Appendix 1: Cultural and Historic Resources APPENDIX 1
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Appendix 1: Cultural and Historic Resources APPENDIX 1: CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES 1-A: Correspondence with NJHPO 1 – Section 106 Consulting Parties Initiation Letters 2 – NJHPO Concurrence of Adverse Effects Letter: April 3, 2017 3 – Draft Programmatic Agreement Transmittal Letter to NJHPO: April 5, 2019 1-B: Programmatic Agreement 1-C: Cultural and Historic Resources 1-D: Phase 1A Archaeological Documentary Study Sawtooth Bridges Replacement Project Appendix 1 – A CORRESPONDENCE WITH NJHPO Sawtooth Bridges Replacement Project Appendix 1 – A – 1 SECTION 106 CONSULTING PARTIES INITIATION LETTERS Attachment A Figures 7/31/2015 B e r g e n A v e Newark Tpke Newark Tpke Harrison Ave Boylan Ave Kearny S a n f o r d Ave ¨¦§280 Passaic Harrison River Pennsylvania Ave ¨¦§95 Newark Lister Ave Catherine St Cornelia St Blanchard St Lockwood St Joseph St Esther St Jacobus Ave 3Rd St Albert Ave Chapel St Chapel Project Site Municipal Boundary 0 1,000 FEET Study Area Project Site SAWTOOTH BRIDGES REPLACEMENT PROJECT Figure 1 8/20/2015 B e r g e n A v e Newark Tpke Newark Tpke Harrison Ave Boylan Ave S a n f o r d A ve Pennsylvania Railroad New York to Philadelphia Historic District Amtrak Substation 4 280 Old Main Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Historic District Passaic River Hudson Tower Pennsylvania Ave 95 Lister Ave Catherine St Cornelia St Blanchard St Lockwood St Joseph St Esther St Jacobus Ave 3Rd St Albert Ave Pennsylvania Railroad New York Bay Branch Historic District Chapel St Chapel Source: NJDEP, Historic Historic PreservationOffice. NJDEP, Source: Project Site/Archaeological APE Historic Properties 0 1,000 FEET Study Area Historic Districts Architectural APE and Known Architectural Resources SAWTOOTH BRIDGES REPLACEMENT PROJECT Figure 2 Attachment B: Cultural Resources Methodology A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) is proposing the replacement of Amtrak Bridge No. 7.80 and Amtrak Bridge No. 7.96. These bridges, collectively known as the "Sawtooth Bridges," are located in the Town of Kearny, Hudson County, New Jersey along a critical segment of the Northeast Corridor (NEC) between Newark, New Jersey and New York, New York (see Attachment A, Figure 1). The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is serving as the lead federal agency for this environmental review, being conducted in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended. The Sawtooth Bridges are located along the New Jersey and National Register (S/NR)-eligible Pennsylvania Railroad New York to Philadelphia Historic District (NEC, Pennsylvania to New York). The Sawtooth Bridges Replacement Project (the “Proposed Project”) will include construction of new bridges along the NEC, decommissioning and removal of the existing Sawtooth Bridges, necessary modifications to adjacent interlockings and crossovers, and other related improvements. The Proposed Project will be constructed within existing rail right-of-way. Property acquisition from Conrail will be required, along with a number of utility and other easements. B. PROPOSED ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES PROPOSED AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECT (APE) A required step in the Section 106 process is determining the Area of Potential Effect (APE), which is defined as "the geographic area or areas within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of historic properties, if such properties exist" (36 CFR § 800.16[d]). The APE is influenced by the scale and nature of an undertaking. The project will have one APE. However, to facilitate the analysis of effects, the APE will be subdivided to indicate the area in which the Proposed Project could cause potential direct effects and the area in which the Proposed Project could cause indirect effects. The area in which potential direct effects could occur may also be known as the “project site” or the archaeological resources APE. The area in which potential indirect effects could occur may also be known as the architectural resources APE. The proposed APE is described below. As engineering for the Proposed Project progresses, if changes to the APE boundaries are required, the proposed changes will be submitted to NJHPO for review and concurrence. APE FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES The area of potential effect for archaeological resources includes all areas that could experience ground disturbance under the Proposed Project. The archaeological APE is shown in Attachment A, Figure 2. DRAFT 1 September XX, 2015 Sawtooth Bridges Replacement Project Potential in-ground disturbances may result from the construction of a new bridge. Modifications and/or additions to existing railroad tracks, embankments, and other railroad infrastructure could occur throughout the archaeological APE. Staging areas or temporary access roads could also be required during the construction phase. APE FOR ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES In general, potential effects to architectural resources can include both direct physical effects (e.g., demolition, alteration, or damage from construction on nearby sites) and indirect contextual effects, such as the isolation of a property from its surrounding environment, or the introduction of visual, audible, or atmospheric elements that are out of character with a property or that alter its setting. The APE for architectural resources (shown in Attachment A, Figure 2) is, therefore, larger to account for any potential impacts that may occur where proposed construction activities could physically alter architectural resources or be close enough to them to potentially cause physical damage or visual or contextual impacts. The APE for architectural resources for this project is defined as the area surrounding the project site within visual range of the project site. It also accounts for potential construction-related impacts. The APE for architectural resources extends 750 feet from the project site. These boundaries have been delineated to account for potential visual impacts of proposed construction activity along the Northeast Corridor. Architectural resources may be impacted by elements of the Proposed Project alternatives including, removal of the existing Sawtooth Bridges; and modifications and/or additions to existing railroad tracks, embankments, and other railroad infrastructure throughout the project site. IDENTIFICATION OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Archaeological studies will be undertaken to determine whether significant (S/NR-eligible) archaeological resources are present within the archaeological APE. First, the archaeological APE will be assessed for areas that may be sensitive for archaeological resources through the preparation of a Phase I Archaeological Documentary Study (“Phase I”). The Phase I will be prepared in accordance with New Jersey Historic Preservation Office Guidelines for Phase I Archaeological Investigations. It will involve a combination of comprehensive documentary research and field investigation of the project corridor. Background research efforts will include the development of a prehistoric and historic context, a discussion of the evolution of land use patterns based on historic cartographic sources and soil surveys, and an inventory of all previously recorded archaeological sites within the vicinity of the APE such as archaeological sites on file at the NJSM. Documentary research will be conducted to identify areas where prehistoric or historic-period activities may have occurred and resulted in archaeological resources. For each area where prehistoric or historic-period activities may have left archaeological remains, construction activities and other ground disturbances that occurred later on the site will be evaluated in order to identify locations where any archaeological resources, if originally present, may have survived. If background research identified areas of potential archaeological sensitivity, archaeologists will conduct field investigations (such as the excavation of shovel test pits and/or test units) to determine the presence or absence of potentially significant archaeological resources in the APE. If it is determined that additional survey is needed, the project team will coordinate with the NJHPO to determine the appropriate next steps in order to comply with Section 106. If warranted, a Phase II survey may be September XX, 2015 2 DRAFT Attachment B: Cultural Resources Methodology undertaken to determine the boundaries and evaluate the significance of any archaeological deposits identified. ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES Once the APE is determined, an inventory of officially recognized architectural resources within the APEs will be compiled based on the files of the NJHPO and the New Jersey State Museum (NJSM). This inventory will include properties or districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NR) and/or the New Jersey State Register (SR), or determined eligible for such listing; and National Historic Landmarks (NHLs). Any potential architectural resources (i.e., properties that may be eligible for listing on the S/NR) within the architectural APE will also be identified based on field surveys by an architectural historian conducted in accordance with 36 CFR § 800.4 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (as amended). Research will be conducted on any potential architectural resources to identify pertinent historical information, such as date of construction