NOVEMBER, 1950 ANNIVERSARY NUMBER You Will Be Wearing Rainbows When you wear jewelry set with TITANIA. After years of experiments, syn- thetic Rutile is now available in facet cut brilliants. This magnificent substance has been given the name of "TITANIA." When viewed under proper lighting, round brilliants of TITANIA appear to be polished bits of rainbows. Certain remarkable optical properties make this extreme refraction of light possible. HERE ARE THE FACTS INDEX OF CHROMATIC SUBSTANCE REFRACTION DISPERSION AMETHYST 1.544 - 1.553 .013 EMERALD 1.564 - 1.590 .014 RUBY, SAPPHIRE 1.760 - 1.768 .018 DIAMOND 2.417 .063 TITANIA 2.605 - 2.901 .300 (APPROX.) The ability of a gem to break up light into its component colors and produce a rainbow effect is measured by its chromatic dispersion. Note that TITANIA has 5—25 times more ability to produce this RAINBOW EFFECT than any of the first five natural gems in the above list. Everyone to whom you show this new jewelry will wish to purchase a ring or pair of earrings. A free circular is available which gives you all the facts about TITANIA JEWELRY. This circular outlines a discount plan that will per- mit you to own one of these magnificent stones at no cost to yourself. DEALERS INQUIRIES SOLICITED AN ARTICLE TELLS THE STORY BEHIND THIS AMAZING DISCOVERY

The 1950 Revised Edition of Grieger's "Encyclopedia and Super Catalog of the Lapidary and Jewelry Arts" $1.00 Per Copy This is a 192-page book 9"xl2" in size. There are at least 60 pages of in- structive articles by authors of national fame. There are new articles by EMIL KRONQUIST and LOUIS WIENER on jewelry making. The 15-page article on jewelry casting by the LOST WAX METHOD using the new KERR HOBBY- CRAFT CASTING UNIT is alone worth $1.00. "ROCK DETERMINATION SIMPLIFIED" by Mr. E. V. Van Amringe with illustrations and charts helps you to identify your field trip discoveries. Two excellent field trips are mapped. Everything you need in MACHINERY, TOOLS, SUPPLIES and MATERIALS is illustrated, described and priced for your convenience. VISIT OUR SHOP AND SECURE YOUR COPY OF THIS UNIQUE BOOK Sent Postpaid in U. S. A., its Territories and Canada for only $1.00. READ THESE REMARKS BY THOSE WHO PURCHASED THE FIRST EDITION—"I would still buy it at $3.00 to $5.00 as it contains as much if not more meaty information for the lapidary and jeweler than any of the books on the market selling in that price range. " "It is better than most lapidary handbooks." "It is the only satisfactory catalog of lapidary supplies and materials that I have ever seen. It is superbly illustrated and superbly printed."

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DESERT MAGAZINE DESERT CALENDAR

Oct. 29—Annual Fall Roundup, Hi Vista, Lancaster, California. Oct. 31 — Hallowe'en Mardi Gras, sponsored by Junior Chamber of Commerce, Tucson, Arizona. Nov. 1—Ceremonial dances, Taos In- dian pueblo. New Mexico. Nov. 2—All Souls Day fiesta, Taos pueblo. New Mexico, and other Spanish villages. Nov. 4-5 — Sierra Club, Southern Volume 14 NOVEMBER, 1950 Number 1 California chapter, will hike to Last Chance Canyon, near Red Rock Canyon. Colorful scenery, also gem collecting area. COVER ACOMA PUEBLO, New Mexico. Photo by J. E. Byron, Boulder,. Colorado. Nov. 4-5—Old Tucson Days, spon- sored by Junior Chamber of Com- CALENDAR November events on the desert 3 merce, in Tucson Mountain park, Tucson, Arizona. FIELD TRIP Agate Hunters at Double Butte • Nov. 9-11—Arizona Bankers associa- By HAROLD WEIGHT 4 tion convention, Phoenix, Arizona. HISTORY High-Graders at Goldfield Nov. 10-11 — Copper Cities Square Dance festival, Globe, Arizona. By ARTHUR WOODWARD 11 FICTION Nov. 10-12 — American Women's Hard Rock Shorty of Death Valley 14 Medical association convention, PERSONALITY Tucson, Arizona. Guardians of an Ancient Fort By JAY ELLIS RANSOM 15 Nov. 11-12— Round- ARCHEOLOGY Sacred Mountain of the Tribesmen up, Parker, Arizona. By A. LA VIELLE LAWBAUGH 18 Nov. 11-15 — 32nd Annual Ogden POETRY Livestock show, Ogden, Utah. Desert Shack, and other poems 22 Nov. 12—St. James day fiesta and ART OF LIVING Diary of a Jackrabbit Homesteader Harvest Corn dance, Tesuque pueblo. New Mexico, and Jemez By CATHERINE VENN 23 pueblo. LOST MINE Lost Silver Mine of the Jesuits Nov. 15—Tucson symphony concert, By JOHN D. MITCHELL 25 Tucson, Arizona. He Tells 'em How to Find Uranium MINING Nov. 18-19—First annual gem and By JEAN McELRATH 27 mineral show of Sequoia. Mineral society, Fresno district fairgrounds, LETTERS Comment by Desert's readers 29 Fresno, California. QUIZ Test your desert knowledge 30 Nov. 23—Desert Sun Ranchers Ro- deo at Flying E ranch, Wickenburg, NEWS Here and there on the desert 31 Arizona. MINES Current news of desert mines 39 Nov. 23-26—Desert trip for members of Sierra Club, Southern California LAPIDARY Amateur Gem Cutter, By Lelande Quick ... 40 chapter. Base camp at Corn Springs, outings to Chuckawalla HOBBY Gems and Minerals 41 Mountains, Pallen Mountains, Ea- gle Mountains, Orocopia Moun- COMMENT Just Between You and Me, by the Editor ... 46 tains and to Colorado River points. BOOKS Reviews of Southwest literature 47 Nov. 23-26 — Sierra Club trip to Death Valley area, Avawatz peak and Ubehebe peak. The is published monthly by the Desert Press, Inc., Palm Desert, California. Re-entered as second class matter July 17, 1948, at the post office at Palm Desert, November—Special exhibit of Peru- California, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Title registered No. 358865 in U. S. Patent Office, vian arts, both ancient and mod- and contents copyrighted 1950 by the Desert Press, Inc. Permission to reproduce contents ern, Southwest Museum, Highland must be secured from the editor in writing. Park, Los Angeles. RANDALL HENDERSON, Editor AL HAWORTH, Associate Editor BESS STACY, Business Manager MARTIN MORAN, Circulation Manager November—Following first frost and E. H. VAN NOSTRAND, Advertising Manager preceding the winter solstice, Sha- Los Angeles Office (Advertising Only): 2635 Adelbert Ave., Phone NOrmandy 3-1509 lako ceremonies at Zuni Indian Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs submitted cannot be returned or acknowledged unless full return postage is enclosed. Desert Magazine assumes no responsibility for pueblo, New Mexico. damage or loss of manuscripts or photographs although due care will be exercised. Sub- scribers should send notice of change of address by the first of the month preceding issue. November — After first frost, on Navajo reservation in Arizona and SUBSCRIPTION RATES New Mexico, Yei-be-chi (Night One Year $3.50 Two Years $6.00 Canadian Subscriptions 25c Extra, Foreign 50c Extra Way) and Mountain Top Way Subscriptions to Army Personnel Outside U. S. A. Must Be Mailed in Conformity With ceremonies. Fire dances. P. O. D. Order No. 19687 Address Correspondence to Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, California

NOVEMBER, 1950 Even in an area which has been hunted over, it was possible to find a variety of collecting material: white banded agate, red and white fortification vein agate, chalcedony roses, black-and-smoky chalcedony vein, crystalline, drusy and botry- oidal chalcedony. Agate Hunters at Double Butte Many years ago John S. Brown, preparing a water supply paper on the Southern California desert for the U. S. Geological Survey, wrote: "The desert is a lonely place, where the passing of one or many human beings is soon forgotten, and some of its mountains, canyons and by-ways will ever remain undiscovered country, new though men have passed them many times." It is into such a desert region as this that Harold Weight takes Desert Magazine readers on an exploring trip this month. By HAROLD O. WEIGHT Map by Norton Allen Photographs by the Author

OUBLE BUTTE, at the northern hunters would investigate such a strik- jackrabbit estate near Palm Desert, we end of California's Palo Verde ing feature of the landscape, and for headed east on Highway 60-70. Be- mountains, has been the prime years I have been hearing of beautiful fore reaching Desert Center we knew landmark for its part of the Colorado cutting material which came from the trip was going to be a success, Desert since the first travelers came. somewhere near Double Butte. But whether we found rocks or not. For These odd peaks just south of the not until April of this year were we the desert ironwoods — Olneya tesota Riverside-Imperial County line are able to make a trip to find just what —were in full bloom. Mile after mile probably the remnants of a volcanic the area had to offer collectors. on either side of the highway each in- core. In late years they have proven Our companion on the expedition dividual tree was a tremendous bou- handy for rockhounds, who use them was Catherine Venn, one of the in- quet of orchid-white and lavender- as a check point to determine when creasing number of Americans who white blossoms; and each bouquet was to branch west irom the main road are carrying on the pioneer spirit by surrounded by a cloud of desert bees onto the Hauser geode bed trail. building desert homes on government and bugs busy abstracting the sugary Naturally prospectors and rock five-acre tracts. Meeting her at her nectar of the flowers.

4 DESERT MAGAZINE When your weather-eye sees clear skies ahead, there's no more de- lightful campsite than a tree-lined wash, such as this on the west slope of the Palo Verde mountains.

In general the desert country offered a poor display of wild flowers in the spring of 1950—seeming even poorer by comparison with the extravagant profusion of the year before. But the ironwoods apparently tried to make up for the failure of the other blooms. Where there were groves of them, the air seemed colored by their ethereal blossoms. To my way of thinking, this mem- ber of the pea family is the most beau- tiful of the desert trees—and a most useful one, too. All desert campers know what a wonderful fuel its hard dead fragments make. That same tough wood was used by primitives for arrowpoints and clubs and tool

Double Butte, seen here from the main road just south of Wiley's Well, is a landmark in the heart of one of California's most beau- tiful rock collecting areas.

NOVEMBER, 1950

Seen close up from the collecting field, the large peak of Double Butte loses the smooth roundness which characterizes its appearance from a distance. Numerous collectors have camped and hunted here, but material is still to be found on sur- rounding hills and buttes.

any visible turtioff to the left since seemed an endless time I stared out them the high light serene granite peaks Wiley's Well—so we were either on on a fantastic landscape of pale moun- of the big Chuckawallas. Far to the the road to Palo Verde, or we would tains and dark mesas and tree-choked west and south the dark, sharply etched reach that branch soon. It would be washes—half hidden, half revealed by Chocolates bounded the great shallow better at this stage, I reasoned, to go the frosty light of a million stars. shrub-clothed valley. Behind us odd on to the town and take a good road Getting up in the first grey pre-dawn rounded foothills, shaped by many back rather than attempt a hair-rais- light, consisted in opening the car washes, rose to two striking flat-topped ing after-dark return the way we had door, half falling out, then encourag- black mountains, with a reddish cone- come. I was certain the road ahead ing my knee and hip joints to start shaped peak between them. couldn't possibly be worse than that functioning. I soon had a fire of dead Circled by that vast inspiring pano- already covered. palo verde limbs going and we hud- rama, it seemed petty to think of food But a desert road can always get dled around it, waiting for daybreak, —but we were hungry. Nicky fared worse. It was long after dark and we realizing how natural it was that poorly best of all, since I had brought an were growling around the side of a clad and housed primitives should extra can of dog food for him and our hill when we halted suddenly as the worship the sun, giver of warmth and appetites had not reached the point of ruts dropped out from under the light. High ribbons of clouds above demanding that he share with us. We headlights. Investigating with a flash- the Palo Verdes were orange, then had a little coffee which, heated in light, I found we were at the edge of golden, then white, and the sun broke a canteen cup, helped a lot and we a steep-walled arroyo. An adventur- over a fantastic volcanic peak. managed a meal from leftovers of ous burro could have made it through. I have never been more forcibly im- the previous day's lunches. Then we But I couldn't go ahead and I couldn't pressed with the lonely compelling set about the problem of getting out. turn, and I certainly wasn't going to beauty of the desert than on that morn- It proved surprisingly easy, by day- try to back around that curve in the ing. Immediately below us, widening light, to back to a point where I could dark. We were there for the night. to the south, was the thousand-tongued turn. Even the road looked better We made the best of it. My mother course of Milpitas wash, crowded with than it had after dark. We were so and father slept upright in the back tall and spreading ironwood and palo encouraged that—since we were al- seat while my dog Nicky and I occu- verde trees until it looked like a jungle. ready AWOL from our jobs—we de- pied the front. That is, we tried to In the north foreground were the harsh cided we would prospect a little before sleep. It was November. The night volcanic flows, the vivid buttes and starting back. Almost on our im- was cold and utterly silent. For what ridges of the Black Hills and beyond promptu campsite I found a number of

NOVEMBER, 1950 black and shiny botryoidal chunks of rock hunting in those days, but in a Niland-Rannells road crossed ours. We psilomelane, important ore of man- hike over the surrounding hills I found continued south, with Double Butte ganese, and just across the arroyo were a variety of material—agate, particu- standing out like two sore thumbs to open cuts where attempts at mining larly—which looked good to me. It the southeast. Fluttering crepe-paper it had been made. Besides being the still looks pretty good, and I wish I'd streamers at the Hauser geode bed mineral credited with coloring ame- known a little more about prospecting turnoff, on our right at 12.7 miles, in- thyst crystals and putting the black then for somewhere on that hike I dicated that mineral societies still were fern-lfke patterns in moss-agate, man- picked up float that must have come making field trips into the geode area. ganese is used to toughen steel and is from a promising deposit of agate At 14.7 miles from the paved high- in great demand during wars. nodules. way a side road took off to the left About 6000 tons of high-grade man- Several times since the war I've and dived into a big wash. For the ganese ore were shipped from the des- tried to return to that lonely wash in next 1.9 miles we followed a rather ert mountains of southeastern Cali- the Palo Verdes where we first camped, precarious trail in and out of arroyos fornia during the first world war, with but I have been unable to trace the and around sharp U-shaped turns and the U. S. Geological Survey estimating old trail out through the confusion of then stopped. that 30,000 tons remained. Some of new tracks. The road bladed by the This looked like a good hunting the old mines and also new discoveries army engineers follows the same ap- area, and so far as I could judge, was were worked in this area during World proximate route through the north- about as close as we could come to War II. But between wars the miners western corner of the mountains, but Double Butte in a car from this direc- in these isolated spots, where even once out of the pass it keeps far to tion. I could see the higher of the water and fuel have to be hauled, find the west of the old. two peaks which form the main butte, it difficult to compete with imported Shortly after passing Wiley's Well through a canyon which drained the manganese. on our 1950 trip we reached the point valley where we stopped. We picked I knew little about the technique of 8.9 miles from the highway where the up some nice pieces of dark agate

Wiley's Well, dug in 1908, has been used in recent years as a watering point for cattle run through this area. It is the nearest certain water supply to Black Hills and Palo Verde rock fields—providing the pump which brings water to surface is in operation or the tank is full. Photo taken in 1948.

DESERT MAGAZINE One rock slabbed shows how even a single small beautiful piece of cutting material can furnish slices for a whole set of jewelry. This specimen, collected on the little green ridge near Double Butte, is rosebud pink in clear chalcedony. within a few feet of the car. And in a material like pastelite. One of the in the same wash not far south of few hours hunt, mainly on the low prettiest was a translucent fortification, where we had halted. green ridge east of us, we picked up double-edged with a finely contorted The Palo Verdes are an extremely small but beautiful pieces of agate banding of yellow. arid range. All this section of the flowered with yellow, black and green; Double Butte also has been known Colorado Desert is almost without cloud chalcedony with white and black as Red Butte, but on closer approach water. Natural tanks such as these— forms, fine grained moss of yellow, we found it to be a pleasing combina- catching rain runoff—and a few man- blue, sard and flecks of rose, and chal- tion of browns, greens and lavender. made wells supply what little is avail- cedony with carnelian spots. From this angle, it is imposingly able. Only one spring has been re- Lucile found the biggest piece—a rugged and cliffy, showing none of ported in the Palo Verdes and it is real chunk 8x5x5 inches with a com- the smooth roundness which distant supposed to be located about one- bination of most of the colors and views had led us to expect. As I hiked quarter mile northeast of the base of types of rocks that we collected in the down the main wash toward it, I fol- Double Butte, a seep in a little canyon field. Obviously it was from some big lowed a fresh well-marked trail. In coming from the butte. vein, but we were unable to locate its about half a mile I reached a large I haven't tried to locate that spring source. There was a miscellany of natural tank in the wash bed. The yet, and I do not know of anyone who vein material, some of it dark, almost tank was dry, but various levels showed has seen it. Its existence was reported black chalcedony which I found in that it must hold a good deal of water by John S. Brown in the government place in the butte beyond the greenish over quite long periods, and it was water-supply paper, The ridge. Float from a three-quarter inch obvious that the trail I was following Region. Brown, who visited the region vein was banded with clear chalce- had been made by burros heading for in 1917-18 for the U. S. Geological dony, sard and black. Other pieces their own private reservoir. Later I Survey, didn't actually see the spring, were clear, banded with a pink opally found a second and smaller rock tank but he seemed convinced that it was

NOVEMBER, 1950 there. He said that A. P. Wiley of when I saw Milpitas wash running full arroyos were increasing in number. Palo Verde—who dug Wiley's Well in from bank to bank for hours. That We knew that at the rate we were 1908 — called the seep Red Butte was at the point where the Palo Verde- traveling it would take the rest of the Spring, but the range and township Ogilby road crosses the wash. There day to come as close to the base of given, and the description, seem to was only a shallow stream a few feet the Flat Tops as I camped long before. prove that Red Butte is the landmark wide crossing the road when I reached So we turned back toward the main we call Double Butte today. the edge of the huge arroyo, and al- road and civilization. Brown saw much wonderful desert most no rain falling at that point. But I was sure that I was on the right scenery in his investigation of 10,000 I had seen the great black clouds on track, and reluctant to retreat. But square miles of the Colorado Desert, the Black Hills to the north, and I then again, it was pleasant to have a and his survey—long out of print— hesitated to start across. It was well reason to return to the beautiful Palo remains today the best guide to much that I did, for in a matter of minutes Verde country. As we bounced across of that lonely country, but he seemed the stream was hundreds of feet wide. the wash where we had camped, I specially impressed Dy the Palo Ver- Still unable to cross the flood hours remembered something John S. Brown des. "Nowhere in all the ranges of later, I turned back toward Ogilby and had written in his water supply paper this region were the desert colors seen made a detour of 250 miles to reach on this region. a destination less than 50 miles from more beautifully developed," he wrote, "The desert is a lonely place, where the point where the stream had blocked "and a trip through these mountains the passing of one or many human my way. is decidedly worth while for that beings is soon forgotten, and some of alone." But this April night the weather was its mountains, canyons and by-ways It is beautiful country—the sort of perfect, the bulging half-moon giving will ever remain undiscovered country, desert to which 1 like to return again an enormous amount of light for its new even though men have passed and again. We had time to explore size. Dead ironwoods made a long- them many times." the Double Butte section only sketch- burning campfire and we lingered late There is much such undiscovered ily on this trip but I am convinced beside it. Much of our talk revolved country in the wild blue Palo Verdes: that, as in the Black Hills, there are around the amazing and growing pop- canyons jeeps will never penetrate, rocks to be collected all through this ularity of the five-acre government washes where the first rain will blot region. They do not seem to occur in homestead allotments. The fact that the footsteps of the chance explorer. big fields, but concentrated in little new sections constantly are being And we may be thankful that such is patches. To my mind this is an ad- opened and that demand for allot- the case as a tide of humanity, seek- vantage, for every visitor can make ments exceeds the supply would seem ing escape from a civilization it does his own discoveries and one truly to be clear evidence that thousands not fully understand, sweeps into the beautiful piece of gem stone should desire to escape from city-herding and desert. make a trip worth while. machine civilization tensions and re- turn, at least temporarily, to some- It was late in the afternoon when ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS CRUSADE we roller-coasted into the big wash thing resembling the primitive life of earlier times. REDUCES INDIAN MORTALITY and out, and rejoined the oladed army Secretary Oscar L. Chapman has road. We decided to continue south Some soon discover that develop- announced that approximately 20,000 to Milpitas wash, camp for the night, ment of a Jackrabbit homestead — Indian school children between the and spend such time as we could spare most of which are without water, ages of six and seventeen years will be in the morning trying to trace out the power or roads—is far more rugged vaccinated this year against tubercu- route of my first trip, long before. At than they had anticipated. Others find it losis. Last year 12,804 children re- 19.2 miles from the highway the main just the tonic they were seeking. From ceived this vaccination. road divides. The right branch dives a city hall job in the biggest town on Greatest menaces to Indian health, into Milpitas wash and heads west the Pacific coast to five acres of sun, according to the Indian Bureau, are somewhere. The left continues down sand and solitude is quite a jump, but tuberculosis, infant diseases and pneu- along the left side of the wash, eventu- Catherine Venn seems to have en- monia, in the order named. That much ally joining the Palo Verde-Ogilby joyed it. For her the peace and friend- progress has been made in reducing county road. We held to the left liness of the desert has been more the mortality from these ailments is branch for a little less than half a mile, than sufficient recompense for the indicated by the following figures: In then took some faint tracks to the physical labor involved and the civil- 1912 the death rate among Indians east that wandered down the hill to ized comforts missing. one of the wild little washes which from tuberculosis was 1,040 per 100,- In the morning we crossed the little 000. In 1945 this rate had dropped drain the Flat Top mountains. Here wash in which we had camped and we made camp for the night. to 211.9 per 100,000, a decline of 80 followed army tracks onto rolling hills percent. During the same period the There is no more perfect desert where, with care, it was possible to death rate from tuberculosis of the camp site than one of these gravelly, drive almost anywhere. Scattered at general population of the United States tree-lined arroyos — when they are various spots we found bits of chalce- dropped from 154.4 to 40.1 per 100,- dry. But it always is advisable to have dony and agate—and even a water- 000. a look at the weather before settling worn piece of petrified wood — but In 1948 the Indian Bureau x-rayed down. And if possible pick a wash nothing in quantity or exceptional 29,487 Indians and found 3.2 percent wide enough and shallow enough that quality. The going became more dif- of them with tuberculosis. a flash flood will not submerge you, ficult as we continued an irregular and have your car clear for a quick course toward the Flat Top mountains, Indian Tribal councils not only have get-away. Flash floods do come in and finally the trail faded away. I approved the health program under- this part of the desert, and giant Mil- was sure that at one point I recognized taken by the Bureau but in many in- pitas wash was not carved by mere a stretch of eroded ruts sloping around stances have asked that the vaccina- trickles of water. a hill, and I thought I remembered the tion teams be sent to their reservations. I never appreciated how much narrow scraped pathway that wand- The medical department is using the water can accumulate in a short time ered to the east. But the old trail was vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in on the desert until one day in 1941 washed out at every arroyo—and the making the injections.

10 DESERT MAGAZINE High-Graders of Goldfield . . .

By ARTHUR WOODWARD poof! What were wages when a man At the height of Goldfield's could high-grade several hundred dol- HOWLING WIND whipped boom, nearly a half century lars a day if he was smart? the sand around the base of ago, miners working for four or Columbia Mountain, about 20 At first development was slow. Some five dollars a day sometimes of the early speculators grew restless. miles south of the newly established went off shift with as much as camp of Tonopah, Nevada, in the fall Veins seemed to pinch out and were $50 worth of rich ore concealed lost. Gold hungry desert rats, failing of 1903. The wind devils tore at the in pockets in their clothing. lone tent of Harry C. Stimler, the to pick up chunks of pure gold, packed High-graders, they were caller, up their outfits and drifted away. young 22-year-old half breed Chero- and before the owners put a kee prospector, destined to be known A few of the faithful remained and stop to the practice it is esti- on October 20, 1903, a group of 17 as "the father of Goldfield," although mated that millions of dollars at that moment he felt little like a man men gathered on the main street of the worth of "picture rock" was tiny tented camp, and perched upon a of destiny. stolen in this manner. The in- However, when the hurricane, pile of lumber, discussed the organiza- formation in this amazing story tion of a regular mining district. known to the desert dwellers of that was taken from the records ol region as a "Nevada zephyr," had sub- (he old mining camp. Only these few really saw the neces- sided and Stimler was able to see the sity of such an organization. They had landscape around him in the clear the faith necessary to bring about the light of an autumn sun he discovered creation of a bonanza camp. Among Butler and a man named Kendall. that he had pitched his camp almost those present were Doc O'Toole, Now he had struck it rich. All he on the site of a very rich ledge of ore. needsd was capital to develop the Johnny Jones, Tom Ramsey, Bert This he located and in honor of the area. Higginson, Harry C. Stimler, Billy elements he called his find the "Sand- Marsh, Al D. Meyers, Charles Taylor, Naturally, as the mines were dis- storm." Shortly afterward he staked Ole Eliott, Al McClelland, Claude M. covered and developed, they attracted out another claim which he called the Smith, Bob Dunn, Doc White Wolf, "January." the attention of hardrock miners from far off Idaho and Montana. They Jim Gleason, Tom D. Murphy. Out of these two initial claims Gold- swarmed in from Arizona, Colorado A recorder of claims was needed. field, "Queen of the Camps," was and Utah. The news that most of the born and a lusty queen she was, al- discoveries were picture rock or jew- most from the first day of her birth. elry rock brought in fortune-hungry Tonopah had been discovered in the lessees by the score, each one hoping summer of 1900 by Jim Butler and to land a rich mine and skim off the its mines already were producing much golden cream. Miners who were will- wealth. Stimler had been in the rush ing to work for a paltry $4 to $5 a at Tonopah but had missed his golden day just to be allowed inside the mines, opportunity in that area. Having in- came by the hundreds. Here was the curred debts amounting to about $15,- opportunity of a life time. Wages, 000 he had been grubstaked by Jim

Goldfield's Columbia Avenue in 1909. With the exception of the $200 thousand Goldfield hotel on the right, all these buildings were destroyed by a fire which later swept the town.

NOVEMBER, 1950 11 today contain ore in paying quantities which was left behind by the get-rich- quick lessees of 45 years ago. The monthly pay roll in Goldfield in 1908 was around $500,000 but this was just chicken feed compared to the golden harvest of rich picture rock carted out each day by the high-grad- ers who worked as laborers in the mines for a mere $4 to $5 a day. In the beginning, the lessees paid little attention to the practice of high- grading but it dawned upon them that even as they were milking the veins of their precious contents to the detri- ment of the owners, so were they being milked of countless thousands of dol- lars by the miners. In fact, the few dollars in wages paid to the workers were a pittance compared to the sums being realized through the sale of il- licit gold. Labor troubles developed. One cause was the issuance of scrip in lieu of Changing room in one of the mines, where miners were required to change cash, when the banks of Goldfield suf- clothing after coming from the shaft. Despite the protests of the miners, fered a temporary shortage of cur- these rooms were installed to stop the high-grading of rich ore. rency. Big Bill Haywood, known as the "Big Fellow," organizer for the "Kid," said one of the group ad- saloon keepers, adventurous women Industrial Workers of the World, also dressing Smith, the youngest of the and the usual quota of characters. And, called the Wobblies, moved into Gold- party, "you're gonna be official claim as I remarked previously, the mines field to direct strike tactics and keep recorder. Speak up, what shall we became the targets for high-graders. the miners in a constant state of agi- call this camp?" By the time Goldfield was four years tation. Then the companies put in Stimler, half jestingly, had named old it had a population of 15,000 in- changing rooms where the miners were the place "Grandpah" (big spring) in habitants and it was still growing. The compelled to change clothes as they contrast to Tonapah, an Indian name mines had produced the fantastic sum went in and out of the mines. This for "little spring," but this name had of $45,000,000 in gold and in the two innovation brought forth a storm of been voted down. banner years, 1906 and 1907, $37,- protest. It interfered with the highly Smith was flat broke and bashful. 000,000 were taken out of the depths lucrative business of high-grading. It "Heck, fellers," he said, scuffing at of the desert. had been customary for miners work- the ground with his foot, "I don't No wonder J. W. Scott, a local poet, ing in the stopes that produced the know anything about recording. I in his poem Goldfield, proclaimed her: richest ore to wear specially made can't take such a job." shirts and trousers. Stout canvas pock- "Hell you can't. You can read and Splendid, magnificent, Queen of the ets in the legs of the trousers and write can't you? We'll tell you what Camps, sewed to the underside of the back of to do. You're elected." Mistress of countless Aladdin's lamps, the shirt were loaded each day with Deity worshipped by kings and tramps, choice lumps of picture rock contain- "Okay, if that's the way you feel ing small fortunes in free gold. about it. I need some money so I'll The lure she is of the West. take the job. My full name is Claude Among the great mines of the camp The first case of high-grading to be M. Smith and my first job is to call at the time were the Mohawk, Jumbo, prosecuted had been that of John the name of this camp Goldfields." Red Top, Combination, Florence, Con- Sheridan who was arrested in 1904 for "Goldfields she is, boys," said Al solidated, Combination Fraction, Great allegedly stealing picture rock from Meyers, he of the sturdy frame with Bend and Daisy. The ore from some the Combination. He was tried in the hands as big as hams and a heart of of these mines was unbelievably rich, District Court at Hawthorne and was the same size. some of it assaying as high as $20,000 acquitted. In 1907 the mine owners Later the "s" was dropped and the a ton and in 1908 a vein of consider- began cracking down on the high- town was known simply as Goldfield. able size produced ore worth $76,000 graders. On the night of November 6, a ton. young R. W. Saylor was arrested near Smith set about the task of record- In general the original discoverers the Combination mill at midnight. He ing notices and when he received a fee either sold their claims outright or had a sack of high grade ore, believed he stuck it in his pocket. He hoped in leased them to men who had enough to have been stolen from the Combina- this way to collect enough money to ready caoital to develop the properties tion. When first accosted Saylor pull stakes and get away from the place into paying mines. Naturally, with the dropped the sack and fled. Later, he which in his heart he considered a gold fairly bubbling out of the auartz, attempted to sneak back and recover dead camp. the lessors turned their attention to his loot, and waiting officers arrested Then the Mohawk, one of the Gold- skimming the golden cream from the him. field mines, produced riches beyond mines. If picture rock, the ore which T. J. Smith was another miner ac- belief and the boom was on in earnest. showed seams of pure gold, did not cused of high-grading. He was accused Goldfield became a mecca for pro- show enough color to the naked eye, of having received stolen ore from moters over night. With the capitalists it was by-passed in favor of a richer miners who had taken it from the came the horde of sharpers, gamblers, deposit, hence many of the older mines Little Florence mine. An amusing

12 DESERT MAGAZINE Nevada prospector in the days when new gold strikes were being made every few months. incident developed at Smith's trial. fine the term "glom," Inman replied: uty. It appeared that he had One of the arresting officers, Deputy "Glomming is high-grading and high- "glommed" that particular piece for Sheriff Bill Inman, was called to the grading is glomming." his own collection and couldn't see stand to testify. He produced a hand- Thereupon his honor ordered the some specimen of picture ore which choice bit of jewelry rock placed in the humor of the situation when Judge he stated quite candidly he had evidence and marked officially as an Hubbard calmly kept it as evidence. "glommed" at the scene of the raid. exhibit. This legal procedure brought The amount of gold involved in this When requested by the judge to de- forth a storm of protest from the dep- case was $536.50. Smith was acquitted

Goldfield in 1908. Only a few of these buildings remain standing today.

NOVEMBER, 1950 13 November 23, 1907, after the jury derground watchmen, has ordered a Deputy John Ramsey faced one of had deliberated 15 hours. strike when effective change rooms the men, J. Johnson, with a bob-tailed Of all the assaying firms in Gold- were placed upon the properties, has shotgun and demanded that he throw field at that time, it was estimated that protested against every effort to pre- up his hands. Johnson was lodged in at least 90 percent of them were deal- vent this practice, and in every way jail and later released on $500 cash ing illicitly in high-grade ore. encouraged the ore thieves and bail. He promptly skipped out. In a statement concerning the prev- thwarted the efforts of the mine own- Another raid was made on the alence of high-grading, the Mine Own- ers to detect or punish them." premises of an assayer at 618 Fifth er's Association issued a statement Late in 1907 the losses through Avenue North, on the evening of De- December 9, 1907, blasting the miners' high-grading had become so serious cember 17, 1907. Constable Inman union for condoning the practice: that the owners called upon the law- (the same man who had glommed the "The union has encouraged, pro- enforcement officers in the camp to high grade specimen) and his friend tected and assisted its members in put an end to the thefts. On Decem- E. Gardner, allegedly caught the as- stealing ore from the mines of the ber 10 five men, all members of the sayer at work reducing some stolen district. The ores of Goldfield are Western Federation of Miners, were ore. This establishment had all of the very high grade and in all the mines arrested at gun point on the 300-foot earmarks of a crooked joint. There are millions of dollars worth of ore level of the Rogers Syndicate lease was an elaborate electric bell system running in value from $2 to $20 per and taken to jail. When caught three wired to give notice of the approach pound. This ore has been stolen in a of these men had on their persons 100 of strangers and a peep hole in the way almost beyond belief. During the pounds of choice specimens valued at door which opened from the inside. six months ending December 31, 1906, $20 a pound. All of the illicit operations were con- there was stolen from the Mohawk A few hours later three men were ducted at night. The assayer was mine alone not less than $1,000,000 observed entering the Rosebud shaft reputedly an old hand at the game and during the past six months there of an adjoining lease after secreting and it was said he had been arrested has been taken from the Little Flor- their tools in the Little Florence mine. in Goldfield twice before for the pur- ence lease not less than $2,000 a day. All these mines had connecting under- chase of stolen ore. His place was The union has refused to permit un- ground tunnels. completely equipped with electrical crusher plant, furnace and cyanide tanks. So it went, raid after raid upon the assayers, and arrest upon arrest of the high-graders themselves. Hundreds of pounds of picture rock were confis- cated but thousands of pounds escaped the vigilance of the guards. Some of the ore was shipped out of the state. OF DEATH VALLEY Three trunks, filled with high grade ore valued at $4000 and stolen from the Little Florence lease, were found in Salt Lake City. It was returned to Cool weather had come, after appear over the top o' the Pana- the company offices in Goldfield. a sizzling Death Valley summer, mints. George Richardson, another assayer and the front porch of the In- "Pisgah Bill is responsible for was arrested for receiving stolen ore. ferno store was more crowded all them flying flapjacks. Pisgah He too was said to have been in the than it had been for months. A always has flapjacks fer break- business before, having previously been fast an' a while back he ran outta arrested in Pueblo, Colorado, with half dozen cars were parked out flour and decided to make 'em in front while their occupants $16,000 worth of fine specimens from with popcorn. Got hisself one the Mohawk mine of Goldfield in his bought supplies or waited for of them Indian metates over possession. their motors to be serviced. back o' the cabin and ground the corn up fine. Today Goldfield—almost, but not "Ever see any of those flying quite a ghost town — dreams in the saucers out this way?" one of the "Made darned good flapjacks —but they wouldn't stay in the shadow of Columbia Mountain. Some visitors asked. His question was of the mines are again active and the directed to Hard Rock Shorty fryin' pan. That popcorn flour seemed to have a lotta jump in townspeople, those who have stuck to who had been entertaining the the old carro like the faithful who laid crowd with some of his tall tales. it and every once in a while one o' them cakes'd take off and out the camp in 1903. feel certain that Shorty slowly filled his corn- disappear over the mountains. when the price of gold goes up. Gold- cob pipe while the others waited "Bill lost quite a few that way, field, like the fabled Phoenix of old, for his answer. and finally he got one batch of will arise from its ashes and once again "Yes, we've seen plenty of home-made flour that jest would- become Queen of the Camps. 'em," he finally answered. "And n't stay in the pan. They took • • • what is more we know what off as fast as Bill'd pour in the Indian Decontrol Studied . . . they're made of and where they batter. WASHINGTON —A proposal, al- come from — which is more'n "An' if Bill hadn't been purty ready approved by the house, that the you city dudes know. fast with his six-shooter he'd a Indian bureau determine which Indian "Them things ain't flying sau- missed his breakfast that mornin'. tribes should now be freed from gov- cers. They're nothin' but sour- Yep, he poured the batter with ernment control is under study by the dough flapjacks. 1 know 'cause one hand an' shot 'em down with senate interior committee. The Indian I've seen 'em take off and dis- the other." bureau has approved in principle the move to free the tribesmen from fed- eral control.—Gallun Independent.

14 DESERT MAGAZINE Guardians of an Ancient Fort

Jacob Hamblin, Mormon guide and missionary, in 1856 first saw the agricultural possibilities of Antelope Valley in the Arizona Strip. But when Mormon farm- ers undertook to cultivate the land they were menaced con- stantly by marauding Navajo and Paiute Indians. solved the problem by building a fort of hand-hewn stone. It was a good fort, and it is still there. But today it is a National Monument and its cus- todian is the son of Mormon pioneers. "It is a good life here." he says.

wore a Park regulation hat and rimless eyeglasses. He could pass for a school princip; 1, if there were a school. Actu- ally, be is presidsnt of the school board at Moccasin, four miles away. Pipe Spring was made a national monument in 1923. "I had a permit to run a service sta- tion across from the fort," Heaton Edna and Charles Heaton and the children—they all have a part in the explained as he showed me through work of preserving the ancient fortress at Pipe Spring. the dim rooms, pointing out mementos of the past. "We had around 30,000 visitors every summer then, so the By JAY ELLIS RANSOM the service station where I took on gas and water, the attendant volun- government offered me the job acting Photographs by the Author teered: "You'll find the most com- as custodian of the fort at a salary of fortable public camp in all Arizona one dollar a month." WO LANDMARKS caught my and Utah at the monument. And if "One dollar!" My exclamation imagination as I drove into the you'll talk with Charles Heaton who's brought a twinkle to his eyes. 7 public camp—once the parade custodian there, you'll find him glad "Yes. I got paid every thirteenth ground where soldiers snapped at crisp to tell you its story. White folks and month. It went on that way for 12 commands—at Pipe Spring National Indians both have had some wild years." Monument in the Arizona Strip. The times around these parts." This "salary" from the government outstanding sight was the bastioned, The sun was cresting the Uinkaret involved everything about the upkeep impregnable stone wall of the frontier Plateau with crimson shafts when I of buildings and grounds, care and Mormon fort rising above the green made camp, but in the morning I maintenance of the immense spring tracery of lombardy poplars. The found Charles Leonard Heaton busy and pools and the adjacent public other, mysterious in the inscrutable at his desk in the red sandstone fort. camp, not to mention going to Fre- shadows of time, was the half circle "Just filling out some reports," he donia with his own truck after saw- of crumbled adobe ruins just outside greeted me, rising. I looked at the mill ends for the dozen or so fire the monument itself where an ancient sheaf of government papers on the places used by overnight visitors. pueblo people of the Anasazi Culture desk, and smiled. "It's early yet to "That's a lot of work for one buck lived a thousand years ago. open the fort. But come on in. I'll a month," I said, admiringly. How little those old basket-maker show you around. Not many visitors Heaton laughed modestly. "But I people could have dreamed that in come here since the new highway was was making money hand over fist from time to come men would change the cut through from Zion Canyon, and the tourists. Then when the new road face of the land, and here in this re- I figure that anyone who's come over was cut through from Zion Canyon in mote Arizona wilderness, history and that road from Fredonia is entitled to 1932, by-passing this place, it was like geology and Indian wars would all be go through the fort any time." He turning off a spigot of water. But I mixed up together. laughed. "But you know, we don't was lucky. The Park Service put me I turned west off U. S. Highway 89 get lonely." on a full-time salary basis as custo- at Fredonia, heading over 15 miles of At 48, Charles Heaton is a stocky, dian. In the last 18 years my family corrugated dirt road that once, less well-set-up man with thinning sandy has helped me with the work. We are than 20 years ago, was the only high- hair and desert blue eyes that twinkle satisfied. It is a good life here." way between St. George and Jacob when he talks. Most of the time, dur- The first white men to visit Pipe Lake, by-passing Zion Canyon. At ing the four days I camped there, he Spring were the Jacob Hamblin party

NOVEMBER, 1950 15 in 1856. It was then an unnamed spring to which these hardy pioneers had come enroute to negotiate, if pos- sible, a treaty of peace with the bellig- erent Navajos who were waging war- fare on the Mormon colonists. One of the men, as a joke on Wil- K.ANAB liam Hamblin, who because of his deadly marksmanship was known as FREOONIA "Gunlock Bill," bet the latter that he couldn't shoot through a silk hand- kerchief suspended 50 paces away. "That's easy," William said, accept- ing the bet. Raising his cap-and-ball rifle, he fired. Hanging by the upper edge only, the silk cloth yielded un- pierced before the bullet. Loud laugh- ter greeted the surprised sharpshooter. Vexed, Hamblin glowered at them. "I'll wager any man with guts enough to bet, that if he'll lay his pipe on that rock over there by the spring, with the bowl pointed this way, I'll knock out the bottom without touching the rim!" Amon Terry grinned. No man could perform that feat. "I'll take that bet," he said, walking over and placing his precious pipe carefully on the rock. He stepped back. This time, when Gunlock's rifle spoke, there was no joking. Instead, Amon brought back the empty shell of what had been his pipe and ruefully paid his bet. To this day, the name of the spring commemorates William Hamblin's marksmanship. The Navajos wouldn't negotiate. Then some Paiutes were suspected of robbing and murdering Dr. James M. Whitmore and Robert Mclntyre at their newly established ranch at Pipe Spring in the winter of 1865-66. At PIPE SPRING FORT this time raiding bands of Navajos PIPE SPRING NATIONAL MONUMENT and renegade Paiutes were scouring ARIZONA the land for sheep and cattle. When the Indians were questioned by the militia, they refused to talk except to When the Indians were on the warpath the settlers sought refuge in this deny the killings. The soldiers brutally stone fort. A big spring of water flows within the enclosure. shot them down. Unrest filled the frontier. The war path . . . bitter fighting . . . fleeing settlers. Fear and death rode side by side north of the Kaibab. In 1869, Brigham Young acquired the Whitmore-Mclntyre estate for the Mormon Church. He sent Bishop Anson P. Winsor with 40 heavily armed men to build a fort, improve the spring, and to care for the 10 to 15 thousand head of tithing cattle in Antelope Valley. This difficult task they accomplished late in 1870. Two 2-story sandstone buildings rose from the barren desert, facing each other across a courtyard closed at both ends by mammoth wooden gates banded with wrought iron. The north building enclosed Pipe Spring that daily poured out more than 65,000 gallons of pure cold water and assured a plentiful sup- ply in case of raid.

16 DESERT MAGAZINE Pipe Spring National Monument is a little oasis in the A rizona Strip near the Utah line. The trees, planted by the Mormons, are watered by a spring which flows 65,000 gallons of water daily. Antelope Valley in the background. Until 1875 the fort was maintained ranch. The CCC boys also installed family is a part of this land. My as a refuge for ranchers and their a water system, sewer lines, flood con- grandparents came here in '71, push- families fleeing from marauding In- trol, restored the fort, and fenced in ing their hand carts on foot across the dians. The 5 to 15 men on duty oper- the whole 40-acre tract. plains. My wife, Edna, came down ated a dairy and cheese factory in what "They were fine boys," Heaton said from Alton, and her folks were part is now Charles Heaton's sparsely fur- musingly. "I wish I had them with me of the great trek that made of Utah a nished office in the south building. today. There is still so much to do." promised land. Our people are trying Finally, with the Indians tamed and Today, the inquiring visitor will find hard to make of it today all that those settled on various reservations, private Pipe Spring the center of an intensely hardy pioneers dreamed it would some- interests used the fort as a headquart- interesting geological area, a strati- day be." ers for cattle ranching. The buildings graphic section extending 100 miles I looked at the prehistoric ruins 50 gradually fell into decay and disuse north to south from the north rim of yards beyond Heaton's corral, not yet until the federal government took them the to the pink cliffs of excavated, still untouched and just as over in 1923. Repaired and furnished Bryce. It is an area containing many they were left a thousand years ago, with the tools and equipment of its kinds of petrified wood, geodes, nod- save for weather and decay. The un- historical period, Pipe Spring fort will ules of every type, tobernite in nearby protected pueblo had not survived the remain a permanent and fascinating Hack canyon — an apple-green min- savagery of the Navajos who swept monument to that lawless pioneer era. eral containing uranium, copper and those early pueblo people before them, A Civilian Conservation Corp camp pitchblende. Local inquiry is usually as a bitter wind scatters the leaves be- established at the monument in 1936 sufficient to indicate likely hunting fore it. I thought how they had tried brought many changes to Antelope areas. to destroy the white pioneers, and in Valley. The 200 boys were engaged The water that keeps the spring turn had failed. primarily in grazing control and con- "A magnificent story," I said. "With servation work throughout the Ari- flowing comes out of the Sevier Fault, a break running more than 200 miles a past that goes back at least 10 zona Strip. From this supply of will- centuries." ing labor, Heaton was able to select comprising the scenic Vermilion Cliffs as many of the best as he wanted to in whose breaks many types of fine He nodded. "We feel that we have rebuild "his" monument—as he thinks mineral specimens can be found. deep roots here, and in the cemetery of it. Heaton has laid out the recreational up at Moccasin. Not that far back, of circle in the public camp by outlining course. But it's one of the things that In the depression years, those young it with solid sections of petrified tree make us feel that we are actually fellows built the present scientifically trunks. guarding the past. It's become a liv- designed public camp, the parking ing part of us now." area, planted most of the present When Heaton took me down the growth of young trees. The magnifi- tree-shaded path, past the swimming I agreed. And later, getting ac- cent old lombardy poplars were set out pool to the old CCC dispensary he has quainted with the Heaton children, I around the pools by Edwin D. Wooley converted into a comfortable home could understand exactly what he in 1886 when he owned Pipe Spring for his wife and children, he said: "My meant.

NOVEMBER, 1950 17 By A. La VIELLE LAWBAUGH Map by Norton Allen Sacred Mountain Y INTEREST in the ancient Indian ceremonial grounds in California's Black Mountain began early in 1949 when I was pres- of the Tribesmen ent at a meeting in Los Angeles spon- sored by the Archeological Survey Group of the Los Angeles County Museum. It was stated that prehis- toric ruins probably would be found It was the time of the annual time was guaranteed for the in this region. truce. All the nations were return home. Preparation for Following this meeting a little group selecting their emissaries for the ceremonial was vested in of us made a reconnaissance trip into the journey to Black Mountain. those nations adjacent to the the area. Driving from Los Angeles No nation claimed the moun- sacred mountain. All who we left the black top highway at Gar- tain although it lay almost di- came from afar provided their lock and took the steep, tortuous can- rectly between the Chemehuevi own food and in some years, yon road into the Apache Mine. Find- and the Pdnamint Nations. It water. In dry periods the water ing the trail blocked by an impassable was a sacred place to the an- which the crater usually con- sand wash, we stopped at the nearby cients. No man bore arms tained was non-existent. The home of Mrs. Jane McDonald. Mrs. against a neighbor during the Shoshone, the Ute and Gosiute Birdie Hungerford, caretaker at the mine and who lived nearby, was with long journey to and from the came from as far as the Great Salt Lake region; the Mojave, Mrs. McDonald. They extended to us mountain. He was safe from a courteous welcome and very gener- harm even though the way led the Kamia and the Cocopah from the Colorado River valley. ously gave us much information about him through the territory of the area. several enemy nations. A per- —This is the legend of Black iod of one moon was recog- Three weeks later, on our second Mountain as told by an aged attempt to scale Black Mountain, my nized at the same season each Indian to a miner whom he year for the trek. After the wife Neva and I drove in through Last had befriended in the El Chance Canyon. Where this canyon secret ceremonies which were . Paso Mountains of Califor- held atop the mountain, a like swings abruptly eastward there are nia. colorful clays and ash materials laid down in its eroded walls which were This pyramid-shaped mound of basalt rocks was sur- The author on the peak of Black Mountain. Indians no rounded by six well-defined ringed enclosures—prob- longer come here and white visitors seldom scale this ably made for ceremonial purposes. remote desert mountain.

18 DESERT MAGAZINE SIX RINGED ENCLOSURES ATOP PYRAMID BLACK MTN. o £,SUMMIT, EL.5259

STEEP DECLIVITY DISTINCTIVE LANDMARK PYRAMID-SHAPED PILE OF BASALT BOULDERS JOSHUA TREE GROVE IMPASSABLE SANDY WASH BURRO SEISMOTITE MINE 8 TRAMWAY _

CANYON

CUDAHY MINING CAMP

OLD INDIAN CAMP SITE HOUSE RINGS PETROGLYPHS MILEAGE CHECK POINTS La Vielle 12-49 strongly accented by the bright morn- Geology tells us that this petrified Over the north rim of Last Chance ing sun. These materials were first forest had its setting in the upper Mio- Canyon, near the Holly Cleanser Mine, deposited layer upon layer as volcanic cene or lower Pliocene, some 2,000,- there is a beautiful little grove of ash. The decomposition of the ash 000 years ago, {Desert, December Joshua Trees. which released silica for petrification 1943). The ground surface at that Our first stop for information was converted the ash into a claylike rock time, upon which the fauna flourished at Burro Schmidt's place. Burro is a called bentonite. When pure, benton- and from which the flora sprang, is veteran miner who has lived in Last ite is nearly white but in the Black now termed the Rosamond formation. Chance Canyon for many years. He Mountain vicinity it is stained all Then came the violent era of volcan- had never climbed Black Mountain shades of red, orange, blue, yellow oes and uplifting of mountain ranges. and so could not help us much. We and brown by iron minerals which also Layers of volcanic ash together with continued along the road to the Black had their sources in the volcanic ash. vesicular and compact basalt covered Mountain Mining Company's camp. Temperature variations at the time of the Rosamond. The massive red tuff- Delia Gerbracht, who lives there and deposition also played a part in the breccia exposed at Red Rock Canyon is vice-president of the Kern County color scheme. dramatically displays some of these Chapter of the Western Mining Coun- The Old Dutch Cleanser seismotite layers of volcanic ash. The fine green- cil, received us with open hospitality. mine in the north fork is visible from ish-gray tuff which marks the Rosa- That afternoon she took us on a con- the trail up the east fork. The tram- mond has yielded fossil remains in- ducted circle tour around the base of way up the steep slope to the bed of cluding the three-toed horse and Black Mountain. While we drove pure white pumice near the top of the hornless rhinoceri. Some of these fos- along she told us of the early mines, high wall hasn't been used for some sil finds were made in the petrified and of contemporary mining. She time. Only a caretaker lives at the forest area. showed us old Indian camp sites, little cluster of company buildings. The trail up the east fork is soft in many petroglyphs, bedrock mortars There are no indications that the mine some places. A deserted shack and and quarries. Both she and her father will be reopened. Up the north fork, some new mining equipment being in- were deeply interested in archeology. too, are the Chocolate Sundae Peaks stalled on a canyon slope caught our As we rounded the eastern flank of (our own name for two beautifully attention. Greasewood and sagebrush the mountain our guide pointed out shaped and colored formations) and are the predominate plants in the east the general location of some caves high a petrified forest. fork. There are a few scattered yuccas. up on the slope from which had been

NOVEMBER, 1950 19 cups for the device are still there, lying at the base of the stand. It seemed that every loose particle in the Owens WILD FLOWERS Valley to the north had been whipped of into a seething caldron which was BLACK MOUNTAIN spilling over Black Mountain. A column of yellow color rose perpen- dicularly from Randsburg which was distinguishable through the haze by reflection of the sun on metal roofs. To the southwest, across the El Pasos, a strong wind was furiously sweeping Koehn Dry Lake, raising an angry cloud of tawny dust. The mountain proper is a hog-back extending generally east to west with four outstanding humps along its run. Our way now was west, along the top of the mountain. Shortly after leaving the markers we came upon an old SCARLET PAINTBRUSh Indian campsite. Many chips were in Castilleja miniota Dougi. WILD BUCKWHEAT evidence; a scraper was found. In a Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth small, sheltered cut, on the north slope, we came upon a small patch of mari- BUTTERFLY-MARIPOSA posa lilies which had survived the ele- BLUE LARKSPUR Delphinium parry/ Gray Calochortus venustus Dougl. ments and the onslaughts of sheep La Vielle herds. They were a darker shade than Chinese red. This exotic wild flower seemed out of place on rugged taken some elaborately clothed Ka- the existence of a regular campsite. Black Mountain. The pretty name of chinas. The cloth material was re- The entire surface of Black Moun- mariposa is the Spanish for butterfly. ported to have been flax. tain is composed of a layer of olivine Picture taking was almost impossi- Delia is a wild flower enthusiast. basalt, laid down when the eruptions ble. I used speeds of l/200th second She told us how beautiful her country occurred. Decomposition of the basalt and even then couldn't always hold had been each spring until seven years and wind transported particles have the camera still enough. Further along ago when the first sheep were driven covered over much of the rough we found jasper and moss agate chips through. The bajada which extends jumbled blocks of basalt. All over the and then the first real ruins. They from her place up to the base of Black mountain we saw sprawling masses of were on the wind-swept northern flank Mountain was a sea of deep vivid red angular, dark brown boulders. It's al- of the mountain, set in a wild jumble each May; a magic carpet of mari- most as though a giant had strewn of huge basalt blocks. The prehistoric posas. The sheep not only ate the wild gigantic pebbles at will on the slopes, builders had taken advantage of nat- flowers but also damaged the root and or in other places carefully piled them ural hollows formed when the boulders bulb beds with their sharp hooves. up in pyramid-shaped heaps. Canyon came to rest—evened them out into Other wild flowers which annually erosion has exposed the underlying round enclosures and carefully walled made their appearance were scarlet Rosamond, the upper surface of which them in. An entrance was left in the paintbrush, forget-me-nots, blue bro- has been burned red. wall which averaged waist high. A diaea, purple onion, tansy phacelia, The crater, 50 feet deep and 350 roof structure was probably formed of blue bonnets, dwarf lupine, blue lark- feet in diameter, was southwest of the small limbs taken from trees growing spur, wild buckwheat and apricot mal- summit. Mountain clover, bunch grass, at the base of the mountain and closed low. wild buckwheat and blue larkspur over with tules from the water's edge That night we camped on the ba- contrasted with the brown and black in the crater. The floors of these ruins jada at the base of Black Mountain. boulders scattered at random about were strewn with debris. The velocity of the wind increased as the crater. A common plant which We were near the pyramid-shaped the sun went down and before bed- occurred from the floor of Last Chance peak at the west end of Black Moun- time we abandoned the idea of sleep- Canyon to the summit of Black Moun- tain. From down below and from ing on our cots. We spent the night in tain was the desert trumpet, a member almost any approach it gives the ap- the car, as we have done before, when of the buckwheat family. Other names pearance of a very regularly shaped given me by local residents for this there was wind or rain. During the pyramid. From a closer view it is curious plant are bottle weed and merely a huge pile of basalt blocks. night the wind changed, and rocked squaw cabbage. Rotting debris and the car so violently I started the motor What earth is there has been trans- other signs indicated that water had ported to the interstices of the angu- and swung the car around to keep it stood in the crater at the southwest headed into the storm. lar rocks by the wind. Many of the side where tules appeared to have boulders were covered with a yellow- Daybreak brought no slackening in grown. Within our own time, water ish red brown lichen. This colorful the force of the gale. We ate a cold has been reported in the crater. parasite actually eats the rock upon breakfast in the car, then started the From the crater we trudged on up which it lives. Through the acids climb to the summit of Black Moun- to the peak of Black Mountain at an which they secrete, lichens attack even tain. We carried only camera equip- elevation of 5259 feet. Two markers the hardest of rocks. The rock be- ment, lunch, canteen and field glasses. are set in concrete near a cairn of neath the lichen is easily scraped away There was no trail up the mountain rocks. A wooden tower which for- to a slight depth. side. In a deep saddle we found flint merly served as a stand for an ane- The top of the pyramid was crowned chips but no other evidence to support mometer is slowly going to ruin. The with six well-defined ringed enclosures, 20 DESERT MAGAZINE Two of the ceremonial rings on the shelf at the base of the pyramid-shaped cone of basalt rocks. A metate was found at the entrance to one of these enclosures. the floors of which were covered with Perhaps in wet seasons temporary North Dakota; pipestone quarried in bunch grass. They bore no evidence springs flowed or the pools were Minnesota was traded over the plains of having been living quarters. Their formed in natural depressions. area and as far south as Georgia; ob- exposed location would indicate an- In the late afternoon as we made sidian gathered in Yellowstone Park other use. If the old ceremonial legend our way down the slopes we met a was traded into Ohio; copper, mined be true, they may have played an im- small king snake. When young these in the Lake Superior region, found its portant part in the annual pilgrimage reptiles resemble the venomous coral way into the Southern states; and to the mountain. They could have snake in all but color. But the king worked turquoise from New Mexico been look-out posts built to offer a snake not only is harmless but is gen- has been found in Mississippi mounds." degree of protection from the violent erally regarded as a friend of man, and American Indian tribes were fre- winds. we let it go on its way. quently at war with one another, much Later, Neva and I came to a rough For amateur archeologists it had as the clans of old Scotland. Unlike terrace of boulders. At its base was a been a day of many interesting dis- the Scotch clans who joined forces to level shelf of land upon which were coveries. We can only guess as to why fight the English, the North American two circular house rings. This village the prehistoric Indians of the Mojave Indians never united to throw back site was almost directly under the pyra- Desert and beyond came to this arid the early European settlers. Quite the mid and extended eastward for about mountain—but we had found plenty contrary, they sided at times with the one quarter of a mile. We rested in of evidence that they did come here— whites in attacking neighboring tribes. the largest of the two rings and ate our and we would like to believe that their But while the tribesmen warred on lunch. There was a metate at the en- mission, as explained by the Indian each other, Black Mountain remained trance to the largest enclosure. The legend, was one of peace. For those a place of peace where tribal feuds rock comprising the crude wall was who may find it hard to believe the were forgotten and the Indians of stacked about 30 inches high. The legendary long trek to Black Moun- many nations came to commune with upper wall and roof covering may tian, it may be well to quote some their gods. have been constructed from tules and observations by Edwin F. Walker In these days when humans are still grass. We found many flint chips in which are based on authentic archeo- at war, it is good to know that there the immediate area but no finished logical discoveries: "There were many does exist, out on the , implements. Proceeding eastward trails north and south, east and west, a shrine where peace-loving people across the campsite we encountered along which traveled Indian traders, still may go and perhaps learn some- more house rings, some petroglyphs who were welcome even among war- thing about those primitive tribesmen and metates. Neva found an arrow- ring tribes. Shells from the Gulf of whose religion was so important to head near the second group of house Mexico were traded as far away as them that they would declare an an- rings. There were evidences all along Wisconsin, and abalone from the Pa- nual armistice for purposes of wor- here of places where water had stood. cific coast was known to tribes of ship.

NOVEMBER , 1950 21 'Detent By JACK PALMER China Lake, California Just a little grey shack in the Desert, Surrounded by limitless space. With greasewood and sage for a border, And clouds of old lavender lace. We built it ourselves, Little money was spent. But within those crude walls, There is peace and content. For seventeen years I had wandered alone, So hungry for peace and the freedom of home. This little grey shack you may look on with scorn. To me is as grand as a beautiful morn. From a builder's description It's far from the best. But to me it's a "Little Grey Home in the West." Just a little grey shack in the Desert, Where no filthy gossip is hurled. Just a place to relax in the twilight, At peace, with my soul and the World.

Paul Wilhelm's cabin, Thousand Palms, California. DESERT SONG By VIOLA PERRY WANGER SAGUARO DESERT LAMENT Upland, California By LENORE MCLAUGHLIN LINK By FRANCES WALLACE Starlight and dew and the whispering wind Los Angeles, California Dixon, California On the desert sand where I lie, Saguaros, ageless in their grandeur, stand Under the sands of centuries And a million stars that hang their lamps Unfathomed, mute. They have a watch to Lie drowsing in the sun On the black of the velvet sky. keep Dead cities of the Persians, Where rose-gold sunsets bathe their desert The walls of Babylon. An elfin cricket waked from his dream, land, Fiddles a fairy rune, Where boisterous winds in play or fury Under their empty shimmering skies And a drifting cloud weaves a gossamer sweep The wind is a singing lute; web To merge new contours from bare restless No living creature moves to stir Across the face of the moon. hills; The silence absolute. These faithful guards lend eminence and Starlight and dew and the whispering wind, pride The ancient deserts have long since Forgot is the world of men, The while their verdant magnitude instills gone And I sleep and dream in the desert night, Serenity of hope that will abide. And my heart grows young again. With giant fingers pointing toward the sky To their peaceful eternal rest; These stalwart warriors do not change, but But the living Mojave stirs and throbs To the beat of the test-pilot's quest. show SUNSET ON THE DESERT Some precious mandate with which they High in the ice-blue desert sky comply. By DOROTHY ADAMS HAMILTON Vapor trails flower and bloom; Bridgehampton, New York Do they, like strong men, keep their faith A rocket plane the shuttle that weaves and know On a vast and empty loom. Let me pillow my head on the sunset, Tn quietness and confidence shall be Confetti of cloud for a cover, Their strength to live and have eternity? Lovely the patterns that blossom forth While the flames leap high o • • Above the Mojave, sere and brown On my hearth of sky BALANCE Save where lupine carpeting the sand And heaven becomes my lover! Turns the bright sky upside down. The ebb and flow By SYBIL J. LAKE Of the blue red glow Dumas, Texas The night wind sighs through the Purple my soul in sleep. Can I forego the desert's call? Joshuas And color my dreams Can 1 resist the gem-trail's lure? Weary from wand'rings that never With prescient gleams Should I, to stave off hunger's pangs, cease; Of the joy one is sure to reap. Endure starvation of the soul? "I've blown through earth's farthest Who will not choose a narrow room, corridors," she cries Or a narrow heart to share it, Must I a robot always be, "But alas, I found no peace." But flings his life to the out-of-doors— To sleep and eat, that I may work. Trusting the sky to bear it. That I may eat and sleep again? • • • And may 1 never duty shirk? THIS IS THE LIFE Oh let me not one-sided grow. By MRS. RUTH LEVIE Let me drink deep of works of God, Los Angeles, California That when my duty here is done, By TANYA SOUTH I've sprung not vainly from the sod. A life is so minute a show, I've a gypsy pal • • • So brief a span! Who's quite a gal— From birth how swiftly do we grow! We a-desert camping go. AUTUMN FRENZY! The normal man The stars at night, By GRACE PARSONS HARMON Feels overweighted with his cares Like guardi ..is bright Desert Hot Springs, California Before his prime. Signal to L;S below. The winds sweeping over the desert Yet life's ascending upward stairs Are rowdy and lusty today! To the Sublime While cookits flapjacks and bacon, They're the boisterous laughter of waste- Go endless on. Endless the rise, Strong coffe • a-makin', lands, The hopes so rife. (And it's gospel truth, not a riddle) The shouts of the desert at play! And Heaven offers vaster skies The wind, blowing sand From life to life. All over the land Exulting in Autumn; in Summer passed by; Swished the bacon right out of They're loosing their riotous glee to the sky! our griddle!

22 DESERT MAGAZINE Catherine Venn has told in previous chapters how she ac- quired her 5-acre Jackrabbit Homestead, moved a cabana onto it, spent her first uneasy nights alone, learned to call the desert flowers and shrubs by their first names. This month she reveals how she finally at- tained complete harmony with the desert, gained from it the spiritual and physical lift it of- fers to those who live close to the land.

The author performs her early- morning ritual without benefit of modern plumbing. "I felt as crisp- fresh as the crystal clear desert air." Photograph by Harold Weight.

Diary of a Jackrabbit Homesteader . . .

By CATHERINE VENN bare skin. There is only the sibilant insect to disturb and it swoops in to buzz me in outraged fury. The desert HE LITTLE rock hill behind my cabana was dotted lavender bush hums with the rhythmic cadence of the with butter-gold clusters of encelia smiling into the honey-bees, and the whirring of tiny wings tells that the 7 sun from the tips of their long brittle stems. It was fast-darting iridescent humming-bird has paused in mid- the only visible change on the hill in the four months since air to sip pink chuparosa nectar. I had taken up abode at its base. No well defined path Here is a bath of pulverized minerals perfumed with scratched its pristine pattern, for I picked my way to its fresh lavender and warmed by the sun's own rays. How crest from one desert-lacquered rock to another. heavenly to relax to its tingling therapy and melt into My five-acre Jackrabbit Homestead was still in its nat- its magnetism. Sometimes I seek out a big rock to sun ural state except for the valiant little cabana that had on, and seem to draw strength from the radiation of its "withstood the lashings of untempered gales and looked captured energy. I wouldn't trade my salon for the finest more like a marker of my solitary venture than like living on Fifth Avenue. quarters. Yes, soon enough Rock Hill can be hacked over and Yes, I had done little to improve my homestead but the my little thorny desert neighbors uprooted for floor space desert had done much to improve me. Much more be- and watered landscaping. But now the water comes in cause 1 had been still—and listened, harkening to its ways five-gallon cans and even toting these has its conditioning and moods, brooding in its fathomless silences, absorbing compensations. its breathless beauty, its warmth and strength. The one planted tree is a palo verde. I found the At first all I could do was be still and listen, as I little mite, green as a blade of grass, at my doorstep in its moved about quietly, half stunned at finding myself out nursery-crib tin, with its bottle (water can) at its sid?. of the treadmill life of a city. 1 would sit for long hours Now who, I wondered, had found my tracks up the big under this new mysterious spell, half thinking, half medi- wash? And had they chuckled at my vain efforts to dig tating or dreaming. It mattered not whether it was Tues- up even the smallest palo verde and smoke tree—how was day or Thursday, or how many headlines or newscasts I to know that these babies had tap roots that go very, I missed, or who was writing what. I wanted to bathe very deep. awhile in the still deep waters and come out refreshed Before I had decided where to plant it, I was greeted and renewed. by a familiar figure calling, "I'm looking for a green stick. Soon enough mortar, bricks and lumber would invade I want to experiment on some water witching." this landscape of creosote and cholla—but now it be- "You can't have my precious little palo verde," I longed to me. And the sand I surveyed was delicately called back, looking at my erstwhile botany teacher. embroidered in pastel frocked elfin flora. Out on the We planted the little sapling where it would be free to dunes, colors borrowed from sunsets splashed over the spread its branches and rival its cousins in the big wash pale canvas of sand. so handsome in their full-crowned headdresses of gold. Soon enough bricked patios arrayed with gaudy chairs I could never remember having planted a tree—and and awnings could supplant the circle of wood stumps something welled up inside me, a feeling of deep emotion around the rock pit where ironwood charcoals glow and from the thrill of planting a growing, living memorial. I evening campfires flare under a spangled canopy. knew a part of me went into that little tree and part of Now seclusion reigns in the little wash—just made for its tenacity to live was in me, both of us expressions of basking in its white sands, as fine as powder against my God after our own seed. Together we would smile on

NOVEMBER.. 1950 23 each other as we put down our roots with a will to grow what was staring in my face until I turned the key in the to good stature. door. Protruding from the trellis on the right was a I was cautioned to wean it in a few months so it heavily penciled carton top. would be on its own when the intense summer heat drove I read: "The smoke you saw coming from the old me off Rock Hill. I had never heard of weaning a tree; shack over yonder is not hobos. There is only me and and it was hard to refrain from lavishing precious water my saddle pony." I smiled at this western flavored calling on it. When I took away its bottle it continued to thrive, card, but didn't know what to think or imagine. How had for like a little duckling it knew its way to water. Often he known I was alone? I hadn't seen smoke or been con- 1 wish it could tell me how far down it is to the pond. scious of a cabin across the highway. Maybe it does, and it is I who can't decipher its messages. Shortly afterward I met the rider and his mount, Not far away we planted a shoot from a rare white Sugarfoot, at the section turn-off. He was a colorful cow- ocotillo which my neighbor had spied while on an explor- puncher, and no less a gentleman. During the time he ing trip; its shell-pink creamy blossoms showing like white , was riding off range in our midst 1 always had the feeling tapers in a forest of the flame-tipped desert candles. that Rock Hill was well policed. No amount of water, tender care or plant food could By now I was becoming nicely oriented to my new coax it to leaf. Although it is not indigenous to this area way of life. I felt as crisp-fresh as the crystal clear desert it has spectacular cousins up on the lower hills. Perhaps air. The peace without had penetrated within. I was this little shoot does not take well to its new habitat. Or ready and anxious to seek part-time work before the perhaps I have been too anxious and have over-indulged beans ran low. and retarded one of such natural vigor. The only security I had was within myself, and it Vehicles entering the section have automatically took a heap of faith to demonstrate it. Some people can stopped at Rock Hill as if some invisible hand halted uproot themselves if they have some form of income to them. Friendly curiosity prompted most of them, who fall back on, even a small pension helps. But I had always expected to find a bewhiskered hermit or dried up struck out years ahead of that possibility. desert rat. But one carload from a dude ranch didn't go The morning I set out to job hunt I stopped at the away disappointed. postoffice. There was a post card asking me to call at A friend who knows my capacity for freckles had sent the office of a large concern nearby. I called and was me an old-fashioned blue calico sunbonnet. And on this hired for half-day work. If they heard me exclaim, "Ah, particular morning I decided to put up a rock divide the beans!" they heard right. between the section road and my approach. The more Driving back up the road to Rock Hill there was a intent the sun became on multiplying my freckles the new buoyancy to the air, a new brightness to the brush. more ingenious became my resistance. First I donned The sand glinted back at the sun and the richly lacquered the calico sunbonnet, next I employed an old pair of long hills shone more friendly. A happy little breeze danced kid opera gloves, then to screen the rest of my skin, I out to meet me twirling in pirouettes all up my drive. slipped a Nile green accordian pleated chiffon formal over The bright-faced encelias looked on and smiled. my denim sun suit. I tripped up the nature-hewn rock stairs to the top Observing their suppressed amusement I decided to of my little hill the better to survey my fairy kingdom. play the part and wear my regalia with great aplomb. One Below over the valley the mist was rising veiling the frill of the women voiced the leading question, "Do you live of low fluted hills. I lifted my eyes to the high hills that way off here all by yourself?" rise in tiers around this cove to the stately majestic peak "You mean you haven't heard of me? Cactus Kate? overlooking it all. And my snakes?" I replied in indignant surprise. As simply as a child, I whispered, "Thank you, God." "Your s-n-a-k-e-s!" trilled the blonde, grasping the I glowed inside. The demand I had made on life and driver's shoulder. followed up with faith and doing the best I knew how, "It's too hot to bring 'em out now," I said sadly. "The was being met every step of the way. Just as if someone sun'll kill them." were going before me and opening doors on a glorious "That's perfectly okay, sister," spoke up the driver adventure. patronizingly. "Just tell us how in blazes we get out of here." (The sixth instalment of Catherine Venn's diary will be in I have yet to see the first snake on Rock Hill. But on next month's Desert.) a nearby tract I did see the biggest sidewinder around • • • here strike at the hand of its executioner while I trembled in awed admiration. 49vu Veatt, 1/aMey Encampment.. . After my Cactus Kate episode I wore no more desert Members of the Death Valley '49ers, Inc., at a meet- originals for fear some field reporter would look me up. ing in Los Angeles September 9 voted to sponsor a Hardly a visitor can put foot on my Jackrabbit Home- second annual program in Death Valley this year in stead without leaving behind some telltale evidence, at commemoration of the famous trek across that region 51 least of footprints in the sand. Although I am far from years ago by the Jayhawker party. Indian-sharp in my self-taught observations, I can read Those present at the meeting favored the idea of hold- many betraying movements. Many visitors unsuspectingly ing a Death Valley Encampment this year instead of the reveal character traits in so many ways; the careless and elaborate pageant staged a year ago. The event would be inconsiderate leave marks that scream and scars that hurt. a more or less informal campfire program with possibly a No love for the desert, these. square dance carnival. The life and death race of brother rabbit to his door, Chairman A. W. Noon was instructed to name a one jump ahead of mister coyote, was all there in the committee to plan the program, fix the date and arrange sand. And there are footprints of papa quail alertly apart for a small budget for necessary expenses. It was deter- from those of mama and the covey on their morning and mined that no large expenditure would be involved. evening trek up and down the wash. Superintendent T. R. Goodwin of Death Valley Na- One morning they were stamped out by those of a tional Monument, John Anson Ford and other members horse's hooves, the first since my arrival at Rock Hill. offered various suggestions, one of them being that a They circled the cabana. The rider, a man, had dis- flapjack contest be arranged, and another that prizes be mounted and looked things over. But I failed to notice given photographers for their best Death Valley pictures. 24 DESERT MAGAZINE Lost Silver Mine of the Jesuits

The story persists that before the Jesuit fathers were expelled from the New World in 1767 by order of the king of Spain, they had located rich gold and silver mines and had ac- cumulated a fortune in precious metal. As the legend goes, the mines were concealed and the gold and silver already taken out were buried to await the day when they would be reinstated. Some of the old rec- ords seem to bear out these conclu- sions. Here is the story of one of these lost mines, as told by a man who has spent many years search- ing for them.

By JOHN D. MITCHELL Illustration by John Hansen

He was visited by his partner the day before the cloudburst and is said to have given him a roll of undeveloped films, which when developed showed the entrance to an old mine working and the front wall of an old mission or chapel that had never before been seen in this part of the country.

LD CHURCH records brought by the Spaniards upon their arrival in sion to the south, to another gateway from Spain by Don Ricardo Or- what is now Arizona and New Mex- or pass called The Gateway to Agua tiz of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mex- ico, and was being operated by them Hondo (Deep Water). To the south ico, and Don Santiago Diaz, former in 1750 when the second revolt of the from this pass runs a creek that emp- governor of Lower California, state Pima tribes occurred. The missions ties onto the desert near the old town that La Purisima Concepcion was one were plundered and partly destroyed. of Santa Cruz. of the richest mines ever discovered by Peace was restored in 1752 and the "The mine is to the east of the pass. the Indians of Primeria Alta, as this missions reoccupied in 1754. To quote Below the pass on the bank of the part of the country was called by the from the records: La Purisima Concep- creek there are twelve arrastres and early Spaniards. cion mine was located four leagues twelve patios. At the mine there is a Pieces of rich native silver float and (12 miles) south of the Tumacacori tunnel 300 varas (835 feet) long that the outcrop of the vein were discov- mission. Follow straight ahead through runs to the north. About 200 varas ered by the Opata Indians in 1508, the pass of Los Janos to the south from the portal of this tunnel a cross- about 15 years before the Spaniards about three leagues from the Guada- cut 100 varas long leads from the beached their ships on the east coast lupe mine, which is one league from main tunnel to the west. The ore in of Mexico. The mine was taken over the big gate of the Tumacacori mis- the face of this crosscut is yellow and

NOVEMBER, 1950 25 is one-half silver and one-fifth gold. quent trips to the Pajaritas and El Foreseeing that they would be un- Fifty, varas from the mouth of the Ruido and each time returned with able to take any of their treasure with mine in a southerly direction will be large pieces of native silver. It is said them, the Jesuits are said to have bur- found planchas d'e plata (slabs or balls upon good authority that only a year ied it near the missions or in the mines, of silver) weighing from 25 to 250 or two ago a prospector camped in hoping that they would be able to re- pounds each. In the rock above the the pass and after prospecting a turn for it at a future date. They never tunnel is the name La Purisima Con- week or two his camp was washed returned to claim their property and ception, cut with a chisel. The mouth away by a cloudburst that sent a wall many of the mines and treasures re- of the tunnel is covered by a copper of water down the creek near where main undiscovered even to this day. door and fastened with a large iron he had pitched his tent. Presumably That the Jesuits of Tumacacori, lock." So runs the old Spanish docu- he was washed away with it, as no while spreading the doctrine of Christ, ment. trace of him ever has been found. carried on extensive mining operations There is a mass of evidence to in- He was visited by his partner the and collected much gold and silver is dicate that this old mine is located in day before the cloudburst and is said indicated by the recent discovery of a the narrow pass between the west end to have given him a roll of undevel- number of adobe smelters (vasos) on of the Pajarita Mountains and El Ru- oped films, which when developed the east side of the mission. Two ido (mountain of the noises). Years showed the entrance to an old mine thousand fifty mule loads of virgin ago a saloon keeper in Nogales grub- working and the front wall of an old silver and 205 loads of gold bullion staked an old prospector to search for mission or chapel that had never be- are said to have been taken from the gold and silver in and around the Pa- fore been seen in this part of the Tumacacori mission by the padres jarita and El Ruido Mountains. The country. The little church was prob- and concealed in the Guadalupe mine old fellow was gone about six weeks ably a Visita for the Tumacacori mis- which measured one league southwest and then one day he appeared in front sion and was not unlike those fre- of the mission ruins. of the saloon with two burros loaded quently built by Spanish-American In view of the fact that so much down with large chunks of native sil- miners in the vicinity of the mines in native silver float has been found in ver he had found scattered over the which they are employed. From the the pass and at the Planchas De Plata surface of the ground in the pass be- evidence it would seem that La Puri- mine a short distance to the south in tween the Pajaritas and El Ruido. sima Concepcion mine really existed Sonora, Mexico, it is the belief of the They are believed to have eroded from and that it was very rich. writer that the story of the Pure Con- some kaolin outcrops that are known Tumacacori was founded in 1691, ception mine as set forth in the old to exist in the pass. The old man but just how long the Jesuit fathers document is a true one. Mexican and started to celebrate his good fortune worked the mines is unknown. They Indian vaqueros believe El Ruido is and was found dead the next morn- were, however, working a number of haunted and avoid it as much as pos- ing. The saloon keeper was never able gold and silver mines in the mountains sible. I once rode a mule across the to find the place where the old pros- around the mission in 1767, when King foothills of El Ruido and owing to the pector picked up the rich pieces of Charles III issued the edict expelling peculiar nature of the rock his hoof- silver. the Jesuits from Spain and all its pos- beats sounded like a base drum. Shortly after the conclusion of the sessions, one of the reasons being Mexican War and the signing of the their alleged failure to pay one-fifth The kaolin outcroppings in the pass Gadsden treaty when the tri-color was of all the gold and silver produced to between the Pajaritas and El Ruido moved southward, an old prospector the Spanish Crown. This one-fifth tax would seem to offer a clue to the or- with headquarters at Tubac made fre- was known as the Royal Fifth. igin of the rich pieces of native silver that have from time to time been dis- covered on the surface. The padres in their old records often mention having found native silver in veins of kaolin or caliche, as they called it. 11MIT4TI0S TO DESERT VISITORS... These outcrops consist of kaolin, iron-stained quartz, and occasionally Palm Desert Art Gallery, featuring the desert paintings large nuggets of native silver. Most of of more than 40 western artists will remain open from eight the rich minerals originally contained in these veins have been leached and a.m. to five p.m. seven days a week during the winter season. carried down to water-level and pre- The gallery occupies the big foyer of the Desert Maga- cipitated as secondary enrichment. It zine pueblo at Palm Desert. Here, visitors will have an op- is not uncommon in the desert country to find rich outcrops of silver ore near portunity not only to see the best work of many of the Scuth- the surface while directly under them west's finest artists, but may also browse in the book and the ore has been leached out. Many of crafts shop and inspect the publishing plant of the magazine. the old Spanish workings were stopped in this leached zone instead of going Director of the gallery this season is Harriet A. Day, on down to water-level for the second- formerly in charge of the Desert Inn gallery in Palm Springs. ary enrichment that is almost certain There is no admission charge to the gallery, and the to be found under these leached zones. Many of these old workings that Staff of Desert Magazine extends a welcome to all who come, were closed down when they entered and especially to members of the big family of Desert readers. the leached zone, or were later closed and abandoned upon the demonitiza- tion of silver, could be re-opened today and made to produce millions in silver Palm Desert, California and copper ore. Most of the silver mines in southern Arizona carry a high percentage of copper.

DESERT MAGAZINE Nevada has had its gold and silver booms, and now its mining men are looking forward hopefully to another burst of mining activity. Prospectors are out in the hills with Geiger counters, looking for ur- anium. Spark plug in the new treasure hunt is Marty Hess, whose traveling laboratory goes up and down the state demonstrating the methods of identifying uranium-bearing ore. Here is the story of Marty Hess. He Tells 'em How to Find Uranium

By JEAN McELRATH

ARID desert lands and you'd be surprised at the number and precipitous mountains are of fellows who just happen by and just feeling the tread of sturdy boots happen to have good-looking ore and the eager tap of the miner's samples in their pockets that I might pick this year, as they have not since like to test with the counter. We get the high-fevered days of glory on the to talking—and I forget to eat." Comstock. The Nevada State Department of Once more Nevada's prospectors Vocational Education, under the di- During his vacation periods Marty are aflame with the belief that Fortune rection of Don C. Cameron, sponsored Hess goes out in the hills with his smiles for them in the next out-crop- the lecture tour as a renewal of the Geiger counter to do some pros- ping ledge or just over the next hill. pre-war policy of holding itinerant pecting on his own. Young and old, housewife and busi- schools for prospectors throughout the nessman, representing all races, creeds state during the winter months. A comments Hess, who has tried pros- and vocations in the best tradition of number of his lecture stops, including pecting all over the world. His father Nevada's prospecting history, they the Mackay School of Mines at the was a mining engineer and the family search not for gold or silver this time, University of Nevada in Reno, asked followed the elder Hess around, a way but for the powerful and mysterious for return visits. Hess kept no record of living that seems to come naturally rarity of our day—uranium. of the number of unscheduled demon- to son, Marty—''My given name, not "They're finding it, too," says Marty strations he made, such as the one for a nick," he says when asked. His Hess, the man who struck the spark officials of the Kennecott Copper Cor- formal education, begun early in Salt in many of these forty-niners of 1950. poration at Ruth. Special requests also Lake City, ended with high school in "Further," he predicts, "they'll find took him to Randsburg and Fair Oaks, California. uranium-bearing ore in quantity suf- California, to lecture in April. Mackay School of Mines at the Uni- ficient to put Nevada on the U. S. "When a man can talk steadily on versity of Nevada has benefitted from uranium map, before this year is out." one subject for two or three hours and this wanderlust through donation of a Hess injected his own tremendous have his audience still awake, taking collection of atomic energy mineral enthusiasm for prospecting into solid notes and asking intelligent questions specimens picked up in such widely technical information on the how, at the end of that time, he's got some- separated places as Canada, South where and why of finding uranium thing," observed a Carson City house- America and Madagascar, as well as ores, during a series of scheduled lab- wife after attending one of the lec- various parts of the U. S. The collec- oratory and lecture classes conducted tures. tion is especially valuable now that during three months last spring in 38 "Nevada is the first state in the nations will no longer allow such ore towns and camps up and down the Union to set up a uranium school for specimens to be transported across state of Nevada. More than 2000 the common prospector. We've the their borders. prospectors attended these sessions, blessing of the Atomic Energy Com- "Here and there," Hess replied, most of them with their pockets full mission and already the school is pay- when asked where he acquired so of ore samples for Hess to test with ing off," Hess says earnestly, referring much information on the subject of the Geiger counter or ultra-violet to the number of recently recorded uranium. light. Lectures planned to last two or discoveries of uranium bearing ore in "He studied!" put in Mrs. Hess, three hours were sometimes extended the state. It was these discoveries slim and blonde, who travels with him into the early morning hours by the which prompted Nevada's Senator Pat whether he is lecturing or prospecting, numbers of these requested tests and McCarran's observation that with con- and helps handle the ore tests. "One questions. tinuing discoveries, the Atomic Energy of his buddies in the navy told me that "I've missed meals, as well as sleep, Commission will undoubtedly establish when other men were out painting the that way," chuckles Hess, a sandy- a stock pile or buying agency in the town on leave, Marty had his nose in haired, blue-eyed young man who state. a book about uranium. Some of his thoroughly enjoys talking, especially "The mountains aren't covered with best books were published by the Aus- about prospecting. "Birdie, my wife, forests and the land isn't all cluttered tralian, Canadian and U. S. govern- and I," he explains, "order a restaur- up with farms and towns and people. ments." ant meal in some little Nevada town Nevada's a good state for prospectors," Birdie Hess went on to explain that

NOVEMBER, 1950 27 anium bearing ore is being shipped out of Pershing county and it's been discovered in Nye and Lincoln coun- ties, as well as Clark. With prospectors learning what to look for we should see some interesting samples on our lecture tour, this winter!" The Hesses themselves have spent the summer haunting Nevada's des- erts in search of the fabulously preci- ous ore, and not without results. Among the winter lecture samples probably will be some from the four claims located at Copper City, a southern Nevada ghost camp, by Marty and Birdie Hess and Fay Per- kins, a prospecting friend from Over- ton. "I should know my way around, down there," grins this prospector's professor. "Lord knows, I've walked many a hot thirsty mile through those deserts, broke and half hungry. Only, before the war, it was gold or silver!" • • • A COURAGEOUS PIONEER. AND THE WORLD'S WORST POET . . . DESERT CENTER—Twenty-nine years ago Desert Steve Ragsdale gave Marty and Birdie Hess with their traveling laboratory. Mrs. Hess is holding up his real estate business in Blythe a portable Geiger counter, the most important equipment in this itinerant and moved his wife and four children school. out to a homesteader's abandoned well, midway on the 90-mile stretch of after the war her husband worked pitchblende carried among the school's sandy road which spanned the Chuck- wherever he could find out more about uranium-bearing ore samples. awalla Valley between Blythe and the more than 100 different ores con- Marty and Birdie Hess found, also, Mecca. In those days it required nine taining uranium. "He was at the Dove that the mysterious ore associated hours for a sturdy car to make the Creek uranium mines in Colorado for with atomic energy, is giving rise to 90-mile trip, with no gas and little a year, and he came to Nevada for a whole new crop of miracle tales. water along the way. Travel over the the lectures from the Fisher Research "We've heard some of the strangest road averaged 10 or 12 cars a week. Laboratories in Palo Alto, California," stories!" said Mrs. Hess. "One woman When Steve announced he was start- she said. is supposed to have cured a lump ing a service station out there his But Hess himself is more interested under her arm, simply by binding a friends thought he was crazy. But he in talking about the fabulous future piece of carnotite against it; and a went ahead, and when the California that he feels may come to Nevada and prospector vowed that he cured a highway department moved the road her people through increased knowl- toothache by crushing a little bit of away from him and paved it, he fol- edge that will help them find and pitchblende and packing around it!" lowed the road and called his new recognize uranium-bearing ores. "Don't forget the gentleman in To- location Desert Center. On Septem- "The lectures were like a shot in nopah who makes his tomatoes grow ber 24 Desert Steve invited the whole the arm in Eureka, where the principal like Luther Burbank's with U-H2O," world to come and help him celebrate mines are closed," he said. "Gave Marty reminded her. the 29th anniversary of the founding those people something new to look At Goodsprings in the southern part Desert Center, which has become one for." He was astonished at the num- of the state, a week-end prospector of the best known and patronized ser- ber of housewives attending his ses- heard the lecture and then dumped a vice stations on the California desert. sions all over the state. And he recalls two-quart fruit jar full of samples on Steve Ragsdale's Desert Center has with satisfaction that some of his most the table for testing. grown to a half million dollar com- eager and attentive audiences were on "Don't pay no attention to that munity. the Nixon and Owyhee reservations. plumbojarosite," he said, throwing Posted conspicuously at Desert Cen- "Those men know all about the aside a bit of dull, lemon-yellow rock. ter is Steve's motto: "Honesty, In- good deal Uncle Sam sets up for the "The kids got it off the old mine dustry and Sobriety." Steve will serve Indian on his reservation and they dumps. They like to put it in with my neither liquor nor beer in his establish- make good prospectors." samples and pretend it's good stuff." ment. On the door is a sign: "No Like everyone else, the Indians were The discarded stuff from the old dump dogs; no drunks; we prefer dogs." fascinated by the portable Geiger was carnotite, which, while not nearly The chef at the Desert Center cafe counter. They never tire of testing as rich in uranium as pitchblende, was baked 102 cakes, and free cake and every kind of ore sample with the rich enough to make Goodsprings a ice cream were served throughout the gadget, which is capable of picking up going camp again. day to hundreds of visitors. Speakers emanations from such minute quan- "It's those unscheduled things that from all over the desert county, there tities of radio-active material as the add a wallop to a job I already like," to take part in a platform program paint on a luminous watch dial. The remarks Hess. "There's samarskite, during the afternoon, agreed that counter goes into ticking hysterics high grade 'U' ore and hard rock Desert Steve was a courageous pioneer when applied to the small piece of Monazite in Southern Nevada. Ur- and the world's worst poet.

28 DESERT MAGAZINE of a lost mine whose owner before he Silver Lode of Death Valley in the died told his listeners they would never June number of Desert Magazine. It find his mine as there was no dump may be of interest to your readers to to spot it by. The water falls and know that my father, Anderson Ben- stream would take care of that pretty son, was a member of the party which well, wouldn't they? His mine was in found the mine in the winter of 1849. Two Tales of Lost Gold . . . that area. Father used to tell my sister, my Tujunga, California A. R. BENTON brother and me, while we were grow- ing up, about his experiences in cross- Desert: • • • ing the plains and Death Valley. Un- Your lost mines give me a lot of No-longer-forgotten Grave . . . fortunately, we did not realize the his- pleasure, just from reading about Pomona, California torical value of what occurred on that them, so — maybe I can give some Desert: trip and took no notes. However, I other readers a bit of the same, let Please refer to the picture on page will relate what we three can remem- them read about two that aren't lost. four of your October issue—the pic- ber, as it was told to us. Some years ago, during the depres- ture of a "Pioneer's Grave." sion, a miner quit-claimed a placer Father was born in Massachusetts in About 10 years ago on the road 1822. In the early part of 1849, he claim to me. One day while working from Twentynine Palms, California, this claim I, being the man in a hole joined a large party of emigrants across the Joshua Tree National Mon- headed for California by ox team. His shoveling the dirt out to a friend above ument to Key's View I noticed a who was running it through a dry- party suffered the losses by sickness, weather-beaten grave marker. It in- starvation and exhaustion experienced washer, felt the ground under me be- terested me enough that I took notice gin to sink and slide toward the cen- by nearly all early emigrants who of nearby landmarks, and on our re- crossed the desert to California. ter of the hole. turn from the View I asked the driver I hurriedly got out of there and to stop so I could read the name and At Salt Lake City, the train split from the edge of the hole turned to dates. up. Some crossed the Sierra to Sac- see what was going on down there. The next morning I went to work as ramento via Donner Lake. Father cast The bottom of the hole seemed to usual in the office of the Bureau of his lot with one of the groups which sink and as three large boulders came Internal Revenue in Los Angeles. Dur- took the southern route. They hired into view at the sides of the hole the ing the lunch hour a phone call came a guide who became hopelessly lost last of the dirt disappeared through a in and as my assistant was out I an- somewhere in Nevada. The various hole the size of a man's head between swered it. The man on the line was parties pushed on to a point near the the three big rocks. As the last of it seeking information, and when he had California-Nevada line. The main disappeared we could plainly hear finished I asked him his name. body of the caravan continued south some of the larger stones strike the "John Lang," he said, "spelled and got through to the Los Angeles sides of the large rocks and then the L-a-n-g." area without too much trouble. Sev- sound of the stones falling into water "Please pardon me but I must tell eral smaller groups started west to- came up to us. you I saw that name in a very unusual ward Death Valley. The way was I told a miner friend of the happen- place just yesterday," I said to him. rough, and quite a number soon turned ing some time later and he in turn told "Well, I am sure it was not mine," back and trailed the main party. a mining engineer about it. The en- he replied, "for my name is not in any While still in Nevada but already gineer told him to tell me not to unusual place." suffering from hunger and thirst, the abandon work on the place but to "No," I said, "it was not your name, party came to an Indian settlement, sink a shaft off to one side and then but it was John Lang." deserted by the Indians in fright. They tunnel into the spot where the cave-in Then I told him about the grave stayed there several days, and dis- occurred. He thought that there was marker out in Joshua Monument. covered a garden of squashes evidently an underground stream there running There was silence, and finally I said, cultivated by the Indians. So great was at bedrock and that getting into that "Mr. Lang, are you still on the phone?" their hunger that they were willing to tunnel would be just like getting into "Yes," he said. "I was named after risk being scalped to have the food, Fort Knox. my father's brother, John Lang. He and they ate all the squashes. He had it figured that the stream came West many years ago and after They were soon forced to cut down running at bedrock would be just like a while my folks never heard from their wagons, making carts out of the a natural sluice box separating the him. They have long wondered what rear wheels, in order to lighten the gold from the dirt and that it had been became of him. Perhaps this is a load for their emaciated oxen. They going on down there for perhaps clue." abandoned much of their equipment thousands of years and that I would Then he asked for directions to en- at this point. Farther on, when their find nothing but black sand and gold able him to reach the grave. food was all gone, they butchered their there at bedrock and more likely than Some time later I was again in oxen and dried the meat. The animals not, plenty of it. The claim is alive Twentynine Palms and drove out that were so poor there was little marrow with rattlesnakes and they always way with friends. We stopped at the in their bones. After drying the meat seem to disappear into a hole and go grave. The brush had been cleared and resting up a bit, they pushed on on down if they get away, so—they away, big stones placed around the with what they could carry. By this would be in there too. I left it alone. mound, and a new and better marker time, they were well into Death Val- Being alone in a dark hole with them was in place, with the name "John ley. Somewhere in Death Valley the isn't for me. Lang" in very readable letters. party ran across a silver ledge. Each The other mine: While fishing high CECIL S. GERTY of the men took a small piece of ore in the Sierras some years ago I was • • • and put it in his pocket. The rough fishing up a small stream and came Discovery of Lost Gunsight Mine . . . pieces of metal soon wore holes in to a water fall covering the mouth of Kelseyville, California their pockets, so all but one of them a tunnel. Inside the tunnel was a pair Desert: threw his ore away. This one man car- of small rails on rotted ties all covered I have just read with interest the ried his specimen through to civiliza- with water. Later I read somewhere brief reference to the Lost Gunsight tion. It is my memory that it assayed

NOVEMBER, 1950 29 97 percent pure silver. Whatever the After leaving Death Valley, the party language they made him understand exact figure, it was an unusually rich passed through a canyon in which they that they wanted water. The boy led deposit. The man had a gunsight made captured a young Indian. They did them to water. He waited until the from the metal, having lost the sight their best to win his confidence. They others had drunk their fill. Then he from his gun. Thus the name, Lost gave him some clothing which they acted as if he could not get down to Gunsight Silver Lode. persuaded him to put on. By sign drink with the clothes on. In later years, father would imitate for us how the Indian would go through the mo- tions of trying to get down but being Desert Magazine's monthly Quiz is designed hampered by the clothing and remov- for two groups of readers: (1) Those who ing a piece of it, trying again unsuc- Desert Quiz have traveled the Southwest enough to be- cessfully and removing another piece, come familiar with its people and geography and history and Nature lore, until he had it all off and drank. When and (2) those who are still in the tenderfoot class, but would like to learn he finished, he bounded up and off like more about this fascinating American desert. The questions include the a deer. Evidently he shed the clothing fields of geography, history, botany, mineralogy, Indians and the general so that it would not hamper him in lore of the desert country. Twelve to 14 is a fair score, 15 to 17 is good, making a quick getaway. 18 or over is excellent. The answers are on page 44. Somewhere along the journey, the 1—Traveling from Barstow, California to Flagstaff, Arizona on Highway party ran across some wild horses. 66 the most important river you would cross is the: Colorado They shot one, and ate strips of the Gila San Juan Virgin fat raw. 2—Tallest of the eight native trees of the Southwest desert is: The canyon led into a beautiful val- Joshua Ironwood Palm Mesquite ley where they saw cattle grazing, so 3—"The Gap" is the name of an Indian Trading Post 41 miles from: they knew that they were out of the Canyon de Chelly Navajo Bridge Gallup, New Mexico wilderness. Soon they heard dogs bark- Taos, New Mexico ing, and a little farther on they came 4—Dick Wick Hall sold his "laughing gas" at: Yuma Wicken- to a ranch house owned by a Spaniard. burg Salome Needles The Spanish rancher was wise enough 5—"Stope" is a word commonly used in: Mining Surveying to know that solid food would kill the Archeology Motor-boating men if eaten while in their emaciated 6—Showlow is the name of a town on: Highway 60 Highway condition. He had a large cast iron 80 Highway 66 Highway 93 kettle such as was used by ranchers at 7—Indians who call themselves "The People" are: Zunis Hopis that time for scalding hogs and render- Apaches Navajos ing lard. Also he had a field of 8—Dr. Elwood Mead in whose honor Lake Mead was named was a: squashes on which he had them subsist U. S. Army Engineer Chief of the U. S. Park Service Sec- for several days before he let them retary of the Interior U. S. Reclamation Commissioner start gradually to eat solid food. 9—Fiddleneck is the common name of a desert: Reptile Flower As I remember, there were 13 of the Bird Tree party who got through alive; only the 10—Most conspicuous member of the cactus family along Highway 80 very strong survived. between Yuma and Tucson, Arizona, is: Organ Pipe Cholla All of the party, with the exception Saguaro Prickly Pear of my father and a friend by the name 11—If you visited the famous Palm Canyon near Palm Springs, California, of Bryant, moved on in about six your admission fee would go into the tribal funds of the: Mojave weeks, as soon as they were able to Indians Yuma Indians Cahuilla Indians Cocopah travel. Father and Bryant stayed on Indians for six months. 12—Blossoms of the most common species of Night-Blooming Cereus Father always wanted to go back cacti found in Arizona are: Red Yellow Blue and try to find the lost silver lode. He White kept in touch with some of the mem- 13—Only one of the following denizens of the desert injects poisonous bers of the group who had found it. venom in its victims: Vinegaroon Tarantula Scorpion Finally, sometime around 1870, father Centipede and two other members of the group 14—Author of the book Death Valley in '49 was: W. A. Chalfant decided to go. They were all set to Lewis Manly George Wharton James Charles Lummis start, expecting to go into Nevada and 15—According to legend, Pegleg Smith's nuggets of black gold were travel over the route as before, when found: On one of three hills In a desert waterhole Where one of the three became sick and died. his burro pawed away the loose gravel The remaining two were discouraged 16—Kanab is the name of a town in: Utah Arizona Nevada and gave up going. The ledge prob- New Mexico ably was covered up by the shifting 17—Correct spelling of the Spanish word for barrel cactus is: Biss- sands and, therefore, has never been naga Bisnage Bisnaga Visnaga found again. 18—"The Mittens" are the names of buttes in: Grand Canyon National There probably are other descend- Park Monument Valley Petrified Forest National Monu- ants of the Lost Gunsight Silver Lode ment Prescott Winslow Ashfork Springer- party living in California who may ville read this letter. If so, I would greatly 19—The Arizona town best known for its production of flagstone is: appreciate hearing from them and hav- Prescott Winslow Ashfork Springerville ing them add their bit of what their 20—John W. Mackay was associated with: Development of the Comstock fathers or grandfathers mav have Lode in Nevada The surrender of Geronimo Building of handed down to them concerning this Hoover dam Discovery of silver at Tombstone historical event. CHARLES A. BENSON 30 DESERT MAGAZINE aet An honored visitor ARIZONA Pioneer Cowboys Get Together . . . Commissioner Makes Prediction . . . BISBEE — Rugged southwesterners HOLBROOK —Eventual assimila- who "have ridden the range for 40 in every home tion of all Indians into the general years or more" got together and population and universal free educa- swapped stories at their annual round- tion for all Indians under state control up meeting recently in Bisbee, and were predicted by Dillon S. Myer, elected J. H. Getzwiller, Benson, Ari- THE OlftGRZinE commissioner of Indian Affairs, in an zona, as president of Southwest Pion- address of dedication for the new eer Cowboys association. W. R. Stev- Hopi-Navajo elementary school at enson is past president. The new Keams Canyon. It was Myer's first president has been a cattleman in the During the Christmas season official visit to the Navajo and Hopi Southwest since the early years of this last year nearly 3,000 readers country since his appointment last century, came to Arizona in 1909. of Desert Magazine sent gift May as commissioner. Sons of pioneer cattlemen are eligible subscriptions to friends and relatives in every part of the When the tribesmen are finally ab- to join the association if they are in United States. It proved to be a sorbed into the population, there will the cattle business. — Tucson Daily popular gift, according to the be no need for a Bureau of Indian Citizen. testimony of hundreds of letters Affairs, Myer said. He said his visit • • • received during the intervening to the reservations impressed him with White Chief Visits Indians . . . months. the lack of school facilities for Indian WINDOW ROCK—Dillon S. Myer, children.—Holbrook Tribune-News. commissioner of Indian Affairs, spent • • • several days in September traveling This season, Christmas gift Virgin Timber to Be Logged . . . over the Navajo and Hopi reservations magazines are to be mailed to discussing with Indian Service leaders arrive with a distinctive desert FLAGSTAFF —The virgin stands gift card in ample time to go on of Ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, spruce plans for initiating work on the Nava- and white alpine fir in the North Kai- hopi rehabilitation program for which the Christmas tree. bab forest will soon know the whir of congress made an initial appropriation saws and the sound of powerful of $12,000,000. This is one gift that lasts motors, trucks and winches. The U. S. • • • throughout the year, bringing Forest Service is planning to put the Arizona Artist Honored . . . many hours of pleasure and en- North Kaibab under a sustained yield tertainment to every member PRESCOTT—Kate T. Cory, artist, of the family. Desert is printed program with an annual harvest of writer and interpreter of the Hopi 27,000,000 board feet of lumber. Suc- for adults, but the children find cessful bidder for the first contract, Indians was the recipient of an hon- delight and information in its which is expected to provide enough orary membership in the Yavapai beautiful desert photographs. logs to operate the firm's mill for five County Archeological society at the or six years, is a Holbrook company, September meeting of the organization. The membership certificate given the This one gift that will cost no the Whiting Brothers Lumber com- more this year—one subscrip- pany. The company bid the highest artist stated: "Miss Cory, beloved rate on record in the Southwest for citizen of Prescott, came from the East tion for $3.50, two for $6.00 and 168,000,000 board feet of virgin tim- to discover the West and remained for $3.00 for each additional gift in ber. The bid was $45.10 per 1000 seven years with the Hopis. Her the same order. You may or- paintings, well known in Arizona, ex- board feet. Previous high was $33.— der now and pay in January Coconino Sun. hibited in New York and Canada, have portrayed the customs and rituals if you wish. • • • of the Hopis; her writings have Indians Not Afraid oi Crater . . . thrown light on their everyday life; WINSLOW—Canyon Diablo crater, her collection of Hopi artifacts and the great meteoric pit on the northern relics has genuine archeological inter- SEND DESERT FOR Arizona plateau, was created so long est." ago it hardly is possible that today's o • • CHRISTMAS Indian tribesmen in the area have any Death Comes to Aged Chief . . . legends bearing on the actual fall. WINSLOW — Kumaumtewa, be- You will find a convenient order This opinion was expressed by Dr. lieved to be the oldest of the Hopi Lincoln La Paz of the University of Indians, died in his sleep at Hotevilla blank in this issue New Mexico. Dr. La Paz referred to on the Hopi mesa September 9. Ac- the common belief that the Indians cording to his grandson, Ralph Te- have a superstitious fear of the crater. wanguma, silversmith in Tucson, Ku- He said he and his research assistants maumtewa was "always after us to have found evidence that the Indians keep active and not to lie around." not only frequented the crater but Summer and winter he would rise be- actually built dwellings on its rim. The fore sunup and take a cold bath. He Indian ruins which have been found always traveled by foot, never horse- date back to about 1075 to 1150 A.D. back. He was a rug weaver and was The meteor is believed to have fallen present at the Hopi snake dances in at least 50,000 years ago. August this year.—Tucson Citizen.

NOVEMBER, 1950 31 Central Arizona Bill Killed . . . WASHINGTON—The House Pub- THE D€S€RT TRADING POST lic Lands committee has killed the highly controversial Central Arizona Classified Advertising in This Section Costs 8c a Word, $1.00 Minimum Per Issue Project bill, but promised to resurrect it if congress returns for another ses- FRED AND JESSIE PORTER welcome you to sion later this year. The $596,000,000 INDIAN GOODS SHOOT!!! your pictures of "Ghost Town of WE SEARCH UNCEASINGLY for old and rare Calico" and mountains in miniature, at the reclamation measure passed the sen- Indian Artifacts, but seldom accumulate a "POW-WOW" Trading Post, Hiway 91, Yermo, ate last March, but has been held up large assortment. Collectors seem as eager to Calif. The hub of Rock-hounds of Paradise. possess them as their original owners. To Crystals, cutting material in rough or slabbed. in the lower house by 25 pending those who like real Indian things, a hearty Uranium, highly fluorescent, and specimens. welcome. You too may find here something Miniature cactus, gifts and souvenirs. amendments. It would authorize con- you have long desired. We are continually struction of Bridge Canyon Dam on increasing our stock with the finest in Navajo CARLSBAD CAVERN IN COLOR! 35MM. Koda- rugs, Indian baskets, and hand-made jewelry. chrome slides taken by controlled flash to the Colorado River plus facilities to Daniels Trading Post, 401 W. Foothill Blvd. show each formation at its best in brilliant Fontana, California color. These are new! Send 50 cents for lift water and transport it halfway sample slide and large photograph showing across the state of Arizona to supply FOUR VERY FINE ancient Indian Arrowheads, views offered. Robert Nymeyer, 811 West $1.00; 4 tiny perfect bird arrowheads, $1.00; Greene, Carlsbad, N. Mex. central part of the state with irrigation 1 ancient stone tomahawk, $1.00; 2 flint skin- ning knives, $1.00; 1 large flint hoe, $1.00; 2 "GOLD PANNING FOR PROFIT." Healthy out- water. California opposes the project, spearheads, $1.00; 10 arrowheads from 10 door hobby. Beginners big illustrated instruc- claiming it would take water to which states, $1.00; 20 damaged arrowheads, $1.00; tion book—$1.00. Miners' gold pans, $2.00. 10 fish sealers, $1.00; 10 hide scrapers $1.00; Prospectors' powerful magnifying glass, $1.00. California is entitled and that the ex- 4 perfect saw edged arrowheads, $1.00. The Package black sand and real gold, $1.00. above 11 offers $10.00, postpaid. List Free. Desert Jim, 627 Lillian, Stockton, California. penditure is not economically justified. Lears, Glenwood, Arkansas. —Yuma Daily Sun. "HONEYBUNCH" GIFT PACK of California's PANNING GOLD — Another hobby for Rock finest native honey. One % lb. jar each of • • • Hounds and Desert Roamers. A new booklet, sage, thistle, mesquite and wild flower. De- "What the Beginner Needs to Know," 36 pages licious and different. Place Christmas orders Excavation to Be Resumed . . . of instructions; also catalogue of mining books now. Gift cards enclosed. Tontz Honey Farm, and prospectors supplies, maps of where to go Hwy. 395, Elsinore, California. BENSON—Excavation of the an- and blue prints of hand machines you can build. Mailed postpaid 25c, coin or stamps. LADY GODIVA "The World's Finest Beautifier." cient village site of Quiburi, near Fair- Old Prospector, Box 729, Desk 5, Lodi, Calif. For women who wish to become beautiful, for women who wish to remain beautiful. An bank, Arizona, is being resumed this outstanding desert cream. For information, BOOKS — MAGAZINES write or call Lola Barnes, 963 No. Oakland, fall, according to Charles Di Peso, THE CALICO PRINT—a new kind of feature Pasadena 6, Calif, or phone SYcamore 4-2378. archeologist who directed work at the newspaper published monthly by Lucile and site last spring. Both Indian pottery Harold Weight, Lucille Coke and Martha OLD WESTERN outlaw photos, $1.00. 20 dif- Berry. Illustrated features. Important news ferent Old West, Pioneer, etc., photos, $1.00. and old metal Spanish weapons have events of the desert West's past, present and 10 different battle of Wounded Knee 50c. future. Reprints of rare and little known 5 different Lincoln 25c. Lists 5c. Vernon Lem- been recovered from the ruins, he said. Western material. Copy 15c, 12 issues $1.50. ley Store, 302 Dallas Ave., Mena, Arkansas. Re-establishment of a Spanish village Send 10c for sample copy of October issue with: Lost Blue Ledge of the Mojave, Tales COLOR SLIDES—Travel, Nature, Geology, etc. at the site about 1754 to 1757—re- of Old Calico, Caminq del Diablo—Arizona's Free list (with sample 30c, three for dollar). Trail of Death, eyewitness accounts of the Kelly D. Choda, Box 5, Los Alamos, New corded by some historians—has been great Rawhide fire, stories by Jerry Lauder- Mexico. verified, he reports. This was the last milk and —and more! CALICO THREE DIMENSIONAL Desert Dioramas, 6x8x2, PRINT, Box 47, Yermo, California. $3.00; 8x13x2, $5.00; 8x20x2, $7.00; "The Spe- Jesuit attempt to bring their civiliza- MANUAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD cial," 10x20x2 y2, $10.00. Diorama Studios, tion to the San Pedro Valley. They METHODS—a guide for students of prehis- Tucson, Ariz. were again routed by Apaches and tory. Gives aims and methods for excavation SILVERY DESERT HOLLY PLANTS. One dollar and recording of archaeological remains. each postpaid. Greasewood Greenhouses, RFD, moved to the then Mexican town of Edited by R. F. Heizer, Director of University Barstow, California. of California Archaeological Survey. Illus- Tucson.—San Pedro Valley News. trated, spiral bound, 1st edition—$1.25; re- vised edition $2.00. Cross-ruled. Field Note- REAL ESTATE • • • book—30c. Order from THE NATIONAL PRESS, Millbrae, Calif. (Californians add 25 MILES S.E. OF ALBUQUERQUE, 70 Miles Baptists Observe Anniversary . . . S.W. of Santa Fe, 5 Miles N.W. of picturesque sales tax.) town of Chilili, 1 mile West of Escabosa and COTTONWOOD — Commemorat- MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS for all publica- Highway. Store, mail route, 3A mile east of tions at publisher's prices. Courteous, prompt Isleta Indian reserve and Cibola Forest. With ing the first Baptist sermon preached service. F. G. Voltmer, 10211 Seabury Lane, enchanting trails and varied scenery. Artists in Arizona territory 75 years ago, an Los Angeles 24, Calif. and writers paradise. 120 acres fenced and cross fenced with woven and 6-strand barb anniversary program was conducted wire. 4-room comfortable cabin, electricity, BACK ISSUES: of Desert Magazines by the year extra cold well water, windmill, stable, hen on October 1 under the old cotton- or single issues. Edna Malott, 5023 Meridian houses and other out-buildings, garden, cor- St., Los Angeles 42, Calif. rals; 50 acres farm land, timber. $6000, one- wood tree where Rev. James C. Bris- BOOKFINDERS—Scarce, out of print, unusual half down, balance 1-2 and three years at tow delivered his historical sermon in books quickly supplied. Send wants. Clifton, 5%. R. D. Hanks. Escabosa, New Mexico. Box 1377d, Beverly Hills, California. October, 1875.—Verde Independent. DESERT HOMES and INCOME: 1—Model des- • • • EARTHWORM BREEDING. Valuable bulletins ert home on quarter acre with million dollar on successful methods mailed free. Earthmas- view, $9,750. 2—Palm View Apts.; 4 units Wildlife in the Huachucas . . . ter Publications, Dept. 11, Sun Valley, Calif. furnished, two bungalows, lot 100x261, $25,000. 3—Acre homesite with 3 bedrooms, 2!/2 baths, BENSON—A large male wolf, one a dream home $39,500 furnished. Carl Hen- MISCELLANEOUS derson, Pioneer Realtor, Box 201, Palm Des- of the first reported in this region in PROSPECTORS AND ROCKHOUNDS WANTED. ert, California. many years, was trapped recently on To join the newly incorporated United Pros- pectors Organization. If you are experienced BEAUTIFUL 80-A RANCH—Flowing well—mod- the west slopes of the Huachuca Moun- or beginners the articles in our magazine are ern 3-bedroom home—swimming pool—other bound to help you enjoy your hobby and the bldgs. 8 mi. No. of Palm Springs. R. H. Mc- tains. The Huachucas are famed for outdoors. Send your name for our new bro- Donald, Broker, Cor. Palm and Dillon. Box their variety of wildlife.—San Pedro chure and literature. United Prospectors, Box 21, Desert Hot Springs, Calif., phone 143. 729 Lodi, California. Valley News. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES • • • FOR SALE: Gift, Curio and Pottery Shop. Near At Showlow, Arizona, 58 of the 72 DSL 7 JEWELS! town 20,000 population on main Hiway near 3 Year Service Guarantee best motels. Many calls each day for rocks, surviving descendants of the pioneer • Shock Resist gems and lapidary equipment and supplies. • Dust Proof A natural for a "Rock Hound" or health Morman missionaries, Jacob and Sadie • Radium Dial seeker wanting to get into this business. We Hamblin, gathered early in September . Sw'p Sec'd Hand w Post have too many other interests to get mixed • Chromed Case Paid up in "Rock Hounding." Write Box T, for a reunion at the home of Mr. and • Leather Band Plus 70c tax Desert Magazine. Refund if not satisfied. Mrs. Harvest Ellsworth. Special! Order Now! Sorry, FORCED SALE: Will sacrifice 6 gold-silver • • • no C.O.D.'s. patented lode claims for $300.00 each. Take Ladies Watch, as above, smaller Size $7.95 any or all. Assessed value $500.00 each. Lo- Bob Walker, from Carlsbad, New cated 30 miles south of Goldfield, Nevada, on plus 80c tax. Gold Mountain. 9 hours drive from Los An- Mexico, is the new ranger at Wupatki BLCO PRODUCTS CO., Dept. 105 geles. These are prospects and not developed 166 W. Washington Chicago 2, 111. mines. Burrell C. Dawson, 5745'/2 Fair Ave. National Monument, according to Supt. North Hollywood, California. Bill Bowen.—Coconino Sun.

32 DESERT MAGAZINE CALIFORNIA Harry Oliver's Loose Again . . . Headquarters for Repairs & Sales all Government Sells Resort Hotel . . . THOUSAND PALMS—Harry Oli- makes. Collimator PALM SPRINGS—Famed as a lux- ver, editor of Desert Rat Scrap Book, alignment. urious desert resort hotel prior to "the only five-page newspaper in the BINOCULAR world," has been trying for years to INSTRUMENT CO. World War II but converted during 536 8. Hill St. the war into a hospital, El Mirador persuade Southern California desert TUcker 1621 Hotel in Palm Springs is again in pri- dwellers that they should sever politi- Los Angeles 13, Cal. vate hands. It has been sold by the cal relations with Riverside, San Ber- government to three Los Angeles busi- nardino and counties and Calil. Ore. Wash. Ida. nessmen who expect to remodel it and form a new desert county of their own. Stymied in his efforts to secede from COUNTY MAPS again make of it a hotel. Sale price for Travelers, Homeseekers, Prospectors was announced as $525,000, another the old counties, Harry now proposes List and prices on request FREE half million will be spent in refurbish- to form a new desert state to be known as the State of Geronimo. His WORLD'S MINERALS ing the hostelry, it was claimed. The 2417 San Pablo Ave. Oakland 12. Calif. transaction is subject to final federal crusade includes a big map in which approval. the new state is shown as including The 170-room hotel was opened in Yuma and Mohave counties in Ari- Palm Springs in 1928. In April, 1942, zona, Clark and part of Nye county 'EVERYTHING FOR THE HIKER" it was sold to the army and renamed in Nevada, and parts of Inyo, Kern, Torney General Hospital, 1500 beds San Bernardino and San Diego coun- SLEEPING BAGS were installed. The hotel has been ties and all of Imperial county in Cali- AIR MATTRESSES vacant since the army deactivated it fornia. According to Harry's glowing in 1946 after its wartime service. — picture, a canal would be dug from the SMALL TENTS Desert Sun. Gulf of California to provide for a and many other items tidewater harbor on the Mexico-Cali- fornia border some miles east of Chapman to Make Decision . . . Yuma. VAN DEGRIFT'S HIKE HUT PALM SPRINGS — The fate of 717 West Seventh Street Palm Springs' proposed tramway up LOS ANGELES 14. CALIFORNIA the east slope of Mt. San Jacinto now Homesites in Indian Wells Valley ... rests with Secretary of Interior Oscar RIDGECREST—The U. S. Bureau L. Chapman, who now has on his of Land Management at San Fran- desk the report of a hearing conducted cisco has been asked to classify about A LUXURY CLIMATE by the U. S. Forest Service last April 5,000 acres of land in Indian Wells to determine whether or not a right- Valley as available for 5-acre jack- . . . at lowest cost — "RANCHITOS" in of-way would be granted across a rabbit homesteads under the Small desert foothills, el. 3,000 ft. overlooking beautiful valley and village. Ideal ALL Federal Primitive Area. Conservation Tracts Act. Between 300 and 400 YEAR — no fog, no smog, dry, clear In- groups have been active in opposition residents of this area have signified vigorating. Just for health and happiness, to the project. The tramway would their intention of filing applications or modest income with light work. BIG carry passengers from Chino Canyon, wide acre and 2 a. parcels, incl. WATER, for these homesites if it becomes avail- elec, gas, from $850, terms. (No advance.) elevation 2638 feet, to Long Valley, able. Inquiries regarding the sites elevation 8615 feet, below the summit should be directed to the U. S. Bureau WRITE for maps, snaps, prices, discounts. of San Jacinto peak. of Land Management, 630 Sansome C. CLARKE BATTELLE, Box DS, LUCERNE St., San Francisco.—Naval Ordnance VALLEY, San Bernardino Co., Calif. To Dedicate New Colorado Dam . . . Test Station Rocketeer. CALEXICO — President Miguel Aleman of Mexico was expected to arrive in Mexicali, capital of the ASK YOUR CONTRACTOR ABOUT "PRECISION BUILT" Northern District of Baja California, about the first of October to take part in a double dedication program (1) RED CINDER BLOCKS marking the completion of the $7,- 000,000 Morelos dam in the Colo- You'll have year rado below the boundary at Yuma, around comfort and (2) the completion of the 140- with mile paved highway from Mexicali to the Gulf of California at San Felipe. "Precision Built" —Tucson Citizen. RED CINDER OR Death Valley '49ers Active . . . PUMICE BLOCKS RIDGECREST—Death Valley '49- ers, Inc., organized last year to stage Homes of Distinction the centennial pageant which com- are built with memorated the first crossing of Death PLANS AVAILABLE Valley by pioneers in 1849, decided DESERT CINDER BLOCKS FOR at a recent meeting in Los Angeles to DESERT HOMES continue as an active organization and to hold this year an encampment in Death Valley. Members expressed en- Transit Mixed Concrete Co. thusiasm for continuing each year 3464 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena 8 with some commemorative event in RYAN 1-6329 01 Corona Phone 1340 Death Valley.—The Times-Herald.

NOVEMBER, 1950 33 Wilderness Beauty Preserved . . . problem by installing pumps, but val- 30 DAY FREE TRIAL LONE PINE — Members of the ley lands have always been served from Sierra Club — mountain climbers, the river by gravity flow, and its farm- hikers and conservationists—received ers are opposed to the pumping idea high praise from Inyo National For- because of the cost. The Indian Serv- est Supervisor Neal M. Rahm and ice is afraid that dams might cause Regional Forester P. A. Thompson water to back up and overflow reser- at conclusion of the club's 1950 High vation lands on the Arizona side. — Sierra trip. The trip lasted 36 days, Palo Verde Times. Each instrument ore- was divided into three 10-day periods • • • cision built to rigid specifications. Buy di- with brief rest periods in between. Big Project Nears Completion . . . rect at lowest un- heard of prices. Example: Model 7 x 35— The extent to which members of the LONE PINE—Steel towers are now $145.00 value. Sierra Club go to preserve the natural being erected along Highway 395 as Sond for • MONEY BACK GUARANTEE beauty of the wilderness was a pleas- part of the $42,000,000 Owens Gorge Fro« Catalog* Dealers inquiries invited ant surprise to the forest officials, they electric power project of the City of free Book HowTr> Select Binoculars' Los Angeles. Engineers found it ne- FjBUSHNELL IMPORTERS »OI>I. NO. DO. said. Club members ranged in age 43 E. Green Pnsndenn I, California from 8 to 70, no one on the trip of- cessary to drill five miles of tunnels to fered or expected special privileges. make the power installation. To gen- What impressed forestry personnel erate 112,500 kilowatts of electricity, was the club's clean camps and efforts water will drop 2,375 feet from Crow- to preserve the natural state of areas ley Lake to Bircham Canyon.—Naval used.—Pioneer Citizen. Ordnance Test Station Rocketeer. • • • • • • Monument to Be Reduced in Size . . . Los Angeles, California . . . TWENTYNINE PALMS — Presi- Mineral Deposits of California, Ge- dent Truman has signed and enacted ologic Occurrence, Economic Devel- into law the Phillips bill which will opment, and Utilization of the State's Mineral Resources is title of Bulletin take 289,500 acres of mineralized land : from the present 880,000-acre Joshua 156 which will soon be ready for d s- Tree National Monument. The mea- tribution by the State Division of sure will re-open to prospectors an Mines. It is said to be the most com- area which has been closed for several prehensive work on California eco- years. The Twentynine Palm Corpor- nomic mineral deposits ever attempted ation has donated to the Park Service by the Division. There has been an a site in the original 29 Palms oasis, unprecedented demand for informa- known as the Oasis of Maru, for fu- tion of this sort because of the present ture use as headquarters of the Monu- war emergency. ment.—Indio Date Palm. STATEMENT OP THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGE- Golf • Tennis and Badminton • • • MENT, AND CIRCULATION REQUIRED BY THE ACT OP CONGRESS OP AUGUST 24, • Swimming • Bicycling • Sun- New Colorado Dam Proposed . . . 1912, AS AMENDED BV THE ACTS OF bathing in Private Enclosures MARCH 3. 183S, AND JULY 2. 194(i (Title 39, • Picnics • Breakfast Rides and BLYTHE —Plans for the building United States Code, Section 2:13) Of The Desert Magazine published monthly at Steak Fries • Play School for of a cellular sheet steel dam with con- Palm Desert, California, for October 1, 1P50. Small Children »New Snack Bar crete spillway in the Colorado River 1. The names and addresses of the publisher, for Late Breakfasts or Informal editor, managing editor, and business managers Luncheons to insure a gravity flow of water for are: Publisher, Desert Press, Inc., Palm Desert, the Palo Verde Valley have been pre- California: Editor, Randall Henderson, Palm Desert, California; Managing Editor, Al Ha- 42nd Season under the same family pared by the Irrigation District direc- worth. Palm Desert, Califorrra; BusTness man- ager, Bess Stacy, Pa'm Desert, California. Ownership and Management tors. The dam would replace the pres- 2. The owner is: (If owned by a corporation, ent rock weir which under agreement its name and address must be stated and also Los Angeles Office: TRinity 3671 immediately thereunder the names and addres- with the Indian Service must be re- ses of stockholders owning or hold'ng 1 per- cent or more of total amount of stock. If n"t moved. The Arizona abutment of the owned by a corporation, the names and addres- weir is on the Colorado River Indian ses of the individual owners must be given. If owned by a partnership or other uirneorporated reservation. The Indian and Recla- firm, its name and address, as well as that of each individual member, must be given.) Lena Palm Springs, California mation Services have proposed that Clements, Al Haworth, Randall Henderson, Palo Verde Valley should solve its Cyria Henderson, Clifford Henderson, Carl Henderson, Martin Moran, Nina Paul Shumway and Bess Stacy, all of Palm Desert, Californ'a: Evonne L. Riddell and Vera L. Henderson of Los Angeles, California: Phil Henderson. Jr., Pasadena, California; Lucile Weight of Pasa- dena, California. 3. The known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or hold!ng 1 percent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: Bank of America, Indio, California. 4. Paragraphs 2 and 3 include, in cases where the stockholder or security holder ap- pears upon the books of the company as trus- SAN FRANCISCO tee or in any other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or corporation for whom such trustee is acting; also the statements in the two paragraphs show the affiant's full knowl- SINGLE...$2.50TO$3.50 edge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and secur- DOUBLE ... $4.00 TO $6.00 ity holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees, hold stock and se- curities in a capacity other than that of a TELEVISION IN GUEST ROOMS bona fide owner. RANDALL HENDERSON, Ed'tor Sworn to and subscribed before me this 15th day of September, 1950. H. R. WHITTLESEY (My commission expires July 3, 1954)

34 DESERT MAGAZINE NEVADA Rare Oil from Pinyons . . . FALLON—If plans of the Nevada Pinyon Products company, which is now being incorporated, are carried to successful completion, the state will have a new industry based on its pin- yons which grow on the semi-arid hills above the desert's floor. The firm proposes to produce the rare oil of cadinene and turpentine from raw gum obtained from pinyons. Cadinene, up to now imported from France, is used as a base for expensive perfumes, as a fixative for expensive soaps and is being perfected as a base for a superior fruit insect spray, cost of which has heretofore been prohibitive. The company hopes to build a dis- tillery in Fallon, wants to start pro- duction by next summer. Still to be completed are details of arrangements with the Forest Service, which is being asked to issue permits to individuals who would go into the pinyon forests to gather raw gum. It is hoped that the potential new industry will benefit as many Nevadans as possible, with a large number of small leases being granted to individuals rather than per- mitting large operators to tie up vast acreages.—Fallon Standard. • • • Crusade for New Nevada Highway RENO—Delegations from northern Nevada communities met here in Sep- tember to discuss plans for financing 99 the proposed new Winnemucca-to-the- 'beat hm every time-usiri Sea highway which would extend as far as the California-Nevada state line, Whether you're an MD on call, or not, a distance of 150 miles. The new road you'll get top performance with economy would provide a more direct route from your car when you use Mobilgas. from northern Nevada to the Pacific. This fact was conclusively demonstrated in the Estimated cost of the improvement is Mobilgas Grand Canyon Economy Run. $400,000.—Humboldt Star. In this rugged 751-mile test, 31 different makes and models of cars averaged a startling Historic Church to Be Preserved . . . 22.07 miles per gallon on Mobilgas. Drivers AUSTIN — Austin's historic Meth- demonstrated that either Mobilgas or Mobilgas odist church—older than the state of Special (premium)—both certified strictly Nevada itself and one of the oldest church buildings still standing in the stock by American Automobile Association— West—has been deeded by Methodist is the best grade of gasoline for your car: officials to Mrs. Belle Roberts, only active member of the church remain- Mobilgas—Most cars now in service, including ing in Austin. For a year Mrs. Rob- many 1950 models, give outstanding erts had conducted a fight to save from demolition the old building, abandoned performance and economy on Mobilgas. 20 years ago. If your car runs knock-free It is expected that the building will on Mobilgas, save the difference. be repaired and converted into a com- munity center. The church for more Mobilgas Special —Cars with extra than half a century played an impor- high compression engines perform tant part in the life of Austin. It was better on Mobilgas Special. If your dedicated as a church September 23, car knocks on the gasoline you are 1863. One of its features was a pipe now using, be money ahead ... organ brought around the Horn and switch to Mobilgas Special (premium). transported from San Francisco to Austin on freight wagons. — Reese River Reveille. ©1950, GENERAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION — converting nature's gift to better living.

NOVEMBER, 1950 35 Cloud-Pelting Is Successful . . . ELY — "Cloud milking" machines brought in by the United Stockmen's NEW EDITION NOW IN PRINT . . . organization to shoot silver iodide into the atmosphere for rain-making pur- poses are believed to have been re- sponsible for two rainstorms in the K 'De&ent area where they were operated. Stock- men are pleased with the results, but state that it will require 10 to 12 months of observation to determine 7i/it& how effective the machines really are. —Ely Record. • • • Everett Ruess dreamed of a wild carefree life in the far places Second half of Nevada's open sea- of the earth where, unfettered by the petty restrictions of civilization, son on wild ducks, geese and coots he could explore the unknown wilderness and paint and write as will be from December 8 through he roamed. December 29. First half of the hunt- ing season is to end November 3. He lived with the Indians, he explored ancient cliff dwellings, he Daily bag and possession limits both have been set at six ducks.—Eureka disappeared in the desert wilderness for weeks at a time, and each Sentinel. time he returned to the haunts of men he wrote of his experiences. • • • NEW MEXICO Indian Center Gets Backing . . . GALLUP—With Charles Williams named to head a fund-raising com- mittee, a group of Gallup citizens rep- resenting service and fraternal organi- zations have set out to obtain $14,000 for the purchase of property on which the government can construct a $185,- 000 building which will house a clinic, employment office, rest rooms and sleeping accommodations for Indians. STOP IN 1934 HE DISAPPEARED at this sign In November, 1934, he and his burros headed off into the red sandstone country of Southern Utah—and he has never been seen since then, and although there has been a widespread search for him, no clue has ever been unearthed to reveal his fate.

But in his diary, and the letters he wrote, he left a rich legacy for those who would find the peace and beauty in life.

All this material together with many of his block prints and and keep your car sketches are included in ON DESERT TRAILS WITH EVERETT RUESS.

THIS IS A LIMITED EDITION

Mailed postpaid in U.S.A. for $2.75 LAUGHING AT BIRTHDAYS! California buyers add 8c sales tax The way your car will perform in 1951 depends upon the care you give it now! Drive in today ... Published by and discover why Your Texaco Dealer is "the best friend your 'nwGftzine car ever had!" THE TEXAS COMPANY Palm Desert, California Texaco Dealers in All 48 States TEXACO PRODUCTS ARE ALSO DISTRIBUTED IN CANADA AND LATIN AMERICA

36 DESERT MAGAZINE Agreement had previously been Ten Taos Artists Honored . . . or more Ute Indian blood. Under the reached with the Indian Service that TAOS—Among 255 paintings se- constitution of the tribe, the Utes have Gallup would furnish the land if the lected from the Southwest for the a right to adopt new members or to government would build an Indian forthcoming exhibition in the Metro- discard present members. The purpose center. politan Museum cf New York, ten of the resolution, it was stated, is to The city council will be asked to al- paintings from Taos artists were limit membership in the tribe to Indians locate another $14,000, making a total chosen. The artists who qualified who are least capable of assimilation of $28,000 for purchase of desired were: Kenneth Adams, E. J. Bisttram, in the white man's world, and encour- property. Gallup is the main trading Ward Lockwood, Thomas Benrimo, age the departure of mixed-bloods center for tribesmen from the Navajo Dorothy Brett, Joseph Fleck, Beatrice who can make their own way outside reservation.—Gallup Independent. Mandleman, Louis Ribak, Earl Stroth the reservation.—Vernal Express. • • • and Kim Blood. Prizes amounting to • • • Three Years Without Food . . . $8,500 will be awarded at the show White Bass to Be Planted . . . ALAMAGORDO — When Tech. which opens December 8.—El Cre- DELTA —About 200 adult white Sergeant John Miller of the Holloman pusculo. bass were scheduled to be planted last Air Force Base called a plumber to • • • month in Yuba Dam reservoir and repair his water lines, the workman CARLSBAD—Another attendance record was established this past sum- 100,000 blue gill in Clear Lake Migra- had to tear away the siding to crawl tory Waterfowl Bird refuge as another under the house. There he found a mer at Carlsbad Caverns National Park. During August 85,131 visitors step in Utah's program to create sport desert tortoise tied with a string to the fishing locations. Main purpose in water pipe. According to neighbors, toured the caverns. In August of last year the total was 79,359. planting the blue gill is to provide food the house had been boarded up three fish for the black bass which already years ago—and the tortoise must have • • • The first eight months of 1950 es- inhabit the waters. The blue gill were survived its three-year imprisonment brought from New Mexico, the white with only such moisture as it could tablished an all-time low record for rainfall in the Gallup area of New bass from Iowa. Both plantings were obtain from a leaking water line. •— gifts to the State of Utah. — Millard Alamogordo News. Mexico. Total for the eight months was 3.97 inches, compared with a County Chronicle. Wildlife Restoration Project . . . previous low for the same period of TAOS — To restore and maintain 4.73 inches. Normal for the period HAVE YOU SEEN wildlife populations, 33,324 acres in is 8.5 inches. PALM SPRINGS? Cimarron Canyon have been pur- • • • chased by the New Mexico Department Donald Shillingburg, Indian trader Would You Like To? of Game and Fish. The Cimarron at Lukachukai on the Navajo reser- Will send you 24 Beautiful 3lA x Canyon area is considered also to vation died after a week's illness at bVz Color Views of Palm Springs, have an important recreational value. the hospital in Albuquerque. Shilling- the Desert and Vicinity. Acquisition of the land was made pos- burg came to the reservation in 1941 FREE— 1951 Desert Calendar — FREE sible by federal grants under the Pitt- and began working for Don Lorenzo man-Robertson act. — El Crepusculo. Hubbell in the latter's trading post at ALL FOR ONLY $1.00 CASH OR • • • Ganado. MONEY ORDER Diversion of San Juan Opposed ... • • • Postpaid in the U.S.A. FARMINGTON — The proposal EMIL A. KNORR UTAH 296 N. Palm Canyon Palm Springs made by Senator Clinton Anderson To Limit Tribal Membership . . . that water from the San Juan basin VERNAL — Unless a resolution be diverted across the continental di- adopted by the Tribal Business com- vide for use of the City of Albuquer- mittee of the Ute Indians is vetoed que brought sharp criticism from the by the Secretary of Interior, member- Farmington Times and other spokes- ship in the tribe in the future will be men in the San Juan area who have limited to Indians who have one-half long urged that the water of the San Juan be used for the long-delayed MAdison 6-7681 reclamation project in the area at PlaMAPn your hikeSs and trips with Topographic Maps. Many new ones. Blackburn's Rand Shiprock. McNally and Metsker's County Maps. Brans- • • • ford's Oil Field Maps. Drouth Brings Dilemma to Indians ... PHOTOSTATING OF LEGAL PAPERS GALLUP—Over 100,000 sheep on Southern California Blue Print Co. the Navajo Indian reservation will not 114% West 3rd St.. Los Angeles, California have enough feed to keep them alive MESA MOCCASINS -ideal through the coming winter as a result from the Indian Reservation Country—of soft washable sueded cowhide, with sturdy of prolonged drouth in northern Ari- "YEAR 'ROUND DESERT LIVING" leather soles and lifted inside heel cushions. HANDCRAFTED in Natural, Turquoise, zona, according to members of the Due to its elevation of 3300 feet, YUCCA Golden Corn, Brown, Em. Green, Red, Royai Indian tribal council who met here in VILLAGE and YUCCA ACRES have a most Blue, Indian White. September to find a solution to their ideal desert climate. The summers are FOR WOMEN, sizes 4 through 10 $4.95 never too hot. Yucca Village lots and FOR MEN, sizes to and including 12....$5.95 problem. It was estimated that it estates from $450.00. Belt (adj.) $2.95 - Pouch Bag (tax incl.) $5.95 would cost a million dollars to ship For chicken or turkey raising or a little FOR CHILDREN, with little cuffs, in Nat- horse ranch none better than YUCCA ural or Brown. Sizes 5-7-9 $2.95. Sizes 11-13-2 the sheep to points where feed is $3.95. available, and a million and a half to ACRES, only $350.00 per acre and up. Easy terms. Water, electricity, telephone, Order by mail today, Send cash, check or haul in feed for them. The Indians do graded and paved streets. m.o. and we pay postage. Or send $1.00 de- posit, balance COD plus p.o. charges. Satlf. not want to sell their breeding stock. A little business property still available. guar. Immed. delivery. Gift orders carefully After long discussion the tribal leaders Schools, Churches, Clubs, etc. handled. voted to appropriate $500,000 from FRED A. STOREY, Developer OLD PUEBLO TRADERS Box 4035 Dept. DD Tucson, Arizona their tribal fund for solution of the Yucca Valley, Calif. problem.—Gallup Independent.

NOVEMBER, 1950 37 Record Herd of Elk Reported . . . Brigham Young Family Gone . . . Now both houses of congress have PANGUITCH — Largest herd of SALT LAKE CITY—Last member approved the appropriation, actual al- elk to be seen in this area was re- of the immediate family of the great location is expected to follow. There ported by workmen engaged in re- Latter Day Saints church leader, Brig- are more than 1547 Ute tribesmen in seeding land in the Showalter Creek ham Young, has died. Mrs. Mabel Utah and 958 in Colorado.—Vernal area when they counted 110 animals Young Sanborn, 97, the 54th of 55 Express. at one time. When the caterpillar children born to the pioneer L.D.S. • • • operators started their motors for the leader, died September 21 in a Salt GREEN RIVER — A wood-steel day's work most of the animals dis- Lake hospital. Mrs. Sanborn was bridge built in 1895 at a cost of $2500 appeared, but several of them re- active until a short time before her has been the only means of crossing mained to watch the operations. Elk death.—Washington County News. the Green River on Wyoming highway were planted east of Panguitch in • • • 92—better known as the Green River- 1936, and have been ranging over the Utes Eager to Spend Money . . . Linwood road. Now construction of a plateaus and mountains in increasing VERNAL—When tribesmen of the modern bridge over the river is ap- numbers since then.—Garfield County White River band of Ute Indians parently assured following action of News. learned that the United States courts the Green River town council which • • • had awarded them part of a $31,500,- has given title to road right-of-way to the state. The bridge will connect 18 Speedy Trip Down Colorado . . . 000 judgment for six million acres of land in Colorado, taken from the Ute miles of black top pavement south of MONTICELLO—Spending an av- town with U. S. 30 and with city erage of 11 to 12 hours a day in their Indians between 1891 and 1938, there was a rush to agency headquarters to streets.—Vernal Express. seven-man navy rubber craft, Kent • • • and Alfred Frost recently completed collect the money. Informed tribal The Manti National Forest in cen- in four and one-half days the 150-mile leaders had to explain to them that no trip down the Colorado River from money would be available until con- tral Utah will be consolidated with Moab, Utah, to Hite. It took them gress makes the appropriation. When the LaSal Mountains as the Manti- only a day and a half to run the rapids available the money will be deposited LaSal National Forest in the future, below the junction of the Green and in the U. S. Treasury and bear four under an order signed by Secretary Colorado rivers, a stretch of white percent interest until congress deter- Chapman of the Interior Department. water that frequently requires three mines how it is to be apportioned to • • • days to navigate. In all the rapids the various groups in the Confederated A hundred signs marking the Old except one both young men stayed in Bands of Ute Indians. In the mean- Spanish Trail from Santa Fe to Los their boat. The brothers reported an time local merchants have been cau- Angeles went up along the historic abundance of deer all along the river, tioned not to permit the Indians to route on September 29 when coordin- and said beaver were plentiful too.— start running up big credit accounts ated ceremonies at far separated points San Juan Record. in anticipation of an early settlement. were sponsored by the Spanish Trail association.

GltSdtittUi,*. Qifjt . . . Most Authoritative Work on Desert Birds THE BIRDS OF CALIFORNIA By W. LEON DAWSON

A complete scientific and popular account of the 580 different Color plates include such desert birds as: Scott's Hooded and species of birds found in the State of California. 2121 pages. Bullock's orioles. Cooper's and Western Tanagers, Green-tailed Over 1400 illustrations including 110 full-page color plates of magnificent quality, by Major Allen Brooks. Printed on fine and Desert Towhees, Cactus and Gila woodpeckers. Valley and coated paper, each volume, size 12%xl01/2x21/4, is bound in two Desert quail. Roadrunner. White-tailed kite. Band-tailed pigeon. shades of top-grads library buckram, stamped in genuine gold. Verdin. Phainopepla, Lazuli Bunting, Arizona grosbeak, and 92 Completely indexed. Individually cased. others.

Originally priced at $200 a set, a few- remaining sets of the de-luxe edition, already a collector's item, are offered at $75.00 postpaid to any part of the U.S.A. Satisfaction guaranteed. To order, fill in coupon below.

THE DEVIN-ADAIR CO., Dept. D. 23 East 26th St., New York 10, N. Y.

Please send me_ _sets of Dawson's The Birds of California. Check enclosed.

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38 DESERT MAGAZINE Reno, Nevada . . . Now prospectors are using airplanes. Discovery of rich and apparently ex- tensive copper deposits in a northern in Nevada property—location still a se- cret—was made with geophysical in- Red Mountain, California . . . Beatty, Nevada . . . struments from an airplane, it has been After 25 years, Pete Osdick has fin- The U. S. Department of Commerce disclosed by Lowell Tharp, former ally located an ore body he felt sure has compiled a volume called Confer- technician at California Institute of ought to be on the property he pur- ence on Revision of United States Technology. He heads a small group chased a quarter of a century ago. And Mining Laws, which contains the rec- of war veterans who provided capital, he is opening up a new silver mine less ord of joint hearings of the Bureau of plane, aerial camera, geophysical in- than half a mile from the once fabu- Land Management and the Subcom- struments, trucks and other equipment lous Kelly mine and only about a mittee of the House Committee on and are forming a corporation for ex- quarter of a mile from the Coyote Public Lands. The publication is a ploration and development of oil and mine which also produced high silver compilation of United States mining ore deposits. values in the days when the Rand dis- laws, and also lists changes proposed The copper ore bodies were located trict was booming. by the Bureau of Land Management two to six feet beneath the surface. More than 20 years ago Osdick dug in addition to recommendations of the One of three ledges, a flat vein, was several hundred feet of trenches to Hoover Commission, the American uncovered at a depth of two feet by a bedrock but never found any showing Mining Congress and other mining bulldozer and is said to sample 12 of ore. But just recently he had a associations. percent to 33 percent copper and one hunch that he should try again in a One section of the volume is of par- to 100 ounces silver a ton. An area certain spot. He hit rock at about one ticular interest to prospectors. It con- about 400 feet long has been opened foot. Subsequent blasting down to 12 tains the Interior Department's Man- on the flat vein, ore apparently ex- feet revealed high silver values with ual of Mining Laws, Lode and Placer tends a considerable distance. Owner considerable gold. Now with new ma- Mining Regulations. This gives infor- of the property plans to press explora- chinery and equipment Pete is at last mation on what lands are subject to tion and development work before developing the ore body he believed location and purchase, who may make prospectors rush into the district. — he owned.—The Mineralogist. locations, what areas are subject to Los Angeles Times. special laws, what procedure to follow m • • to obtain patents. The publication may Miami, Arizona . . . be purchased from the U. S. Depart- Battle Mountain, Nevada . . . ment of Commerce, Field Service Of- Reactivation of the Buffalo Valley Arizona copper mines are speeding fice, 118 West Second Street, Reno, mines, 35 miles south of Battle Moun- up production as prospects of a cop- Nevada.—Beatty Bulletin. tain, has been reported by Robert per shortage face the nation. Ostrander, secretary of the company Miami Copper Company is doing working the property. The gold ores extensive development on the prop- Elko, Nevada . . . will be shipped to smelters. The mine erty of its subsidiary, Copper Cities has been idle since beginning of World Mining Co., located three mile* from Mining of high-grade lead-copper War II when the government's L-208 Miami. Development work indicates ore has been resumed from old work- order was issued. It is one of the few the presence of 30,000,000 tons of ings of the long-idle Bullion mines in mines in the district which qualified low-grade disseminated chalcocite ore the Railroad district 28 miles south- for and received an RFC development amenable to open pit mining. Plans west of Elko. Ore is being shipped loan.—Battle Mountain Scout. call for expenditure of $13,000,000 regularly to a Utah smelter. The prin- • • • for stripping and preparing the ore cipal mines were located in the late body and moving the Castle Dome 1860s and produced ore valued at Winnemucca, Nevada . . . concentrator to the property from its $3,000,000 between 1869 and 1893. An active program of development present location eight miles away. End Bullion was a roaring mining camp in in the Antelope mining district of of the ore body at Castle Dome is the 1870s and 1880s. The Bullion re- Pershing County is promised by Nor- expected to be reached by 1954. gion is expected to regain much of its man C. Stines and associates follow- Ray Division of Kennecott Copper old-time importance. — Los Angeles ing settlement of involved litigation Corporation has stepped up monthly Times. over the old Antelope mine, idle since production from 135,000 to 165,000 1945. Plans call for erection of a mill tons by changing from a five to a six- in conjunction with the mine. The day week. United Verde Branch of Aguila, Arizona . . . mine produces silver-lead-zinc ore. — Phelps Dodge Corporation is averag- Aguila is being considered by the Humboldt Star. ing 30,000 tons of copper-zinc ore U. S. Bureau of Mines as site for the • • • monthly.—Mining Record. bureau's new $600,000 manganese ore Sacramento, California . . . pilot plant. Aguila is 27 miles west of The Sacramento office of the State Wickenburg and about 50 miles from Washington, D. C. . . . Division of Mines has been moved Artillery peak, which would be source from its old location on J street to Industry leaders have been asked by of the ore used in the reduction ex- third floor of State Office Building 1, National Production Administrator periments to be conducted at the plant. on the state capitol grounds. A booth William H. Harrison to plan against a Boulder City, Nevada, is also being is maintained there at which publica- copper shortage which could put a considered as a site. Russia formerly tions and general information may be serious crimp in defense production. was this nation's primary source of obtained. Main technical staff of the It is estimated by the government that manganese, essential to the production Division of Mines and the D'vision's consumer requirements alone will out- of steel. A domestic supply of man- laboratory are maintained at the San strip 1950 copper supplies by 300,000 ganese is now critically needed. — Francisco office. — Mineral Informa- tons.—Tucson Citizen. Arizona Republic. tion Service.

NOVEMBER, 1950 39 of beauty and wonderment to most people he shows it to. He thereby enhances him- self in the eyes of his neighbor but most important in his own estimation of himself. And the very stone he cuts and polishes will AMATEUR GEM CUTTER retain its beauty down the long ages long after every painting in the world has moul- By LELANDE QUICK, Editor of The Lapidary Journal- dered into dust and all the other art forms of today are but a memory or written rec- ord. We have just completed an arduous but $500 in prizes and we were one of the a revealing task for a gem dealer. The judges. To the surprise of no one, the If this new lapidary continues with his Compton Rock Shop of Compton, Cali- winners were not all from Los Angeles and interest he is led into fields sometimes fornia performed a unique and unselfish they were not all members of mineral and strange and wonderful to him—mineralogy, service for rockhounds everywhere by ask- gem societies. It was somewhat a surprise geology, paleontology, gemology, history, ing them to tell why they collect rocks and however to find that while good manu- etc., until his whole life becomes a richer what did they do with them. To encourage scripts were submitted from 21 states, with and more satisfying experience than the one them to let loose with their ideas they gave slightly more than half of them coming he had before he played with rocks. As from California itself, there were but two one of the winning manuscripts says: As essays submitted by Los Angeles people. one grinds the rock "its unfolding beauty The entries were divided almost equally rebukes the savage thought and brings peace. ALTA INDUSTRIES The sense of immediate time is lost and Lapidary Equipment between men and women, the men out- Manufacture and Design numbering the women by only three papers. somehow your mind goes back, with a 16-18 inch power feed slabbing saw The winner was Mrs. J. E. Bodenham of quickened sense, beyond time to Eternity Belt sanders, including ball bearing and you are face to face with the Maker Drill press Riceville, Iowa, while second place went to Grinding arbor and trim saw a California couple in South Gate—Ray of things on that day when the foundations Send postal for free literature and Marjorie Wakeman. Third place went of the earth were laid." ALTA INDUSTRIES 915 B. Washington St., Pasadena 6, Calif. to Forest R. Rees of Tulsa, Oklahoma; Companionship with others in rock col- fourth place to Raymond Kord Enski of lecting was a reason stressed by many for Cicero, Illinois; fifth place to Paul Jordan- collecting rocks. This was particularly true Smith of Los Angeles and sixth place to in the West, where we have so many so- Ray C. Gruhlke of Olympia, Washington. cieties that offer the opportunity of the Almost every rockhound has had the ex- field trip with its campfires and community Heavy-Duly Swr- Standard perience of someone looking at him dis- coffee pots. Rock collecting with many Super-Cbgd. Charged Charged dainfully, as if he really belonged in a western people is just an excuse to picnic; $ 8.70 % 7.70 $ 6.75 padded cell, and asking "why do you col- a good excuse, but not important to the 12.75 9.90 8.95 lect rocks?" We have spent long hours development of an artist. This banal con- 15.75 12.95 11.95 searching this question until we have ac- sideration of food to the exclusion of a 21.80 18.95 15.75 cumulated many answers. The story is far 32.30 24.95 21.85 thoughtful development of the theme was 36.40 27.85 24.75 too long to tell here for we have developed present in many papers. It was too evi- 66.30 44.20 33.95 it into an evening-long lecture called the dent that many authors had no conception. 79.30 55.90 43.75 Second Stone Age which we have given to 127.25 106.95 State of the best reasons for collecting rocks or 192.20 159.95 Arbor audiences from coast to coast. Briefly, we in polishing them. And of course many sales tax in California. Size believe that the gathering of rocks is a people gave evidence that they had a real Allow for Postage and Insurance primordial instinct latent in all of us but zeal in their feeling for rocks but they just becoming more active in many of us be- couldn't express themselves adequately. Covington Ball Bearing Grinder cause modern transportation takes us to There are many who feel about rocks just and shields are the rocks that previous generations never as the first place winner, Mrs. Bodenham, mralshed in 4 saw or handled. Our very being, for so feels but no one quite expressed it as sizes and price many centuries, depended on what we did lyrically as the following few quoted sen- anges to suit with rocks in the first Stone Age (to secure tences: yonr require- food and defend ourselves from attack) ments. Water and that man instinctively still reaches for ""Rock collecting is a gem which I hold grit proof. strange rocks when he encounters them. It in my hand. As I turn it about reflections is true of a male child particularly that the are cast from its many facets but the fol- first possession he gathers to himself when lowing facets are the ones which most ap- on his first ventures alone out of doors is peal to me. I have stood before some of COVINGTON 8" TRIM SAW some kind of a stone. the beautiful scenes upon this earth, gripped and motor are com- by a consuming desire—If only I could pact and do not Of course most of the papers said in paint it or take a great picture of it or splash. Bare bladaa effect "I collect rocks to cut them" and find the double-distilled words to write the and clothing with again no one gave the best reason for cut- essence of what it makes me feel! Lacking this saw. ting and polishing them; another idea we these abilities I drop my eyes in humble- BUILD YOUR OWN LAP always present in our lecture. There is no ness. Ah, what is that? An agate. Now I and SAVE with a COV- hobby in America in which the participant have a talisman to bring this scene back to INGTON 11" or 16" Lap can so quickly advance himself into the the screen of memory a million times if Kit. We furnish eyery- higher esteem of his fellow man than need be. My rocks are the keys which thlug yon need. Send through the lapidary hobby and that is be- unlock many pleasant memories and scenes. for free catalog. cause the creation of a thing of beauty in . . . The fraternity of rockhounds is amaz- the finished gem, from a rock that is usu- ing. Wordly success and fame have no part ally drab, promotes the maker into an in the fellowship of true rockhounds as COVINGTON artist and it is the dream of everyone who they are from all walks of life. Knowl- Mnltl-Featnre walks the earth to be an artist of some edge gained and shared is doubly reward- 1«" Lap Unit Does kind. It is a dream that very few people ing. . . . The grinding and polishing of my erery thing ever realize during their whole life time stones gratifies that gnawing longing within for yon. and it is an unfulfillment of a full life me to create something of beauty ... by COVINGTON therefore to most of us. fulfilling this longing I escape the results of It" 14" frustration which produces tension that or 1«" It takes talent to be a great painter, al- Power Feed though some of the daubing that goes on makes me ill. As I take that piece of the Diamond today indicates none of it. It takes a voice earth into my hand I feel a partnership Saws to make a great singer despite some of the with the greatest artist of all time as I at- SAVK waiters now popular. It requires a great tempt to perform my little bit to enhance BLADES emotional understanding and ability to pro- the beauty of the stone. ... I have never ject it to make a great dramatic actor. It known an "old" rockhound for no matter takes so much of what the average indi- what their age in years the discussion of Send for Sew Catalog, IT'S FREE vidual does not possess to make him an rocks brings a youthful sparkle to their artist in the popular sense. But give hjm eyes and enthusiasm to their lips. I look COVINGTON LAPIDARY SUPPLY some rocks and equipment and a little in- forward to this lively interest for my own Redlands, California struction and in a matter of hours he is declining years instead of a doddering old able to produce something that is a th'ng age embittered by self pity." 40 DESERT MAGAZINE FOUR NEW THEORIES Last Ice Age, illus., 56 pp $1 Solves the perplexing riddle of glaciers. Greenhouse World, illus., 52 pp. $1 Explains why Arctic once had tropic palms. Saturn Has Rings, illus., 50 pp. $1 Minerals Convincing evidence on plane- Gems tary development. Life on Mars, illus., 50 pp $1 Reveals mystery of surface markings on Mars. Send postcard for free circular D-2. DONALD LEE CYR ORANGE COAST SOCIETY CONCRETIONS FOUND IN 1412 Palm Terrace, Pasadena 6, California GIVES REPORT ON YEAR PRESCOTT AREA SHOWN September ended an active fiscal year Concretions recently found in the Pres- for the Orange Coast Mineral and Lapidary cott, Arizona, area were displayed by Dr. society, which draws members from the C. A. Anderson, U. S. Geological Survey, California beach areas of Costa Mesa, New- at September meeting of the Yavapai Gem port Beach, Corona del Mar, Laguna Beach and Mineral society, Prescott. He described and the Newport-Balboa district. Field trips concretions as geological novelties found in during the year included visits to the Turtle sandstone and shale. They consist of a Mountains, to Chuckawalla Springs, Horse rounded mass of mineral matter formed in CONFIRM Canyon and other well-known collecting concentric layers about a nucleus. Geolo- localities. gists, he said, do not know exactly how Climaxing the year was the society's gem they are formed, and many of them look URANIUM show, held in connection with the Orange very much like fossils. County fair. More than 35,000 persons Dr. Anderson also gave an illustrated On The Spot visited the show. President during the past talk on a recent geological and oceano- year was Don Woods, Costa Mesa. graphical expedition in the Gulf of Cali- • • • fornia, in which he participated. He de- NEW OFFICERS INSTALLED scribed the desert islands in the Gulf. BY LAPIDARY SOCIETY OKLAHOMA BOASTS POTENTIAL Norman Cupp is new president of the PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM Los Angeles Lapidary society, was installed Although Oklahoma's production of gem for the 1950-51 year along with: Ham materials has been small up to the present, Hamilton, first vice president; Ben Beery, the state's potential production of titanium second vice president; Miss Marguerite Wil- is regarded as significant. Titanium is the r son, secretary; Mrs. Claire Schroeder, treas- metal that has become so important in WITH THE NEW MENLO urer. Retiring president is Vic Gunderson, alloys, pigments, the synthetic gem Rutile, who becomes corresponding secretary in and which gives promise of replacing alu- charge of publicity. minum as a light-weight metal of great Fluorescence tests to confirm Geiger- Annual picnic of the society was October strength. counter uranium indications—or petro- 14 and 15 at Bennett's Rancho in Apple leum and other mineralogical findings, In the Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma such as Scheelite, Wolframite, Zircon— Valley. The society meets regularly on the are large deposits of titaniferous magnetite now can be made in broad daylight first Monday of each month at the new and ilmenite, in the form of sands and ores with this remarkable new portable blacklight instrument. Weighs less than Van Ness playground, Second Avenue and which may be developed into an important 2 lbs.; powered by two flashlight bat- Slauson boulevard, Los Angeles. source of titanium, the Sooner Rockologist teries. Pluoretor (choice of long or • • • reports. short wave) in sturdy wooden box $49.50. Interchangeable head for alter- SAN DIEGO COUNTY nate wave-length $20.00. In stock for immediate shipment. RICH GEM STONE AREA FAMOUS TEXAS PLUMES Authorized Distributor Located in the extreme southwest corner Pick up your own for 25c a lb., or choose of United States, San Diego County boasts from my tables. Red plume and many that it is one of the best areas for mining other types of agate. 17 miles south of and collecting semi-precious gems. The Alpine. Road paved. Price list on request. CLAIMSTAKiR Orders filled promptly. Postage please. (Geiger Counter. Ideal companion to largest producing mine of gem tourmaline the Ruoretor in uranium prospecting.) is in San Diego County and Kunzite was Get acquainted offer—8 lb. mixture post- discovered there. paid, $5.00. Satisiaction Guaranteed. SP functional products co Non-professional rockhounds throughout WOODWARD RANCH P.O. BOX 7IA • PALO ALTO, CALIF. the year hike over mountainous sections of Box 453 Alpine, Texas the county seeking beryl, garnets, quartz, topaz and beautiful shades of tourmaline and kunzite. There are 500 members of organized gem societies in San Diego County. *%ene /tie 16e $#4 You've Seen £oc6iH? ?**/ WHOOSH Newly Developed Polishing Powder Petiiiied Wood, Moss Agate, Chrysocolla Turquoise, Jade and Jasper Jewelry This is the best polishing agent you have ever tried. Works to perfection on stones below Sapphire in hardness. With a cloth HAND MADE IN STERLING SILVER buff you can polish carved stones. $1.75 per lb. Bracelets, Rings, Necklaces, Earrings

... .• •• / and Brooches REDONDO BEACH MOONSTONE AGATES still available. By the lb $1.25 SPECIALLY SELECTED STONES WITH CHOICE COLORS AND PICTURES • LUDOX — The colloidal silica crack filler. Write for Folder With Prices Permanently fills checks and pits in agate. Send $1.25 for instructions and enough LUDOX to treat dozens of stones. • ELLIOTT'S GEM SHOP STAR QUARTZ — Synthetic faceted stones. Covington Lapidary Equipment 235 East Seaside Blvd. LONG BEACH 1. CALIF. Across from West End of Municipal S-T GEM SHOP Auditorium Grounds 7010 Foothill Blvd. Tujunga, Calif. M Hours 10 A. M. to 9 P. M. Daily Except Monday

NOVEMBER, 1950 41 AMONG THE ADVERTISING RATE GEM MflRT 8c a Word . . . Minimum $1.00 ROCK HUNTERS

ROCK HUNTING is still good in our yard. WHEN YOU WISH to see beautiful Agates in The opportunity of cutting and polish- Nice specimens as low as 23c lb. We added large chunks, gem slices or chips, come or ing a specimen of opal was given to each a new number, highly colored glass in chunks, write to the Arizona Agate Mines. We guar- all colors, reds, blue, yellow, many other antee our Agate to be more colorful and in person attending the September meeting of shades. Nice for gardens, cutting, etc., looks brighter colors than found on any beach, the Mineral and Gem Society of Castro like Obsidian in beautiful colors. We also stream bed or Agate field in the world. 6 Valley, California. Frank Wilcox, Oakland, have Chrysocolla, Malachite, Texas Plume large slices in mixed assortment, $5.00 post- and a nice assortment of Agate, Carnelian, paid. Sample slices, $1.00 each. 7 sawed was demonstrator and instructor. Each per- Mosses, Banded, etc. See our Golden or Honey ends, $5.00 postpaid. Large package of rough son processed a specimen, going through Onyx. Nice for spheres, book ends, etc., at Agate, $5.00 postpaid. Approval orders of these steps: 1—Coarse grind, to shape the 25c lb. Geo. C. Curtis, The Agate Man, 645 mixed slices now shipped for you to choose 1st St. Hermosa Beach, Calif. from. Arizona Agate Mines, Cave Creek, specimen; 2—medium grit; 3—fine grit; 4— Arizona. final polishing with piece of leather. At TRAVELS IN WONDERLAND CAPTURED! All October meeting of the society Ward Lewis the gorgeous colors and natural beauty in If YOU ARE A ROCKHOUND you need the the world's finest agates. You'll be thrilled; Lapidary Journal. Tells how to cut and polish talked on spheres. enchanted. Truly breathtaking! 2x2 Color rocks, gives news of all mineral-gem groups. slides of Mexico Iris; Priday Plume; Texas Tells how to make jewelry, carries ads of • • • Plume; Oregon Sagenite; Texas Sagenite; dealers in supplies, equipment, gems, minerals Ted Purkheiser is one man who can pro- Montana, Oregon and Texas scenics. Set of from all over the world. Well illustrated, six slides only $1.95, any assortment. Guar- beautifully printed. Subscription $2.00 a year duce an agate polish on jade. At September anteed to please. Visit. Tons of agate for —back numbers 50c. Sample Copy 25c if you meeting of the Hollywood. California, Lap- 10c lb. Dealerships open. Dave Harris, 2401 have never subscribed or been sampled. idary society he demonstrated a new method Pittsburgh, El Paso. Texas. LELANDE QUICK, Editor, P. O. Box 1228, Hollywood 28, California. of cutting and polishing jade, a method ATTENTION CRYSTAL HUNTERS. Do you which is good on many other materials. need help finding crystals in your locality? GEM TRAIL JOURNAL by Darold J. Henry. On October 28-29 the society staged its The new booklet -Let's Hunt for Herkimer Over 50 maps and photos, more than 90 Diamonds" is full of instructions and tips on localities listed, over 40 rock trips completely annual show. The society also had two finding them. Send for a copy today and described, and all trips are up to date. A new display cases at the Los Angeles County increase your finds. $1.00 postpaid. Claude book written by a rock collector. Authorita- B. Smith,'Box 291, Geneva, N. Y. tive and informative. A must for California fair, held at Pomona the last half of Sep- collectors and prospective visitors to the state. tember. NEW SHIPMENT of fine cutting material from $2.00 from the author at 1781 Fleming Street, • • • the best fields. Saganite, Carnelian, Ricolite, Pomona, California, or from your regular Dendrite, etc. Many at $1.00 per lb., some mineral dealer. Dealerships open to those Three basic principles in the carving of 35c lb. Sliced 15c sq. in. and up. Gerald advertising in national magazines. precious and semi-precious stones are art- Britt, 902 Torrance Blvd., Redondo Beach, Calif. BARGAIN ASSORTMENT No. 6: 1 slab Yermo istry, mechanics and materials. This is Palm root for fine cabs; 1 slab Nevada Moss what Bordon Kennedy, instructor of carving OUR NEW STORE for the Rockhound is NOW Jasper; 1 slab or chunk Eden Valley Petrified at the Howard Boblet Jewelry store, told a OPEN. Come on out and see us. Get direc- Wood; 1 slice Texas Moss Agate; 1 small Fern tions to reach the ranch at 1DLEWILD Gro- Agate nodule; 2 small faceting Garnets; 2 recent meeting of the Los Angeles Gem cery on Cave Creek Road in Cave Creek. Petrified Wood pieces for cabs; 1 slice Ark- Cutters Guild. Point carving Kennedy said, Tucson Thompson's, P. O. Box 166, Cave ansas Scenic Agate for fine cabs or polished slabs. All for $3.15. H. A. Ivers, West Coast is the most interesting but is confining. Creek, Arizona. Mineral Co., 1400 Hacienda Blvd., La Habra Jade is the preferred material because it THE TRAILER ROCK STORE is again open to Heights, La Habra, California. has color, compactness and purity. Soap- visitors to the area between Palm Springs stone and clay are best for beginners. and Palm Desert, Hiway 111. The Rockolo- RADIOACTIVE ORE COLLECTION. Six won- gist, (Chuckawalla Slim) Box 181, Cathedral derful specimens of Euxenite & Monazite, • • • City, California. Autunite, Uranophane, Carnotite, Samaraskite Members of the Sequoia Mineral society, and Lambertite in neat redwood chest, only BLACK ONYX blanks 25c each. Red Onyx $2.00 Postpaid! Supply limited—Order now! who come from the Fresno, California, blanks 35c each. Green Onyx blanks 35c URANIUM PROSPECTORS, Box 604, Stockton, area, are unusually busy preparing for their each. Prompt service given to mail order California. gem and mineral exhibit scheduled for No- jobs. All kinds of fine cutting. Juchem Bros., 315 W. 5th St., Los Angeles 13, Calif. MINERAL SPECIMENS, slabs or material by vember 18 and 19. This will be the first the pound for cutting and polishing, RX show to be staged by the society. Exhibits Units, Carborundum wheels Cerium Oxide. RUTILE, brilliant cut, at a new low price. Com- Mountings. Approval selection sent upon re- will be in the Home Economics building at plete stock of all gem stones. Complete pro- quest. You are welcome. A. L. Jarvis, Route the Fresno fairgrounds. fessional lapidary service. Ace Lapidary, Box 2, Box 125, Watsonville, California, on Salinas 67, Jamaica, New York. Highway. • • • Ralph T. Salsbury, hydraulic engineer FIFTY MINERAL SPECIMENS, %-in. or over, MINERAL SETS: 24 Colorful Minerals (iden- and dealer in minerals, was speaker at boxed, identified, described, mounted. Post- tified) in lxl compartments, $3.00 postpaid. paid $4.00. Old Prospector, Box 729 Lodi, PROSPECTOR'S SET — 50 minerals (identi- September meeting of the San Diego Min- California. fied) in lxl compartments in cloth reinforced, eral and Gem society. He is a past presi- sturdy cartons, $5.00 postpaid. ELLIOTT dent of the society. He talked on glacier GEM SHOP, 235 East Seaside Blvd. Long Beach 2, California. lakes and volcanos as found in Lassen Na- tional Park. ATTENTION ROCK COLLECTORS. It will pay • • • Opal - you to visit the Ken-Dor Rock Roost. We buy, sell, or exchange mineral specimens. Visitors No grinding or polishing operation should 10 Small Fire Pieces, average Vi"....$1.00 are always welcome. Ken-Dor Rock Roost, ever be hurried by pressure. It takes only 5 Larger pieces, average W 1.00 419 S. Franklin, Modesto, Californfa. a second to ruin hours of hard work. Clean- 5 Still larger, 1" or over 2.00 FOR SALE: Los Angeles Area Gem Shop. In liness is extremely important in polishing, 1 Vial Clear Fire Opal 1.50 business 4 years. Good stock and large mail any contamination in fine grit may mar or order list. Excellent opportunity for some scratch a polished surface. 1 Larger vial 3.00 Rock Hound to combine business with pleas- 1 Vial rough Cherry Opals 0.35 ure. Write Box S, Desert Magazine, for details. • • • Highly interesting because of its geology 1 Vial rough Honey Opals 0.35 FOR SALE: Copper and Crystal Specimen Col- 1 Vial rough Water Clear Opals 0.35 lection. Over 100 pounds $25.00. You can't and mineralogy, the Wisconsin Dells and 10 Pieces Cherry & Honey Opals in go wrong on this collection either for your- Devils Lake areas—about five hours drive Matrix 1.50 self or for resale. L. M. Jones, Box 307 from Chicago—was the locale for October Bisbee, Ariz. field trip of the Earth Science Club of AGATE AFTER BARITE Noduies. A new type Northern Illinois. $11.05 of nodule. Try 2 lbs. for $3.00. Cuts beautiful cabs and slabs. Ask for price list on the • • • Entire Selection — $10.00 postpaid many fine specimens now in stock. Jack The An exhibit of cabochons arranged by Rock Hound, P.O. Box 86, Carbondale, Colo. Naomi Long and Harold Newman was Although these are sold chiefly as cabinet TRIM SAW MATERIAL: Big Bend Agate, Jasp- feature of the September meeting of the specimens and have plenty of fire, many agate. Variety of design and color. Plume Northern California Mineral society, San of them will work up into nice cabochons. types, moss. etc. 35c lb., three lbs. $1.00. Francisco. The society's clubrooms are at Minimum order $1.00. Edith Owens, Marfa, Money Cheerfully Refunded if Not Texas. 1001 Oak street, San Francisco. Entirely Satisfactory • • • BOX OF 24 (% inch or more) specimens, la- beled with localities. 10 nice specimens, 12 The Compton, California, Gem and Min- Mexican Agate Slabs on Approval gem stone specimens. Either offer $1.25 post- eral club held its annual show September paid. Mrs. Chas. F. Harper, Box 95, Ramona, California. 30 and October 1. RALPH E. MUELLER & SON • • • MAKE OFFER: Approximately 150-lb. chunk Garnets, agates, jasper and dumortierite 307 Admiral Blvd. Kansas City 6, Mo. California Rhodonite. Light to medium pink. Good pattern. Outstate bids only. Jack Cluett, were gathered by the Yuma Gem and Min- 12035 Runnymede, North Hollywood, Calif. eral society on a trek to the Pilot Knob area.

42 DESERT MAGAZINE LUMINESCENCE DEFINED Don MacLachlan, editor, and Ralph September field trip of the Yuma, Ari- Dietz, business manager, of Mineral Notes zona, Gem and Mineral society was a Sun- IN EARTH SCIENCE NEWS and News, official journal of the California day trek to the Pilot Knob region where The general term luminescence, strictly Federation of Mineralogical Societies as enthusiastic rockhounds searched for speci- defined, refers to the production of visible well as the American Federation, put on mens of agates, garnets and other material, radiation by means other than heating to the September 13 program for the Long lack Reed is society president. It was incandescence, according to The Earth Sci- Beach, California, Mineralogical society. necessary to carry food and water on the ence News, bulletin of the Earth Science Both MacLachlan and Dietz are members field trip to the rocky, arid Pilot Knob Club of Northern Illinois. A prefix is often of the N.O.T.S. Rockhounds. They showed region. added to indicate the type of activation that a film on cutting, sanding and polishing is producing the luminescence — as photo- stones, a film that was produced by mem- luminescence, wherein visible radiation is bers of the N.O.T.S. Rockhounds at China California's Horse Canyon was site of a produced by the action of other radiation. Lake, California. The evening began with September field trip for members of the Photo-luminescence is further divided into a potluck dinner at 6:00 o'clock. San Diego Lapidary society, who took ad- fluorescence and phosphorescence. A fluor- • • o vantage of the long Labor Day weekend escent material emits light only while ex- for their outing. posed to the activating radiation. If the With the aim of organizing mineral deal- fluorescence persists for a measurable time ers into a group that will promote ethical after exposure to excitation, the material is business practices, permanent organization said to be phosphorescent. It is difficult to of the American Gem and Mineral Suppli- draw a sharp line between fluorescence and ers association has been announced. Thomas phosphorescence. S. Warren is president. The association is attempting to adhere to the code of ethics established by the Federal Trade Commis- sion and which sets up fair trade regula- SAN DIEGO GEM SOCIETY tions. When purchasers buy from an asso- STAGES SUCCESSFUL SHOW ciation member, it is hoped, they can be The 13th annual show and exhibit staged assured of a square deal. by the San Diego Mineral and Gem society • • • MINERALIGHT October 14 and 15 was a complete success, Excellent fire opal has been found in Co- Model SL Ultra-Violet Lamps according to those attending. The show was chiti County, New Mexico, and also in the • Vivid fluorescence • Much lower in Recital Hall in the Palisades building, vicinity of Santa Rita. A few small sap- Balboa Park, San Diego. Members of the prices • Weight 16 ounces • Stream- phires and small diamonds have been found lined • Short Wave • Long Wave society had displays of minerals, ores and in the gravels of Santa Fe County. many types of gem materials. A gold- • 110-Volt • Battery panning contest was a feature that attracted After two years of research, the a great deal of public interest. r finest Mineralights ever produced, • • • are now here—at unbelievably low O'BRIENS' . . . prices. One of the best and most comprehensive See these two great Ultra-Violet general mineral collections in the Pacific IN HOLLYWOOD Northwest is that of Ray C. Gruhlke, lamps at your dealer's . . . Olympia, Washington, attorney. The offer a fine selection of faceting and cabo- MODEL SL 2537—Short Wave Gruhlke collection contains more than 3500 chon rough at reasonable prices. We also MODEL SL 3600—Long Wave specimens which represent about 18 years do custom slabbing and cutting. Why not drop in on your next visit to Hollywood? A complete line of modernized, light of collecting. Gruhlke is one of the foun- weight, low-priced field accessories is ders of the Washington Agate and Mineral also available. Write for catalog SL 2. society, Olympia, and he helped organize O'BRIEN LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT CO. the Northwest Federation about 15 years ago. 1116 N. Wilcox Avc. Hollywood 38, Calif. ULTRA-VIOLET PRODUCTS. INC. Phone Gladstone 5424 SOUTH PASADENA, CALIF. September meeting of the Orange Belt Some Dealerships still available Mineralogical society was a potluck dinner at beautiful Sylvan Park, Redlands, Califor- nia. Vice President Hugh Thome presided. HILLQUIST GEM-MASTER HILLQU1ST SLABBING SAWS SAWS! GRINDS! 12" bench model, $65. A lively rock auction was a feature of the , SANDS! BUFFS! « 16" floor model, $97.50 afternoon. Everything in- 20" floor model, $140. cluded except Real rockhounds saws motor. Uses alt favored for their big Hiltquist acces- capacity and lifetime COLORFUL! UNUSUAL! sories. Ideal for construction. "Magic- Exciting colorful cutting pebbles from a beginners. Only HILLQUIST DIAMOND SAWS Brain" automatic feed beach near historic Plymouth Rock. Brecci- $42.50 complete. • Cut Faster—Last Longer—Cost for above $46.35. ated, mottled and variegated patterns in a mixture of reds, yellows, t Less. Available in all sizes. greens, browns and ma- J A A per lb. HILLQUIST DRUM SANDERS •You'll swear by 'em, not at 'em! HILLQUIST COMPLETE FACETER roons. They make striking I ,UV postpaid The most popular drum Only $62.50 complete with 3 cabochons. Money-back sander made. Patented index plates. You can cut any guarantee. 3 lbs. for $2.50 "quick-lock' screw makes faceted form quickly and it easy to change sanding LAP/DAP!/ EQU/PMEMT- GERALD F. KRUMM easily. The equal cloth. Two sizes (2"x7" of faceters Box 222 Astor Sta. Boston 23. Mass. 3"x7" $ttetfitoi*,B&J&EE costing twice the price. HILLQUIST TRIM SAW CATALOG The "Cadillac" of trim saws. Exclu- HILLQUIST GEM DRILL-HOLE SAW PACttD FULLOF HELPFUL UPIPARY Drills finest holes sive "up-and-down" REAL VALUES! at high \arbor. "No-splash" INFORMATION - SEND A»W TO- speed and saws Snowflake Obsidian, 75c lb.; Star Agates, plastic guards. discs up to 1 Vi". fluorescent $1.00 lb.; Petrified Wood, strong Precision rock { Exclusive ramrod in Carnotite, $1.00 lb.; Petrified Wood, fine clamp and guide. « LAPIDARY SE action prevents cutting material, $1.00 lb.; Blue Banded, Complete with 8" • core plugging. Grape, Barite, Pigeon Blood Agates, finest blade, $57.50 « l5W/9TH5T.SEATrLt7WAStt. cutting material, $1.00 lb.; Fine Dinosaur Fully automatic. $68.80 Bone, $1.00 to $4.00 lb.; many-colored Lime * Onyx for book ends, 50c lb.; Selenite Crys- HILLQUIST COMPACT LAP UNIT tals, clearest known, all sizes, 40c lb.; Sep- Bigger than the Gem-Master. Handles trian nodules, all sizes, 25c lb; Utah Picture HILLQUIST FACETING ATTACHMENT up to a 10" saw. Saws, grinds, Rock, 7c per in., rough 25c lb. Green Tec- A fine precision instrument. Only sands, polishes, laps, facets,^ tites, gems from falling Meteorites, 75c, $1.00 $29.00. For Hillquist cuts spheres — does every and $1.50 each. All slabbed stuff 30c to 60c Compact Lap Unit or per inch. Cash with order, you pay postage for any other thing and does it better. please. lap by using HILLQUIST LAPIDARY ARBOR Thouands in use. Adapter Socket Big! Rugged! Fast! Quiet! Takes Everything inc HUBERT'S ROCK SHOP at $2. No better 2"xl2" wheels. Valuable for pro- except motor Local Rocks and Minerals, Springdale, Utah faceter made. fessionals or anyone wanting fast, at $110 smooth grinding.arboronly$53.50

NOVEMBER, 1950 43 September field trip for the Dona Ana KARL J. FRISCH TELLS a sample to Dr. George Switzer of the County Rockhound club, New Mexico, was OF JADEITE DISCOVERY Smithsonian Institution. to the old Indian ruins on the Mimbres When it was established beyond doubt River. October meeting was at the Mesilla Hollister, California that the material was jadeite Phil came to Park school. Mrs. Theron Trumbo and Desert: my house in Hollister on Saturday, Febru- Mrs. William J. Purvis were hostesses, Roy Your September issue of Desert brings ary 11, to spend three days prospecting in Winsler and Joe Nolles arranged enter- us an article by William U. Inman of Palo the Clear Creek area and other places and tainment. Alto, California in regards to the late Phil to take pictures of the site of the find and L. Bolander's discovery of jadeite in San of my self as the discoverer of jadeite in Benito County, California, early this year. California and to make up a story for pub- In order to keep the record straight 1 lication. Early on Sunday morning the ALLEN will set forth the facts of the story of dis- 12th, Phil, Buck and I set out again for JUNIOR covery in the Clear Creek area. Clear Creek. But fate had decided other- On November 18, 1949, my late friend wise. We never reached the site, we never GEM took any pictures, we mired down in the CUTTER Phil L. Bolander, Buck Bleifus and I went to Hernandez Valley rock hunting. We tough adobe mud. It was our unfortunate followed the Clear Creek road and at the friend's last trip, the stress and strain to A Complete Lapidary Shop point where one branch turns off towards free the car cost him his life. Only $37.50 the abandoned Alpine quicksilver mine my This detailed account contains the facts two companions climbed up to the mine to of the discovery of jadeite in California on » Ideal for apartment house dwell- look for possible micromounts. I pros- November 18, 1949. The above story is ers. pected Clear Creek and searched for gray- corroborated and affirmed by Buck Bleifus green hard rocks which I had noticed there of 380 6th Street, Hollister, California. • Polish rocks into beautiful gems. or thereabouts on a previous trip. I lo- KARL J. FRISCH • Anyone can learn. cated three of them and knocked a sample off of one that was cracked at the water • Instructions included. line. When my friends returned I showed Installation of equipment is underway at them my find. The three of us took samples the Lapidary Hut which the Searles Lake « Write for Free Catalog » along and in order to get it classified Phil Gem and Mineral society, Trona, Califor- took his to the mining bureau and also sent nia, is fitting up for members. The hut has ALLEN LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT electricity and water plus coolers so that it can be used during the hot months next COMPANY 35 COLORFUL WESTERN MINERAL SPECIMENS summer. 3632 W. Slauson Ave., Los Angeles 43, Cal. Carefully boxed and identified, approxi- • • • mately 1" each. $3.75 postpaid. Slabbed Phone Axminister 2-6206 Palm Root, .50c sq. in. up; California Won- A short talk on methods of sandings was der Agate, .35c sq. in. up; Lavic Jasper, .25c enjoyed by members of the Pasadena Lapi- sq. in. up. All of excellent quality. Assorted dary society at their September meeting at Rough Cabs. Prices on other material on request. Las Casitas del Arroyo. The Faceteers met at 7:00 o'clock preceding the regular meet- Agate Jewelry H & B MINERALS ing. 2117 Main St. Santa Monica, California • • • Wholesale Much of the past history of the earth Rings — Pendants — Tie Chains may be learned by a study of the conglom- Brooches — Ear Rings ROCK and GEM HOBBY SHOP eritic rocks, points out The Mineralogist. Bracelets — Matched Sets Rock Cutting — Rings Mounted to Order These rocks are one of the best delineators Ask for price list No. 1. FELIX V. BRADDI, Owner of ancient shore lines, and hence often Stones Ground and Polished mark the limits of large continental land Uranium Ore Tested—Western Jewelry masses. When the fragmental material is Blank Mountings 1959 Harbor Boulevard large and coarse, it is certain that it was not Rings — Ear Wires — Tie Chains COSTA MESA, CALIFORNIA deposited far out from the mouth of the Cuff Links — Neck Chains ancient river which bore it to the sea. Bezel — devices — Shanks Solder — Findings Ask for price list No. 2 "OVERLOOKED FORTUNES!" In the Rarer Minerals ANSWERS TO QUIZ O. R. JUNKINS & SON There is other mineral wealth in "them Questions are on page 30 thar hills" besides gold and pretty rocks! 440 N.W. Beach St. There are "overlooked fortunes" in the many 1—Colorado River. Newport, Oregon newer and rare minerals, such as Colum- 2—Palm. bium, Tantalum, Vanadium, Molybdenum, 3—41 miles from Navajo bridge. Uranium, Nickel, Cobalt, Bismuth, Didymi- um, Selenium, Rhodium, Osmium, Rutheni- 4—Salome, Arizona. um, Platinum, etc., to mention just a few of 5—Mining. the 35 or more rarer elements and their 300 or more commercial ores which the aver- 6—Highway 60. age prospectors and mineral collectors are 7—Navajos. walking over in the hills today and mine 8—U. S. Reclamation Commissioner. owners, large and small, are throwing upon their waste-dumps unidentified! Many more 9—Flower. valuable than a gold mine: Cassiterite $600 10—Saguaro. a ton; Columbite or Samarskite $1,000 a ton; 11—Cahuilla Indians. Bismuth ores $2,000 a ton; Tantalite or Microlite up to $3,000 a ton, etc. Now you 12—White. can learn how to find, identify, and start 13—Scorpion. cashing in on them! Send for FREE copy 14—Lewis Manly. "Overlooked Fortunes" — it may lead to knowledge which may make you rich! 15—On one of three hills. 16—Utah. DUKE'S 17—Bisnaga. 18—Monument Valley. RUTILE (Titania) RESEARCH LABORATORY 19_ Ashfork. Pacific Gem Cutters is first to offer you this Box 666. Dept. B 20—Development of the Comstock most amazing gem cut in our own plant, at Lode. these Low Prices. HOT SPRINGS. NEW MEXICO Small stones can be had in pairs for earrings \i to 1 carat sizes at $10.00 carat 1 carat sizes and up at $ 7.50 carat Each stone guaranteed to be first quality. Brilliant cut stones from Linde Air Products boules, facet for facet to duplicate the bril- KPCT TjJFDT /C / ' sayallthe rock hounds liant diamond cut. These synthetic balls of *"" /TfCKC '9/ about the HltLQUIST fire have a double refractive index and DRUM SANDER and POLISHER. Patented locking method cinches exceed the diamond in brilliance. abrasive cloth or polisher in a jiffy. Cast Aluminum. Cork cushion. PACIFIC GEM CUTTERS Perfectly balanced. Works right into those hard-lo-finish corners. LAPIDARY AND STONE SUPPLY For arbor, drill press or lathe. 1/2", 5/8", or 3/4" arbor. Write Phone MA 8835—Judson Rives Building for FREE catalog. LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT CO., INC., 1545 W. 49th 424 South Broadway, Los Angeles 13, Calif. Street, Seattle 7, Washington.

44 DESERT MAGAZINE POMONA VALLEY CLUB PROPER LABELING IN The San Jose Lapidary society devoted its October meeting to a discussion of car- SPONSORS FAIR EXHIBIT THE FIELD IMPORTANT borundum wheels and abrasives. Mrs. The first gem and mineral exhibit ever Proper labeling of minerals in the field is Frank Gardiner, Milton W. Gillespie, Rus- to be held at the Los Angeles County fair, frequently one thing that is neglected, and sell Grube and Adele Grube were named Pomona, California, was sponsored and when the rockhound returns from a collect- to exhibit their best specimens at the No- managed by the Pomona Valley Mineral ing trip he sometimes puts off caring for vember meeting of the society. Norman club. The club has received many compli- the day's collection—until when he gets Elliott is new secretary of the group. ments on the number and excellence of the around to it details concerning the occur- • • • exhibits, entered by rockhounds and min- rence of some of the specimens are for- Banning Mineral Society is planning to eralogists from all over Southern California. gotten. present rare specimens to all members of November meeting of the Pomona Val- Writing in Rocks and Minerals, B. M. the organization who were active during the ley club will be an annual banquet Novem- Shaub, Northampton, Massachusetts, points first nine months of 1950. ber 4 at the Claremont Inn. out that when a record is made at the time of collecting information written down on • • • the spot is preserved. In the article he de- NEW OFFICERS NOW HEAD scribes various methods of labeling in the GOLD vs. STONES We will trade our selection of genuine and CHICAGO ROCK SOCIETY field. synthetic stones for gold or plated broken or • e • The Chicago Rocks and Minerals society discarded jewelry, broken watches, dental Although no one has yet reported find- gold, etc. Mail articles today. is now under the leadership of a new slate Dept. fi.t of officers who will serve for the 1950-51 ing any of the fine crystals of epidote in Holland Bldg. year. Officers are: Herbert Grand-Girard, Oklahoma, epidote in its more common St. Louis 1, Mo. president; John W. Pagnucco, vice presi- massive and granular forms is common on dent; Helen L. Cooke, recording secretary; some of the granite areas of the state, the Dorothy Gleiser, corresponding secretary; Sooner Rockologist reports. Epidote is usu- Louis Holtz, treasurer; George C. Ander- ally characterized by its color, described as WANT $10,000?., a pistachio green. Beautiful cabochons have son, curator-historian. Oriol Grand-Girard Earn th« govern- Super Sensitive P.R.I. is editor of the society's bulletin, The Pick been made of a rock called unakite. Una- ment bonus. Locate fcirCD rr.HWTED kite is composed of epidote, red feldspar Uranium with a GtlGER COUNT fcK and Dop Stick. Find gold, silver, and other valuable • • • and quartz and the color combination is ores with a P.R.I. Treasure Locator. World't f unique and pretty. finest instruments. FREE catalog. First mineral and lapidary show of the 'PRECISION RADIATION INSTRUMENTS. Inc. Dealer Inquiries Mother Lode Mineral society, Modesto, 5478D WHshlre Blvd. '"'iied California, was presented to the public Los Angeles 36, California October 28 and 29 in Modesto's Boy Scout clubhouse. A picnic atmosphere was cre- JEWELRY MOUNTINGS ated by outdoor tables where vistors could COMPLETE LINE-LOW WHOLESALE PRICES eat their lunches if they wished. The show GOLD-GOLD FILLED-SILVER-PLATE was for amateurs and, was not competitive. FOR AGATE-TURQUOISE-PLASTIC-ETC. o • • FREE: CATALOGUE Printing for • Jack Streeter, past president of both the W. 715 RIVERSIDE • SPOKANE, WASH. California and American Federations of ADDRESS REPLY TO DESK DB Mineralogical Societies spoke at September Desert Customers meeting of the Santa Monica Gemological society on purposes and history of the NEW CATALOGS AVAILABLE We specialize in the distinc- Federations, while Ted Purkheiser of Sher- If you want Choice Cutting Material, Fine & tive type oi printing desired Rare Minerals, Geiger Counters, Miner- man Oaks told how to construct equipment alights, Books, Trim Saws, ' Fluorescents, by those who have guest for wet sanding cabochons. Ores, Gems, Ring Mounts, or advice, write ranches, art shops and manu- to ... facturing industries in the MINERALS UNLIMITED Southwest . . . and also for PROSPECTORS — COLLECTORS 1784 University Aye., Berkeley 3, California businessmen in all lines who A NEWLY discovered flux enables you to positively identify URANIUM, COBALT, want good printing for a mod- CHROMIUM, TITANIUM, TUNGSTEN, VA- NADIUM in minerals by chemical fusion, in erate price. the field or laboratory in a matter of min- ALPHA utes. Ask us for samples and prices Chemicals & Instructions (30-40 tests), $6.50 COUNTER Chemicals and fusion apparatus, sp'ms $9.90 on Deluxe Field Kit in Metal Box $12.00 (Pat. Applied For) • Brochures Why pay professional fees or wait months • Catalogs for identification of the above elements when you can obtain identification "on the spot." • Letterheads THE U-W TESTING COMPANY • Envelopes • Statements P. O. Box 1104. Raleigh. N. C. • Invoices • Mail Order Forms e Announcements COMPTON ROCK SHOP • Invitations 30 Sq. In. Slabbed Material for $3.50 • Business Cards TRY IT • Manifold Forms Here is what one of our many satisfied RADIOACTIVE ORE DETECTOR customers has to say: This newly developed nuclear instrument is YOU GET THE BENEFIT OF a practical tool for the prospector, assayer "Your merchandise is far superior in both and physicist. It is an optical instrument OUR YEARS OF EXPERIENCE which gives a clear, distinct visual statis- quality and quantity to any other received. tical count of alpha particles (rays) from any Still others have been four and five times source. Complete with carrying case, quench- as expensive as your merchandise." er, radio-active samples and instructions on its use. Mail your order today—only $5.00 Desert fflagazine Press SATISFACTION GUARANTEED complete. In Calif, add 3% sales tax. Send 10c to cover cost of mailing for large— Or your money refunded. 17"x22"—characteristics chart of important uranium and thorium ores of the world, and COMPTON ROCK SHOP where they are now found. PRINTERS 1409 SO. LONG BEACH BLVD. COMPTON. CALIFORNIA For the Desert Southwest Nuclear Division D-31 Open Tuesday Night till Ten 11927 WEST PICO BOULEVARD Palm Desert, California Closed Sunday and Monday LOS ANGELES 6 4, C A L I F O R N I A

NOVEMBER, 1950 45 Quit tfetween Uou en

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By RANDALL HENDERSON THINK ONE of the prettiest motor drives in the seek to cover—travel, recreation, mining, exploring, his- Southwest is along Highway 111 through the date tory, mineralogy, botany, wildlife, Indian life, art and gardens between Indio and Palm Springs, California. poetry, books, lost treasure, personalities—any one of There is no other landscape in the United States just like these subjects could supply material for a complete maga- it. The date palm has both dignity and symmetry, and zine every month. We try to give our readers new infor- the growers generally keep their gardens clean and at- mation and suggest new approaches to all of these subjects. tractive. Our goal simply is to publish a magazine which will But there is one blemish to mar the beauty of these be true and genuine. You never see pictures of glamour palm-lined roadsides. I refer to the empty beer cans girls in bathing suits—"cheesecake" the reporters call it strewn in the gutters on both sides of the road, tossed —in Desert Magazine. The people who appear in these there by thoughtless motorists—or by persons who have pages generally are in their working clothes—they are the not yet learned that self-discipline is a measure of the people who mine ore, or pioneer new land, or explore personal freedom we enjoy. remote trails, or follow interesting hobbies, or pursue The beer cans are not confined to Highway 111. scientific study, or who have come to the desert with You'll see them along the highways all over the South- limited capital to re-establish themselves in the clear air west—the more travel, the more tin cans. and sunshine of a desert community. You and I do not like this. A roadside cluttered with In the writing and editing of the material which goes rubbish—and beer cans are always the most conspicuous into the pages of Desert we seek to emphasize a way of —does not make a pretty foreground for the pictures we living which is wholesome and satisfying — rather than see as we drive along the scenic highways. glamorous and merely soothing. Fortunately, we have the law on our side. I wrote to The world around us is going through a period of tre- the California Highway Patrol to inquire about the legality mendous change. It is all rather confusing—this titanic of tossing beer cans out along the highways. Commissioner struggle between the idealogies of the Communist world, Clifford E. Peterson cited two different sections of the and our own free Western world. This and the revolution- California penal code which make it unlawful to "deposit ary changes brought about in our own way of life by the or dump, or caused to be placed, deposited or dumped, mass production idea which Henry Ford pioneered not any garbage, swill, cans, bottles, papers, refuse, trash or many years ago, have made it highly important that we rubbish on any highway or road." Peterson added, "Your Americans retain both our sense of humor and our sense thoughts toward the alleviation of this type of nuisance of true values. should enjoy full support not only from the California Out here on the desert we live close to the good earth. Highway Patrol but from every conscientious motorist." It is true the earth is very hot sometimes and quite barren I presume that other states have similar statutes. in many places. But in such an environment one learns The only answer I know to this problem is a persistent that happiness is something we create within ourselves, crusade on the part of all of those who are annoyed by and that riches are not essential to the art of good living. this increasing menace to the beauty of the landscape. I And so, during the year ahead Desert will take you am sure the brewing companies could make a very im- and the other readers along new trails, not to the palaces portant contribution to this crusade if they were so of the rich, but to remote canyons where there is peace minded. I would suggest that it might be good business and beauty, to places where Nature's charm far excels any for them to do it. glamour that humans can create. And we will make you • • • acquainted with people—humble people who live happy This month Desert starts its 14th year of publication. useful lives without much concern as to whether or not Desert Magazine was started in November, 1937, as a they will acquire great wealth, or get their names in the glorious adventure in a new field of journalism. And as headlines. far as I am concerned it has remained a glorious adventure There are a thousand publications in the land to keep for 13 years. you posted as to the progress of the war and the problems Today we go to press with this issue. Tomorrow we of government. Desert's role, as it has been from the start screening and editing the material which is to go in beginning, will be much simpler than that. We will sug- the next issue—hoping we will be able to make it more gest where and when and how you can get away from the interesting and helpful to more people than any previous confusion of man-made society and find health and hap- number. That is our program—12 times a year. I doubt piness in the sun and sand and solitude of the great if there is an editorial staff on earth with a more fascinat- desert land. We would like to take you behind the grim ing field from which to draw material than we have here mask which the desert wears, and show you the beauty on the Great American Desert. Any one of the fields we which lies beyond. 46 DESERT MAGAZINE arid Southwest. And he tells it with feeling that sets his writing apart. BOOKS OF THE SOUTHWEST Published by The Southwest Mu- seum, Highland Park, Los Angeles, BLOODY VENDETTA ON This simple definition by Dr. Al- California. 137 pp., two maps, list of THE ARIZONA RANGE fred V. Kidder in his introduction to publications for students, profusely Over the rim of Mogollon moun- Prehistoric Southwesterners from Bas- illustrated. Paper cover, 50c. tains came a herd of sheep, and with ketmaker to Pueblo gives a clear pic- • • • them came the seeds of the bloodiest ture of the life work of Charles Avery Fables in Verse . . . Amsden. Amsden died in 1941 at the feud in Arizona history. For the cattle- Florence R. Treat, whose home is age of 42. His professional writings men of Pleasant Valley in northwestern a little citrus grove near Phoenix, were numerous and important. But Arizona, is the author of a book of Arizona in 1887 did not want sheep his biggest work was never finished. verse in which she introduces many on their range. That is why the title of Prehistoric of the things that live and grow on The Daggs brothers of Flagstaff Southwesterners limits the period cov- the desert with whimsical rhyme. Titl- knew there would be trouble when ered. It is written in such a way that ed Desert Fables, it is a modern day they sent their sheep into the Pleasant it interests both the layman and the interpretation, with a desert slant, of Valley range, and they hired the scientist. Starting with the generally some of the fables made famous by Tewksbury family as guards for the accepted assumption that man first Aesop. herds and herders. The Graham fam- came to America across Bering Strait, Pen sketches made by Bertha Mc- ily furnished the leadership for the Amsden tells the Story of Man as it cattlemen who vowed that their rich Ewen Knipe, illustrate the book. has been revealed to him and to others Published by Arizona Publishers, grazing lands would never be over- by evidences found over most of the run by "woolies." Prescott, Arizona. 58pp. $2.95. Thus the bloody vendetta of the 188O's became known as the Graham- Tewksbury feud, and over 20 lives were lost before it was ended. The story of this bitter community fight written by Earle R. Forrest and published in 1936 with the title Ari- zona's Dark and Bloody Ground, has long been out of print, and now the Caxton Printers have published a re- vised and enlarged edition. The author with painstaking re- search has brought together as ac- curate a narrative as it was possible to write 50 years after the range war was ended. One of his handicaps was the fact that there were few living sur- vivors. The most active gun fighters in the feud were killed or lynched during the fighting. Others died with- in a few years as a result of wounds. It was impossible to remain neutral in those bitter days. Those who re- fused to be drawn into the opposing camps had to leave. This is the story of the days when the six-shooter was more powerful than the law. The author has related the details as they have been told to him, and as revealed in the court records, without prejudice. Published by the Caxton Printers, Caldwell, Idaho. 382pp. Index. Foot notes. Halftone illustrations. $4.00. This book may be obtained from Desert Crafts Shop Palm Desert, California

From Basketmaker to Pueblo . . . The true ends of archeology are to recover and piece together such mute evidences as time has spared of the careers of peoples who have left no BRADLEY-REHRIG CO. written record; and to interpret those RIVERSIDE SAN BERNARDINO SANTA ANA evidences in such a way as to teach us how and why man has become what he is today.

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