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The French Church in Perspective AJ R Info r mation Volume UI No. 11 November 1997 ±3 Cto non-members) Don't miss ... Profoundly painful Rejections on the belated emergence of wartime truths issue Anthony Grenvilie p7 Dutch courage - a new connotation The French Church in perspective Peter Romj/n pi 3 ruth is, according to an old adage, the first to capitulate to the external enemy (Hitler Germany) Goldhagen casualty of war. Alas, the advent of peace in - and to initiate a grim reckoning with the 'enemy T 1945 only saw a very patchy revival of truth: within', i.e. Republicans, Socialists and Jews. While corroborated? large parts of Europe's wartime hi.story remained Vichy officials despatched 78,000 Jews to Au.schwitz, he first shrouded in obfuscation, not to say downright lies. the entire Catholic episcopate - except the Bishop instalments This was notoriously exemplified by the desig­ of Toulouse - kept silent in the face of monstrous Tof the nation of Austria as Hitler's 'first victim'. Less evil. At the same time, though, a not insignificant superb BBC TV perverse - and influenced by mindboggling casualty number of Catholic priests and laymen gave succour series The Nazis- figures - was the general perception that Soviet to fugitive Jews. A Wanting from Russia had offered solid resistance to the Nazi Overarching these developments was the .struggle History featured onslaught. In fact, many Ukrainians had welcomed between de Gaulle and Petain for the soul of twenty German the Wehrmacht, and a million renegade Russians, France. De Gaulle's claim to speak for his over­ eye witnesses of led by General Vlassov, had fought alongside it. whelmingly resistant countrymen was a .self-serving whom two - a Even the Netherlands had equal numbers of myth accepted by the Allies for justified morale- former Communist resistants and collaborators: while .some Dutchmen boo.sting rea.sons in wartime. who tangled with hid Anne Frank, others denounced her to the In peace, however, truth mu.st be accorded the the SA, and an Gestapo. highest priority. After half a century's obfuscation ex-Wehrmacht The term resistants, of course, brings to mind exemplified by Mitterand's double-dealing, France is interpreter who France - the largest Nazi-occupied country and the at la.st 'coming clean'. President Chirac has given a sobbed on camera one whose wartime conduct has generated most laudable lead in this shamefully overdue process, - stood out. controversy. To understand 1940s France one needs and the recent Catholic ceremony of penitence' at The rest ranged to look at the way in which the thread of Catholi­ Drancy, the grim staging post of Jews en route to from still-ecstatic cism nms through her previous hi.story. Already in the gas chambers, is another - albeit purely sym­ Hitler idolaters the Middle Ages she' gloried in the epithet first bolic - step in the same direction D to complacent daughter of the Church' and was the only country beneficiaries of in Christendom who.se King - Louis IX - had had the regime. sainthood conferred on him. Only two out But French history rarely progressed in .straight of twenty probably lines. By l600 she was unique for the opposite reflects correctly reason that Protestants enjoyed the same right ol the proportion worship as Catholics. A century later Louis - lY'tal of Germans c'est moi - the Fourteenth had contrariwise expellcLJ who remained all Huguenots. In the next two reigns Catholic- non-Nazi. Does the Protestant strife was replaced by that between the existence of this ten Church and sceptics like Voltaire. Then came the percent challenge Revolution which suppre.s.sed the Church altogether or confirm the - but not for long. picture of the Nineteenth century France was increasingly split whole nation as between Catholic monarchists and .secular Republi­ 'Hitler's willing cans, until the outcome of the Dreyfus Trial finally executioners'? signalled the defeat of the officer corps and the It seems an Church. unanswerable All threads of French history came together in Hcclcsia and Synci^u^a drill.' hliiulftiUI ami hmkcn kince) al question D 1940. "What Marshal Petain did was simultaneou.sly Strasbourg Cathedral. AJR INFORMATION NOVEMBER /997 to succeed as departmental head in 1979. Profile In addition to ail the social work Sylvia ran a home help service. A combination of professional and vol­ Sylvia Matus unteer experience made her the ideal ylvia Matus has served the AJR for candidate to manage AJR's new Day Cen­ more than twenty years, the last tre (which opened in 1987) once again in Seleven as manager of the out­ co-operation with her friend Renee. standingly successful Paul Balint AJR Day Sylvia set out to increase membership Centre in London's West Hampstead. and meet members' needs. "We don't Sylvia was born in London shortly be­ push paper in this place. We are here to fore the outbreak of World War II, make our members as happy and com­ sharing the family home in Greenford fortable as we can. I am delighted to say with her younger sister, grandfather and that they treat the centre like their own aunt, not to mention three uncles who home and that we are part of their made it their home when on leave from family." the services. Greenford's small Jewish Sylvia claims that she always remains community often held Friday night serv­ calm despite continual pressures. Unsur­ ices there. prisingly she ranks teamwork, "where Sylvia went from school in Harrow to Sylvia Mains everyone enjoys working together", secretarial college, and at 18 began work­ above all. "The atmosphere for the mem­ ing for a trading company established by Returning to Kingsbury in London in bers is created by the staff and a German Jewish refugee. Two years on 1967, they became very active members volunteers," she explains, and continues, she was in television research, then with of the synagogue and its youth club. "It would be hard to describe how I the Granada group. At the age of 22 she Fellow Kingsbury resident Renee Lee spend the day here. Hours turn into days, married and returned with her husband suggested that Sylvia might work for the days into weeks and weeks into years! to his home in Sale, Cheshire, continuing AJR; Sylvia joined in July 1976 as assistant May I have the strength to continue to to work for Granada as a senior PA with to the head of social work, Marion help our members as long as humanly four secretaries! Then along came their Casson, who soon recognised her com­ possible." And we all say Amen to that. two daughters. petence and compassion, and trained her n Ronald Channing many other nationals, Romanians, Byelo­ Re-interpreting russians, Ukrainians, Slovaks and others. the Holocaust He took particular objection to Gold­ hagen's conclusion that Germans were rofessor Yehuda Bauer of Yad especially imbued with antisemitism, Vashem and the Hebrew University, recalling that Hitler had failed to gain a Pdelivered a comprehensive critique of majority in the 1933 elections; paradoxi­ interpretations of the Holocaust to an cally, he was offered the Chancellorship attentive gathering at the Wiener Library'. because he was no longer considered a In his view, most authors had dealt threat to other political factions. with the subject from the perspective of In Prof. Bauer's view, "the basis of the the perpetrators, posing and answering Holocaust was ideological and the the question 'Why did it happen?' In impulse came from the centre". A main those scenarios the Jews were just contributory factor to genocide was the victims, largely to be ignored. It was, recruitment of the intelligentsia (aca­ however, essential to explain anti­ demics, lawyers, teachers, bureaucrats, semitism "and the excessive participation religious leaders, the army) who were Prof. Yehuda Bauer. Chainiian i,j !hc JJi.-,u>iiitil^ of Jews in German society". Unfortu­ used to transmit dehumanisation and ha­ Research Institute at Yad Vashem and Chair oJ nately, most analyses made from a Jewish tred to the population at large. This Holocaust Studies at the Hebrew University standpoint tended to be written in He­ model was common to all 20th century brew and Yiddish and consequently not genocide from the USSR to Rwanda, yet available to a wider readership. at clear variance to Goldhagen's analysis. BOUQUET Ranging over a number of authors. The Holocaust remained unique in I continue to enjoy AJR Information and Prof. Bauer supported valid, well- being total genocide, with no alternative marvel at the Editor's fount of researched arguments, but dismissed courses to salvation - such as recantation knowledge. It is the best of its kind, misguided and simplistic ones. He agreed or conversion - being on offer to its interesting, informative - so much so that with Daniel Goldhagen that after 1941 victims. "All questions about the Holo­ on strict family orders, we are keeping all the great majority of Germans actively caust are answerable," said Prof. Bauer, copies for posterity. supported genocide against the Jews, but "though we have yet to answer them". Asmuns P/c?ce Inge Silvertov/'^ pointed out that this also applied to D Ronald Channing London NWl I AJR INFORMATION NOVEMBER 1997 sort had created for him - but in a less Grooming a future King lurid manner. Even so, the Prince of he Royal Family's decision (in line Wales' undergraduate shenanigans had NEWTONS with the modernisation of the prompted Prince Albert's journey to Ox­ Leading Hampstead Solicitors Tmonarchy) not to determine the ford which led to the latter's illness and 22 Fitzjohns Avenue, next .stage of Prince William's education early death. This tragedy undoubtedly London NW3 5NB without consulting him, will make the played its part in souring the relationship A^ All English legal work young prince's chrysalis years at Eton less between Queen Victoria and Edward for undertaken and German, strenuous than his father's were at the rest of her long life.
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