Auguste Comte
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The Political and Social Philosophy of Auguste Comte
THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY OF AUGUSTE COMTE. BY HARRY ELMER BARNES. I. LIFE AND WORKS. IT was one hundred years in May of this year since Auguste Comte pubHshed the famous prospectus of his comprehensive social philosophy under the title of Plan dcs travaux scientifiques ncccssaires pour reorganiser la societe} In the century which has passed many one-sided philosophies of society have been proposed and many incomplete schemes of social reform propounded. Many writers in recent years have, however, tended to revert to the position of Comte that we must have a philosophy of society which includes a consideration of biological, psychological and historical factors, and a program of social reform which will provide for an increase both in technical efficiency and in social morale.- Further, there has also developed a wide-spread distrust of the "pure" democracy of the last century and a growing feeling that we must endeavor more and more to install in positions of political and social power that intellectual aristocracy in which Comte placed his faith as the desirable leaders in the reconstruction of European society.'' In the light of the above facts a brief analysis of the political and social philosophy of Comte may have practical as well as historical interest to students of philosophy and social science. Auguste Comte ws born in MontpelHer in 1798, and received his higher education at the Ecole Polytcchnique. During six years 1 See the brief article on this matter in the American Journal of Sociology, January, 1922, pp. 510-13. - See Publications of the American Sociological Society, 1920, pp. -
Advanced Topics in Social Dynamics Family Demography Session 1(9.03
Advanced topics in social dynamics Family Demography Gøsta Esping-Andersen Bocconi 2020-21 Session 1(9.03.2021): Theoretical perspectives in the study of the family In this session we will focus on key theories within family research, from both economics and sociology. Required readings: Becker, G (1973). ‘A theory of marriage. Part 1’. Journal of Political Economy, 81: 4: 813-46 Lesthaeghe, R. (2010).‘The unfolding story of the second demographic transition’. Population and Development Review, 36(2), 211-251. Recommended readings: Esping-Andersen, G and Billari, F. 2015 ‘Retheorizing family demographic change’. Population and Development Review, 41: 1-31 McDonald, P 2013 ‘Societal foundations for explaining fertility’. Demographic Research, 28: 981-994 Lundberg, Shelly and Pollack, Robert. 2007. "The American Family and Family Economics." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2): 3-26. Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade. 1988. "A Theory of Marriage Timing." American Journal of Sociology 94(3): 563-91. Session 2 (10.03). Trends in gender roles, family behavior and structure Required readings: Esping-Andersen, G 2016 Families in the 21st Century. Chapter 1: ‘The return of the family’ (this book can be downloaded gratis from SNS’ website ([email protected]) Goldin, M 2006. "The Quiet Revolution That Transformed Women’s Employment, Education, and Family." American Economic Review 96(2): 1-21. Recommended readings: (for student presentation: minimally the Sevilla-Sanz article and the van Bavel et.al. paper) Van Bavel, J 2018 ‘The reversal of the gender gap in education and its consequences for family life’. Annual Review of Sociology, 44: 341-60 England, P. Et.al., 2020 ‘Progress toward gender equality in the United States has slowed or stalled’. -
Manifesto of Computational Social Science R
Manifesto of computational social science R. Conte, N. Gilbert, G. Bonelli, C. Cioffi-Revilla, G. Deffuant, J. Kertesz, V. Loreto, S. Moat, J.P. Nadal, A. Sanchez, et al. To cite this version: R. Conte, N. Gilbert, G. Bonelli, C. Cioffi-Revilla, G. Deffuant, et al.. Manifesto of computational social science. The European Physical Journal. Special Topics, EDP Sciences, 2012, 214, p. 325 - p. 346. 10.1140/epjst/e2012-01697-8. hal-01072485 HAL Id: hal-01072485 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072485 Submitted on 8 Oct 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 214, 325–346 (2012) © The Author(s) 2012. This article is published THE EUROPEAN with open access at Springerlink.com PHYSICAL JOURNAL DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2012-01697-8 SPECIAL TOPICS Regular Article Manifesto of computational social science R. Conte1,a, N. Gilbert2, G. Bonelli1, C. Cioffi-Revilla3,G.Deffuant4,J.Kertesz5, V. Loreto6,S.Moat7, J.-P. Nadal8, A. Sanchez9,A.Nowak10, A. Flache11, M. San Miguel12, and D. Helbing13 1 ISTC-CNR, Italy 2 CRESS, University -
Classroom Social Dynamics Management: Why the Invisible Hand of the Teacher Matters For
Running head: MANAGING CLASSROOM SOCIAL DYNAMICS Classroom Social Dynamics Management: Why the Invisible Hand of the Teacher Matters for Special Education Thomas W. Farmer, PhD1 Molly Dawes, PhD1 Jill V. Hamm, PhD2 David Lee, PhD3 Meera Mehtaji, MEd4 Abigail S. Hoffman, PhD2 Debbie S. Brooks, PhD3 1College of William & Mary 2The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3The Pennsylvania State University 4Virginia Commonwealth University Author Notes: This work was supported by research grants (R305A120812; R305A140434) from the Institute of Education Sciences. The views expressed in this article are ours and do not represent the granting agency. This article was blind peer-reviewed. Keywords: invisible hand, classroom management, social dynamics, intensive interventions Conflict of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest. Remedial and Special Education Vol 39 No. 3, 2018 MANAGING CLASSROOM SOCIAL DYNAMICS 2 Abstract The invisible hand is a metaphor that refers to teachers’ impact on the classroom peer ecology. Although teachers have the capacity to organize the classroom environment and activities in ways that contribute to students’ social experiences, their contributions are often overlooked in research on students’ peer relations and the development of social interventions. To address this, researchers have begun to focus on clarifying strategies to manage classroom social dynamics. The goal of this paper is to consider potential contributions of this perspective for understanding the social experiences of students with disabilities and to explore associated implications for the delivery of classroom focused interventions to support their adaptation. Conceptual foundations of classroom social dynamics management and empirical research on the peer relationships of students with disabilities are outlined and the potential of the concept of the invisible hand is discussed in relation to other social support interventions for students with disabilities. -
Auguste Comte and Positivism 1 a Free Download From
Auguste Comte and Positivism 1 A free download from http://manybooks.net PART I. PART II. Auguste Comte and Positivism Project Gutenberg's Auguste Comte and Positivism, by John-Stuart Mill This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Auguste Comte and Positivism Author: John-Stuart Mill Release Date: October 9, 2005 [EBook #16833] PART I. 2 Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUGUSTE COMTE AND POSITIVISM *** Produced by Marc D'Hooghe AUGUSTE COMTE AND POSITIVISM BY JOHN STUART MILL 1865. * * * * * PART I. THE COURS DE PHILOSOPHIE POSITIVE. For some time much has been said, in England and on the Continent, concerning "Positivism" and "the Positive Philosophy." Those phrases, which during the life of the eminent thinker who introduced them had made their way into no writings or discussions but those of his very few direct disciples, have emerged from the depths and manifested themselves on the surface of the philosophy of the age. It is not very widely known what they represent, but it is understood that they represent something. They are symbols of a recognised mode of thought, and one of sufficient importance to induce almost all who now discuss the great problems of philosophy, or survey from any elevated point of view the opinions of the age, to take what is termed the Positivist view of things into serious consideration, and PART I. -
Social Network Analysis of Mental Models in Emergency Management Teams
Social Network Analysis of Mental Models in Emergency Management Teams Bjørn Sætrevik1,2 & Euryph Line Solheim Kvamme 1,3 1: Operational Psychology Research Group, Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Christies gate 12, NO-5015 Bergen. 2: Email: [email protected], corresponding author 3: Email: [email protected] Abstract Field studies of team interaction patterns may be the preferred way to examine the impact of social processes and mechanisms on team’s performance, but limitations in data quality may require adapted approaches. Social network analysis may be used to explore a team’s interaction, and to test whether social dynamics is associated with team performance. We pre-registered a novel approach for measuring social networks of teams in an extant field dataset of eleven emergency management teams performing a scenario training exercise. Our aim was to test whether teams with more evenly distributed interaction patterns have a more accurate and shared understanding of the task at hand. Our findings support the pre-registered hypotheses that more distributed and denser team networks are associated with more accurate and more shared mental models, while there was no support for associations between mental models and the individual’s position in the network. Keywords Social network analysis; mental models; shared mental models; situation awareness; emergency management teams; teamwork; social interaction 1: Introduction dyadic relationships between relevant individuals, groups or institutions (Borgatti & Foster, 2003; Henttonen, 2010). 1.1: Theoretical background The approach assumes that individuals are embedded in 1.1.1: The role of social networks in team performance multi-level relational structures (Balkundi & Harrison, Most work is performed by some form of team (Cross, 2006; Monge & Contractor, 2003; Newman, 2010; Streeter Rebele, & Grant, 2016). -
Social Demography
2nd term 2019-2020 Social demography Given by Juho Härkönen Register online Contact: [email protected] This course deals with some current debates and research topics in social demography. Social demography deals with questions of population composition and change and how they interact with sociological variables at the individual and contextual levels. Social demography also uses demographic approaches and methods to make sense of social, economic, and political phenomena. The course is structured into two parts. Part I provides an introduction to some current debates, with the purpose of laying a common background to Part II, in which these topics are deepened by individual presentations of more specific questions. In Part I, read all the texts assigned to the core readings, plus one from the additional readings. Brief response papers (about 1 page) should identify the core question/debate addressed in the readings and the summarize evidence for/against core arguments. The response papers are due at 17:00 the day before class (on Brightspace). Similarly, the classroom discussions should focus on these topics. The purpose of the additional reading is to offer further insights into the core debate, often through an empirical study. You should bring this insight to the classroom. Part II consists of individual papers (7-10 pages) and their presentations. You will be asked to design a study related to a current debate in social demography. This can expand and deepen upon the topics discussed in Part I, or you can alternatively choose another debate that was not addressed. Your paper and presentation can—but does not have to—be something that you will yourself study in the future (but it cannot be something that you are already doing). -
Module 7 Key Thinkers Lecture 36 Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer
NPTEL – Humanities and Social Sciences – Introduction to Sociology Module 7 Key Thinkers Lecture 36 Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer The thoughts of Auguste Comte (1798-1857), who coined the term sociology, while dated and riddled with weaknesses, continue in many ways to be important to contemporary sociology. First and foremost, Comte's positivism — the search for invariant laws governing the social and natural worlds — has influenced profoundly the ways in which sociologists have conducted sociological inquiry. Comte argued that sociologists (and other scholars), through theory, speculation, and empirical research, could create a realist science that would accurately "copy" or represent the way things actually are in the world. Furthermore, Comte argued that sociology could become a "social physics" — i.e., a social science on a par with the most positivistic of sciences, physics. Comte believed that sociology would eventually occupy the very pinnacle of a hierarchy of sciences. Comte also identified four methods of sociology. To this day, in their inquiries sociologists continue to use the methods of observation, experimentation, comparison, and historical research. While Comte did write about methods of research, he most often engaged in speculation or theorizing in order to attempt to discover invariant laws of the social world. Comte's famed "law of the three stages" is an example of his search for invariant laws governing the social world. Comte argued that the human mind, individual human beings, all knowledge, and world history develop through three successive stages. The theological stage is dominated by a search for the essential nature of things, and people come to believe that all phenomena are created and influenced by gods and supernatural forces. -
Who Is Doing Computational Social Science? Trends in Big Data Research
A SAGE White Paper Who Is Doing Computational Social Science? Trends in Big Data Research Katie Metzler Publisher for SAGE Research Methods, SAGE Publishing David A. Kim Stanford University, Department of Emergency Medicine Nick Allum Professor of Sociology and Research Methodology, University of Essex Angella Denman University of Essex www.sagepublishing.com Contents Overview ........................................................................................................................1 What Have We Learned About Those Doing Big Data Research? .....................................1 What Have We Learned About Those Who Want to Engage in Big Data Research in the Future? ...................................................................................1 What Have We Learned About Those Teaching Research Methods? .................................2 Methodology .................................................................................................................2 Analysis .........................................................................................................................2 Challenges Facing Big Data Researchers in the Social Sciences ....................................11 Challenges Facing Educators ............................................................................................16 Barriers to Entry ................................................................................................................16 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................17 -
Social Network Analysis with Content and Graphs
SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS WITH CONTENT AND GRAPHS Social Network Analysis with Content and Graphs William M. Campbell, Charlie K. Dagli, and Clifford J. Weinstein Social network analysis has undergone a As a consequence of changing economic renaissance with the ubiquity and quantity of » and social realities, the increased availability of large-scale, real-world sociographic data content from social media, web pages, and has ushered in a new era of research and sensors. This content is a rich data source for development in social network analysis. The quantity of constructing and analyzing social networks, but content-based data created every day by traditional and social media, sensors, and mobile devices provides great its enormity and unstructured nature also present opportunities and unique challenges for the automatic multiple challenges. Work at Lincoln Laboratory analysis, prediction, and summarization in the era of what is addressing the problems in constructing has been dubbed “Big Data.” Lincoln Laboratory has been networks from unstructured data, analyzing the investigating approaches for computational social network analysis that focus on three areas: constructing social net- community structure of a network, and inferring works, analyzing the structure and dynamics of a com- information from networks. Graph analytics munity, and developing inferences from social networks. have proven to be valuable tools in solving these Network construction from general, real-world data presents several unexpected challenges owing to the data challenges. Through the use of these tools, domains themselves, e.g., information extraction and pre- Laboratory researchers have achieved promising processing, and to the data structures used for knowledge results on real-world data. -
Outlines of Sociology (1898; Reprint 1913)
Lester F. Ward: Outlines of Sociology (1898; reprint 1913) [i] OUTLINES OF SOCIOLOGY - by Lester F. Ward - (1897; reprint 1913) Page 1 of 313 Lester F. Ward: Outlines of Sociology (1898; reprint 1913) [ii] Page 2 of 313 Lester F. Ward: Outlines of Sociology (1898; reprint 1913) [iii] OUTLINES OF SOCIOLOGY BY LESTER F. WARD AUTHOR OF "DYNAMIC SOCIOLOGY," "THE PSYCHIC FACTORS OF CIVILIZATION," ETC. New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD. 1913 All rights reserved Page 3 of 313 Lester F. Ward: Outlines of Sociology (1898; reprint 1913) [iv] COPYRIGHT, 1897, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. --------- Set up and electrotyped January, 1898. Reprinted June, 1899; February, 1904; August, 1909; March, 1913. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing & Co. – Berwick & Smith Norwood Mass. U.S.A. Page 4 of 313 Lester F. Ward: Outlines of Sociology (1898; reprint 1913) [v] To Dr. Albion W. Small THE FIRST TO DRAW ATTENTION TO THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF MY SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY THE STANCH DEFENDER OF MY METHOD IN SOCIOLOGY AND TO WHOM THE PRIOR APPEARANCE OF THESE CHAPTERS IS DUE THIS WORK IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED Page 5 of 313 Lester F. Ward: Outlines of Sociology (1898; reprint 1913) [vi] Page 6 of 313 Lester F. Ward: Outlines of Sociology (1898; reprint 1913) [vii] PREFACE This little work has been mainly the outcome of a course of lectures which I delivered at the School of Sociology of the Hartford Society for Education Extension in 1894 and 1895. They were given merely from notes in six lectures the first of these years, and expanded into twelve lectures the following year in substantially their present form. -
Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, 16 | 2019 [Online], Online Since 31 December 2019, Connection on 30 July 2020
Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas 16 | 2019 Varia Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/jihi/276 ISSN: 2280-8574 Publisher GISI – UniTo Electronic reference Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, 16 | 2019 [Online], Online since 31 December 2019, connection on 30 July 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/jihi/276 This text was automatically generated on 30 July 2020. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Éditorial Manuela Albertone and Enrico Pasini Articles Rendering Sociology. On the Utopian Positivism of Harriet Martineau and the ‘Mumbo Jumbo Club’ Matthew Wilson Individualism and Social Change An Unexpected Theoretical Dilemma in Marxian Analysis Vitantonio Gioia Notes Introduction to the Open Peer-Reviewed Section on DR2 Methodology Examples Guido Bonino, Paolo Tripodi and Enrico Pasini Exploring Knowledge Dynamics in the Humanities Two Science Mapping Experiments Eugenio Petrovich and Emiliano Tolusso Reading Wittgenstein Between the Texts Marco Santoro, Massimo Airoldi and Emanuela Riviera Two Quantitative Researches in the History of Philosophy Some Down-to-Earth and Haphazard Methodological Reflections Guido Bonino, Paolo Maffezioli and Paolo Tripodi Book Reviews Becoming a New Self: Practices of Belief in Early Modern Catholicism, Moshe Sluhovsky Lucia Delaini Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, 16 | 2019 2 Éditorial Manuela Albertone et Enrico Pasini 1 Le numéro qu’on va présenter à nos lecteurs donne deux expressions d’une histoire interdisciplinaire des idées, qui touche d’une façon différente à la dimension sociologique. Une nouvelle attention au jeune Marx est axée sur le rapport entre la formation de l’individualisme et le contexte historique, que l’orthodoxie marxiste a négligé, faute d’une connaissance directe des écrits de la période de la jeunesse du philosophe allemand.