the ton of this contribution and there was noth­ sons contributions for the building of Juniper home of Mr. Knost with Senator BILBO. The ing on the checks or in the entire transaction Grove Baptist Church and the parsonage. It testimony shows without dispute that Knost to indicate that the_funds were coming from 1s asserted that at least $7,300 of the total and Morrissey inquired of Senator BILBO as a war contractor as such. collected was from war contractors who had to the progress being made with the cam­ These four checks were endorsed by Sena­ been aided by Senator BILBO. Let us point paign of Senator Doxey for reelection; that tor BILBO and delivered to Robert Gandy, who out that contributions for religious and Senator BILBO advised them that funds as­ likewise endorsed them, and Gandy received charitable purposes are recognized as a cording to his information were coming in the cash therefor from the Deposit Guaranty whol~some public policy .because in every rather slowly. Thereupon Knost and Mor­ Bank & Trust Co. and delivered the cash internal revenue act that the Congress has rissey voluntarily offered to contribute with­ back to Forrest Jackson, Robert Gandy, A. B. enacted provision has been made in recogni­ out solicitation from Senator BILBO $2,500 Friend, and Senator THEODORE G. BILBO, WhO tion of the right of every person to make such each to the campaign funds of Senator Doxey. wer-e acting as individuals in an informal contributions and to have the same deducted The check was made by B. L. Knost on his committee interested in the success of Wall in their income-tax returns. Reference is personal account, not out of war-contract Doxey's campaign for nomination in the made to the fact that the so-called war con­ funds, payable to Senator BILBO. Senator Democratic primary. tractors contributing to this worthy project BILBO endorsed the check and delivered it to All of the members of this informal com­ were not residents of Poplarville, Miss., nor Robert Gandy. Robert Gandy in turn cashed mittee testified positively and without con­ members of that church. 'I'he record dis­ the check at the Deposit Guaranty Bank & tradiction that the $25,000 and other con­ closes that of the total amount collected and Trust Co., in Jackson, Miss., and Robert tributions were received. and were disbursed expended by Senator BILBO since 1928 when Gandy thereupon disbursed for expenses in b__y them in the interest of- Senator Doxey's 1947 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE 105 campaign with the final ·results that Gandy, 1942, Senator BILBO called Forrest Jackson "Mr. MEADER. Who did ask you for the Jackson, and Friend were personally indebted who was then at the Markham Hotel in Gulf- money? to the Deposit Guaranty Bank & Trust co., of port, Miss., and advised Jackson that there "Mr. NEWTON. There didn't anybody ask Jackson, in the sum of $5,000 besides other was only $2,000 left in the common fund and me direct. accounts that made up a deficit of their there were the outstanding $5,000 note at the "Mr. MEADER. How did he ask you? activities, in the interest of Senator Doxey's Deposit Guaranty Bank & Trust Co. and other ·· "Mr. NEWTON. They had this meeting campaign. Their testimony is corroborated items of expense that would necessarily have tb£re, this political meeting. by Cecil Travis and by Roland Wall. Travis to be paid. Senator BILBO asked Jackson what "Mr. ME~DER. You said before that had acknowledged that he received $11,000 of should be done under the circumstances and nothing to do with y<>ur giving the money. money from the informal group and Roland Jackson requested Senator BILBO to use the "Mr. NEWTON. They said they needed Wall acknowledged that he received slightly $2,000 for the legitimate campaign expenses, money. in excess of $8,000 from the same group; using the expression "shoot the works," which "Mr. MEADER. But you said that wasn't the $7,500 of the contributions received on Sep- Senator- BILBO did and thereby all of the reason you gave it. tember 7 were used to repay a loan that common fund of the informal group was ex- "Mr. NEWTON. It wasn't. My reason for Forrest Jackson and Robert Gandy had ob- pended and the deficit occurred. giving it was a personal reason, and the per­ tained from the First National Banlt of With reference to "operating deficits" in sonal reason was because I ·had lost a job Hattiesburg for use in the Wall Doxey cam- political campaigns in Mississippi, the record up here that we had already been told we had. paign and $2,500 of the common fund were discloses that there is nothing unusual about "Mr. MEADER. And nobody asked you about used to repay a note at the Deposit Guaranty these deficits occurring and indeed we may · giving a donation or urgPQI. you to give a dona­ Bank & Trust co., the proceeds of which assume · that it is common knowledge . that tion before you made it? had likewise been expended in the Wall many political campaigns wind up with sub- Doxey campaign. stantial deficits. There is no indication of "Mr. NEWTON. No, sir. I wasn't singled out; I wasn't aslted for one dime personally." No account of the receipts and disburse- impropriety in paying off such deficits, indeed ments by the group at the Royal Hotel in- common honesty requires the payment of 2. Gratuities ar benefits received by Senator . terested in the election of Senator DJxey honest indebtedness regardless of how it may Bilbo from war contractors was kept nor was there any report filed with arise. The settlement of "operating deficits" Our analysis of the majority report and of any officer of the state of Mississippi, there of defeated candidates has been practiced in its discussion of alleged gratuities and bene­ being no law requiring the keeping of any Mississippi politics according to this record fits will follow the order used in that report. such records or the making of an:v such re- for many years without criticism by anyone. Senator BILBO received a Cadillac car as a ports in a primary election in Mississippi. We therefore conclude that there was nothing Christmas gift, which from the undisputed However, Robert Gandy did maintain and improper in the payment to Roland Wall and evidence is a custom which has prevailed in presented for the consideration of this com- to Cecil Travis of the amounts they acknowl- edged to have received. Mississippi and perhaps elsewhere for many mittee a personal record of the amounts While there was little documentary evi- years in that many high public officials have which he personally received and expended. dence from which it can be ascertained pre- · been given automobiles and other valuable ·Mr. Gandy did not personally expend the cisely the names of contributors, the amounts gifts by their admirers and friends. It ap­ $25,000 received from F . T. Newton. This pears that the gentleman who presented this amount with other contributions received received, or the amounts expended ye'; there is positive evidence as hereinabove deline- Christmas gift is a man of considerable on September 7 went into a common fund ated demonstratir+g that all of the money wealth, engaged in many diverse activities; and from this common fund some amounts received by the so-called informal committee that he has been a personal and political were delivered t<> Mr. Gandy which he en- was expended in· the interest of the Wall friend of Senator BILBO for more than 20 tered as receiving and from these receipts Doxey campaign. The gentlemen who re- years; that before this gift was presPLted, he showed his disbursements and his ac- ceived and disbursed the funds stated post- Morrissey, the donor, asked Ed P. Terry, then count, exhibited in evidence, shows that he tively that all of the money received was dis- secretary to Senator BILBo, as to the propriety personally concluded with a deficit. bursed for the campaign and that $5,000 and of the gift and was advised by Terry that it While it is true that there was a notation some current accounts in addition thereto was entirely proper. There was no secret by Mr. Gandy in his personal account that remained over and above to be paid after about the gift. It was well known through­ the $5,000 Knost check was a loan, he ex- all of the contributions had been expended. out Mississippi and the people had this matter plained in detail that this notation had no This evidence is undisputed and these wit- presented to them in Senator BILBO's recent significance and that he did not pay the nesses are unimpeached and their honesty campaign for reelectio-n, and by their over­ $5,000 ;)ack either to Senator BILBO or to Mr. and integrity have .not been questioned by whelming vote determined that there was no Knost. Gandy considered the $5,000 by his any witnesses or other evidence in this record. impropriety in his accepting the Cadillac car. actions as a contribution. Senator BILBO and We therefore conclude that it has been With reference to the furniture for Dream Mr. Knost both testified that this $5,000 was shown with certainty that all of the funds House No. 2, consisting of a sofa, three a contribution to Wall Doxey's campaign. received from war contractors and others chairs, three floor lamps, and two table The only possible criticism of Senator were in fact completely expended for the Wall lamps, of the total value of $500, they were BILBO is that he permitted these checks for Doxey campaign and that no individual purchased by Edward.P. Terry, then secretary political campaign contributions, both the wrongfully profited one penny from S\lCh to Senr.tor BILBO, and Robert Gandy; an­ $25,000 and the $5,000 to be made payable to contributions. other old-time friend, and were presented him, and yet the fact in and of itself demon- Under the facts disclosed by this record as a Christmas gift with a card containing strates that there was no effort at conceal- we cannot see any pertinency of the Federal 10 names of supposed friends, including ment or subterfuge and further indicates to statute, passed July 19, 1940, title 18, section three so-called war contractors. Terry and the right-thinking person that there was no 61-M-1, of the United States Code, to any Gandy bought the furniture from R. E. Ken­ idea of wrongdoing in connection with these disclosure of the action of Senator BILBO in nington Co. at Jackson, Miss., went to the contributions. If Senator BILBO bad wanted the political campaign_ for the election of Deposit Guaranty Bank & Trust Co. at to bide, cover up, or prevent anyone from Senator Doxey in 1942. Senator BILBO did Jackson, borrowed $500 on their joint note knowing all about these contributions, be not admit but, to the contrary, denied that and paid cash from the proceeds of the loan could have easily arranged it otherwise than he solicited $5,000 from B. L. Knost or $25,000 for the furniture. Terr:v attached the card to hav·e the checks payable to him. - from F. T. Newton or any other amount from containing the names of the 10 purported Senator Doxey bad a regular official cam- any so-called war contractor. (See testimony donors. Subsequently Terry collected vari­ paign manager, Mr. Lee D. Hall, of Columbia, of B. L. Knost, Monday, December 16, 1946.) ous amounts from individuals throughout Miss. Mr. Hall filed an accounting of re- Here is the record: Mississippi, representing that the donations ceipts and disbursements, and there was "Senator FERGUSON. Can't you give more of were to be used for the repayment of the offered in evidence by Mr. Hall a detailed what took place there when you gave $2,500 amount expended for the furniture. The statement of receipts and disbursements. and Morrissey $2,500 and you gave the check? note remained unpaid until Terry requested Senator Doxey bad no knowledge of many "Mr. KNosT. Can't I give you more of what, M. T. Reed to pay the note for him at the of the items collected in his behalf and did sir? Deposit Guaranty Bank & Trust Co. Reed not know that F. T. Newton had contributed "Senator FERGUSON. More of the details of complied with Terry's request. the $25,000 toward his campaign until after what took place. Didn't Senator BILBO ask The remaining items in the majority report the campaign was over. He first learned of you for a donation for the campaign? are items of indebtedness with the exception it from Edward P. Terry, former secretary to "Mr. KNOST. No, sir. of the $48,023.98, operating losses while Senator BILBo. He next learned of it from "Senator FERGUSON. Didn't he ask Morris- Michael T. Morrissey was operating the Bilbo Senator BILBO. He had the knowledge con- sey? farm consisting of approximately 3,300 acres, firmed by F. T. Newton on October 9, 1942. "Mr. KNOST. No, sir." with all improvements, farm machinery, live- The total expenditures were·explained to him (S_ee testimony of F. T. Newton.) stock, and equipment. · by Robert Gandy shortly aft~ October 9, 1-94:;!. Here is the record: In January 1943 Senator BILBO rearranged The record therefore discloses that all of "Mr. MEADER. Mr. Newton, why did you his existing loan with the Federal Land Bank the funds collected for the Doxey campaign make these checks out to Senator BILBO? of New Orleans, which was not a new loan were expended in the interest of that cam- "Mr. NEWTON. Because I wanted them or increase of pending loan, but was solely to paign and in addition there was a deficit since properly spent. change the terms of the loan. At this time the expenditures exceeded the total contribu- "Mr. MEADER. And he also was the one who he signed a financial statement prepared by tions. The testimony shows that on the asked you for the money, wasn't he? the local secretary of the farm-loan asso­ night before the primary of September 15, "Mr. NEWTON. No, sir, ciation. The association secretary at the J06 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 time advised Senator BILBO that it was only effort to collect it, depending upon the be­ 1 year, paying after such -losses· in excess of necessary to show the items of indebtedness lief that Senator BILI!O would ultimately pay $150,000 in income taxes from all of his varied which the secretary of the association had the account. operations and investments. written on the blank financal statement. At the time this work was p·erformed the Senator BILBO testified that there was no Therefore this purported financial statement St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc., had a con­ benefit to him arising from this farm opE(ra­ did not include the total indebtedness of tract which they had obtained on a com­ tion except Morrissey paid 3 ,years' tax.es and Senator BILBO. petitive bid from the War Department and was supposed to have paid the fourth year Morrissey used some equipment which. he the contractors constructing Keesler Field but Senat or ·BILBO discovered that his prop­ owned and which had, up to that time, not to furnish mixed concrete at a fixed price erty was about to be sold for taxes in August been engaged in. any war contract to build per cubic yard. The. record shows that Sena­ 1946 because Morrissey had overlooked the a dam for a 15-acre lake, surrounding an tor BILBO had absolutely nothing to. do with paying of the taxes. Senator BILBO paid island on which Dream House No. 2 was the obtaining of this contract for the St. $1,141.35 ad valorem taxes and credited this - built by Senator· BILBO. Morrissey had Catherine Gravel Co., Inc., but that the amount against the indebtedness to Morris­ agreed with Senator BILBO on Morrissey's own contract was obtained upon the basis of the sey for the lake and island construction job, offer and proposition to do this work for ac­ best bid offered for the concrete to be fur­ which was agreeable to Morrissey. To illus­ tual cost of labor and fuel necessary to op­ nished. trate his testimony of no benefits to him or erate his equipment. In turn, Senator BILBO M. T. Reed, copartner of M. T. Reed Con­ his. property, Senator BILBO stated without. permitted Morrissey to occupy the residence. struction Co., offered to paint Dream House dispute that Morrissey returned the property of Senator BILBO during the few weeks nec­ No. 1 for Senator BILBO at a price of cost of to him, including livestock and equipment, essary to perform the work. After the work labor and materials plus 10-percent overhead in a much worse cond!tion, consequently re­ was completed Morrissey submitted a bill or plus 10-percent profit. This offer was ac­ duced in amount and greatly depleted in statement showing an indebtedness from cepted by Senat9r BILBO, the· contract was value, than . it was when c'lelivered to Mor-:­ Senator BILBO to him of $3,672.91. On this thereupon entered into, and the worlt was rissey. N.o permanent improvements were ·account Senator BILBO is entitled to a credit performed. A statement of .tl::..e account was made by Morrissey during the 4 years ex­ of $~,141.35 , the amor~1t of taxes paid by sent to Senator BILBO, which was acknowl­ cept wme terracing of pasture and farm lands Senator BILBO in August 1945, which taxes edged by him. Since that time Senator under the AAA program of the. Federal Gov­ Morrissey was under contract to pay, as will BILBo. has delivered to Mr. Reed 400 pounds ernment which coul-d have been done regard­ be discussed under the farm-rental agree­ of paper-shell pecans for which $200 has been less of whether Morrissey had been in charge ment later in this statement. While Mor­ credited against the paint bill. Both · Mr. of the property or not. Morrissey was paid rissey testified that he was of opinion that Reed and Senator BILBO stated that the bal­ by the AA.A authorities for the terracing work he had moved from 15v,OOO to :i. 65,000 cubic ance of this account is. still owing and that and this item was reported as a part of the yards of earth, A. B. Friend, the engineer, it will be paid. True, Mr. Reed attempted receipts from the operation of the farm. who had actually surveyed the lake site, in­ to show this as a bad debt for income-tax There is nothing unusual about this method cluding the earthen dam, &tated that Mor­ purposes in 1941 but his effort was disallowed of operation. The entire tenant and share·­ rissey's estimate was· excessive. Col. John and it stands as a1: accounts receivable on cropper system works largely on the same L . Person, of the Corps of United States the records of Mr. Reed. basis in the South. Army engineers, looked at a picture taken With reference to the statute of limita­ There is no evidence that J\.lstifies any con­ some years after the project was completed tions in Mississippi on open accounts it is clusion that the statements of Senator BILBO and after the lake had partially filled with our understanding that to claim this statute with reference to these various items. of debt, water and from such observation of a pho­ is a matter of personal priyi!ege to a debtor. corroborated by the others involved, were not tograph he estimated the value of the ex­ Senator BILBO stated positively that he had in accord with the exact claim of Senator cavation work would have run from $3{,500 never in his lifetime pleaded and would not BILBO . The evidence does not justify any to $37,950. Colonel Person admitted, how­ plead any statute of limitatfons on an honest conclusion that the evidence given by Sen­ ,ever, that for a proper estimate to have been debt nor had he ever talten advantage of the ator BILBO and the corroborating testimony. made it would be necessary for him to have National Bankruptcy Act. In · addition it is a mere "subterfuge manufactured for the surveyed the site in question and to have might be stated that Senator BILBO has ac­ occasion of this committee hearing." made cross sections of the earth actually knowledged in writing the receipt of the Again we point out that all of these vari­ statements and the indebtedness represented removed. Regardless of any estimate the ac­ ous items were ful~y discussed in a hQ,tly tual cost to Senator BILBO was $3,672.91, and by such statements in most of these cases, contested political campaign in which Sen­ in which event the statute of limitations in he has made . paymet•.t on this indebtedness ator BILBO ~as opposed by. four distinguished of $1,141.35 by the credit above:..mentioned, Mississippi is· 6 years and therefore none of such debts are yet barred by any statute. , · Mississippians and the people of Mississippi, and Senator BILBO states that he still con­ after hearing all the charges put in their siders it a debt and will pay Morrissey in full The matter of the, gift of the new Cadillac ··worst light, together with any and all im­ when funds are available. sedan as a Christmas present at Christmas plications that might be drawn therefrom, Senator BILBO about Apri11942 was engaged 1941 has already been discussed In this re­ -returned Senator BILBO for a third term ' in in attempting to build a swimming pool on port. This Is likewise true with reference to the 'united States Senate by· a clear major- hi property near Poplarville. Mr. John R. the $500 of household furnishings delivered . ity of 3,834 over these 4 opponents in the Junkin, president of the St. Catherine Gravel to Dream House No. 2. It might be pointe!! .first primary. out, however, that there is no indebtedness co., Inc.,' a business that. has been in . We submit that there is no evidence to successful operation for appro:ximately 50 . in connection with this transaction from .justify . the conclusion . that Senator BrLEo years, all of the · capital stock of Which is Senator BILBo toM. T. Reed. The indebted­ has been-· guilty of any illegal practice in owned by John R. Junkin and his brother ness ·would be from Edward P. Terry. and any instance in violation of existing Federal William Junkin, used a mixing machine with Robert Gandy, the comakers of the note, to statutes. M. T. Reed. Senator BILBo received the fur­ sand and gravel and. most of the cement niture as a Christmas gift. There could be 3. Funds paid to Senator Bilbo for the con­ furnished by Senator· B~Bo in mixing con­ no indebtedness. of Senator BILBO in this struction of Juniper Grove Baptist Church crete to be poured into forms which Senator type of transaction. , and pa1·sonage BILliO had personally constructed. Mr. Jun­ kin and his brother have for many years been For the 4-year period, 1942 through 1945, Senator BILBO is a member in· good stand­ close personal and political friends of Morrissey and Senator BILBO had an agree:. ing of Juniper Grove Baptist Church. This Senator BILBO. Mr . .Junkin testified with­ ment under which Senator BILBO let all of church was established · by- Senator BILBo's out. dispute that he instructed his book­ his farm properties, consisting of approxi­ father and'others in that community in 1856. keeper to enter the item of $1,194.70, the mately 3,300 acres in Pearl River County, The first two acres of -land were donated by actual cost of the work done by emplo{ees Miss., to Morrissey . . The agreement was that Senator BILBo's father to the church and of St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc., on the Morrissey was to pay all operating expenses thereafter there have been constructed on swimming pool in the· books of the cor­ and a'd valorem taxes assessed against the this and adjoining lands four houses of wor­ pcration as a charge to the personal accounts ·property. Senator BILBO delivered to Mor­ ship, including the present structure. The rissey one truck, six farm wagons, two trac­ of John R. Junkin and William Junkin and church is just in front and across the road tors, livestock, poultry, farming tools and from Senator BILBo's home. The church that a bill ba sent to Senator BILBO for the equipment-in fact everything going with a amount. A bill was sent marked. "paid in plant or,project consists of a brick two-story, farm operation. In addition there was a basement and balcony, colonial type struc­ full" by the St. Catherine Gravel Co., Inc. large pecan grove, a pear orchard and tung­ ture, with 19 Sunday school rooms and two Some time later Mr. Junkin discovered the nut grove. It was agreed that whatever profit auditoriums. To the south of the church error, called the matter to the attention of there should be in the transaction this would building is the cemetery or burial 'ground, th~ income tax agents of the Internal Rev­ be divided equally between Senator BILBO the land for which was likewise donated by enue Bureau; the entries were corrected and and Morrissey but ·Morrissey was to absorb · Senator BILBo's father. To the original gifts Mr. Junkin and his brother paid the corpora­ any loss. The record discloses a total loss, of land Senator BILBO has personally given tion income taxes on the item as income. Mr. as shown by Morrissey's income-tax returns two additional acres several years ago. And Junkin stated and Senator BILBO corroborated of $48,023.48 for income-tax purposes. Mor­ adjoining this land to the south and just the statement that the indebtedness of rissey further testified that there was nothing north of a. public highway there is approxi- $1,194.70 was still due by Senator . BILBO to unusual about the loss and gave as illustra­ . mately two acres on which the church par­ John R. Junkin and William· Junkin. indi­ tion that on another farm operation which sonage has been constructed but has not yet vidually but that neither had made any he had at the same time he lost $65,000 in been fully completed. The parsonage por- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 107 tion o! the property includes a dwelling 4. Other matters not directly related to war Jackson have made any efforts to collect house, a barn, a servant's house, a laundry, contracts from Senator BILBO the money paid on his a two-way garage, and a chicken house. · The A. The Shushan Note note to Grant Stewart, who in turn paid entire property is surrounded by a colonial Abraham L. Shushan. Senator ;BILBO testi­ fence constructed of cypress. The record disclosed that on or about July 21, 1938, Senator BILBO received from Grant fied, however, that he still owed these gen-· The record discloses without dispute that Stewart, a merchant of New Hebron, Miss., tlemen for the amount they had paid to Senator BtLBO is a duly elected member of the sum of $3,000 to be used by Senator Grant Stewart and Edward P. Terry. · There the building and finance committee of this BILBO as a part of a cash alimo·ny settlement 1s nothing in this transaction for which there church, his election appearing on the minutes of $21,750, which was a property .settlement can be either criticism or condemnation, and of the church congregation and exhibited in by Senator BILBO with his ex-wife. Some it ha.s absolutely no connection with the evidence. In 1944 when. Senator BILBO was days prior thereto Senator BILBO had re­ war effort. quite ill and it became necessary for him to quested Mr. Stewart to lend him the money. B. The Narcotics Charge go to Mayo's Clinic at Rochester for a serious Mr. Stewart stated he did not have the funds operation, he delivered a deed to the chancery As stated by the majority report, this mat­ personal~y but would obtain t;hem and bring ter is wholly a:;ide from any connection with clerk or recorder of deeds of Pearl River Coun­ them to Senator BILBO's home at noon on ty, Miss., in which the parsonage acreage is war contracts. It was a matter, however, the day before the divorce matter was to be that was developed in an investigation con­ located, deeding to the deacons of the church concluded. Accordingly Mr. Stewart brought full and complete title to the property on ducted by agents of the · Internal Revenue the money. Some time later Mr. Stewart ad­ Bureau in April 1946, which records were which the parsonage is situated, with the vised Senator· BILBO that he had borrowed understanding that if he should die this deed made available to this committee and again the money from Abraham L. Shushan, a dry­ in October 1946, Investigator Lane, of the should be delivered to the deacons and at goods merchant of Jackson, Miss., and New the same time he executed his last will and committee, made an investigation for the Orleans, La., and that Mr. Shushan wanted committee of the matters involved. Both testament and set up a commission with in­ a note for the amount of $3,000. Senator structions and powers to sell his additional BILBO and Grant Stewart gave their note to of these investigations were upon informa­ property to pay off any indebtedness on the Abraham L. Shushan, dated July 21, 1938, for tion furnished by Edward P : Terry, ex-secre­ parsonage and enlarged cemetery lands the sum of $3,000. Mr. Shushan insisted in tary of Senator BILBo. which would free it from any record or legal his testimony that he made the loan entirely In, the course of the hearings when Terry encumbrances that were at the time held by on the credit of and to Grant Stewart--not was being interrogated with reference to the the Bank of Commerce and the Federal Land knowing Senator BILBO, but knowing Grant· sum of $15,000 in cash which he had de­ Bank of New Orleans. Subsequently, Sena­ Stewart. posited in the Jackson State National Bank tor BILBO delivered corrective deed to the In 1940 Shushan began efforts to collect the at Jackson, Miss., on September 8, 1945, and said chancery clerk in which the legal de­ note in question from Grant Stewart and was which he had withdrawn in cash from that scription of the lands in question were more continually pressing Stewart for payment as institution in July 1946, and after the re­ completely stated. shown by the letters exhibited in evidence by election of .Senator BILBO for the third term, Since 1928 when Senator BILBo was then :Mr. Shushan. In 1939 Senator BILBO had Terry stated that at the time he made the Governor of Mississippi, in his second term contacted the Chief Counsel of the Bureau of $15,000 deposit, and in order to fix the time as such, he has been engaged in collecting Internal Revenue in an effort to assist in in his own mind he recalled that he had had funds for the building of this church, ceme­ having the Bureau settle a civil suit on an a conversation with Dr. A. J. Podesta, of tery, and parsonage project and has at all income-tax liability of Mr. Shushan. The Vicksburg, Miss., and that Dr. Podesta told times stated to the world at large by letter Bureau eventually collected most of the him that he, Podesta, had given Senator and otherwise that the funds were being ex­ claimed liability. BILBo $1,500 which John Carr, of Natchez, pended for a religious purpose ln the con­ In 1940, at the time Shushan was attempt­ had given to Dr. Podesta for Senator BILBO struction of a country church plant to ad­ ing to collect the note from Grant Stewart, in appreciation for services rendered by Sen­ minister to the religious needs of a very poor Edward P. Terry contacted Robert M. New­ ator BILBO in connection with the Narcotics .inland community. It is apparent from this ton, Forrest Jackson, and Grant Stewart ad­ Bureau. The service was that Carr, a drug record that of all the funds collected for this vising that Shushan was going to give ·some addict of 35 or 40 years, was in need of the worthy project only a very small amount has publicity to the note transaction that might maximum amount of morphine that could been contributed by the membership of the prove embarrassing to Senator BILBO in his be given by a reputable physician's prescrip­ church or by residents of the immediate com­ senatorial campaign and in his efforts as a tion. It wa.s at this time that Terry stated munity. The plant is now practically com­ speaker for the National Democratic Com­ that he had received the $15,000 from Simon pleted and the parsonage will be occupied by mittee in certain doubtful States. The note Liberman, of New York, for the purpose o! the pastor of the church in a few days and was paid by Grant Stewart to Abraham L. getting some candidate to oppose Senator there will be a complete dedication, which Shushan. BILBO in his race for reelection, Terry and his involves the certification that all debts are In July or August 1940, the record being in wife at the time being employed in Senator paid, on April 27, 1947, the date having dispute on the exact date, Robert Newton, BILBo's office. On being questioned as to already been fixed. president of the Bank of Commerce, of Pop­ what had become of the $15,000 after Terry The mortgages heretofore on the lands in larville, Miss.; Edward P. Terry, then secre­ had stated that he was unable to obtain a question have all been released. The Bank tary to Senator BILBo; Grant Stewart, one of candidate in opposition to Senator BILBO • of Commerce and the Federal land bank and the original comakers of the note; and For­ that he thought could defeat Senator BILBo­ all the people of Mississippi have been advised rest Jackson, attorney of Jackson, Miss., he stated he had paid the money back to Mr. of the condition of the title and all have Stewart, Newton, and Jackson having been Liberman after the • July 1946 withdrawal recognized that the funds collected were trust for many years close personal an~ political from the bank at Jackson. When faced with funds; that the equitable title to the prope,rty friends of Senator BILBO, each paid $750 to the proposition that Simon Liberman had was vested by reason of the fiduciary relation­ Grant Stewart for the purpose of paying the died on January 5, 1946, and that he was ship existing under the laws of Mississippi in Shushan indebtedness. Subseque~ltly Sena­ therefore guilty of perjury, Terry refused to the church authorities regardless of where tor BILBO paid Grant Stewart $750 and For­ further answer questions of the committee, the bare legal title may be. rest Jackson paid Edward P. Terry the and the committee gave instructions that We can find no material difference between amount he had advanced by giving a check Terry be cited for contempt of the Senate. this type of philanthropic enterprise and for $500 to Terry and a check of $250 to Grant Therefore, the. entire basis for the charge and other outstanding ones, in which we might Stewart, it appearing that there was some the intimation comes from a confessed per­ mention the Warm Springs Foundation, in­ arrangement between Stewart and Terry jurer and one who is presently under charge cluding the March of Dimes. with reference to the $250 amount. Forrest of contempt of the Senate, and we do not We conclude therefore that on this record Jackson was not a war contractor, Robert believe his testimony is worthy of any there was no impropriety for Senator BILBO Newton was not a war contractor. Grant credence. . to request contributions to the Juniper Stewart · was not a war contractor. Terry The facts Q.eveloped from the investiga­ Grove Baptist Church and parsonage, admin­ was .at that time Senator BILBO's secretary. tion by the Bureau of Internal Revenue, by istered by him under the law of Mississippi Forrest Jackson in 1942, by arrangement with the investigation of Mr. Lane for the com­ and under the rules and practices of the the United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co., mittee, by the affidavits of John Carr, Dr. Baptist faith. Senator BILBO has done no of Baltimore, Md., through its general agents, J. G. Logan, and Dr. A. J. Podesta, including more than thousands of other religious, edu­ Robinson & Julienee, of Jackson, Miss., Senator BILBo, are briefly as follows: cational, charitable, and po1it1cal organiza­ brokered the insurance binder on the Key Carr, a drug addict, through Dr. J. G. Logan, tions and individuals have done in soliciting Field contract, for which he and his law of Natchez, Miss., and Dr. A. J. Podesta, of funds from·the g_eneral public. The pastors, firm received approximately $900, of which Vicksburg, Miss., desired to obtain the maxi­ the deacons, and the membership of the .amount Jackson received $445 gross. Jack­ mum morphine permitted to be administered Juniper Grove Baptist Church, and all con­ son's law firm was attorney for the Volx Con­ ·under the rules and regulations of the Bureau tributors have at all times been happy and struction Co., Rock City Construction Co., of Narcotics. Drs. Podesta and Logan gave completely satisfied in the way in which A. B. Friend, and Flynt-Jordan Construc­ appropriate certificates certifying to Mr. Senator BILBO has handled these funds since tion Co. during the time .tnat these ailsociat­ Carr's need for the drug. Senator BILBo pre­ 1928 in the building of this memorial church ed contractors were engaged in the con­ sented these affidavits to Mr. Harry J. An· project and instead of censuring lle. should struction of Key Field u.t Meridian, Miss., m slinger, Commissioner of Narcotics in Wash­ be commended. 1942, Neither Robert Newton or · Forrest ington. Mr. Anslinger testified that there 108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 was nothing unusual or out of the ordinary the Juniper Grove Baptist Church and par­ McMahon Pepper Thomas, Utah about this practice; that he went to Senator sonage fund. Senator BILEO was not advised Magnuson Reed Tobey BILBo's office, saw the affidavits of Drs. Logan of Dr. Podesta's final statement or that of May bank Revercomb Tydings Dr. Logan or that of Mr. Carr when he testi­ Millikin Robertson, Wyo. Wagner and Podesta, and on October 11, 1945, wrote Moore Russell Wherry to Dr. Logan advising Dr. Logan that there fied in the hearing before the committee. Morse S!:tltonstall White was no objection to prescribing up to 2 His statement was, however, that he had not Murray Stewart Wiley grains of morphine daily for Mr. Carr; that knowingly received any thousand dollars from Myers Taft Wilwn an independent investigation was made that Dr. Podesta or .from John A. Carr for Juniper O'Daniel Taylor Young fully justified the affidavits of Drs. Logan· and Grove Baptist Church fund. Overton Thomas, Okla. Podesta and that Carr was entitled to have Under this state of the record there is no evidence upon which there can be any sug­ Mr. WHERRY. I announce the prescribed the amount of narcotic indicated. necessary absence of the senior Senator Some time later Mr. Anslinger heard from an gestion of impropriety on the part of S~na­ investigator of 1Jle Bureau of Internal Reve­ tor BILBO. from Oregon [Mr. CORDON] because of a nue that Senator BILBO had been paid $1,500 CONCLUSION death in his family. for the services rendered to Mr. Carr. The In the foregoing analysis and response to The SECRETARY. Fifty-nine Senators committee then sent another investigator, the report of the Special Committee Investi­ having answered to their names, a Mr. Mannix, to obtain statements in affidavit gating the National Defense Program, we quorum is present. form from Dr. A. J. Podesta, Dr. J. G. Logan,· have sincerely attempted to stay in the rec­ and John A. Carr. Dr. Logan's affidavit was ord of the testimony adduced before the sub­ UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT AS that he knew nothing about any financial . committee in its open hearings. TO CREDENTIALS OF SENATOR-ELECT transaction between Mr. Carr, Dr. Podesta, or We have knowr. Senator B!LBO intimately FROM MISSISSIPPI, ETC. Senator BILBO. John A. Carr gave his affi­ for the past 34 years. As his attorney and as Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. se·cretary, I am davit that some weelts after he had been told his friend, we confidently submit on the by Dr. Logan that he had permission to pre­ whole record, laying aside partisanship and sure that all Senators and the country scrib'e the narcotic for Carr from the Bureau prejudi~e. there is nothing to justify criti­ at large are anxious for the Senate to of Narcotics, that he, Carr, went to Vicksburg cism or condemnation. compose the situation which now con­ to see Dr. Podesta and told Dr. Podesta of His entire public and private life has been fronts it and to proceed to an orderly the fact that the Bureau of Narcotics had thoroughly investigated by several depart­ organization of the Senate in order that given him the relief he desired. Mr. Carr ments of the Government and by two com­ it may function as a part of the legisla­ then said to Dr. Podesta that he wanted to mittees of the United States Senate. There, tive branch of the Government. The do something for Senator BILBO. There was of course, may be sharp differoences of opin­ some discussion with reference to the making ion as to the ideologies which Senator BILBO S8nator-elect from Mississippi [Mr. of a donation to the Juniper Grove Baptist entertains, but if thf) Constitution and con­ BILBO]. whose credentials have been filed Church and parsonage fund in which Senator gressional precedents are to prevail, he is en­ and lie on the desk for such action as BILBo's interest was well known. Carr there­ titled to continue to represent the people c.~ the Senate may see fit to take, has, along upon took from his pocketpurse ten $100 Mississippi, who 11ave thrice elected him to with other Senators-elect, presented bills, or $1,000, and delivered it to Dr. Po­ the United States Senate, twice as governor himself to be sworn in as a Senator from desta to be given to Senator BILBO for the of his State, once as lieutenant governor, and Juniper Grove Baptist Church and parson­ the State of Mississippi. The indica­ once as State senator. tions are that in deciding the matter age fund r.s a. token of his appreciation Our sincere deEire is that a correct inter­ for the services that had been rendered by pretation of the r€cord may prfvail and that finally the Senate would be involved in Senator BILBO 'to him. Carr stated that he complete justice may be done in all fairness. controversial debate, the determination was a man of considerable business activity in qespectfully, of which is indefinite, regardless of the past years and that it was untrue as had been FORREST B. JACKSON, merits of the controversy. I think I may stated that he had given Dr. Podesta his life's Attorney and friend of Senator Bilbo. say it is the wish of all Senators, with­ savings. out regard to politics, to reach at once Dr. Podesta's statement to the investigator Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. Secretary, will is to the eflect that some time after Mr. the Senator from Louisiana yield to me? some disposition of the matter which will Anslinger had written to Dr. Logan, Mr. Carr Mr. ELLENDER. I will gladly yield to not interfere with the orderly proce­ came to his office and the conversation given the Senator from Kentucky if by yield­ dure of the Senate in its legislative by Carr was corroborated by him. That he duties. took the thousand dollars, put it in an en­ ing I do not lose the floor or any of the rights I now have. The Senator-elect from Mississippi has velope, placed it in his safe in his office; that been a M-ember of this body for 12 years. some time later he learned that Senator Mr. BARKLEY. I do not want to take BILBO was in Jackson; that he went over late the Senator from the floor. I would not Whatever anyone may think of the one afternoon and found Senator BILBO at ask hi:m to yield unless he could. resume Senator-elect or the policies which he the Royal Hotel where Senator BILBo always after I make the statement which I now advocates, or his suitability as a Mem­ stopped when in Jackson; that he went up to propose to make. ber of the Senate, I think it is fair to Senator BILBo's room and there found a Mr. ELLENDER. If the Senator from say that no one would regard him as not number of people, all trangers to Dr. Po­ having the courage to defend himself desta, in the room with Senator BILBO and Kentucky will obtain unanimous con­ that his recollection was that Senator Bn.eo sent that I not lose the floor by yielding and his policies wherever defense may was shaving. Dr. Podesta was anxious to I shall be glad to yield. be called upon or required. get back to his practice in Vicksburg, some Mr. BARKLEY. I ask unanimous con­ The Senator-elect from Mississippi is 40 miles from Jackson, and states that he left sent that the Senator from Louisiana an ill man. Following the adjournment the envelope on the dresser or some other may yield to me without losing the floor, of the Congress on the 2d day of last place in the room, saying to Senator BILBO August, Mr. BILBO went to the Naval in the hearing of the others that here is a if after yielding he desires to continue to contribution obtained for the Juniper Grove occupy it. Hospital at Bethesda for observation and Baptist Church and parsonage fund from a Mr. ELLENDER. Very well. for a check-up. He had an infection in good friend of yours or words to that effect, The SECRETARY. Is there objection to the mouth which the physicians at the but that he did not tell Senator BILBO at the request of the Senator from Ken­ Naval Medical Center pronounced as that or any other ·time that the amount in tucky? The Chair hears none, and it is cancer. It was decided, and in that con­ the envelope was from John A. Carr. Carr so ordered. clusion Dr. Calver, who, as we all know, stat~d that he was not closely acquainted with Senator BILBO and that he had never Mr. BARKLEY. I suggest tbe absence is the official physician assigned by the said anything to Senator BILBO about giving of a quorum. Navy Department to the Congress, con­ the money to Dr. Podesta. The SECRETARY. The clerk Will call the curred, that an immediate operation Senator BILBO was interrogated about this roll. was necessary in the interest of the matter after Terry had made his statement The Chief Clerk called the roll, and health of the then Senator from Mis­ on the witness stand and Senator BILBO's sissippi. He went to New Orleans and bank accounts, both his personal and his the following Senators answered to their Juniper Grove Baptist Church special fund names: on the 31st day of August, Dr. Alton were searched diligently and there was no Aiken Donnell Hawkes Oschner, one of the outstanding sur­ evidence that Senator BILBO ever received Baldwin Downey Hayden geons of the South, who came originally the $1,000 in question or that he ever put Ball Eastland Hickenlooper from Wisconsin, and was at one time it in any bank account. Senator BILBO states Barkley Ellender Hill connected with the Mayo Institute at that he did not receive any money from Bridges Ferguson Hoey John A. Carr through Dr. Podesta but that Brooks Fulbright Johnson, Colo. Rochester, Minn., performed an opera­ Buck George Johnston, S. C. tion on the mouth of the Senator from Dr. Podesta on numerous occasions did bring Bushfield Green Lucas him donations made by friends of Dr. Po­ Canehart Gurney McCarran Mississippi, in which a considerable por­ desta and of Senator BILBo as donations for Capper Hatch McClellan tion of the lower jaw was removed, and /

1947 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE 109

there the diagnosis of cancer was con­ valescence from the operation will take ap­ The SECRETARY. Is there objectio~ to firmed by Dr. Oschner. proximately 2 months. · Respectfully yours, the request of the Senator from Ken­ Since that· time developments in the GEORGE W. CALVER. tucky? The Chair hears none, and it is health of the Senator-elect from Missis­ so ordered. s~ppi have required that another opera­ Mr. BARKLEY. In conversation with ADMINISTRATION OF OATH tion be performed. Dr. Oschner desired Dr. Calver this morning he advised me to perform that operation on the 26th of that following 'this operation a minimum Mr. TAFT. Mr. Secretary, the Sena­ December last. Senator BILBO insisted of 6 w_eeks, and probably 2 months, will tor-elect from Ohio, Hon. JoHN W. that he could not undergo the operation be required before the Senator-elect from BRICKER, is in the Chamber. His creden­ then because it would require him to be Mississippi may be able to return to tials have been filed, and I ask that he in the hospital at l:l, time when his seat in Washington. That, of course, would be be sworn at this time, together with the the Senate was being_ questioned and governed by circumstances and by the Senator-elect from Maine. asked that the operation be postponed rate of recovery from the operation. The SECRETARY. Does the Senator until such tim:! as he could return, after In view of this situation, and after from Maine withdraw his motion? disposition in the Senate of the question consultation with Members on both sides Mr. WHITE. The motion that I made involving his right to a seat. of the Chamber, including friends of the yesterday, that the Senator-elect from The Senator-elect from Mississippi has Senator-elect from Mississippi and the Maine be sworn, is still before the Sen­ -advised me that he is compelled, in the Senator-elect himself, I ask unanimous ate. In view of the arrangement just interest of his health-and it may be in consent that the -credentials of the Sen­ entered into, I ask unanimous consent the interest of his life--to return im­ ator-elect from Mississippi, Mr. THEO­ to withdraw that motion. mediately to New Orleans in order that DORE G. BILBO, lie on the table without The SECRETARY. Without objection it the. operation which Dr. Oschner desired · prejudice and without action until such is so ordered. ' . to perform on the 2'6th of December, in­ time as he is able to return, in view of Mr. TAFT. Mr. Secretary, I withdraw volving the removal 9f a larger portion his physical condition, and to be here the request for the yeas and nays on the when they shall later be taken up, or motion of the Senator from Maine [Mr. of the lower jaw, two glands in the throat WHITE]. of the Senator-elect, and possibly a until such time as the Senate itself may malignant growth in his cheek, may be order them to be taken up for consid­ The SECRETARY. The clerk will call the completed at the earliest possible date. eration; that all other Senators-elect names of Senators-elect, in accordance The Senator-elect from Mississippi de~ who are entitled to take the oath of office with the unanimous-consent agreement. sires to return to New Orleans for that be permitted immediately to be sworn in The Chief Clerk called the names of operation at once, and he is planning to in groups of four, except that the Sen­ Mr. BREWSTER and Mr. BRICKER. ator-elect from Maine [Mr. BREWSTER], These Senators, escorted by Mr. WHITE leave the city eithe:" tonight or tomorrow . and Mr. TAFT, respectively, advanced to for that purpose. and the Senator-elect from Ohio [Mr. BRICKER 1, who are in the first group of the desk, and the oath of office was ad­ I may add that the Senator-elect from ministered to them by the Secretary. Mississippi came to me this morning to four-the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. BALDWIN 1 already having been The Chief Clerk called the names of inform me of this situation, and I said to sworn in, and the Senator-elect from Mr. BUTLER, Mr. BYRD, Mr. CAIN, and Mr. him what I think any Senator, or any Mississippi [Mr. BILBO], stepping aside CHAVEZ. friend or acquaintance would say, name­ under this unanimous-consent agree­ These Senators, escorted by Mr. ly, that the preservation of a man's life ment-be sworn in as a group; and that WHERRY Mr. McKELLAR, Mr. MAGNUSON is more important to him than a seat in following that, the other Senators-elect and Mr. HATCH, respectively, advanced t~ the United States Senate or any other be allowed to take the oath of office im­ the desk, and the oath of office was ad­ body. I think we would all agree that mediately in groups of four, alphabet­ ministered to them by the Secretary. / that is true. ically. The Chief Clerk called the names of After consultation this morning over I also ask that the certificate of the Mr. CONNALLY, Mr. COOPER, Mr. DWOR­ the telephone with Dr. Oschner, and in Senatqr-elect from Mississippi lie on the SHAK, and Mr. ECTON. confirmation of what I have said, Dr. table without prejudice and without ac­ These Senators, escorted by Mr. Calver has sent to the Presiding Officer tion until such time as the official physi­ THOMAS of Utah, Mr. BARKLEY, Mr. TAY­ of the Senate a statement which I ask to cian assigned to the Congress, Dr. Calver, J LOR, and Mr. MURRAY, respectively, ad:.. have read. certifies that he is able to return here vanced to the desk, and the oath of office The SECRETARY. Without objection, the undet the unanimous-consent request, -o~ was administered to them by the Sec­ clerk will read. until such time as the Senate itself may retary. The Chief Clerk read as follows: take action. The Chief Clerk called· the names of Mr. TAFT. Mr. Secretary, the Sena­ Mr. FLANDERS, Mr. HoLLAND, Mr. IvEs, THE ATTENDING PHYSI9IAN, and Mr. JENNER. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, tor from Kentucky has consulted me re­ Washington, D. C., January 4, 1947. garding this agreement. I have consult­ These Senators, escorted by Mr. AIKEN, PRESIDING OFFICER, ed other Senators on this side of the Mr. PEPPER, Mr. WAGNER, and Mr. CAPE­ United States Senate, aisle, and I think I may say that there is HART, respectively, advanced to the desk Washington, D. C. unanimous approval of the agreement and the oath of office was administered Subject: Report on physical condition o:t:. which he proposes. to them by the Secretary. Sena tor THEODORE G. BILBO. Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. Secretary, will The Chief Clerk called the names of DEAR SIR: After the completion of his pri­ the Senator yield? Mr. KEM, Mr. KILGORE, Mr. KNOWLAND mary campaign, Senator- BILBO reported to and MR. LANGER. , my office with a badly Ulcerated mouth. He Mr. BAEKLEY. I yield to the Senator was sent to the medical center for study and from South Carolina. These Senators, escorted by Mr. DoN­ his condition was diagnosed as cancer. He Mr. MAYBANK. Yesterday, and agahl NELL, Mr. REVERCOMB, Mr. DOWNEY, and was referred to Dr. Alton Oschner, of Ne·w today, I suggested that perhaps I would Mr. YouNG, respectively, advanced to the Orleans, for cnnsultation and indicated treat­ read into the RECORD the complete hear­ desk, and the oath of office prescribed ment. Dr. Oschner removed a mass of tissue ings before the special committee which by law was administered to them by the from the Senator's mouth with the hope that was sent to Mississippi. Being a member Secretary. all the cancerous growth had been destroye~. During his convalescence, the Senator de­ of that committee, I embrace this op­ The Chief Clerk called the names of veloped an infection in the jawbone at the portunity to ask Senators to take the Mr. LODGE, Mr. MALONE, Mr. MARTIN, and site of the operation. One small sliver of trouble to read the hearings. They are Mr. MCCARTHY. dead bone was removed. There is another quite extensive. They will be printed. These Senators, escorted by ·Mr. SAL­ large one still in the wound with an ap­ I will not ask that they be printed in the TONSTALL, Mr. MCCARRAN, Mr. MYERS, parent extension of the infection. This dead RECORD, but I hope that every Senator and Mr. WILEY, respectively, advanced to bone should be removed immediately and other enlarged glands be investigated for an will have the opportunity of reading the the desk, and the oath of office prescribed extension of the cancerous growth without hearings, so that Senators may famil­ by law was administered to them by the delay. iarize themselves not only with the laws Secretary. I consulted with Dr. Oschner by telephone of Mississippi, but with the work which The Chief Clerk called the names of this morning and he concurs in this recom­ the committee did in Mississippi in con­ Mr. McFARLAND, Mr. McGRATH, Mr. Mc­ mendation and advises me that the con- nection with the hearings. KELLAR, and Mr. O'CONOR. 110 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 4 These Senators, escorted by Mr. HAY­ · Delaware.-C. Douglass Buck and Wisconsin.-Alexan'der Wiley an d DEN, Mr. GREEN, Mr. STEWART, and Mr. John J. Williams. Joseph R. McCarthy. TYDINGS, respectively, advanced to the Florida.-Claude Pepper and Spessard Wyoming.-Joseph C. O'Mahoney and desk, and the oath of office prescribed by L. Holland. Edward V. Robertsol). law was administered to them. by the Georgia.-Walter F. George and Rich­ NOTIFICATION TO THE PRESIDENT Secretary. ard B. Russell. The Chief Clerk called the names of Idaho.-Glen H. Taylor and Henry C. Mr. WHITE submitted a resolution Mr. O'MAHONEY, Mr. ROBERTSON of Vir­ Dworshak. out to be taken, Eugene D. Millikin. and Harry P. Cain. but at the urgent request of the Senator Connecticut.-Brien McMahon and West Virginia.-Harley .M. Kilgore from Tennessee, I withdraw my amend- Raymond E. Baldwin. and Chapman Revercomb. men~ · / 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 111 The SECRETARY. Without objection, ELECTION OF CHAPLAIN OF THE SENATE Dr. Harris is one of the outstanding the amendment is withdrawn, and the Mr. WHERRY submitted a resolution divines, not only of Washington but of re: olution· submitted by the Senator from (S. Res. 10), which was read and con­ the country. He has been an exchange Maine is unanimously agreed to. sidered by unanimous consent, as fol­ pastor between this country and other The Chair designates the senior Sen­ lows: countries. His prayers, which have been ator from Tennessee [Mr. McKELLAR] Resolved, That Rev. Peter Marshall, D. D., published by order of the Senate, have to escort the newly elected President of the District of Columbia, be, and he is been appreciated, I think, by the reli­ pro tempore to the chair. hereby, elected Chaplain of the Senate. gious people generally throughout the Thereupon, Mr. VANDENBERG, escort­ country. It seems to me unfortunate ed by Mr. McKELLAR, advanced to the Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I re­ that he should be denied reelection be­ gret most sincerely that I find it my duty cause of a change in the political com­ desk, and the oath was administered to to raise any question about the election him. plexion of the Senate. of a Chaplain of this body. During all Therefore, I feel it my duty, in the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. I am my service in the House of Representa­ deeply grateful to my friends on both interest of justic~. to move that his name tives and in the Senate, so far as I can be substituted in the resolution for that sides of the aisle for their generous con­ now recall, there has never been any sideration, and I shall undertake to the of Rev. Peter Marshall. question of partisanship in the selection The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The best of my abilitY. to justify their con­ of a Chaplain. fidence and faith. question is on the amendment submitted When I came to the House of Repre­ by the Senator from Kentucky. ELECTION OF SECRETARY OF THE sentatives, Dr. Couden, blind Chaplain SENATE of the House, had been Chaplain for Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, on the majority of the Senate falls the duty of Mr. BRIDGES suomitted a resolution many years, and he was retained as long as he wished to remain, and I think was making recommendations for filling the

112 CONGRESSIONAL RECO-RD-SENATE JANUARY 4 regret that it seems to be that a devia­ when I submitted this resolution that it I for one sorely regret to see him now tion has been made from the unbroken would have been interpreted in the light turned out of the Senate without- a_ny rule here as far as I can recall, in rega~d it has been, I would certainly have said warning and without notice. The first to this particular office. I might say more than I said when I submitted it. notice that Dr·. Harris had, according to that, notwithstanding, the po~er which I like Dr. Harris very much indeed. my understanding, ·was when he read exists in the majority to do this thing, I I have enjoyed his prayers as much as yesterday morning's newspaper. , If think it should be said in good faith that has any· other Senator; and I think I there is one fundamental ·tenet of the they are setting us a very poor example can say that I have heard as many of American creed it is the absolute· sepa­ for th·e time when we resume control of his prayers as · any other Senator has ration of church and state, the separa­ the Senate 2 years from now. heard. ·I do not wish for a moment to tion of politics and religion; the funda­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the have our present action considered as mental conviction that the politician's Senator yield? any reflection upon Dr. Harris. I have reach shall not touch the sacred vest­ Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. the highest regard -for him. I know I ments of the ministry. Mr. TAFT. I seem to remember that speak the sentiments of every Senator Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the Dr. Harris was selected as a candidate in when I say that he is beloved by the Senator yield? the Democratic caucus about 2 or 3 membership of the Senate. I was told Mr ..HILL. I yield. years ago. Am I not correct in that by the personnel committee that they Mr. LUCAS. Did I corre-ctly under­ statement? I remember there was a wanted a nomination for the chaplaincy, stand the Senator from Alabama to say contest in the Democratic caucus, and and I offered the name of Dr. Marshall. that the first time that Dr. Harris knew Di. Harris was selected. I have been a member of his church for that he was not to be the Chaplain of Mr; BARKLEY. There occurred the four years . . As a member of his church, the Senate was when he read it in the death of Dr. Phillips, who had been re­ and one who knows him, I wish to say newspaper? tained as Chaplain from 1932 to 1942, al­ that he is not only an outstanding min­ Mr. HILL. That is my understanding. though he had been previously selected ister, but a very devout person. I regret He might have heard some rumor about by the Republican caucus, so there was a exceedingly that another name has been it before, but it is my understanding that vacancy in the chaplainship. We did submitted for this office. I appeal to his first knowledge that he was not to not make any change. We continued Senators on this side of the aisle as well continue, under all the practices and him in the office of Chaplain for 10 years. as to Senators on the other side of the precedents of the Senate, as the Chap­ He died, and we had to select someone aisle. I ask the minority leader to with­ lain of this body, was when he read the else, and we selected Dr. Harris. draw his amendment, an1i that this _body story in yesterday morning's newspaper. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I am declare the unanimous vote of the Senate It came without warning, without con­ quite satisfied in my own mind that if in favor of Dr. Marshall to be Chaplain sideration, and without any notice, that Dr. Marshall had for one moment known of the Senate. his services in this body had been decreed that there would hav.e been any contest Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I am sure to be ended by the Republican majority. relative to his selecti'Jn as Chaplain of that everything that has been said about Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the the Senate he never would have per­ Dr. Marshall is true. I am sure that he · Senator yield? mitted his name to have been put before must be a wonderful man, a great Mr. HILL. I yield. the Senate of the United States. preacher, and a fine spiritual leader. I wish to say that Dr. Marshall is nei­ Mr. HATCH. I speak-with a great deal But I must say that I was astounded yes­ of sincerity because I am very fond of ther a Republican nor a Democrat. He terday morning when I picked up the was born at Coalbridge, Scotland, stud­ Dr. Harris. Has it been the· custom at Washington Post and saw that the any time to elect a Chaplain of the Sen­ ied engineering, and for 6 years was em­ majority conference had agreed to bring ployed in · the steel-mill tubes in Scot­ ate according to political faith, or po­ to an end the services of Dr. Harris. litical party? land. I remember, as a Democratic Member In 1927 he determined to study for the Mr. HILL: ·Not to my knowledge. In ministry, and, leaving his native land, he of the · House of Representatives, that the 20-odd years I have been in the when the Democrats came into power in Congress of the United State:: , no ques­ came to the United States. l"or a time he the House in 1931 no question was raised worked in New Jersey, moved on to Bir­ tion of the Chaplain's politics or his po­ mingham, Ala., to obtain employment on by any Democrat about the continuation litical faith has,ever been raised . . I have the Birmingham News, and then moved of the services ·as Chaplain of the House cited, as the minority leader has cited, to Decatur, Ga., to enter Columbia Theo­ of Dr. James Shera Montgomery. As precedents and practices to show tnat logical Seminary. He graduated from the distinguished minority leader has there has never been any question raised the seminary in 1931. Dr. Marshall held said, when the Democrats came into about politics or political faith. When I, two pastorates in Georgia, the second power in the Senate there was no question as a Democratic Member of the House about the continuation of the services of Representative$, voted to continue as being at Atlanta Westminster Presbyte­ as Chaplain of the Senate of the late rian Chu ~·ch, where his reputation as Chaplain of the House of Representatives. a speaker and theologian expanded lamented Dr. Z ~Barney Phillips. SO' far the Rev. James Shera Montgomery, it rapidly. At that time he applied for as I know, it has been the custom, prac­ never occurred to me to ask whether he citizenship in the United States, and he tice, and precedent QJ the Senate and of was a Democrat or a Republican. I did later became a citizen. the House to continue Chapl~ins in the not care. The idea of politics never en­ He was at Westminster Church in At­ service irrespective of which party might tered my mind. I knew that in the first lanta when called in 1937 to the Pt1lpit of be in power. As the distinguished mi- instance he had been elected by Republi­ historic New York Avenue Presbyterian . nority leader has well said, the Senate cans, but I did not think that any ques­ Church here in \Vashington. has never had a Chaplain in all its history tion of politics should enter into the elec­ Dr. Marshall told me that he had not who has carried so heavy a burden as has tion of the Chaplain of the House of voted in any election. So no one can Dr. Harris. He .was here during the Repres enta ti ves. charge even a political basis. That is strenuous days of the war. He came Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, will the here shortly after we changed the rules impossible. r Senator yield? From a religious point of view, I regret of the Senate so as to provide for prayer Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I have that there should be any controversy by the Chaplain at the beginning of every not finished. over this matter. I know that Dr. Mar­ calendar day, rather than at the begin­ Mr. HILL. I yield first to the Senator shall is a devout man. ' He is one of the ning of every legislative day . . He has from New Mexico, and then I shall be outstanding ministers not only of Wash­ delivered more than 500 prayers in. this glad to yield to the Senator from New ington but of the United States. I say body for the Senate of the United ,States. Hampshire. to the Senate that this man, if elected It is known among men that his prayers Mr. HATCH. Despite the denials Chaplain' of the United States Senate, are appreciated throughout the country. which have been made, and despite the will add dignity and reverence to this · He came to .the Senate. day after day fine assertions which have be'en made, is body. He can fill the shoes of anyone only to pray, only to bring us beautiful it not perfectly clear from the record who has been Chaplain during the long and moving prayers, prayers of great . that is written ·here today that partisan history of the United States Senate. ·By power, great inspiration, and great light. politics is this day depriving Dr. Harris what we propose to do there is no reflec­ He came to the Senate only as a servant of his place as Chaplain of ·the Senate, tion upon Dr. Harris. If- I had known of God. and supplanting him by someone else? 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 113 Mr. HILL. Certainly the action to­ Chaplai n s of. the if. S. Senate, Apr. 25, 1789, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The day will be viewed by the people through­ 1 to Aug: 2, 1946-Continued question is on the amendment offered out the country as action to throw out by the Senator from · Kentucky [Mr. of the Senate one of• the great spiritual Chaplains Denomination Date of ap­ BARKLEY]. . . . leaders., one of the great preachers in pointment The amendment was rejected. the great Methodist Church. - Rev. Jesse Lee ______Met h odi~t_ __ Sept. 27, 1814 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Mr. President, I deplore .the· action Rev. J. Glendie______Presby'terian. Dec. 18,1815 question is on agreeing to the resolution. which is proposed. I think it. is most Rev. S. ~- D wig ht______Congrega- Dec. 16, 1816 The resolution