Appendix List of Presentations of Previous Japan-U.S

APPENDIX LIST OF PRESENTATIONS OF PREVIOUS JAPAN-U.S. SEMINARS ON ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOR RESEARCH

(1) FIRST JAPAN-U.S. SEMINAR (1980, TOKYO, JAPAN)

Reference: Hagino, G., and Ittelson, W. H. (Eds.). (1980). Interaction processes between human behavior and environment. Tokyo: Bunsei. Contents: Shotaro Tsumakura, Welcome Address Genichi Hagino, Opening Address: Trends in Studies of Environmental Psychology in Japan Session One: Human Behavior in Various PhYSical and Social Environments 1 William Michelson, Basic Dimensions for the Analysis of Behavioral Poten• tial in the Urban Environment 2. Susan Saegert, Residential Density and Psychological Development 3. Kitao Abe, Panic Potential as a Predictor of Human Behavior in Case of Disaster in Metropolitan Area 4. John Archea, Architectural Factors Affecting Behavior in Accidents, Crime, and Emergency Evacuation 5. Yoji Niitani, Urbanization and Pattern of Person Trip in Urban Areas in Japan 6. Kunio Tanaka, On Japanese Attitudes Towards Their Communities 7. Kaoru Noguchi, Perceptual Behavior in Traffic Environment Session Two: Designing Human Habitats 8. Sandra Howell, Habit and Habitability

435 436 Apendix

9. Robert Bechtel, Contributions of Ecological Psychology to Environmental Design Research 10. Mamoru Mochizuki, Japanese Art as Interactive Media-Where Dwelling Meets Nature? 11. Yoshio Nakamura, Landscape Perception and Man's Esthetic Intervention to Environment 12. Takashi Takahashi, Notes on the Concept of Space in the Japanese House 13. Koichi Tonuma, Human Scale in Metropolitan Area Session Three: Environmental Perception 14. Seymour Wapner, Transactions of Person-in-Environments: Some Issues, Problems and Methods from the Organismic-Developmental Viewpoint 15. Seymour Wapner and William Ittelson, Environmental Perception and Ac- tion 16. Ichiro Souma, Cognition and Behavior in the School Environment 17. Takiji Yamamoto, Microgenetic Development of Environmental Cognition 18. Masaaki Asai, Affective Components of Environmental Cognition Session Four: Synthesis, Three Trends of Discussion, and Future Perspectives Three Trends of Discussion William Ittelson, Closing Address-Environmental Psychology: Past Accomplish• ments and Future Prospects

(2) SECOND JAPAN-U.S. SEMINAR (1985, TUCSON, ARIZONA)

Reference: Ittelson, W H., Asai, M., and Ker, M. (Eds.). (1986). Crosscultural research in environment and behavior. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. Contents: William H. Ittelson, Preface Genichi Hagino, Message to the U.S.-Japan Seminar 1. John Archea, Behavior during Earthquakes: Coping with the Unexpected in Destabilizing Environments 2. Masaaki Asai, Driver's Perception of Road Settings-Semantic Evaluation, Its Relation to Physical Properties, and Recall of Surroundings 3. Robert B. Bechtel, Choice, Control, and Japanese and American Responses to the Environment 4. Clare Cooper Marcus, Design Guidelines: A Bridge between Research and Decision-Making 5. Kunio Funahashi, A Study of Pedestrian Path Choice 6. Kazuo Hara, A Transdisciplinary Model for the Concepts of "Environment" and Survey Studies of College Campus Atmosphere 7. Sandra C. Howell, The Psychoenvironmental Implications of Aging 8. William H. Ittelson, The Psychology of Technology 9. Masami Kobayashi and John Archea, Occupant Behavior during an Earth• quake and Its Implication for Architectural Planning Chapter 30 437

10. Yoichi Kubota, Some Observations on the Imaginal Structure and Evalu• ation of Places in Terms of Townscape 11. William Michelson, Basic Dimensions for the Analysis of Behavioral Poten• tial in the Urban Environment II: An Update on Methodological and Sub• stantive Results 12. Ryuzo Ohno, Notion of Duality in Visual System and Its Implication for Environmental Design 13. Amos Rapoport, Settlements and Energy: Historical Precedents 14. Ichiro Souma, The Evaluation of Environment 15. Daniel Stokols, Transformational Perspectives on Environment and Behav• ior: An Agenda for Future Research 16. Takashi Takahashi, Polygon of Living Territory 17. Seymour Wapner, Jack Demick, Wataru Inoue, Shinji Ishii, and Takiji Yamamoto, Relations between Experience and Action: Automobile Seat Belt Usage in Japan and the United States 18. Ervin H. Zube, Advances in Applied Environmental Perception Research

(3) THIRD JAPAN-U.S. SEMINAR (1990, KYOTO, JAPAN)

Reference: Yoshitake, Y, Bechtel, R. B., Takahashi, T., & Asai, M. (1990). Current issues in environment-behavior research. Tokyo: University of Tokyo. Contents: Takashi Takahashi, Preface Genichi Hagino, Opening Message Yasumi Yoshitake, Opening Address Work and Learning Environments 1. Masaaki Asai and Robert B. Bechtel, A Comparison of Some Japanese and U.S. Workers on the WES 2. Daniel Levi and Charles Slem, Comparison of Beliefs about the Effects of Technological Change between Japanese and U.S. Employees 3. Seymour Wapner, Fulvia Quilici-Matteucci, Takiji Yamamoto, and Takatoshi Ando, Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Concept of Necessity, Amenity and Luxury 4. Masao Inui, Relationship between Architectural Style and Office Interior Environment 5. Ichiro Souma and Takatoshi Ando, Environmental Cognition at Elementary Schools Behavior and Safety 6. Satoshi Kose, Safety Standards Research in Japan: Development of Safety Recommendations for Domestic Stairs 7. Kunio Funahashi, Addressing System: Spatial Structure and Wayfinding in Japanese Towns 8. John Archea, Two Earthquakes: Three Human Conditions Public Space and Landscape 9. Setha M. LoW; Cross-Cultural Place Attachment: A Preliminary Typology 438 Apendix

10. Toshihiko Sako, Cognitive Mapping Studies in Japan 11. Ervin H. Zube, A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Human-Landscape Relation• ships 12. Yoichi Kubota, Landscape Perception in Japan: A Note on the Transient Field of Landscape Experience Theory Building 13. Amos Rapoport, Levels of Meaning and Types of Environments Housing and Family 14. Irwin Altman, Barbara B. Brown, Carol M. Werner, and Brenda Staples, Placemaking in Social Relationships 15. Sandra C. Howell, Family Life: Habit and Habitability 16. William Michelson, Measuring Behavioral Quality in Experimental Housing 17. Tadashi Toyama, Identity and Milieu: A Study of Relocation Focusing on Reciprocal Changes in Elderly People and Their Environment 18. Takashi Takahashi and Kazuhiko Nishide, Behind a Mask: Personal Territorial• ity and Spatial Articulation 19. Masami Kobayashi, The Meaning of Kyoto Townscape 20. Robert B. Bechtel, Closing Remarks Name Index

Abe, K., 435 Asai, M., 2, 3,8, 10, 11, Benedict, ].0., 342, 352 Abler, 415 261, 271, 386, Ben-Porath, Y, 242, 244 Adachi, K., 5, 15, 23, 389 387-388, 389,436,437 Bentley; A., 428, 430, 434 Adachi, T., 359, 364 Asakawa, T., 55, 56 Bergen,].R., 164, 182 Adams, F.M., 101, 112 Asfour, K., 402, 417 Berger, L., 351 Agar, M., 317, 324 Ashton,]., 336, 343, 347 Berlin, B., 404, 417, 418 Ahrentzen, S., 151, 158, Berren, M., 241, 242 338,342,345,346, Bachelard, c., 242, 244 Betsky, A., 375 347,349 Baird, L.L., 274, 281 Bezold, C., 338, 343, 348 Akoi,]., 45f Baker, A.H., 86t, 98 Binder, A., 134, 148 Alexander, c., 128,347 Baldassare, M., 336, 337, Birdwhistell, R.L., 89, 96 Allen, T.]., 340, 347 347 Birren, F., 108, 112 Altabe, M.N., 85, 98 Barinaga, M., 402, 417 Blanton, R.E., 249, 250, Altman, D.G., 339, 353 Barker, R., 113, 128, 150, 256,257,404,418 Altman, I., 10, 89,96, 134, 158, 236, 239, 244, Bochner, S., 286t, 310 147,148,335,342, 261,273,274,281, Bond, M.H., 88, 96 343, 345, 346, 347, 344,347,367,381, Boneau, C.A., 348 361,364,367,372, 392,397,415 Bonnes, M., 411, 418 380, 381, 392, 397, Barkow,].H., ·i02, 415, 417 Bosselmann,P., 381,382 407,414,417,423, Barnard, K., 343, 347 Boudon,P.,256,257 424, 425, 428, 429, Baron, A., Jr., 286t, 311 Boulding, K.E., 413, 418 430,432,433,434,438 Baron, RA, 3.37, 347 Brenner, G., 210, 234 Altman, L.K., 403, 417 Barton, M.I., 86t, 96 Brink, S., 41 Amabile, T.M., 344, 347 Baum, A., 345, 347 Bronfenbrenner, U., 342, Amadeo, M., 15, 23 Baumeister, R.F., 85, 96 348,392,397 Amano, H., 52, 56 Beatty, R.A., 183, 198 Brown, B.B., 428, 434, Anda, T., 52, 56 Bechhoefer, w., 401, 417 438 Ando, H., 190t; 191t; 192f Bechtel, R.B., 8, 11, 59, 61, Bruner, J., 135, 148, 385, Ando, T., 437 75,79,80,149,158, 386,392,394,397 Angel, S., 124, 128, 347 235, 236, 237, 239, Brunswik, E., 380, 382 Appleton,]., 184, 198 240,244,271,281, Buchan, R., 409, 418 Appleyard, D., 60, 80, 342, 338, 341, 342, 347, Buhrmeister, D., 283, 347,401,417 348,378,379,390, 311 Araki, H., 23 393,436,437,438 Bunschaft, G., 365 Archea, J., 340, 347, 435, Becker, F.D., 3,40, 341, 342, Burdine, ].N., 336, 349 436,437 348 Burroughs,]., 409, 421 Arias, 0., 316 Bell,JA, 406, 417 Buss, D.M., 378, 382 Arnold, H.F., 184, 198 Belsky, J., 337" 348 Butcher,]., 241, 242, 244 Arreola, D.A., 404, 417 Bern, S.L., 92, 96 Byrne, R.w., 60, 80 439 440 Name Index

Campbell, AC., 90, 96 Coopersmith, S., 92, 93, 96 Elias, N., 366, 375 Campbell,}.C., 25,41 Connack, M., 286t, 311 Elliott, D., 151, 159 Canter, D., 113, 128, 342, Cosmides, L., 378, 382, Emler, N., 379, 382 348, 367, 375, 378, 383,417 Eshehnan,P.,339,348 379,382 Cousins, S., 88-89, 91, 96 Evans, G., 242, 244 Cargo, M.D., 339, 349 Craik, KH., 9,204,205, Evans, G.w., 338, 345, 348, Carlson, R}., 338, 348 208,335,343,345, 349,407,418 Carpenter, E.H., 200, 208 377, 378, 379, 380, Everett, P.B., 336, 349 Carr, S., 341, 348, 401, 418 381,382,383,396 Eysenck, H.J., 101, 112 Carrere, S., 242, 243, 244 Crider, C., 87t, 96 Cartier-Bresson, H., 113, Critchley, M., 86t, 87n, 96 Fabian, A.K, 345,351 114t; 121t; 128 Cronick, K, 334, 345, 351 Fahim, H., 428, 434 Casey, M.W., 60, 80 Culhane, P.]., 204-205, 208 Fallon, A.E., 86t, 97 Cash, T.F., 85, 86t, 96 Cullen, 417 Farbstein,}., 341, 353, 363, Caspi, A., 380, 382 Cullen, G., 113, 128 364 Casteneda, A, 311 Ffolliott, P.F., 199, 208 Cazes, G., 242, 244 Dake, KM., 378,382 Fielding, }.E., 339, 352 Chemers, M.M., 342, 345, Damon, w., 87t, 96 Fiksdahl-King, I., 124, 128, 346,347 Dandonoli,P.,94,96 347 Chen, H.P., 110, 112 Danko, S., 339, 342, 348 Finkelhor, D., 337n, 349 Cherulnik, P.D., 404, 418 Day, K, 346, 348 Fisher, B., 337, 339, 350 Chihara, T., 85, 97 de Ajuriaguerra,}., 87n, 96 Fisher, S., 85, 86t, 87n, 91, Childress, H., 401n DeFries, R.S., 336, 351 97,283,310,311 Chiswick, N.R, 89, 97 Demick,}" 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, Fiske, S.T., 344, 352 Chou, S.K, 110, 112 11,61,80,83,84,85, Fitzgibbons, M., 286t, 311 Choungourlan,A,101,112 87n,88,89,91,93,94, Fleming, I., 345, 347 Christensen, K, 338, 340, 96,97,98,343,386, Fletcher, }.F., 60, 80 348,428,434 389,437 Foote, KE., 404, 418 Chung Tzu, 362n Deslauriers, A, 87n, 97 Foust, T., 208 Church, AT., 283, 286t, DeVore, I., 378, 383 Francis, M., 341, 348 286-288,308,310 Dewey,}., 428, 430, 434 Francis, S., 339, 353 Churchman, A., 342, 345, Dewsbury, DA, 400, 418 Franck, K, 151, 158,338, 346,347 Dr. M., 142 342,349 Ciottone, R, 285, 311 Dolce, }'J., 85, 98 Frazier, w., 341, 353 Clark, S., 151, 159 Downs, R, 60, 80 Fried, M., 133, 143, 148 Clark-Oropeza, B.A, 286t, Druckman, D., 336, 352 Friedan, B., 50 311 Dufl; D., 91, 97 Friedman, S., 201, 208 Clearwater, YA, 347, 349 Duhl, L., 336, 339, 343, 348 Friedman, S.L., 342, 349 Clemens, 403 Duncan,}.S., 409, 418 Fujihara, T., 302, 311 Cleveland, S.E., 86t, 87n, 97 Dunlap, RE., 336, 348 Fujii,357 Clitheroe, c., 344, 348 Dunlop, C., 343, 348 Fujimoto,}., 8, 283, 310, Cohen, S., 338, 344, 345, Dykstra,}., 381, 382 386,389 348 Dziuba-Leathennan, J., Fukuy.una,F.,369,375 Comalli, P.E., 86t, 98 337n, 349 Funahashi, K, 9, 355, 388, Cone,J.D., 336, 348 436,437 Conner, R, 336,339,343, Ebreo, A, 409, 419 Funnan,W., 283,311 348 Edney, J.}., 90, 97 Cooper, c., 345, 348 Edwards, T.C., 336, 351 Galea,}., 90, 96 ?Cooper-Marcus, C., 348 Ekman, P., 286t, 311 Gans, H.J., 133, 134, 145, ?Cooper-Markus, C., 339 Elder, G., 342, 350 148 Name Index 441

Gardner, G.T., 336, 352 Hall, E.T., 89, 90, 97, 113, Howell, M., 252~ 253f, 254f Garceau, J., 411, 418 128, 163, 164, 182, Howell, S.c., 8, 247, 250, Gauvain, M., 428, 434 286t, 311, 367,375 257,389,415,419, Gee, M., 362, 364 Hall, R., 344, 35:~ 435,436,438 Geertz, C., 134, 148,317, Halprin, 417 Hubbard, P.}., 342, 349 324 Hamaguchi, E., 88, 97 Hull, WF., 283, 286t, 311 Gehl,J., 117, 128 Hanazato, T., 6,59,340, Hunt, M.E., 340, 350 Geller, E.S., 336, 349 345 Hurt, S., 15, 23 Gellert, E., 87t, 91, 97 Handy; S.L., 338, 349 Hwang, K, 336, 349 Hanson,}., 249, 251, 257 Gerbert (Pope Silvester), Hanson,P., 152, 159 Ibarra, I., 207, 208 378 Hanson, S., 152" 159 Imamichi, T., 8, 283, 310, Gibbons, A., 415, 418 Hara, K, 436 386,389 Gibson, J.J., 173, 182, 249, Harrington, M.J., 336, 351 Inoue,W, 6,83,88,97, 257 Harris, P.R., 347, 349 386,389,437 Ginat, }., 428, 434 Harrison, A.A., 347, 349 Inoue, Y, 8, 283, 310, 386, Giuliano, G., 336, 349 Hart, D., 87t, 96 389 Glass, D.C., 338, 349 Hartig, T., 338, 349 Inui, M., 3, 437 Gleitman, H., 60, 80 Harvey; A., 151, 159 Ishihara, 0.,52,56 Glen, W, 403,418 Harvey; D., 322, 324 Ishii, S., 6, 83, 88, 89, 97, Glick, }.A, 86t, 97 Hasegawa, M., 55, 56 98,386,389,437 Goffman, 415 Hata, T., 7,163 Ishikawa, S., 124, 128, 347 Goldberger, P., 410, 418 Havighurst, R.}." 52, 57 Ittelson, WH., 2-4, 10, 337, Goldsmith, D., 403, 407, Hayashi, c., 88, 97 349, 362, 364, 392, 418 Hayes, S.c., 336, 348 397,435,436 Goldstein, A.P., 337, 341, Hedge, A, 339, 348 lwawaki, S., 85, 97 345,349 Heider, F., 393, 397 Goodman, R.M., 336, 349 Heidmets, M., 345, 350 Jacobsen, M., 124, 128 Goodnow, J., 247, 257 Heinrich,B., 403, 409,418 Jacobson, M., 347 Goto, S.G., 89, 98 Helmes, E., 241, 244 Jaboda, M.A, 91, 97 Green, G.K, 85, 86t, 96 Helmreich, R., 240, 244 Jodelet, D., 334, 349, 350 Green, L.W, 339, 340, 349 Henderson, D.K, 406,418 Johnson,P.,401,418 Greenbaum, P.E., 90, 97 Henderson, }.v." 325, 330 Jordan-Edney; N.L., 90, 97 Greenbaum, S.D., 90, 97 Hicks,}., 2 Jourard, S., 87t, 91, 92, 98 Higgins, E.T., 97 Julesz, B., 164, 182 Greenberg, M.R., 340, 349 n, Hillier, W, 249, 251, 257 Grey; P., 343, 347 Himsworth, H., 412, 418 Kahn,P.,242,244 Grieneeks, }.K, 336, 348 Hirada, S., 198 Kaitilla, S., 405, 418 Griffiths, I., 379, 382 Hirata, S., 8, 261-262, 263, Kaminoff, R., 345, 351 Gump, P.v., 261, 271, 273, 271. 386. 387-388, 389 Kaminsky; 415 274,275,281,282, Hiroshima, K, ;~ Kantrowitz, M., 363, 364 344,347 Hiwatari, K, 18, 23 Kaplan, B., 284, 311, 312 Gunderson, E., 243, 244 Hoffman, A, 94:, 96 Kaplan, E., 86t, 92, 97 Holldobler, B., 403, 418 Kaplan, R., 338, 349, 361, Habermas, J., 396, 397 Holman, E.A., 3137, 349 364 Haga, H., 51, 52, 56, 57 Holzman, P.S., 15, 23 Kaplan, S., 338, 349 Haggard, L.M., 361, 364 Hood, B., 283, 310, 311 Katz, C., 336, 347 Hagino, G., 1, 3-4, 10, 334, Hornstein, G.A, 285, 311 Kaufrnan,M.T.,410, 418 344, 346, 349, 435, Horowitz, M., 91, 97 Kawakami, N., 52, 57 436,437 Horwich,P.,408,418 Kay; P., 404, 418 442 Name Index

Kellert, S.H., 403, 418 Lawton, M.P., 51, 52, 57, Maki, N., 7, 209, 213, 233, Kent, S., 248, 249, 257 340,341,342,346, 234 Ker, M., 10, 436 350,351 Malmberg, T., 407, 419 Kertesz, A., 113, 128 Leaf, A., 335, 336, 345, 350 Mang, M., 338, 349 Kessel, F., 247, 257 Leavitt,]., 337, 350 Mann, R, 198 Khattab, 0., 414, 418 Ledbetter, e., 240, 244 Mannett, 1., 411, 418 Kimura, I., 128£ Lee,W, 129 Marans, RW, 149, 158, King, A.e., 339, 353 Lefebvre, H., 319, 324, 372, 340,341,348,350, King, A.D., 402 375 381,382 Kitayama, S., 85, 88, 97 Lefkowitz,}.,324 Marcus, e., 436 Klein, A., 357, 364 Leon, G., 242, 244 Markus, H., 85, 88, 97 Klineberg, 0.,283, 286t, Lerner, RM., 85, 87t, 90, Maslow, A., 362 311 94,95,97 Masterman, M., 379, 382 Kling, R, 343, 348 Leveton, l.B., 60,80 Matsud, T., 55, 56 Levi, D., 437 Knopf; Re., 338, 349 Matsukai, T., 52, 57 Levy; D., 15, 23 Kobayashi, M., 7, 209, 213, Mazumdar, S., 341, 350 Lewin, 1(,380, 382 233, 234, 334, 344, Mead, M., 344, 350 Lewis, M., 89, 90, 94, 97 389,390,436,438 Meehan, E., 336, 349 liang, J., 52, 57 Kochen, M., 379, 382 Meltzer, H., 15, 23 lindsey, S., 409, 418 Kogo, e., 102, 112 Merleau-Ponty, M., 86t, 97 lister, F.e., 199, 208 Kohyama, T.,302,311 Merton, RI(, 337, 341, 350 lister, RH., 199,208 Koizumi, A., 52, 57 Meyer,}., 401, 417 litton, RB., Jr., 183, 198 Kondo, M., 7,163,173,182 livingston, M., 404, 418 Meyrowitz, J., 338, 342, 350 Korpela, I(M., 338, 349 lloyd, R, 60, 80 Michelson, W, 7, 149, 150, Kose, S., 5, 25, 27, 28, 35, Lofland, 1., 367, 375 151, 152, 153, 154, 41,42,248,257,340, Lollis, M., 90, 99 156, 158, 159,341, 437 Low, S.M., 9, 313, 324, 334, 342, 345, 346, 348, Koyano,P.W, 51, 52,54,56, 335,345,390,437 350, 353, 379, 435, 57 Lucca-Irizarry; N., 375 437,438 Koyanoet,52 Milanesi, 1., 344, 351 Luc~, T., 134, 148 Krampen, M., 375 Luscher, 1(, 342, 350 Milgram, S., 334, 338, 344, Kruse, 415 Lynch, 1(, 344, 350, 363, 350 Kruusvall,]., 345, 350 364,401,417 Miller, P.]., 247, 257 Kubota, Y, 7,183,198, Lyon, B.D., 378, 382 Min, B., 364 381,389,437,438 Min, M.S., 89, 90, 97 Kuhn, T.,379,382,408,418 MacCallum, T., 235, 236, Minami, H., 67, 88, 97, Kuller, R, 334, 344, 346, 237,239,338 133, 134, 135, 148, 349 McDonogh, G., 324 299, 303, 311, 389, Kumagai, S., 52, 56 McFarland, ].H., 83, 98 390-391 McKay, C.P., 347, 349 Minsky, 415 Lackney, J.A., 339, 342, 350 Mackworth, N., 15, 23 Miura, 1(, 7, 209, 233, 234 Lai, A.C., 112 Mcleroy, I(R., 336, 349 Miyagishi, Y, 163, 182 Landau, B., 60, 80 McMullin, E., 408, 419 Miyatani, M., 89, 98 Lang,J.T.,50 McNally, e., 242, 244 Mochizuki, M., 3, 334, 344, Lang,}.W, 401,418 McNally, R.}., 341, 350 349,436 Lao Tzu, 362n McNeil, 0., 285, 311 Moen, P., 342, 350 Larkin, P., 342, 348 Maddi, S.R., 380, 382 Moffitt, T.E., 380, 382 Lasswell, H.D., 344, 349 Maeda, D., 52, 55, 57 Mokhtarian, P.L., 338, 349 Law, e.S., 200, 208 Magnusson, D., 343, 350 Monzeglio, 404 Name Index 443

Moore, G.T., 339, 342, 345, Ohyama, Y, 198 Proshansky, H., 345, 351, 350,353,415,419 Okamura, K, 5~i, 56 392,397,406,419 Moos, R, 261, 262, 263, Okonogi, K, 232, 234 Proulx, G., 60, 80 271,339,345,346,350 Okuda, S.M., 336,351 Putnam, R, 369, 374, 375 Morimoto, K, 52, 57 Oliver, D., 242, 243, 244 Morse, E.S., 248,250,257 Orland, B., 409,419 Quilici-Matteucci, E, 437 Munce, S., 90, 96 Omish, D., 243, 244 Quirk, M., 339, 351 Murray, H.A., 380, 382 Ornstein, S., 339, 351 Muschamp, H., 365 Osada, H., 6, 51, 340 Rainville, C., 60, 80 Osaka, R, 15, 23 Ramirez, M., III, 285, 311 Nagai, H., 52, 56 Osgood, C.E., 101, 112 Rand, G., 59, 365 Nagashima, K, 52, 56 Oskamp, S., 336, 351 Ransberger, Y.M., 337, 347 Naglieri, ].A., 91, 97 Osmond, H., 134, 148 Raphael, B., 210, 234 Nahemow; L., 346, 350 Otto, 15 Rapoport, A., 10,89,97, Naito, K, 52, 56 Overton, D., 15, 23 251,256,257,342, Nakamura, K, 52, 57 Oxley, D., 361, 364 343,345,351,362, Nakamura, Y, 184, 198, 436 364,367-368,372, Nakaohji, M., 25, 28, 41, 42 Pacheco, A., 285, 311, 375 375, 378, 380, Nakatani, Y, 55, 57 Pader, E.]., 404, 419 386-387,399,400, Nakazato, K, 52, 57 Parkes, C.M., 134, 148, 232, 401, 402, 403, 404, Napier, M., 416, 419 234 405,406,407,408, Nasar,].1., 89, 90, 97, 337, Parmelee, PA, 340, 341, 409,410,411,412, 339,350 342,351 413,414,415,416, Neufert, 357 ~ns,T.,369,375 417419,420,424, Neugarten, B.1., 52, 57 Passini, R, 60,73,79,80 425,437,438 Nevnnan, 0., 342, 350 Pastalan, L.A., 340, 351 Ratzka, AD., 41, 42 Nevnnan, S.]., 340, 350 Patterson, A.H., 89, 97 Reddon,]., 241, 244 Nicholas, D., 379, 382 Peck, ].c., 338, 348 Reischauer, E.O., 88, 97 Nichols, M., 410, 419 Pelletier, K., 339, 352 Reizenstein-Carpman, ]., Niino, N., 52, 57 Pennebaker, ].w., 86t, 97 345,353 Niit, T., 345, 350 Penner, L.A., 85, 98 Resnick, M., 330 Niitani, Y, 435 Pepper, S., 428, 430, 434 Rich, R.C., 342, 351 Nishisato, S., 107, 112 Perin, C., 402, 419 Ricour, E, 386n, 397 Nishiyama, S., 88, 97 Perkins, D.D., 342, 351 Riger, S., 337, 351 Nishiyama, U., 357-358, 364 Pessac, 256 Rivers, S., 83, 85, 96 Noam, E., 338, 351 Peter the Great, 374 Rivlin, L., 341, 348, 392, Noda, M., 232, 234 Philip, D., 404, 419 397 Noguchi, K, 435 Pinker, S., 60, 80 Rivolier,]., 242, 244 Noguchi, Y, 55, 57 Pitt, D.G., 205, 208 Robertson, KA, 410, 420 Nojima, E., 280, 282 Platt,]., 336, 351 Rodin,]., 87n, 98 Noschis, K, 342, 351 Plimmer, K, 137, 148 Rogers, C.R, 98 Novaco, R.W., 344, 351 Pol, E., 335,345, 351 Rogoft; B., 134, 147, 148, Pool, R, 408n, 419 342,347,361,364, Oberg, K, 286t, 311 Porter, RE., 286t, 311 380, 381, 392, 397, O'Donnell, M.E, 339, 351 Porzemsky, ]., 86t, 97 428,429,430,432,434 O'Donnell, S., 404, 419 Poynter, ]., 235, 236, 237, Rokeach, M., 336, 348 Ohara, K, 209, 234 239,338 Rosen, R., 338, 351 Ohno, R., 7,163,164,173, Preiser, W.F.E., 342, 351 Rosenberg, M., 92, 98 182,389,437 Price, R.H., 380,383 Rosenberger, N.R., 88, 98 Ohta, A, 27, 42 Proctor, L., 15, 23 Rosenblatt, B., 87t, 98 444 Name Index

Rosin, K T., 330 Sherwood, D.L., 336,351 Suzuki, S., 209, 234 Rotenberg, B., 324 Shibata, H., 51, 52, 56, 57 Suzuki, T., 6, 52, 56, 113, Rozin, P., 86t, 97 Shbnonaka,Y, 52,57 115,129,389 Rubinstein, N., 401n Shontz, F.C., 86t, 87t, 98 Swanson, D.C., 336, Ryan, E.J., 134, 148 Silberstein, L.R, 87n, 98 351 Silver, C.S., 336, 351 Szalai, A, 151, 159 Sack, RD., 407, 409, 420 Silverstein, M., 124, 128, Sadalla, EJ., 409, 421 347 Thft, R, 286t, 311 SadalIa, E.K, 405, 420 Sbncox, D.E., 201, 206, 208 'IlIkahashi, T., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Saegert, S., 10, 335, 337, Simmel, M.L., 86t, 98 11,43,50,116,129, 342, 343, 345, 346, Singer, J.E., 338, 349 231, 234, 340, 343, 350,351,361,363, Slaby, R, 337, 351 345,389,436,437,438 364,385,435 Slem, C., 437 Thkai, ]., 302, 311 Saito, K, 52, 57 Smith, H.lv., 90, 98 1kkekawa, T., 52, 57 Saito, M., 6, 101, 102, 108, Soma, I., 3, 6, 101, 404 'llllbot, J.F., 338, 349 109, 110, 112, 404 Sommer, BA, 409, 421 'Dunano, K, 55, 57 Sakata, S., 55, 57 Sommer, R., 149, 159, 342, 'llmaka, K, 9, 42, 134, 135, Sakihara, S., 52, 56 347,352,409,421 148,325,435 Sako, T., 8, 273, 275, ~82, Sorell, G.T., 85, 97 'llmaka, T., 302, 311 438 Sorensen,]., 183, 198 'llmaka, Y, 27, 28, 42, 286t, Salter, E., 60, SO Souma, I., 436, 437 311 Sanchez, E., 334, 345, 351 Spelke, E., 60, SO 1knigawa, K, 9, 325 Sandler, J., 87t, 98 Spivack, M., 240, 244 1knucci, G., 411, 418 Santostefano, S., 86t, 90, 98 Staples, B., 428, 434, 438 lllylor, RB., 342, 351, 407, Santy, P., 242, 244 Stea, D., 60, SO, 367, 375 409,421 Sar~~,lv.,339,348 Steinberg, L.M., 60, SO lllylor, S.E., 344, 352 Sato, S., 52, 57 Stern, P.C., 335, 336, 343, 1entokali, v., 250, 257 Sato, Y, 52, 57 345,352 1edoW; RJ., 183, 198 Saunders,J.O., 336, 351 Stevens, DA, 61, SO Thiel, P., 174, 182,417 Schank, 415 Stewart, M., 365 Thomas, v., 325, 330 Schaur, E., 409, 421 Stokols, D., 9,134,148, Thompson, J.K, 85, 98 Schilder, P., 86t, 98 242, 244, 281, 333, Thorne, R, 344, 352 Schissler, D., 401, 418 335, 337, 338, 339, Thorud, D.B., 199, 208 Schlater, JA, 86t, 98 341, 342, 343, 344, lbbin, S.S., 52, 57 Schoggen,P.,236,244,274, 345,349,351,352, lb~,K,8,283,310,386, 282,344,347 362, 364, 372, 377, 389 SchOn, D.A, 401, 421 378, 379, 3SO, 381, Tolman, E.C., 60, 80 Schouela, DA, 60, 61, SO 382,424-425,434,437 lbmita, M., 102, 112 Schulz, R, 234 Stone, A.M., 341, 348 Tonuma, K, 436 Schutz, A, 134, 148, 286t, Stone, P., 151, 159 lboby,]., 378, 382, 383, 417 311 Stratton, L., 91, 97 Toshbna,T.,89,9O,94,98 Secchiaroli, G., 411, 418 Striegel-Moore, R.H., 87n, Toy.una,T., 231,234,438 Secord, P., 87t, 91, 92, 98 98 Trafimow; D., 89, 98 Shagass, C., 15, 23 Struyk, R., 340, 350 Triandis, H.C., 89, 91, 98, Shanmugam, A, 286t, 311 Su~a,Y,52,57 286t,311 Shaver, P., 283, 310, 311 Sundstrom, E., 342, 352 1Sumakura, S., 2, 435 Shaw; S., 404 Sun Vat Sen, 374 Thtde, D.P., 415, 419 Sheets, v.I.., 405, 420 Susa, AM., 342, 352 Shen, N.C., 110, 112 Suy.una,Y, 51,52,57 Ulrich, R.S., 338, 339, 352 Sheridan, T.E., 411, 421 Suzuki, A., 28, 42 Underwood, P.R, 232, 234 Name Index 445

Vairavan, B., 401, 421 380,383,386,389, WohiwUl,J,F., 407, 409, 421 Vakalo, KL., 340, 350 392,397,436,437 Wolft; H.G., 286t, 312 Valery, P., 365 Watanabe, A, 18, 23 Worchel, S., 90, 99 Valsiner, J.. 386, 397 Watanabe, K, 27,42 Wylie, R, 91, 99 van Cleet: A, 371, 375 Webber, M., 379,383 Vassiliou, v., 286t, 311 Weber, M., 369 Yamada, S., 28,42 Veibrugge,L., 340, 352 Weiss, RS., 232, 234 Yamamoto, T., 1, 2, 3, 6, 59, Vershure, B., 409, 421 Wekerle, G., 152, 159 61, 80, 88, 97, 334, Wener, R, 341, 353 Vila, B., 337, 353 340, 343, 344, 345, Werner, C.M., 361, 364, Vining,]., 409, 419 349,436,437 428,434,438 Vrasavva,K, 52,57 Yamashita, K, 102, 112 Werner, H., 61, 80, 83,84, Yasillo, N., 15, 23 87n, 91, 94, 98, 86t, Yasoshima, Y, 198 Wachs, M., 336, 349 99,284,311,312 Yasumura, S., 56 Wachs, T.D., 342, 349, Westerman, A, 409, 421 Yokayama, H., 56 353 Wicker, A., 149, 159, 274, Yoors,J" 89, 99 Wachsler, L., 375 282, 343, 353, 367, Yoshino, S., 46f Walmsley, K, 41, 42 375,380,381,383 Walsh, ]., 339, 353 Wiesenfeld, E., 334, 345, Yoshitake, Y, 3, 11, Walsh, w.B., 380, 383 351,353 358-359,364,437 Wandersman, A, 342, 351 Willer, D., 401, 406, 421 Young, O.R, 336, 352 Wantabe, S., 52, 56 Willer,]., 401, 406, 421 '\\:t, E.S.H., 88, 99 Wapner, S., 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, Williams, AF., 339, 353 10,11,59,60,61,80, Williams, T.I., 378, 383 Zaino, H., 163, 182 83,84,86t,87n,89, W1lson, E.O., 403, 418 Zais,]., 340, 350 91,93,94,96,97,98, W1lson, 1., 324 Zeisel, J" 135, 148, 341, 353 133, 134-135, 148, Wineman,]., 342, 353 Zimring, C.M., 341, 345, 283,284,285,288, Winen, R.A, 336, 339, 349, 353 299,302,303,310, 353 Zube, E.H., 7,199,200, 311,339,341,343, Winkel, G., 342, 351, 361, 201,205,206,208, 345, 351, 353, 361, 364,392,397 336,353,389,437,438 364, 372, 375, 379, Witkin, H.A, 87t, 99 Zukin, S., 322, 324 Subject Index

A-bombing, urban renewal following, see Asia (cont.) Urban renewal urbanization and quality of life in, Aborigines, 401-402 325-330 Acculturation, 285-286 Assumptions, 84, 284-285, 430-433 Adaptation, 285, 304-305, 309-310 minimizing, 411-414 Adventurer profile, 242 Attentional overload, 338 Affective experiences, of exchange Australia, 344, 404 students, 290 Australian Green Streets project, 409n Affordances, 173,249,257 Aztec Indians, 319 Africa,88,368 Agriculture, in riparian areas, 202, 203-204 Barrier-free design, 36, 38, 43 Akabanedai site, 44, 49 Bathrooms, 32, 33t; 34t; 35t; 36t; 39f Amae, 88 Bauentwurfs Lehre, 357 Anchor point theory, 281, 345 Bedfast (Netakiri) elderly; 26-27 Annual Review ofAnthropology, 425 Behavioral focal points (BFPs), 59, 62, 79, 345 Annual Review ofPsychology, 425 applicability at; 74-77 Antarctic expedition, 242, 243 main requirements of, 61 Antecedent-consequent causation, 432 Behavioral maps Apparent head size estimation task, 91, 94 in nursing home relocation, 62, 75 Appearential order, 367 of Spanish American plaza, 316 Appropriating position, in urban housing, Behaviorsettings,236,237,239,240, 367 4Cr-47,48,49 Beijing, China, 405 Architectural intimacy; 89 Being in urban structure, 119 Architectural planning research (APR), 9, Bereavement, 232 355-364 Bioculturalism, 286 definition of design in, 361-362 lBiological aspects of person, see Physical environment behavior studies aspects of person compared with, 359-361 Biological level of organization, 392-393 history of development in, 356-359 Biosphere 2, 8, 235-243, 390, 393 situation and goals of design in, 362-364 ecological psychology at; 235-240 three fields in, 356 layout at; 238f transactional perspective in, 361 richness of environment in, 239 Architecture, interface between other selection factor in, 240-243 disciplines and, 341-342 Birds, in riparian areas, 204 Architecture of mu, 362 Blacks,336 Asia, see also specific countries Blind elderly; relocation at; see Nursing body and self experience in, 88 home relocation modem versus traditional culture in, Body action, 84, 86t, 90-91, 93 368-373 Body as object, 92 447 448 Subject Index

Body boundaries, 91, 95 Cognitive maps (cont.) Body buffer-zone task, 91 literature review on, 60-61 Body-Cathexis Scale, 91, 92, 93, 94 number of places on, 68 Body concept/image/representation, 84, overall structure portrayed on, 70-72 85,87t Color preferences, 6, 101-111,404-405 Body esteem, 84 general order o~ 103 Body evaluation, 91, 94 mathematical analysis by dual scaling, Body experience, 6, 83-95 107 conceptual level o~ 6, 84, 87t relative frequencies by hue and tone, materials used in study o~ 90-92 103-106 overview of studies on, 85 stimuli used to determine, 102-103 participants in study o~ 90 for white, 102, 103, 109-111 perceptual level o~ 6, 84, 86t, 90 Come and go (yuki-Kau), 120-122 sensorimotor level o~ 6, 84, 86t, 90, 93 Communication, in family housing, statistical analysis of findings on, 92 249-250,251-255 Body fantasy, 84 Communicative knowledge, 396 Body mobility, 84 Community health, 339 Body-Part-As-Object'lest, 92 Compilation ofDesign Data for Body parts, use of in space, 84 Architecture, 357, 358 Body perception, 84, 85, 86t, 90, 91, 93 Conceptual aspects of body, 84, 90, 91, 93 Body-related attitudes, 85 Conceptual aspects of se~ 84, 90, 91-92, Body representation, 91 93 Border phenomena, 370-371 Conceptual level of body experience, 6, 84, Bosnia, 337, 371-372, 375 87t Brazil,374,404 Connectedness to others, 88, 94, 95 Bryant Park (New York), 116,314,323 Contextualist theories, 367 Correctional Institution Environment Scale Cairene villas, 402 (CIES),262-271 Campus plan, 8, 273-281 Correctional institutions, 8, 263-265, Canada, 336, 404 270-271,388 Canonical boundary conditions, 249 COrridors, curves o~ 69-70, 7lti't, 73, 79 Caution District, 212, 228 Costa Rica, plazas o~ see Spanish American Centrality, 250 plaza Centralization,329-330 Crime, 340, 341 Cherry trees, 186, 187, 188~ 189, 192~ preventing at regional and international 193,197,198f levels, 336-337 Child abuse, 336-337 urbanization and, 326 Children, 250 Cross-cultural studies China, 369, 405 of body and self experience, see Body Churches, 410 experience; Self experience City personnel, 326, 328, 329-330 of color preferences, see Color Cognition, sensorimotor, perceptual, and preferences conceptual aspects, 6, 84, 290 opportunities for, 345-346 Cognitive experiences, of exchange Cuba, 374 students, 290 Cultural intimacy, 89 Cognitive maps, 59,62-74,78-79 Culture, 365-375 curves of corridors portrayed on, 69-70, modem versus traditional, 368-373 71£'t, 73, 79 urban public space and, 123-124 errors of relational positions on, 68-69 figural presentation compared with, 60 ~bate,Umdequate,407 Subject Index 449

Dedifferentiation, 284, 286, 288, 291, 303, Elderly (cant.) 304 quality of life in, 6, 51-56 Deficiency theory, 60, 79 urban housing for, see Urban hOUSing, Dementia, visual perception and, see Visual for elderly perception urban renewal and, see Urban renewal Design visual perception in demented, see definition ot; 361-362 VISual perception goals ot; 362-363 Empirical models, 406 Development, 8, 84, 95,139-140, Empirical studies, isolated, 401-402 255-256,283-286,430 Employment Ecology of theory development, 334 in riparian areas, 201-202 Experience and action, 285 urbanization and, 326, 328 Interpersonal relationships, 298-302 of~men, 7, 151-158 Orthogeneteic principle, 284-285 EnglandlUnited Kingdom, 35, 51 See also Elderly Entry (genkan), 248 Differentiation and conflict, 286, 288, 291, Environment, physical, interpersonal and 303,304-305 sociocultural aspects, 5, 284, 286, 287, Differentiation and hierarchic integration, 289,293-294,295,305 284,286,288,291,303,305 Environmental aesthetics, 414 Differentiation and isolation, 286, 288, Environmental Design Research 291,303,304 Association (EDRA), 401, 406, 411, Dining position, in urban housing, 46-47, 414,424,425 48 Environmental disengagement, 138 Disaster Relief Act (Japan), 212 140 Documentary surveys, 185 Environmental psychology, 9, 333- Door sills, 30-31 347 Dual scaling, 107 Biosphere 2 and, see Biosphere 2 Dwelling design guidelines, for elderly, 5, community problem-solving strategies 25-41 in,342-343 examples ot; 29-35 crime and, 336-337, 340, 341 lessons from Hanshin earthquake, 35-36 cultural and historical aspects ot; 9, proposals for, 28-29 365-375 survey of extended family living in, 27 elderly and, 339-340 survey of local community living in, 28 experiencing present-day, 381 survey of special housing for aged in, forecasting trends in, 379-381 27-28 green, 335 health promotion and, 339 Each in one's own way (omoi-omoi), intellectual scientific structure ot; 119-120 379-380 Ecological psychology, of Biosphere 2, interface between architecture, urban 235-240 design and, 341-342 Education, urbanization and, 326, 328, 329 pollution and environmental change in, Efficient causation, 431, 432 335-336 Elderly technological change and, 337-338 dwelling design guidelines for, see Environmental salience, 344-345 Dwelling design guidelines, for elderly Ethnographic approach, to urban renewal, environmental design and community 134 planning for, 339-340 Ethnospace, 367 nursing home relocation for blind, see Europe, 368-373, see a/so specific Nursing home relocation countries 450 Subject Index

Exchangestuden~,8,283-310,393 Gender (cont.) American culture as viewed by Japanese, exchange students' experience and, 288-291 297,303 development of interpersonal quality of life and, 54, 55 relationships by Japanese, 297-302 self-esteem and, 85 experience and action of American, Generality, 387-391, 414-416 302-308 General systems theory, 369 experience and action ofJapanese, Genkan (entry), 248 291-297, 298t Geometric-technical properties, 84 Experience and action, relations among, 8, Gila River, 201-204, 206, 207 285,287,302 Grand Central Thrminal (New York), 122 Extended families, 27, 38 Gran Hotel (Costa Rica), 323, 324 Granny annexes, 26 Fair Housing Amendment Act, U.S., 35 Green environmental psychology, 335 Family housing, 8, 247-257 context and behavior in, 251-255 Handbook of Environmental Psychology, exploring alternative approaches in, 366,425 249-251 Handrails, 32, 34t; 35t; 36t; 37t; 40f privacy in, 251 Hanshin-Awajiearthquake, 35-36, 209 rethinking stereotypes ot; 248-249 Happen to be present (iawaseru), 118-119 space use in, 255-256 Hasegawa Dementia Scores, 16 Family planning, 326, 328, 329 Hawthorne Factory, 359 Festive activities, 141-144 Health Figural presentation, 60 environmentally based strategies of Final causation, 431 promoting, 339 First Japan-USA Seminar on urbanization and, 326, 328, 329 Environment-Behavior Research, High school studen~, 8, 265-271, 388 435-436 Hikarigaoka site, 44, 49 5-¥ear Plan of Housing Construction Hiroshima bombing, urban renewal Oapan),28 following, see Urban renewal History Fixed seating, in urban housing, 46-47 a/Invention (Williams), 378 Flooding, 29 Hokkaido Southwest earthquake, 209 Floor level, 29 Holism, 8, 283 Folk psychology, 386 Holistic, developmental, systems-oriented Folk theories and concep~, 407 perspective, 285, 287t, 288, 302, Formal causation, 431 308 Fort Huachucha, 202, 204 Homicide, 336, 337 Fourth Japan-USA Seminar on Housing, 326, 328 Environment-Behavior Research Husband's domain, 44 (comment), 10,385-396 Hypercoding, 151 France, 334 Fukae 1bwn,Japan, 212, 214 Iawaseru (happen to be present), 118- Functionalism, 359, 361, 366 119 Fusuma (sliding doors), 248, 255, 256, 257 I-kata, 115-116 Futons, 47, 48, 248 Ina-gakuen Comprehensive Upper Secondary School, 273-281 Gender India Biosphere 2 conditions and, 242 pilgrimages and processions in, 401 body and self experience and, 85,90, urbanization and quality of life in, 326, 94 327,328,329 Subject Index 451

Individuality; 88, 94 Japan (cont.) Indonesia, 326, 327, 328, 329 modern versus traditional culture in, Industrial change, 326 368,369,370 Inkyo-beya,43 quality oflife for elderly in, 51-56 Inquiry surveys, 185 restoration housing in, see Restoration Integrative techniques, see Time use housing analysis sociopsychological environments of Interactional worldview, 428, 429-431, schools in, 261-271 432 urban housing for elderly in, see Urban Interdependence, 88 housing, for elderly Intennediate maps, 71-72, 78 urbanization and quality of life in, 326, Internalized community; 145 327,328,329 International Association for urban riverfron~ in, see Riverfronts, People-Environment Studies (lAPS), trees on 411,424 Japan Color Research Institute, 110 Interpersonal aspects of environment, 284, Japan-United States Seminars, 1-5, 285t 435-438 actual experience ot: 295t, 296, 298t, Japanese gardens, 7, 163-182 304,305t description of nonvisual infonnation in, common problems in, 287 174 expectations concerning, 293t, 294 deSCription of visual infonnation in, reports on, 289 173-174 Interpersonal Network Questionnaire, 299, environmental data creation ot; 168-173 300 experimental design in study ot; 165 Interviews procedures used in study ot; 165-168 ofexchangestuden~,300-301 study site and participan~ in study ot: in Spanish American plaza studies, 316 165 Intrapersonal aspec~ of person, see Jews, 371, 373 Psychological aspec~ of person Jibun,88 Italian-Americans, 250 Italy; 89, 368, 369 Kenchiku keikaku, 355, 357 Kibougaoka site, 44, 49 Japan,334,344,346 Kitchens, 250 architectural planning research in, see Korea, 370 Architectural planning research color preferences in, 102 body and self experience in, see Body urbanization and quality of life in, 326, experience; Self experience 327,328,329 campus plan in, 273-281 K-21 scale, 236, 237-239 correctional institutions in, 8, 263-265, 270-271,388 Landscape values, in riparian areas, see dwelling design guidelines for elderly Riparian areas in, see Dwelling design guidelines, for Latin America, 88, 334, 345 elderly Life expectancy; inJapan, 51 elderly population in, 51, 340 Life Satisfaction Index-K (LSIK), 52-56 exchange studen~ in, see Exchange Life-world, urban environment as,134 studen~ literature, knowledge ot: 409-410 family housing in, see Family housing Lost landscape, 141-144 high school students in, 8, 265-271, Lost World ofthe Berberovtc Family, 1be 388 (van Cleef), 371-372 life expectancy in, 51 Luxembourg garden (paris), 116 452 Subject Index

Lyon station (Paris), 120f Netakiri (bedfast) elderly, 26-27 North zone, 44 Malaysia, 326, 327-328, 329 Notre-Dame (Paris), 12lf Man-Environment Research Association Nuovo Cinema Paradiso (film), 120, 124f (MERA), 3, 4, 424 Nursing home relocation, 6, 59-79 Mannen-doko, 48 behavioral focal points in, see Material causation, 431 Behavioral focal points Maya Indians, 319, 402 behavioral maps in, 62, 75 Mayo Indians, 402 cognitive maps in, see Cognitive maps Megachurches, 410 observation of movement in, 75 Meiji Restoration, 355n, 356 questionnaire test in, 76-77 Mental retardation, visual perception and, see Visual perception Occupying position, in urban hOUSing, Mesoamerican plaza, 319 46-47 Mexican Americans, 404 Olfactory landscape, 410 Mexico, 374 Omoi-omoi (each in one's o~ way), Microgenetic process, in cognition, 61, 62, 119-120 73, 78 "Onagigawa Gohonmatsu" (wood-cut Middle zone, 44 print), 190f Migrants Optimum size of cities, 325 developmental analysis ot; 286 Ordersfor Discovery and Settlement, 319 factors affecting adaptation ot; 285t Organismic worldview, 84, 428, 429-431 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Organismic-developmental theory, 6 Inventory 2 (MMPI-2), 241-243 Orthogenetic principle, 61, 284, 286 Mizunashi River, 211 Modernism, 365-366 Palais Royal (Paris), 115t; 116, 118f Modes of being in places, see Urban public Paris, France, 116, 118,119, 123 space Parque Central (Costa Rica), 316, 317-318, Motivational salience, 344 319-321,324 Mount Unzen-Fugendake eruption, Pedestrian malls, 410-411 restoration housing for, see Perceptual level of body experience, 6, 84, Restoration housing 86t, 90 Mount Vesuvius eruption, 378 Perceptual salience, 344 M-P survey, 237-239 Person, physical, psychological and Mto~, 136, 139, 144 sociocultural aspects, 5, 284, 286, 287, Multiculturalism, 288, 309, 374, 375 292-293,294-295,297 Multidimensional analysis, see Time use Penneabllity maps, 251, 252t; 253t; 254£ analysis Personal memories, 50 Personal network, 301 NAC Eye-Mark Recorders, 16 Person-environment relations, 135, Nakaniwa (special places), 248 367-368,369,371,372 Nangai Study, 56 of exchange students, 284,286 Narratives, 385-386, 387-388, 395 nursing home relocation and, 59, 61 incoherence in, 394 promotion of theorizing in, 380-381 situating the narrator in, 394 Person-in environment, 284-285 urban renewal and, 135, 145 category system, 289-296, 299-301, National Theater (Costa Rica), 322, 323 303,308 Natural disaster, 7, 35-36, 2(}9-283, 334 Person-world level of organization, 392- Nedu site, 44, 49 393 Nepal,326,327,329,330 Phenomenology, 366 Subject Index 453

Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale Quality of life (PGC),52 in elderly, 6, 51-56 Philippines, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330 urbanization and, 9,325-330 PhYSical aspects of environment, 284, 285t Quantitative difference theory, 60, 79 actual experience ot; 294, 295t, 296, Questionnaires 298t, 304, 305t for exchange students, 292 common problems in, 287 in nursing home relocation, 76-77 expectations concerning, 293t, 294 on expectation and experience, 92 reports on, 289 Physical aspects of person, 284, 285t Rain, protection from, 29 actual experience ot; 294, 295t, 296, 298t Replication, 409 common problems in, 287t Research methodology, 431-432 expectations concerning, 293 Restoration housing, 7-8, 209-233, reports on, 290 390-391 Physiognomic properties, 84 bereavement and, 232 Pilgrimages, 401 case studies ot; 217-230 Pine trees, 186, 187, 190t; 193 description of volcanic eruption Placing oneself (personal world) in public, preceding, 211 116-117 relocation to, 212-213 Plaza de la Cultura (Costa Rica), 316, 318, Revenues, 326, 328 321-323,390,394 Richness of environment, 239 Pollution Rillito River, 201 psychological and behavioral Riparian areas, 7, 199-208 dimensions of, 335-336 management pOSition supported for, urbanization and, 326, 328 205-206 Pompidou Museum (Paris), 318 perceptions of appropriate land uses, Postoccupancy evaluation (POE), 341, 359 206-207 Poststructuralism, 366 perceptions on growth and change, 206 Post-traumatic stress disorder, 210 related literature, 204-205 Predesign research (PDR) methods, 341 Riverfronts, trees on, 7, 183-198 Privacy, 89-90, 251 actual state of planting, 186 Private zones, 44 documentary survey ot; 185 Problem, theory, and method, relations inquiry survey ot; 185 among, 8 preferable visual images ot; 189-193 Processions, 401 preferred species, 193 Proposition 187, 373 spatial balance of tree arrangement, Psychological aspects of person, 284, 285t 193-197 actual experience ot; 294, 295t, 296, 298t traditional images ot; 186-187 common problems in, 287t Rooms expectations concerning, 293 layout of in urban housing, 43-44, 48 reports on, 290-291 partitioning ot; 248 Psychological Distance Map (PDM), Route maps, 60, 71-72, 78 299-300,303,309 Rwanda, 337 for people, 305-308 for places, 308 Safety, personal, 153-158 Psychological level of organization, Safety belt use, 88 392-393 SaffOrd, 201-204, 206 Psychological part-processes, cognition, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, see Riverfronts, affect, and valuation, 8, 290 trees on Public zones, 44 San Pedro River, 201-204, 205-206, 207 454 Subject Index

Scandina~a, 334,344,346 Sociocultural aspects of environment, 284, 285t Schools actual experience o~ 295t, 296-297, campus plan in, 8, 273-281 298t, 304, 305t exchange students in, see Exchange common problems in, 287 students expectations concerning, 293t, 294 sociopsychological envimoments o~ 8, reports on, 289-290 261-271 Sociocultural aspects of person, 284, 285t Scientific creatMty, 344-345 actual experience o~ 294, 295t, 296, 298t Second Japan-USA Seminar on common problems in, 287t En~ronment-Beha~or Research, expectations concerning, 293 436-437 Sojourn, 283 Self-Cathexis Scale, 92, 93, 94 Sojourners, 286-288, 308-309 Self-conceptfunage/representation, 84, 87t, developmental analysis o~ 286 91 factors affecting adaptation o~ 285t Self~ra~ngs,91,93,94 Sonita Creek, 201 Self-esteem, 84, 85, 92, 93, 94 Soraku-en (Kobe city), see Japanese gardens Self-Esteem Inventory, 92, 94 South zone, 44 Self-evaluation, 92, 94 So~et Union, former, 337, 345 Self experience, 6, 83-95 Space use, in family housing, 255-256 materials used in study o~ 90-92 Spanish American plaza, 9, 313-324, ovemew of studies on, 85-89 390 participants in study o~ 90 analysis o~ 317 statistical analysis of findings on, 92 intemews and historical documentation Self-fantasy, 84 in, 316 Self-understanding, 84, 92 observation o~ 316 "Sendagi Dangozaka Hanayashiki" setting o~ 317-318 (wood-cut print), 192f symbolism in, 319-320 Sensorimotor level of body experience, 6, theoretical assumptions underlying, 84, 86t, 90, 93 314-315 Sensorimotor palpation, 84 Spatial cognition, 60-61, 62, 73-74, 78-79 Setting deprivation, 240 Spatial identity, 133 Sex, see Gender Spatial order, 367 Sex-Role Inventory, 91, 92 Special places (Nakaniwa), 248 Shimabara City, Japan, 212, 214 Specificity, 387-391 Shingashi River, 193f Square du Vert Galant et Pont des Arts Shintoism,l1On (Paris), 114f SiCily, 369 Staffing theory, 274, 281 Sierra Vista, 201-204, 206 Stairs,27 Silver-housing schemes, 26, 27-28, 43 Stand still (tatazumu), 122 Sinlong-park (1llipei), 116, 123f Stereotypes, of family housing, see Family Situatedness, 391-394 housing Sketchmaps, 59 Storage space, in urban housing, 48 Sleeping position, in urban housing, Stown, 136, 138, 143, 144 46-47,48 Stroop Color-Word 'lest, 89 Sliding doors (fusuma), 248, 255, 256, Subject object distance, 91 257 Sumai-kata surveys, 357 Social-ecological perspective, 134 Survey maps, 60, 71-72, 78 Social habits, 369 Sweden, 41, 51 Social Logic ofSpace (Hillier and Hanson), Switzerland, 404 249 Symbolism, 319-320 Subject Index 455

Synthesis, lack of emphasis on, 402-405 Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Systems, 8 Gerontology; 56 Trait worldview, 428, 429-431 Taipei, Taiwan Transactional approach, 284, 355, 361, color preferences in, see Color 367,411,428,429-431,432 preferences in architectural planning research,361 urban public space in, 116, 123 to exchange students, 284 Taoism, 362n Transportation, 326, 328 Tatami rooms, 31, 38t; 47, 49, 248, Travel, personal safety and, 153-158 256 Trees, on riverfronts, see Riverfronts, trees Tatazumu (stand still), 122 on Technical knowledge, 396 Thukaware-kata, 358, 359-360 Technology Tuileries garden (Paris), 116, 12lf as an engine of discontinuity, 377-378 1Wenty Statements Test, 88 impact of change on individuals and Threnty-first century, 333-335 groups, 337-338 Tekite studies, 240 United Kingdom/England, 35, 51 Tempo regulation, 84, 90-91, 93, 94, 95 United States Tempo Regulation Test, 90 body and self experience in, see Body experience; Self experience Testability, 406 color preferences in, 404 Test of Self-Understanding, 92 correctional institutions in, 263- Thailand,326,327,328,329 265 Theoretical models, 406 crime in, 336-337 Theory, 432-433 elderly population ot; 339-340 attributes of good, 408-409 environmental protection regulation in, ecology of development, 343-346 336 inadequate, 405-406 exchange students in, see Exchange Theory in Environmental Design students (Rapoport), 399 family housing in, see Family housing "Thing and Medium" (Heider), 393 health care costs in, 339 Third Japan-USA Seminar on modem versus traditional culture in, Environment-Behavior Research, 368-373 437-438 Unit of analysis, 284-285, 429-430 Tianjin, China Universal design housing, 29 color preferences in, see Color Universities, exchange students in, see preferences Exchange students urban public space in, 116, 122 Urban design, interface between other Times Square (New York), 314 diSciplines and, 341-342 Time use analysis, 7, 149-158 Urban housing, for elderly; 5, 43-50 as an integrative research method, current trends in room layout, 43-44 150-151 fixed seating and occupying position in, personal safety and travel contexts 46-47 studied with, 153-158 overlapping and sequential separation TMIG Index of confidence, 54 of activities in, 48-49 Toilets, 32, 34t; 40f quality of space in, 49-50 Tokyo, Japan storage and room layout in, 48 color preferences in, see Color use of rooms in, 47-48 preferences Urbanization, quality of life and, 9, 325- urban public space in, 116, 124 330 456 Subject Index

Urban public space, 6, 113-128 Verkehrsweg, 357 being in urban structure, 119 Violent crime, see Crime come and go (yuki-Kau), 12~122 Visual perception, 5, 15-23 cultural factors and, 123-124 apparatus used to study, 16 each in one's own way (omoi-omoi), fixation behavior on stimuli, 18-23 119-120 fixation time in, 18 happen to be present (iawaseru), stimuli used to study, 16-17 118-119 subjects studied, 16 placing oneself (personal world) in public, 116-117 Water barriers, 27, 32 stand still (tatazumu), 122 Water resources, in riparian areas, 202-204 Urban renewal, 7,133-148 Way-finding tasks, 6~1 environmental disengagement of West End (Boston), 133, 145 reSidents, 138-140 ethnographic approach to, 134 Wheelchair accessibility, 26, 27, 29, 3~31, 38-41 humanization via mediation in, 145-148 lost landscape and festive activities in, White, preference for, 102, 103, 109-111 141-144 Who Am I Test, 91 narrative acts and, 135, 145 Wife's domain, 44 social-ecological perspective on, 134, 135 Willow trees, 186, 187, 189, 191£ Urban riverfronts, see Riverfronts, trees on Women, 7, 151-158, see also Gender Urban Villagers, The (Gans), 133 Work Environment Scale (WES), 271 Utilities, 326, 328 World War II, 356

Valuative experiences, of exchange "Yatsumi-no-hashi" (wood-cut print), 191£ students, 29~291 Yi.Iki-Kau (come and go), 12~122