APA Magazine, 2006, 39(5)
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The Magazine for the Polygraph Professional Stuart Senter, Editor September/October 2006 Volume 39,5 In this Issue In Memoriam Applicants for APA Membership APA Upgrades to Full Members Certificate of Advanced Specialized Training Financial Contributors Polygraph Examiner Training Schedule Seminar Registrations Upcoming Seminars What Can the APA Do for You? Research Review Focus on Michigan Association of Polygraph Examiners Letter to the Editor Polygraph in the News A Message from the President Board of Directors’ Reports Pictures from the 41st Annual Seminar Upgrading from Associate to Full Member APA Accredited Schools APA Magazine, 2006, 39(5) 39,5working.pmd 1 10/11/2006, 9:55 AM IssueContributors Contributors Board of Directors Jim Allen President Director Gordon Barland Donald J. Krapohl Steve Duncan Robbie Bennett PO Box 10411 Georgia State Patrol Ft. Jackson, SC 29207 Steve Duncan Special Investigations Division [email protected] 959 E. Confederate Ave, SE Nate Gordon Atlanta, Georgia 30316 Michael Gougler Vice President – [email protected] Don Krapohl Government Vickie Murphy Donnie W. Dutton Director P.O. Box 10411 TV O’Malley Donald A. Weinstein Ft. Jackson, SC 29207 30 Blackhawk Court Roy Ortiz [email protected] Blythewood, SC 29016-7755 Harry Reed Vice President – [email protected] Louis Rovner Director Chad Russell Private Roy Ortiz Dan Sosnowski Nate Gordon 1704 Locust Street Los Angeles Police Department Gordon Vaughan Philadelphia, PA 19103 150 N. Los Angeles, Rm 431 Lawrence “Larry” Wasser [email protected] Los Angeles, CA 90012-3302 [email protected] Don Weinstein Vice President – Law Enforcement Chairman of the Board Deadlines Terrence V. (TV) O’Malley Michael Gougler Behavior Testing and Forensics Texas Department of Public Safety 200 Dick Street, Suite A This issue closed on P.O. Box 4087 Fayetteville, NC 28301 Austin, Texas 78773 September 25, 2006. [email protected] [email protected] Deadline for November/ December is November 25, 2006. Secretary Ex Officio Members Vickie T. Murphy Submission of Articles Maryland Institute of Criminal National Office Manager Justice Robbie Bennett The APA Magazine is published by the 8424 Veterans Highway, Suite 3 P.O. Box 8037 American Polygraph Association. The Millersville, MD 21108-0458 Chattanooga, TN 37414-0037 mere publication of an article, news item, [email protected] [email protected] or notice in this Magazine does not constitute an endorsement by the Treasurer General Counsel American Polygraph Association. Chad Russell Advertising and Editorial address is: APA Gordon L. Vaughan, Esq. 252 Helmsdale Drive Vaughan & DeMuro Editor, P.O. Box 10342, Ft. Jackson, SC Henderson, NV 89104 111 S. Tejon St., Suite 410 29207. Subscription address is: APA, P.O. [email protected] Colorado Springs, CO 80903-2245 Box 8037, Chattanooga, TN 37414-0037. Subscription rate is US $80.00, mailed Director Editor-in-Chief periodical class. Outside US $100.00, mailed periodical class. Changes of Daniel E. Sosnowski Stuart M. Senter SOS Services address should be sent to: APA, P.O. Box P.O. Box 10342 1069 Jamerson Road 8037, Chattanooga, TN 37414-0037. The Ft. Jackson, SC 29207 Marietta, GA 30066 [email protected] Publisher is not responsible for issues not [email protected] received because of improper address information. Submission of polygraph- related newspaper articles should be sent On the Cover to: Stuart Senter, PO Box 10342, Ft. Portrait of Luigi Galvani. Galvani’s remarkable experiments helped to establish the basis for the biological study of neurophysiology and Jackson, SC 29207 or 2 neurology. [email protected]. 2 APA Magazine, 2006, 39(5) 39,5working.pmd 2 10/11/2006, 9:55 AM In Memoriam David T. Lykken David T. Lykken is dead. He died on September 15, 2006 of heart failure while asleep in his home in Minneapolis. He was a world class psychophysiologist who was keenly interested in the physiological detection of deception. He was 78. During the 1980s and 90s, David was a sharp, persistent, high profile critic of the comparison question test, who frequently opposed its admissibility in court. But he was an eloquent and thoughtful critic who made significant contributions to the advancement of the polygraph as a science. If there are few examiners who mourn his passing, I believe it is primarily because they are unaware of the extent of those contributions. In the 1960s, there was very little scientific research being conducted on the detection of deception. On his own initiative, David T. Lykken conducted two studies in which he invented a radically different, scientifically based polygraph test he termed the Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT), now referred to as the Concealed Information Test (CIT). At the time, I considered this was nothing new, that in his ignorance he was merely rediscovering the peak of tension (POT) test, and an inferior version of it at that. It wasn’t until I worked with John Podlesny on his doctoral dissertation that I realized the profound differences between the POT and the GKT. The GKT/CIT was the first test ever developed which allows the examiner to calculate the precise probability of a false positive error on each individual’s test. The importance of that cannot be overstated. It was the first (and still the only) polygraph test to be unequivocally endorsed and defended by the scientific community because of its use of scientific controls as comparison questions. David Lykken was also a leading theoretician regarding the polygraph. He formulated a new way of conceptualizing polygraph questions and formats, which he spelled out in his 1981 book, “A Tremor in the Blood,” with a second edition in 1998. He made significant contributions to the statistical analysis of polygraph research, including what I call the Lykken Mean Accuracy, a weighted statistic to describe the average accuracy of the polygraph when the size of the innocent and guilty groups is different. He popularized a statistical analysis of the accuracy of the polygraph when there is a low base rate for deception, such as in many screening situations. Although I consider his analysis incomplete and grossly misleading, and I also disagree with his view of the comparison question technique, I nonetheless respected the originality of his approach and admired his eloquence. He was a person with whom you could sit down and enjoy a collegial discussion at dinner over a glass of wine after testifying in opposition to each other in court all day. He didn’t take things personally. Although his criticism of the polygraph field was painful in the short run, I believe his development of the GKT/CIT and his contributions to polygraph theory will continue to advance our profession in the long run. (Submitted by Gordon H. Barland) Special Agent Bruce Stubbs Kenneth G. Frankenberry It is with regret that the membership be advised of the passing of Special Agent Bruce P. Stubbs, a former Kenneth Frankenberry passed away on September APA member and polygraph examiner for the Drug 8, 2006. Ken was a former Illinois Polygraph Society Enforcement Administration. SA Stubbs passed away member and Illinois State Police Polygraph on 12 September 2006, from complications arising Examiner. He received his initial polygraph training from lung cancer, at the age of 64. SA Stubbs with John E. Reid & Associates, beginning his graduated from the DoDPI in November 1995 and polygraph career in September 1970. He took a joined the APA in February of the following year. He position as polygraph examiner with the Illinois State maintained his membership until the date of his Police and after 32 years, and retired in December death. He was posted in Thailand as a regional 2002. Ken worked out of Illinois State Police offices polygraph examiner. SA Stubbs recently retired as a in Champaign, Elgin and finally retired from the DEA agent from the Special Investigations Unit in Rockford Forensic Science Laboratory. He was quite Bankok, Thailand after being posted in the Seattle, active in the early years of the Illinois Polygraph Washington Field Division. He is survived by his Society and also served on the Board of Polygraph wife Su-Yon and his daughter Dr. Alana Stubbs. SA Examiners for the Department of Professional Stubbs was to be cremated and returned to his favorite Regulation. Ken is survived by his wife, Marsha and place, Bankok, at a later date. In lieu of flowers, the three grown children. Ken is remembered as a person family has requested donations be made in his name with an extremely sharp mind and was direct and to the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, PO straightforward with all who knew him. We will not Box 19024-J5-200, Seattle, WA 98109. (Submitted by forget Ken and his service to our profession. Don Weinstein) (Submitted by Harry C. Reed) APA Magazine, 2006, 39(5) 3 39,5working.pmd 3 10/11/2006, 9:55 AM Applicants for APA Membership Beatriz Alvarez Bogota, Colombia Dan Anarcaya Callao, Lima Peru Anselmo R. Angulo Upland, California Hector R. Arenas Guatemala Whilden V. Baggett Moncks Corner, South Carolina ws ws ws ws ws Carlos D. Barba Lima, Peru Mohammad Shaharil Bin Bastron Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia LaVerne D. Davis Downey, California Bernardo Diaz Bogota, Colombia Maria del P. Duque Bogota, Colombia Theodore N. Engdahl Spokane, Washington Deborah K. Engels Cape Town, South Africa Zahyra P. Fajardo Bogota, Colombia Armando A. Freire Los Angeles, California Gonzalez C. Guillermo Bogota, Colombia Hjh DayAng Bte Haji-Omar Brueni, Darussalam Haji Mohammad Bin Haji-Talip Brueni, Darussalam Bryan A. Hamilton Elmer, New Jersey Brian J. Hammer Middletown, New York James C. Hannah Las Vegas, Nevada Jeffrey J. Heshka Saskatchewan, Canada Darby D. Hutchison Knoxville, Tennessee Sandra V. Jean-Charles Montreal, Canada James F. Kidd, Jr. Chesterfield, Virginia George R. King Harvey, Louisiana Marie F.