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Summaries of Center for Fire Research In-House Projects and Grants - 1988

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Summaries of Center for Fire Research In-House Projects and Grants - 1988 NEW NIST PUBLICATION December 21 , 1 988 NISTIR 88-3888 Summaries of Center for Fire Research In-House Projects and Grants - 1988 Sonya M. Cherry, Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology (Formerly National Bureau of Standards) National Engineering Laboratory Center for Fire Research Gaithersburg, MD 20899 November 1988 75 Yun SfeRMirtriQ Anmcit Prqqf ittJ-lfM NISTIR 88-3888 Summaries of Center for Fire Research In-House Projects and Grants - 1988 Sonya M. Cherry, Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology (Formerly National Bureau of Standards) National Engineering Laboratory Center for Fire Research Gaithersburg, MD 20899 November 1988 National Bureau of Standards became the National Institute of Standards and Technology on August 23, 1988, when the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act was signed. NIST retains all NBS functions. Its new programs will encourage improved use of technology by U.S. industry. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE C. William Verity, Secretary NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Ernest Ambler, Director . TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface 1 PART I . Basic Research and Tools for "Engineered" Fire Safety (In-House Projects and Associated Grants Funded by NIST) A. Fire /Materials Interaction Polymer Gasification (in-house) 5 Flame Radiation (grant) 9 Interaction of Radiation and Conduction in Polymeric Materials (grant) 13 A Study of the Effects of Oxygen Transport and Temperature History on the Chemistry of PMMA and Cellulose Pyrolysis (grant) 17 Thermal Stabilization of Polymers by Cross- Link Formation (grant) 21 Computer-Aided Molecular Design of Materials with Improved Fire-Safety Characteristics (in-house) 25 Flame Spread (in-house) 27 Prediction of Fire Dynamics (grant) 31 Fire Propagation in Concurrent Flows (grant) 40 Upward Flame Spread on a Vertical Wall (grant) 44 Wind-Aided Flame Spread (grant) 48 Carbon Monoxide Generation From Smoldering Combustion (in-house) 53 Kinetics of Oxygen Chemisorption and Desorption of Combustion Products in the Smoldering Combustion of Cellulosic Material (grant) 55 B . Flame Dynamic Processes Turbulent Combustion Simulation (in-house) 61 Soot Formation and Evolution (in-house) 65 Soot Morphology in Flames (grant) 69 Chemical Pathways to Soot Formation in Diffusion Flames (grant) 73 Cooperative Research in the Kinetics of Aggregate Formation (grant) 77 Fire Modeling (grant) 81 C Compartment Fire Modeling Wall Fire Growth in Enclosures (in-house) 87 iii Page Consolidated Compartment Fire Model (in-house) 91 Compartment Fire Combustion Dynamics (grant) 95 Experimental Study of the Environment and Heat Transfer in a Room Fire (grant) 97 Negatively-Buoyant Flows Generated in Enclosure Fires by the Downward Turning of Ceiling Jets (grant) 101 Numerical Analysis Support for Compartment Fire Modeling Code Development (grant) 105 Transient Ceiling Jet Characteristics (grant) 107 Ceiling Flame Length (in-house) 111 Model Accuracy Assessment (in-house) 113 Graphical Presentation and Numerical Analysis of Fire Data for Model Validation (grant) 117 D . Hazard Modeling Carbon Monoxide Prediction (in-house) 123 Soot Particle Formation and Destruction in Diffusion Flames (grant) 126 Radiation from Turbulent Luminous Flames (grant) 130 Smoke Transport (in-house) 135 Toxic Potency Measurement (in-house) 139 Analysis of Hazards to Life Safety in Fires' (grant) 143 Toxicity of Plastic Combustion Products (grant) 146 Expert System Approach for Spectra/Structure Correlation for Vapor-Phase Spectra (grant) 149 Fire Data for Materials (in-house) 153 Cone Calorimeter Development (in-house) 157 Fire Hazard Assessment (in-house) 159 Mathematical Modeling of Furniture Fires (grant) 162 E . Fire Protection Technology Engineering Analysis System & Fire Reconstruction (in-house) 167 Fire Suppression (in-house) 169 Effect of Water on Ignition of Cellulosic Materials (grant) 172 Transient Cooling of A Hot Surface by Droplets Evaporation (grant) 176 A Study of the Suppression and Extinction of Fires by Water Sprays (grant) 180 Development of a Technique to Assess the Adequacy of the Municipal Water Supply for Residential Sprinkler Systems (grant) 184 IV ) , Page F . Technology Transfer Technology Transfer (in-house) 189 PART I I . Timely Response to Current Fire Problems (Projects Funded by Other Agencies and Private Sector Organizations A. Fire/Materials Interaction Radiative Ignition in Microgravity Environment (NASA) 193 Low Flammability Composites (Navy) 194 Fire Properties of Candidate Materials for Composite Deckhouse (Navy) 195 Burning Characteristics of Combat Ship Compartments and Vertical Fire Spread (Navy) 196 Prediction of Thermal Degradation and Heat Release from Aircraft Composites (FAA) 197 Coefficient of Variation of ASTM E-648 Test for Carpets (Carpet & Rug Institute, American Textile Manufacturers Institute, and The Man Made Fiber Producers Association) 198 NFPA 701 Multiple Layer Drapery Flammability (ATMI MMFPA, Wool Bureau) 199 Fire Performance and Toxicity of Composite Materials (Navy) 200 A Technical Assessment of Explosive Vapor Detection Devices (LESEL/NIST) 201 Fire Condition Effects on Smoke Generation and Toxicity (Industry Coalition) 202 Heat Flux Sensor Calibration (FAA) 203 B . Smoke Movement and Control Fire Growth/Suppression within Aircraft (FAA) 207 Fire Environment in Counterflow Ventilation (grant) 208 C . Fire Protection Technology Fire and Thermal Characteristics of Navy Fire Fighting Trainers (Navy Training Systems Center) 215 False Alarms from Smoke Detectors (VA and AF) 216 Safety in Offshore Drilling (MMS) 218 A Study of Oil-Slick Combustion (grant) 219 An Investigation of Simulated Oil Well Blowout Fires (grant) 223 Quick Response Sprinklers in Office Occupancies (GSA) 227 v Page Foam Fire Suppression (USFA) 228 Compartment Fire Model to Simulate the Effects of Roof Vents, Sprinklers, and Their Interactions (AAMA Research Foundation) 229 Expert System (AF) 230 Fire Risk Assessment (NFPRF) 231 Fire Risk Analysis Methodology (grant) 232 APPENDIX (Alphabetical Listing of Grants) 237 vi . PREFACE This report describes the research projects performed in the Center for Fire Research (CFR) and under its grants program during FY-1988. The Center is nationally recognized as the focal point for fire research and is the largest and most comprehensive fire research laboratory in the world, with an extremely competent multi-disciplinary technical staff that is supported by an excellent fire library and extensive laboratory facilities. The Center was created by the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 which authorized the Secretary of Commerce, through the Center, to conduct a fire research program directly or through contracts or grants. Therefore, in addition to its in-house program, the Center maintains a fire research grants program that supplements most of the in-house programs and supports most of the academic fire research in the country. The Center, as a component of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards) responds to the needs of other Federal agencies and private , sector organizations. This report covers work performed with funds appropriated to the Center and work performed under contract to other agencies The goal of the Center's program is to provide the technical basis for the reduction of losses and costs of fire. The program is designed to upgrade the knowledge of fire and the production of usable products to meet the fire safety needs of the public, the fire services, and the manufacturing industry. It is comprised of three elements: • Basic research leading to the development of tools for "engineered" fire safety; i.e., fire protection technologies and fire prediction methods as demonstrated in such CFR fire models as: FIREFOAM, HAZARD, and CCFM. • Timely response to current fire problems; for example, smoke toxicity, hazards of upholstered furniture, investigations support and fire reconstructions. • Serves as a focal point for fire research in the nation by incorporating in its program academic and foreign Guest Researchers, collaborating and cooperating with international work in fire research, conducting fire simulation lab workshops; as well as technology transfer and support activities such as standards and codes participation, FRIS, the Computer Bulletin Board, NFRSC, meetings, etc. (Note: For FY-89, the Center's program has been expanded in the areas of smoke toxicity and upholstered furniture flammability. Progress on these projects will be reported in next year's report.) The majority of our in-house priority projects and grants work fits into the first category, basic research and tools for engineered fire safety, and is 1 . : presented in Part I of this report. Our work for other agencies fits in the second, timely response to current fire problems, and is presented in Part II. Activities under the third element are diverse and are not included in this report Part I is organized to reflect the way in which the grants augment and support the in-house program. Therefore, each grant report is presented immediately following its related in-house priority project. The projects are arranged in five groups: Fire/Materials Interaction Fire Dynamic Processes Compartment Fire Modeling Hazard Modeling Fire Protection Technology Technology Transfer The projects for other agencies, presented in Part II, although usually related to internally funded projects, are primarily designed to meet the
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