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Oral Cavity. Gross Anatomy and Histology of the Tongue and Salivary Glands

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Oral Cavity. Gross Anatomy and Histology of the Tongue and Salivary Glands Oral cavity. Gross anatomy and histology of the tongue and salivary glands. Sándor Katz M.D.,Ph.D. Oral cavity Boundaries: • Anterior wall: lips • Superior wall: hard and soft palates • Inferior wall: mylohyoid muscle • Lateral wall: cheeks (buccinator muscles) Parts: • vestibule • oral cavity proper • isthmus of fauces Vestibule and oral cavity proper soft palate hard palate Isthmus of fauces palatine tonsil Isthmus of fauces Tongue 1: dorsum 4: apex 3: body 2: root Tongue Foramen cecum: Developmental remnant of the thyroglossal duct (for the descensus of the thyroid gland). Tongue Tongue epiglottic valleculae Tongue - muscles (visceral striated) Tongue - muscles Tongue - muscles Tongue - muscles styloglossus hyoglossus Tongue - muscles Tongue - muscles Tongue - muscles Tongue - muscles Tongue - motor innervation Tongue - sensory innervation General sensation: • Anterior two-thirds: lingual nerve • Posterior one-third: glossopharyngeal nerve Taste sensation: • Anterior two-thirds: chorda tympani (from facial nerve) • Posterior one-third: glossopharyngeal nerve Tongue - blood supply Lingual artery: • Deep lingual artery • Sublingual artery Lingual vein deep lingual vein retromandibular vein internal jugular vein Pirogov’s triangle (perfect place to ligate the lingual artery) Boundaries: • posterior edge of mylohyoid • posterior belly of digastric • hypoglossal nerve Content: lingual artery Histology of the tongue Covering epithelium: • stratified non- keratinized squamous epithelium Papillae: • filiform • fungiform • foliate • circumvallate Histology of the tongue Filiform papillae: • conical, elongated projections • covered by the highly keratinized stratified epithelium • do not reprsent taste buds • they have mechanical role Histology of the tongue Fungiform papillae: • mushroom- shaped projections • taste buds are presented in the stratified squamous epithelium on the dorsal surface of papillae Histology of the tongue Foliate papillae: • consist of parallel low ridges separated by deep mucosal clefts • taste buds are presented on the lateral sides • small serous glands empty into the the clefts Histology of the tongue Circumvallate papillae: • 8 to 12 papillae locate in front of the terminal sulcus • taste buds are presented on the lateral sides • each papilla surrounded by a moatlike invagination lined with stratified squamous epithelium • von Ebner’s glands empty their serous secretion into the base of the moatlike invaginations Histology of the tongue • glands • striated visceral muscle fibers • stratified non- keratinized squamous epithelium Taste buds Sensory cells: • the most numerous cells • they show microvilli • at their base they form a synapse with the processes of afferent sensory neurons • turnover time is about 10 days Supporting cells: • they represent microvilli and tight junctions • turnover time is about 10 days Basal cells: • small cells located in the basal portion, near to the basal lamina • they are the stem cells for the two other cell types Salivary glands Major salivary glands: • Parotid • Submandibular • Sublingual Minor salivary glands: They are 800-1000 glands located throughout the oral cavity within the submucosa. Submandibular gland • located in the submandibular trigone • the facial artery is embedded to its medial/internal side • the facial vein attaches to its external side • the lingual nerve is presented at its superior side • it is supplied by the lingual artery and innervated by the submandibular ganglion via lingual nerve Submandibular gland • the submandibular duct arises from its medial side and enters to the lateral lingual groove Submandibular gland • the submandibular ducts open onto the surface of the sublingual caruncles on either side of the lingual frenulum Submandibular gland - lateral lingual sulcus • V-shaped groove • medial wall: hyoglossus • lateral wall: mylohyoid • contents from superior to inferior: lingual nerve, submandibular duct, hypoglossal nerve Submandibular gland - histology • mixed gland • mostly serous acini • Gianuzzi’s demilunes Submandibular gland - histology intercalated duct striated duct Submandibular gland - histology interlobular duct Sublingual gland • located on the upper side of the mylohyoid anterior to the submandibular gland • their multiple small ducts empty into the submandibular duct as well as directly onto the floor of the mouth • it is supplied by the sublingual artery and innervated by the submandibular ganglion via lingual nerve Sublingual gland • located on the upper side of the mylohyoid anterior to the submandibular gland • their multiple small ducts empty into the submandibular gland as well as directly onto the floor of the mouth • it is supplied by the sublingual artery and innervated by the submandibular ganglion via lingual nerve Sublingual gland - histology • mixed gland • mostly mucous acini • Gianuzzi’s demilunes Parotid gland • it is located in the parotid nest • covered by the parotid fascia • parotid duct travels underneath the zygomatic arch and at the anterior edge of the masseter turns to medial and pierces the buccinator than enters to the vestibule of the oral cavity at the level of second molar tooth Parotid gland • supplied by the external carotid artery and drained by the external jugular vein • the facial and auriculotemporal nerves run through the gland • the auriculotemporal nerve provides secretomotor (parasymathetic) innervation for it Parotid gland - histology • completely serous gland Thank you for your attention. References: Drake: Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 2nd ed. Standring: Gray’s Anatomy, 39th ed. Radiopaedia.org Thieme Atlas of Anatomy, Head and Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed. studyblue.com BlueLink.com .
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