Church and Patronage in 20TH Century Britain Walter Hussey and the Arts
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HISTORIES OF THE SACRED AND SECULAR Church and Patronage in 20TH Century Britain Walter Hussey and the Arts Peter Webster Histories of the Sacred and Secular, 1700-2000 Series Editor David Nash Department of History Oxford Brookes University Oxford, UK General Editor: Professor David Nash (Oxford Brookes University, UK) Series Description: This series refects the awakened and expanding profle of the history of religion within the academy in recent years. It intends publishing excit- ing new and high quality work on the history of religion and belief since 1700 and will encourage the production of interdisciplinary proposals and the use of innovative methodologies. The series will also welcome book proposals on the history of Atheism, Secularism, Humanism and unbelief/secularity and to encourage research agendas in this area along- side those in religious belief. The series will be happy to refect the work of new scholars entering the feld as well as the work of established schol- ars. The series welcomes proposals covering subjects in Britain, Europe, the United States and Oceania. Editorial Board: Professor Callum Brown (University of Glasgow, UK) Professor William Gibson (Oxford Brookes University, UK) Dr. Carole Cusack (University of Sydney, Australia) Professor Beverley Clack (Oxford Brookes University, UK) Dr. Bert Gasenbeek (Humanist University, Utrecht, Netherlands) Professor Paul Harvey (University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, USA) More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14868 Peter Webster Church and Patronage in 20th Century Britain Walter Hussey and the Arts Peter Webster Independent Scholar Chichester, West Sussex, UK Histories of the Sacred and Secular, 1700-2000 ISBN 978-1-137-36909-3 ISBN 978-1-137-36910-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-36910-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017944569 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identifed as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affliations. Cover image courtesy of West Sussex Record Offce (on behalf of the Dean of Chichester) Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book has been made possible by the generous assistance of a great many individuals and organisations, which it is a pleasure to acknowl- edge. The Walter Hussey Papers are here cited by courtesy of the Very Reverend the Dean of Chichester and with acknowledgements to the West Sussex Record Offce and the County Archivist. The permission of the WSRO and the County Archivist is also acknowledged in relation to the capitular records of the cathedral, and the episcopal records of the bishops of Chichester. In straitened times, the staff of the WSRO are a credit to their profession. The George Bell Papers are quoted by kind permission of the Librarian of Lambeth Palace. Thanks are also due to the staffs of the Church of England Record Centre, the Tate Gallery Archives and the archives of Pallant House Gallery for allowing access to their collections. My thanks are also due to those who generously gave of their time to be interviewed about Walter Hussey. They were: Hilary Bryan-Brown, David Burton Evans, James Simpson-Manser and Garth Turner. Images from the Walter Hussey Papers are reproduced by courtesy of the Very Reverend the Dean of Chichester and with acknowledge- ments to the West Sussex Record Offce and the County Archivist. The staff of Chichester Cathedral permitted me to reproduce several of their own images of the interior of the cathedral and the works of art therein, which may be viewed still today. The cathedral is open daily with free v vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS entry; further details may be found at www.chichestercathedral.org.uk. The vicar of the church of St Matthew, Northampton likewise allowed me to reproduce an image of Graham Sutherland’s Crucifxion, which permission I gratefully acknowledge. I also acknowledge, with thanks, the permission of David Stancliffe to quote from a letter of his to Hussey. My thanks are due to conference and seminar audiences at the Anglo- Catholic History Society, the Ecclesiastical History Society and the Institute of Historical Research, to which portions of the work have been presented. Andrew Chandler and Ian Jones read the draft; their com- ments and questions improved the work a great deal, and thanks are also due to the anonymous peer reviewer. Becky Sleven carried out invalu- able editorial work at an important time, and the book was proofread with customary thoroughness by Kathryn Price of Crosses and Dots. The responsibility for errors and omissions remains, of course, that of the author. Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the help of Molly Beck and Oliver Dyer at Palgrave Macmillan, and the series editor, David Nash. None of the work would have been possible without the support of my wife Sarah, who was there at the very beginning, and of Benjamin, Thomas and Daniel, to whom the book is dedicated. CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 2 The Formation of a Patron 17 3 The 1943 Jubilee festival at Northampton 49 4 Music, Art and Poetry: 1944–1955 85 5 The Religious Arts on a Rising Tide: People, Media, Networks 119 6 New Visual Art for Chichester 147 7 Chichester Music 187 8 Cathedral, City and Diocese 213 9 Legacy 227 Bibliography 237 Index 249 vii ABBREVIATIONS CEMA Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts CERC Church of England Record Centre CIO Church Information Offce DAC Diocesan Advisory Committee [for Faculties] Grove New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd edition, Grove Music Online) LPL Lambeth Palace Library ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online edition) OUP Oxford University Press PCC Parochial Church Council WSRO West Sussex Record Offce ix LIST OF IMAGES Image 1.1 Hussey at some point in the late 1940s or early 1950s 3 Image 2.1 Hussey shortly after his ordination 23 Image 3.1 St Matthew’s Northampton, viewed from Collingwood Road 50 Image 3.2 The interior of St Matthew’s looking towards the high altar 53 Image 3.3 Hussey, Benjamin Britten (far right) and some of Hussey’s neighbours and friends in Chichester, in the Deanery garden, probably late 1950s 70 Image 3.4 Madonna and Child by Henry Moore, as viewed from the seats in the nave 78 Image 3.5 The Madonna and Child by Henry Moore, probably 1944 82 Image 4.1 Hussey, Kirsten Flagstad and Harold Craxton outside St Matthew’s, probably 1947 99 Image 4.2 Crucifxion by Graham Sutherland, in the church of St Matthew, Northampton 115 Image 5.1 George Bell and Hussey welcoming guests to the Bishop’s Palace in Chichester, mid-1950s 138 Image 5.2 Chichester Cathedral from the north-east 143 Image 6.1 Hussey and Kathleen Sutherland on holiday in Austria, late 1950s 155 Image 6.2 The Mary Magdalene chapel, with Sutherland’s painting, candlesticks by Geoffrey Clarke and the altar by Robert Potter 158 Image 6.3 Noli me tangere by Graham Sutherland 160 Image 6.4 The pulpit by Geoffrey Clarke in the nave of Chichester Cathedral, 1960s. The right-hand bay of the restored Arundel screen is visible on the left 164 xi xii LIST OF IMAGES Image 6.5 The colours of the Piper tapestry as viewed from the nave through the Arundel screen 173 Image 6.6 The window by Marc Chagall in the north quire aisle 181 Image 7.1 Hussey in his study, as he approached retirement. A maquette for the Henry Moore Madonna and Child at Northampton is visible on the shelf behind him 210 Image 8.1 Chichester Cathedral viewed from the gates of the Deanery 216 CHAPTER 1 Introduction March 1977 saw a Service of Thanksgiving for the life and work of Benjamin Britten in Westminster Abbey in the presence of the Queen Mother. The music chosen refected the life of Baron Britten, and among the organ music played before the service was a piece which connects the foremost British composer of his generation with the subject of this book. The Prelude and Fugue on a Theme of Vittoria had been commis- sioned by Walter Hussey for the patronal festival of the parish church of St Matthew, Northampton in 1946, as had the anthem Rejoice in the Lamb for the same festival three years earlier.