Vetro Borosilicato

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Vetro Borosilicato Vetro borosilicato Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Il vetro borosilicato (talvolta indicato anche col nome Vetro borosilicato commerciale di Pyrex) è un materiale robusto, noto per le sue qualità di resistenza agli sbalzi termici e per il suo basso Caratteristiche generali coefficiente di dilatazione. Viene prodotto mediante sostituzione Composizione vetro al degli ossidi alcalini da parte dell'ossido di boro nel reticolo vetroso boro della silice, ottenendosi così un vetro con un'espansione minore. Quando l'ossido di boro entra nel reticolo della silice, ne Aspetto trasparente indebolisce la struttura (a causa della presenza di atomi di boro Stato di aggregazione (in solido planari trivalenti) e ne abbassa considerevolmente il punto di c.s.) rammollimento. Cristallinità amorfo La sigla BK7 indica un vetro borosilicato con prevalenza di ossido Proprietà chimico-fisiche di potassio con inclusioni di arsenico. Densità (g/cm3, in c.s.) 2,23[1] Coefficiente di dilatazione 3,3×10-6[1] Indice termica lineare (K-1) Conduttività termica 1,4[1] 1 Storia (W/m·K) 2 Composizione 3 Caratteristiche fisiche 4 Usi 5 Costruttori 6 Note 7 Bibliografia 8 Voci correlate 9 Altri progetti 10 Collegamenti esterni Storia Nasce per usi farmaceutici, per la realizzazione di apparecchiature per la chimica, ad opera del chimico tedesco Otto Schott fondatore della Schott AG nel 1893, che lo chiamò "Duran". Successivamente la statunitense Corning Incorporated, 22 anni dopo, commercializzò i propri prodotti in vetro borosilicato con il marchio Pyrex. Composizione Il vetro borosilicato è composto da: 70 % fino a 80 % Silice (SiO2) 7 % fino a 13 % Anidride borica (B2O3). 4 % fino a 8 % Metalli alcalini ossido (Ossido di sodio Na2O; Ossido di potassio K2O) 2 % fino a 7 % Ossido di alluminio (Al2O3) 0 % fino a 5 % Metalli alcalino terrosi ossidi (CaO, MgO, ...) Il nome del gruppo è dato dal componente principale. Caratteristiche fisiche Le caratteristiche meccaniche, ottiche e chimiche del Duran.[2] Caratteristica Simbolo Note Indice di rifrazione per luce Molto più basso del arancio (587 nm) vetro Flint Come un tipico vetro Numero di Abbe crown Circa 10% più leggero Densità del vetro comune Modulo di elasticità Logo del Duran Permittività elettrica relativa Coefficiente di dilatazione Circa il 40% del vetro termica comune Conducibilità termica Come il cemento Calore specifico Temperatura massima di lavoro Temperatura di transizione vetrosa Punto di rammollimento Usi Resiste agli agenti chimici ed è quindi adatto all'uso nei laboratori. Presenta inoltre ottime caratteristiche di trasparenza e robustezza, ed è per questo ampiamente usato nella costruzione di telescopi, lenti, strumenti medici e ottici, inclusa la componentistica di apparecchi d'illuminazione, presenta anche una elevata resistenza al fuoco, e viene usato nelle porte tagliafuoco. Grazie alle sue caratteristiche di lavorabilità, viene oggi largamente impiegato anche nell'oggettistica da regalo e in altre applicazioni (per esempio, recipienti per usi specifici in cucina quali quelli per preparare cioccolato fondente) che sfruttano tra l'altro la trasparenza del vetro per rendere più funzionale lo strumento. Particolarmente adatto all'uso alimentare, il vetro borosilicato può essere infatti adoperato (anche se nei libretti delle istruzioni di alcuni oggetti ciò viene Una beuta in vetro Pyrex sconsigliato) in freezer, nei forni tradizionali e in quelli a microonde. Nel reattore nucleare ad acqua pressurizzata viene impiegato un vetro col 12.5% in boro inguainato esternamente ed internamente in acciaio inox come veleno bruciabile, realizzato in fasci raggruppati in grappolo che viene ancorato all'estremità superiore del fascio del combustibile. Costruttori Il vetro borosilicato è commercializzato in forme diverse a marchi diversi: Borofloat della Schott AG. BK7 della Schott AG. Duran della Schott AG, precursore del Pyrex, Simax o Jenaer Glas. Fiolax della Schott AG. Ilmabor della Technische Glaswerke Ilmenau. Jenaer Glas della Zwiesel Kristallglas, già Schott AG. Pyrex della Arc International Cookware, già Corning Incorporated. Rasotherm della VEB Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Genossen. Simax della Pegasus Industrial Specialties[3] oder Kavalier Glaswerke[4], come Pyrex o Jenaer Glas. Willow Glass della Corning Incorporated. Note 1. ^ a b c Callister, p. 768 2. ^ DURAN-Eigenschaften.html (http://www.duran-group.com/de/ueber-duran/duran-eigenschaften.html), Datenblatt von Duran 3. ^ Simax Borosilicate Glass 3.3 (http://www.pegasus-glass.com/brands/simax.aspx) bei pegasus-glass.com. 4. ^ Simax glass mass: Technical Information (http://www.simax.com/en/section/32-simax-glass-mass.html) bei simax.com. Bibliografia (EN) William D. Callister, Material Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 5ª ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1999, ISBN 0-471-35243-8. Voci correlate Arcopal Altri progetti Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Vetro borosilicato Collegamenti esterni PyrexWare.com. Estratto da "https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vetro_borosilicato&oldid=84305297" Categoria: Vetro Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 15 nov 2016 alle 17:30. Il testo è disponibile secondo la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori. Vedi le Condizioni d'uso per i dettagli. Wikipedia® è un marchio registrato della Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. .
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