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Journal De Berggorilla & Regenwald Direkthilfe Gorilla Journal Journal de Berggorilla & Regenwald Direkthilfe No. 45, décembre 2012 Programme Augmentation de La tendance Les gorilles de dʼActions Con­ la population des mouvante du Bambidie servatoires dans gorilles de Bwindi trafic des grands le Congo singes en Afrique BERGGORILLA & REGENWALD DIREKTHILFE Table des matières Auteurs dans l’ONG The Last Great Ape Orga- nisation (LAGA). R. D. Congo 3 Dr. Tammie Bettinger est biologiste Dr. Prince K. Kaleme est chef du Activités de FZS dans le dossier des en chef pour la recherche au Disney’s projet Parc National de Maïko pour la Simba du Parc National de la Maїko 3 Animal Kingdom et préside le Direc­ Société Zoologique de Francfort (FZS). Effectuer les Stratégies du Pro­ toire ainsi que le Comité d’Education Il a travaillé en tant que chercheur à la gramme dʼActions Conservatoires à la Conservation de la PASA. Elle station CRSM de Lwiro qui s’occupe de dans le nord­est du Congo 5 a collaboré avec la PASA et le DFG­ primates et d’autres mammifères. Il a Le Programme pour le Gorille de FI, contribuant à la mise en place du également dirigé les projets de Kahu­ Grauer de DFGFI 8 Centre GRACE. zi­Biega et d’Itombwe pour la Wildlife Rwanda 10 Don Cousins s’est intéressé toute Conservation Society. L’Eucalyptus, une nourriture sa vie aux grands singes. Il a travaillé Thirza A. C. Loffeld a étudié et mis médicinale introduite chez les dans les zoos de Twycross et de Ches­ en pratique la formation de person­ gorilles? 9 sington, et en 1957 il a visité le Gabon nel au cours de son Master of Science Ouganda 11 pour voir les gorilles. Il a mené des re­ (MSc) de Conservation à l’Université Augmentation de la population cherches et a abondament publié sur Brookes d’Oxford et est en train d’ac­ des gorilles de Bwindi 11 le sujet. Il était un collègue et ami de quérir de l’expérience pratique par le Cross River 12 Dian Fossey. biais d’activités de conservation en In­ Mise à jour du programme Debby Cox est Conseillère Tech­ donésie. « Gorilla Guardian » 12 nique pour les programmes africains Dario Merlo est le coordinateur du Gorilles 15 de l’Institut Jane Goodall et également projet de Conservation Centré sur le La tendance mouvante du trafic membre de la PASA. Elle travaille avec Communautés de l’Institut Jane Goo­ des grands singes en Afrique 15 de nombreux refuges en Afrique, et a dall en Congo. Il a également lancé le La confiscation d’un gorille orphelin accumulé plus de 18 ans d’expérience programme Promo Jeune Basket. en Guinée Equatoriale 16 dans la région des grands lacs. Urbain Ngobobo a acquis une Efficacité d’une formation continue Dr. Alison Grand est membre du vaste expérience en travaillant dans et de perfec tionnement pour les Disney’s Animal Kingdom et travaille les parcs nationaux du Congo, en par­ guides 18 pour le Centre GRACE ainsi que pour ticulier pour y établir une gestion effi­ Les gorilles de Bambidie 21 l’Institut Jane Goodall en R. D. Congo, cace des parcs. Il a travaillé pour les où elle participe à l’évaluation des pro­ Sociétés Zoologiques de Londres et de grammes de développement et de for­ Francfort et travaille maintenant pour Gorilla Journal 45, décembre 2012 mation à la conservation. Elle colla­ le compte du Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund Editeur : Angela Meder bore également avec 8 refuges dans le International (DFGFI). Il a plus de 12 Augustenstr. 122, 70197 Stuttgart, cadre d’une initiative appelée Commu­ ans d’expérience dans la gestion des Allemagne nautés pour la Conservation des Pri­ ONGs internationales de conservation. Fax +49-711-6159919 mates. Florence Perroux est responsable E­mail [email protected] Chris Jameson est le Directeur du de la Communication, de la Formation Traduction : Yves Boutelant, Jean­ Projet Takamanda-Mone de la Wildlife et de la Conservation in situ au zoo de Pascal Guéry, Erik Mager, Julia Conservation Society au Cameroun. La Palmyre, en France. Elle est l’une Peguet, Florence Perroux Eric Kaba Tah est le chef de dépar­ des auteures du Kit d’Education sur Réalisation : Angela Meder tement média et relations extérieures les Gorilles publié par WAZA en 2009 Couverture : Afangui avant sa confis­ à l’occasion de l’Année du Gorille et a cation. Photo : Tomo Takagi écrit pour des publications zoologiques Relation bancaire : internationales de nombreux articles. Addresse de l’organisation : Numéro de compte 353 344 315 Juliet Wright est depuis juin 2011 Berggorilla & Regenwald Direkthilfe Stadtsparkasse Muelheim, Allemagne Chef du Projet « Alternatives à la c/o Rolf Brunner Code bancaire 362 500 00 viande de brousse (bushmeat) » de Lerchenstr. 5 IBAN DE06 3625 0000 0353 3443 15 la Société Zoologique de Londres en 45473 Muelheim, Allemagne SWIFT-BIC SPMHDE3E Guinée Equatoriale. Elle s’occupe de E­mail [email protected] Suisse : Postscheckkonto conservation des gorilles depuis 2006, Site web : http://www.berggorilla.org no 40-461685-7, Postfinance principalement au Cameroun. 2 Gorilla Journal 45, décembre 2012 R. D. CONGO Activités de FZS dans Centre et le Sud qui sont sous la super­ vision d’une Direction de Site à Lubutu. le dossier des Simba du Chacun de ces trois secteurs du parc Parc National de la Maїko est sous la responsabilité de postes de patrouille qui ne sont plus opération­ Le Parc National de la Maїko (PNM) est nels compte tenu des incidents entre l’un des 7 parcs nationaux que compte les combattants Simba et les gardes la République Démocratique du Congo de parc d’une part et des moyens dont (RDC), créé le 20 novembre 1970 par dispose le site d’autre part. Actuelle­ l’Ordonnance Loi N° 070/312 et possé­ ment, avec le projet de réhabilitation de Rencontre de représentants de dant une superficie de 10 830 km2. Il se ce site, le PNM est en train de relancer l’ICCN, de militaires et du FZS avec situe au nord­est de la RDC et s’étend les activités de surveillance dans tous les Simba Photo: Eugene Izinga sur trois provinces à savoir la province les secteurs. du Nord­Kivu en territoires de Lubero La présence des Simba dans le sidentielle. Les Simba n’ont pas été et de Walikale, la province Orientale en Parc National de la Maїko est très an­ inquiétés et les autorités congolaises territoire de Bafwasende et la province cienne. Ils y habitaient et, à une cer­ (zaïroises à l’époque) n’ont rien fait de Maniema en territoire de Lubutu. taine époque, ont été ramenés vers la pour les évacuer ou prendre des me­ La création de ce Parc National de route par les Belges. Ils vivaient des sures pour les faire sortir de cette aire la Maїko traduit la volonté du gouver­ produits de la chasse et de la pêche. devenue protégée. nement de la RDC de protéger l’im­ Lors de la rébellion de Mulele qui a Au fur et à mesure que les choses mense forêt ombrophile et de garantir embrasé tout le pays en 1964, étant avançaient, des problèmes entre le la survie des espèces phares et en­ guerriers, ils ont réintégré la forêt afin parc et les Simba ont commencé. Il démiques comme le gorille de plaine de se mettre à l’abri des représailles du était difficile pour les gardes de s’ac­ de l’est, l’okapi, le chimpanzé, le paon gouvernement, et parce qu’ils étaient quitter de leur mission de protection congolais ainsi que de celles mena­ furieux à cause de la mort de leur idole du parc car ils avaient systématique­ cées d’une extinction locale à l’instar Lumumba (ils n’ont jamais accepté qu’il ment des accrochages avec les Simba. de l’éléphant et des primates. ait été tué). Cette situation a perduré jusque dans Pour une gestion efficace, le PNM En 1970, le Parc National de la les années d’après guerre (vers 2000). est subdivisé en 3 secteurs : le Nord, le Maїko a été créé par ordonnance pré­ Tout le monde savait que leur présence dans le parc était un problème sérieux, mais personne ne pensait à une solu­ tion quant à leur sortie. Pour organiser les patrouilles ou d’autres travaux dans le parc, les res­ ponsables du parc se sont arrangés avec les Simba. Ils les ont laissés tra­ vailler et un compromis a été trouvé dans ce sens. En avril 2009, dans le but de les faire sortir de force de la fo­ rêt, l’armée a réquisitionné les gardes pour une opération contre les Simba. Par malheur, un garde a été tué dans les combats et en voyant son corps, les Simba ont considéré les gardes comme des traîtres pour avoir accep­ té de conduire leurs ennemis. Le bras de fer a commencé et les activités des gardes se sont arrêtées. La Frankfurt Zoological Society (FZS) est arrivée fin 2009 mais elle a Un village de Simba dans le parc Photo: FZS débuté ses activités en 2010. Il s’est 3 Gorilla Journal 45, décembre 2012 R. D. CONGO avéré important de prendre des me­ ainsi des garanties d’emploi pour sures pour une sortie pacifique du ces candidats. parc, du fait que des groupes opérant en son sein se faisaient passer pour Ainsi, vers la fin de l’année passée, un des Simba et de ce fait, la distinction plan sommaire était mis sur pied com­ devenait difficile. Des stratégies ont été prenant certaines activités : élaborées afin de voir comment amor­ cer cette procédure et qui contacter – lobbying au niveau de la province, pour une solution durable.
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