DOCSLIB.ORG

Download File

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download File ACTINYL ION CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY AND ITS IMPACT ON STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FATE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Jessica M. Morrison Peter C. Burns, Director Graduate Program in Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences Notre Dame, Indiana April 2013 © Copyright 2013 Jessica M. Morrison ACTINYL ION CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY AND ITS IMPACT ON STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FATE Abstract by Jessica M. Morrison The modern study of the actinide elements began more than 70 years ago, yet much remains to be explored about how these radioactive elements behave in complicated systems like the soils at Department of Energy sites, the forests near Chernobyl or the ocean waters off Fukushima. The fundamental study of actinide chemistry provides a basis for understanding the mechanisms that control actinide migration in the environment. Here two major themes are presented in which one explores the structural properties of U(VI) uranyl germanates as they relate to U(VI) uranyl silicates and the emergence of cation-cation interactions as a structural feature, and the other offers a glimpse at the behavior of Np(V) and U(VI) during the growth of rock- forming minerals for the purpose of understanding the inorganic controls of crystal growth on environmental remediation. Hydrothermal synthesis and single crystal X-ray diffraction were employed in the study of U(VI) uranyl germanates. For the study of Np(V) incorporation into Jessica M. Morrison rock-forming minerals, a variety of room temperature syntheses were conducted before a simple synthesis in aqueous solution was devised. Characterization methods included ICP-MS in solid and solution modes and XPS. This research demonstrated (1) the structural differences between U(VI) uranyl germanates and silicates by introducing new (VI) uranyl germanate compounds with uncommon structural features, like cation-cation interactions and chains of GeO5 tetrahedra; and (2) the potential for structural incorporation to play a role in neptunium mobility in the subsurface by showing that calcite has a higher affinity for neptunium than gypsum during synthetic growth. To my grandmother, Daisy Rowe, who never learned to read; to my mother, Linda Dalton, the only one of fifteen siblings to complete high school; to my nieces, Madison and Annabella, who will inherit the moon; to my husband, Brandon, for everything else. ii CONTENTS FIGURES..................................................................................................................................................... vi TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................x PREFACE .................................................................................................................................................xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 History and Usage ............................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Rationale for Study ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Overview and Scope ......................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS ...................................................................10 2.1 Inorganic Synthesis Methods .....................................................................................10 2.1.1 Hydrothermal Synthesis .............................................................................10 2.1.2 Ambient Synthesis ........................................................................................11 2.1.2.1 Evaporation .................................................................................. 11 2.1.2.2 Diffusion ......................................................................................... 13 2.2 Materials Characterization ..........................................................................................16 CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW OF HEXAVALENT URANIUM GERMANATES AND SILICATES ..........................................................................................................................22 3.1 Introduction to the Crystal Chemistry of Hexavalent Uranium ....................22 3.2 Overview of Germanium and Silicon Occurrence, Coordination and Structures ....................................................................................................................25 3.3 Structural descriptions of uranyl germanates .....................................................27 3.3.1 Sheets containing isolated tetrahedra ..................................................27 3.3.2 Frameworks containing isolated tetrahedra ......................................27 3.3.3 Frameworks containing dimers of tetrahedra ...................................28 3.3.4 Frameworks containing chains of tetrahedra ....................................28 3.3.5 Frameworks containing rings of tetrahedra .......................................29 3.4 Structural descriptions of uranyl silicates.............................................................34 3.4.1 Sheets containing isolated tetrahedra: The uranophane-group minerals .........................................................................................................34 3.4.2 Sheets containing rings of tetrahedra ...................................................37 3.4.3 Frameworks containing isolated tetrahedra ......................................37 iii 3.4.4 Frameworks containing dimers of tetrahedra ...................................37 3.4.5 Frameworks containing chains of tetrahedra ....................................38 3.4.6 Frameworks containing rings of tetrahedra .......................................38 3.5 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................45 CHAPTER 4: SYNTHESES, STRUCTURES, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN OPEN- FRAMEWORK URANYL GERMANATE ...............................................................................48 4.1 Experimental Section .....................................................................................................49 4.2 Results .................................................................................................................................59 4.3 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................62 CHAPTER 5: U(VI) URANYL CATION-CATION INTERACTIONS IN FRAMEWORK GERMANATES .............................................................................................................................64 5.1 Experimental Section .....................................................................................................66 5.2 Results .................................................................................................................................83 5.3 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................87 CHAPTER 6: CONTROLLED NUCLEATION AND GROWTH OF CALCITE IN AN AQUEOUS SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................91 6.1 Synthesis Review .............................................................................................................92 6.1.1 Aqueous-Inorganic .......................................................................................92 6.1.2 Organic-Mediated Aqueous-Inorganic ..................................................92 6.1.3 Template/Seed Aqueous-Inorganic .......................................................93 6.1.4 Mechanical Modification.............................................................................94 6.2 Experimental Section .....................................................................................................94 6.3 Results and Discussion ..................................................................................................99 CHAPTER 7: INORGANIC CONTROLS ON NEPTUNIUM MOBILITY IN THE SUBSURFACE VIA CRYSTAL GROWTH .......................................................................... 105 7.1 Methods ........................................................................................................................... 110 7.2 Results .............................................................................................................................. 117 7.3 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 123 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK ............................................................... 128 8.1 Importance of this research ..................................................................................... 128 8.2 Uranyl Germanates ...................................................................................................... 129 8.3 Neptunium Incorporation ........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Uraninite Alteration in an Oxidizing Environment and Its Relevance to the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel
    TECHNICAL REPORT 91-15 Uraninite alteration in an oxidizing environment and its relevance to the disposal of spent nuclear fuel Robert Finch, Rodney Ewing Department of Geology, University of New Mexico December 1990 SVENSK KÄRNBRÄNSLEHANTERING AB SWEDISH NUCLEAR FUEL AND WASTE MANAGEMENT CO BOX 5864 S-102 48 STOCKHOLM TEL 08-665 28 00 TELEX 13108 SKB S TELEFAX 08-661 57 19 original contains color illustrations URANINITE ALTERATION IN AN OXIDIZING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL Robert Finch, Rodney Ewing Department of Geology, University of New Mexico December 1990 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports from 1977-1978 (TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR 81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32) and 1989 (TR 89-40) is available through SKB. URANINITE ALTERATION IN AN OXIDIZING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL Robert Finch Rodney Ewing Department of Geology University of New Mexico Submitted to Svensk Kämbränslehantering AB (SKB) December 21,1990 ABSTRACT Uraninite is a natural analogue for spent nuclear fuel because of similarities in structure (both are fluorite structure types) and chemistry (both are nominally UOJ. Effective assessment of the long-term behavior of spent fuel in a geologic repository requires a knowledge of the corrosion products produced in that environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic DFT Study of the Structure, Raman Spectrum and Mechanical
    Periodic DFT Study of the Structure, Raman Spectrum and Mechanical Properties of Schoepite Mineral Francisco Colmeneroa*, Joaquín Cobosb and Vicente Timóna aInstituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC). C/ Serrano, 113. 28006 – Madrid, Spain. bCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT). Avda/ Complutense, 40. 28040 – Madrid, Spain. Orcid Francisco Colmenero: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-0735 Orcid Joaquín Cobos: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-7617 Orcid Vicente Timón: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7572 *E-mail: [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT The structure and Raman spectrum of schoepite mineral, [(UO2)8O2(OH)12] · 12 H2O, was studied by means of theoretical calculations. The computations were carried out by using Density Functional Theory with plane waves and pseudopotentials. A norm-conserving pseudopotential specific for the uranium atom developed in a previous work was employed. Since it was not possible to locate hydrogen atoms directly from X-ray diffraction data by structure refinement in the previous experimental studies, all the positions of the hydrogen atoms in the full unit cell were determined theoretically. The structural results, including the lattice parameters, bond lengths, bond angles and X-ray powder pattern were found in good agreement with their experimental counterparts. However, the calculations performed using the unit cell designed by Ostanin and Zeller in 2007, involving half of the atoms of the full unit cell, leads to significant errors in the computed X-ray powder pattern. Furthermore, Ostanin and Zeller’s unit cell contains hydronium ions, + H3O , that are incompatible with the experimental information. Therefore, while the use of this schoepite model may be a very useful approximation requiring a much smaller amount of computational effort, the full unit cell should be used to study this mineral accurately.
    [Show full text]
  • STRONG and WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS of TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS and THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth a Dissertati
    STRONG AND WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Scott C. Warren James F. Cahoon Wei You Joanna M. Atkin Matthew K. Brennaman © 2018 Tyler William Farnsworth ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Tyler William Farnsworth: Strong and weak interlayer interactions of two-dimensional materials and their assemblies (Under the direction of Scott C. Warren) The ability to control the properties of a macroscopic material through systematic modification of its component parts is a central theme in materials science. This concept is exemplified by the assembly of quantum dots into 3D solids, but the application of similar design principles to other quantum-confined systems, namely 2D materials, remains largely unexplored. Here I demonstrate that solution-processed 2D semiconductors retain their quantum-confined properties even when assembled into electrically conductive, thick films. Structural investigations show how this behavior is caused by turbostratic disorder and interlayer adsorbates, which weaken interlayer interactions and allow access to a quantum- confined but electronically coupled state. I generalize these findings to use a variety of 2D building blocks to create electrically conductive 3D solids with virtually any band gap. I next introduce a strategy for discovering new 2D materials. Previous efforts to identify novel 2D materials were limited to van der Waals layered materials, but I demonstrate that layered crystals with strong interlayer interactions can be exfoliated into few-layer or monolayer materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Clarkeite: New Chemical and Structural Data
    American Mineralogist, Volume 82, pages 607±619, 1997 Clarkeite: New chemical and structural data ROBERT J. FINCH* AND RODNEY C. EWING Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Clarkeite crystallizes during metasomatic replacement of pegmatitic uraninite by late- stage, oxidizing hydrothermal ¯uids. Samples are zoned compositionally: Clarkeite, which is Na rich, surrounds a K-rich core (commonly with remnant uraninite) and is surrounded by more Ca-rich material; volumetrically, clarkeite is most abundant. Clarkeite is hexag- onal (space group Rm3Å )a53.954(4), c 5 17.73(1) AÊ (Z 5 3). The structure of clarkeite is based on anionic sheets of the form [(UO2)(O,OH)2]. The sheets are bonded to each other through interlayer cations and H2O molecules. The empirical formula for clarkeite from the Fanny Gouge mine near Spruce Pine, North Carolina, is: {Na0.733K0.029Ca0.021Sr0.009Y0.024Th0.006Pb0.058}S0.880[(UO2)0.942O0.918(OH)1.082](H2O)0.069. Na predominates and the Pb is radiogenic. The general formula for clarkeite is 21 31 41 {(Na,K)pMMMPbqr s x}[(UO2)1 2 xO1 2 y(OH)1 1 y](H2O)z where Na .. K and p . (q 1 r 1 s). The number of O22 ions and OH groups in the structural unit is determined by the net charge of the interlayer cations (except Pb): y 5 1 2 (p 1 2q 1 3r 1 4s). This suggests that the ideal formula for ideal end-member clarkeite is Na[(UO2)O(OH)](H2O)0-1.
    [Show full text]
  • Vibrational Spectroscopic Study of Hydrated Uranyl Oxide: Curite Ray L
    This is the author version of article published as: Frost, Ray L. and Cejka, Jiri and Ayoko, Godwin A. and Weier, Matt L. (2007) Vibrational spectroscopic study of hydrated uranyl oxide: curite. Polyhedron 26(14):pp. 3724-3730. Copyright 2007 Elsevier Vibrational spectroscopic study of hydrated uranyl oxide: curite Ray L. Frost 1*, Jiří Čejka 1,2 , Godwin A. Ayoko 1 and Matt L. Weier 1 1. Inorganic Materials Research Program, School of physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. 2. National Museum, Václavské náměstí 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic. Abstract Raman and infrared spectra of the uranyl oxyhydroxide hydrate: curite is reported. 2+ Observed bands are attributed to the (UO2) stretching and bending vibrations, U-OH - bending vibrations, H2O and (OH) stretching, bending and librational modes. U-O bond lengths in uranyls and O-H…O bond lengths are calculated from the wavenumbers assigned to the stretching vibrations. These bond lengths are close to the values inferred and/or predicted from the X-ray single crystal structure. The complex hydrogen-bonding network arrangement was proved in the structures of the curite minerals. This hydrogen bonding contributes to the stability of these uranyl minerals. Key words: curite, uranyl mineral, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, U-O bond lengths in uranyl, hydrogen-bonding network Introduction The lead uranyl oxide hydrate minerals, PbUOHs, are a group of natural uranyl oxide hydrates that are formed and therefore are also present in oxidized zones of geologically old uranium deposits, owing to the buildup of radiogenic divalent Pb2+ [1-3].
    [Show full text]
  • SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS of URANIUM SPECIATION MODELING in GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS with a FOCUS on MOBILITY Andrew Scott Clemson University
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 12-2010 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF URANIUM SPECIATION MODELING IN GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS WITH A FOCUS ON MOBILITY Andrew Scott Clemson University Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Scott, Andrew, "SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF URANIUM SPECIATION MODELING IN GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS WITH A FOCUS ON MOBILITY" (2010). All Dissertations. 635. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/635 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF URANIUM SPECIATION MODELING IN GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS WITH A FOCUS ON MOBILITY __________________________ A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate School of Clemson University __________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Engineering and Science __________________________ by Andrew Lee Scott December 2010 __________________________ Accepted by: Dr. Timothy A. DeVol, Committee Chair Dr. Alan W. Elzerman Dr. Robert A. Fjeld Dr. Brian A. Powell ABSTRACT Uranium is an important natural resource used in production of nuclear reactor fuel and nuclear weapons. The mining and processing of uranium has left a legacy of environmental contamination that remains to be addressed. There has been considerable interest in manipulating the oxidation state of uranium in order to put it into an environmentally immobile form. Uranium forms two stable oxidation states in nature, uranium (IV) being much less soluble than uranium (VI), and therefore the preferred state with regard to limiting the potential exposure of man.
    [Show full text]
  • New Data on Minerals
    Russian Academy of Science Fersman Mineralogical Museum Volume 39 New Data on Minerals Founded in 1907 Moscow Ocean Pictures Ltd. 2004 ISBN 5900395626 UDC 549 New Data on Minerals. Moscow.: Ocean Pictures, 2004. volume 39, 172 pages, 92 color images. EditorinChief Margarita I. Novgorodova. Publication of Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Science. Articles of the volume give a new data on komarovite series minerals, jarandolite, kalsilite from Khibiny massif, pres- ents a description of a new occurrence of nikelalumite, followed by articles on gemnetic mineralogy of lamprophyl- lite barytolamprophyllite series minerals from IujaVritemalignite complex of burbankite group and mineral com- position of raremetaluranium, berrillium with emerald deposits in Kuu granite massif of Central Kazakhstan. Another group of article dwells on crystal chemistry and chemical properties of minerals: stacking disorder of zinc sulfide crystals from Black Smoker chimneys, silver forms in galena from Dalnegorsk, tetragonal Cu21S in recent hydrothermal ores of MidAtlantic Ridge, ontogeny of spiralsplit pyrite crystals from Kursk magnetic Anomaly. Museum collection section of the volume consist of articles devoted to Faberge lapidary and nephrite caved sculp- tures from Fersman Mineralogical Museum. The volume is of interest for mineralogists, geochemists, geologists, and to museum curators, collectors and ama- teurs of minerals. EditorinChief Margarita I .Novgorodova, Doctor in Science, Professor EditorinChief of the volume: Elena A.Borisova, Ph.D Editorial Board Moisei D. Dorfman, Doctor in Science Svetlana N. Nenasheva, Ph.D Marianna B. Chistyakova, Ph.D Elena N. Matvienko, Ph.D Мichael Е. Generalov, Ph.D N.A.Sokolova — Secretary Translators: Dmitrii Belakovskii, Yiulia Belovistkaya, Il'ya Kubancev, Victor Zubarev Photo: Michael B.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Paragenesis of Uranium Minerals Robert Finch Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Ave
    3 Systematics and Paragenesis of Uranium Minerals Robert Finch Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Ave. Argonne, Illinois 60439 Takashi Murakami Mineralogical Institute University of Japan Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan INTRODUCTION Approximately five percent of all known minerals contain U as an essential structural constituent (Mandarino 1999). Uranium minerals display a remarkable structural and chemical diversity. The chemical diversity, especially at the Earth’s surface, results from different chemical conditions under which U minerals are formed. U minerals are therefore excellent indicators of geochemical environments, which are closely related to geochemical element cycles. For example, detrital uraninite and the absence of uranyl minerals at the Earth’s surface during the Precambrian are evidence for an anoxic atmosphere before about 2 Ga (Holland 1984, 1994; Fareeduddin 1990; Rasmussen and Buick 1999). The oxidation and dissolution of U minerals contributes U to geochemical fluids, both hydrothermal and meteoric. Under reducing conditions, U transport is likely to be measured in fractions of a centimeter, although F and Cl complexes can stabilize U(IV) in solution (Keppler and Wyllie 1990). Where conditions are sufficiently oxidizing to stabilize 2+ the uranyl ion, UO2 , and its complexes, U can migrate many kilometers from its source in altered rocks, until changes in solution chemistry lead to precipitation of U minerals. Where oxidized U contacts more reducing conditions, U can be reduced to form uraninite, coffinite, or brannerite. The precipitation of U(VI) minerals can occur in a wide variety of environments, resulting in an impressive variety of uranyl minerals. Because uraninite dissolution can be rapid in oxidizing, aqueous environments, the oxidative dissolution of uraninite caused by weathering commonly leads to the development of a complex array of uranyl minerals in close association with uraninite.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Equilibrium Data for the Uranium(IV) Thiocyanate System
    Group 14 compounds and complexes 333 Table V.45: Experimental equilibrium data for the uranium(IV) thiocyanate system. t β(a) β◦(b) Method Ionic log10 q log10 q Reference Medium (◦C) U4+ +SCN− USCN3+ emf 0.6 M HClO4 20 1.49 ± 0.03 2.97 ± 0.06 [54AHR/LAR2] +0.4 MNaClO4 dis 1.00 M HClO4 10 1.78 [55DAY/WIL] (c) 1.00 M NaClO4 25 1.49 ± 0.20 2.97 ± 0.21 1.00 M NaClO4 40 1.30 ............................. 4+ − 2+ U + 2SCN U(SCN)2 emf 0.6 M HClO4 20 1.95 ± 0.17 4.20 ± 0.22 [54AHR/LAR2] +0.4 MNaClO4 dis 1.00 M HClO4 10 2.30 [55DAY/WIL] (c) 1.00 M NaClO4 25 2.11 ± 0.30 4.36 ± 0.30 1.00 M NaClO4 40 1.98 ............................. 4+ − + U + 3SCN U(SCN)3 emf 0.6 M HClO4 20 2.2 [54AHR/LAR2] +0.4 MNaClO4 β (a) log10 q refers to the equilibrium and the ionic strength given in the table. β◦ I (b) log10 q is the corresponding value corrected to = 0 at 298.15 K. (c) Uncertainty estimated by this review. H◦ q − ± · −1 ∆r m(V.176, = 1, 298.15 K) = (27 8) kJ mol H◦ q − ± · −1 ∆r m(V.176, = 2, 298.15 K) = (18 4) kJ mol These values are used to derive the enthalpies of formation of the two complexes 3+ 2+ USCN and U(SCN)2 : H◦ 3+, , . − . ± . · −1 ∆f m(USCN aq 298 15 K) = (541 8 9 5) kJ mol H◦ 2+, , .
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Revision 1 1 2 the New K, Pb-Bearing Uranyl-Oxide Mineral
    1 Revision 1 2 3 The new K, Pb-bearing uranyl-oxide mineral kroupaite: crystal-chemical implications for 4 the structures of uranyl-oxide hydroxy-hydrates 5 1§ 2 3 4 5 6 JAKUB PLÁŠIL , ANTHONY R. KAMPF , TRAVIS A. OLDS , JIŘÍ SEJKORA , RADEK ŠKODA , 3 4 7 PETER C. BURNS AND JIŘÍ ČEJKA 8 9 1 Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 1999/2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic 10 2 Mineral Sciences Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition 11 Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA 12 3 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre 13 Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA 14 4 Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, Prague 9 - 15 Horní Počernice, 193 00, Czech Republic 16 5 Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 17 37, Brno, Czech Republic 18 19 ABSTRACT 20 Kroupaite (IMA2017-031), ideally KPb0.5[(UO2)8O4(OH)10]·10H2O, is a new uranyl-oxide 21 hydroxyl-hydrate mineral found underground in the Svornost mine, Jáchymov, Czechia. 22 Electron-probe microanalysis (WDS) provided the empirical formula 23 (K1.28Na0.07)Σ1.35(Pb0.23Cu0.14Ca0.05Bi0.03Co0.02Al0.01)Σ0.48[(UO2)7.90(SO4)0.04O4.04(OH)10.00]·10H2O, 24 basis of 40 O atoms apfu. Sheets in the crystal structure of kroupaite adopt the fourmarierite 25 anion topology, and therefore kroupaite belongs to the schoepite-family of minerals with related 26 structures differing in the interlayer composition and arrangement, and charge of the sheets.
    [Show full text]
  • Uranium Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Exploration and Resources Uranium Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Exploration and Resources
    Uranium geochemistry, mineralogy, geology, exploration and resources Uranium geochemistry, mineralogy, geology, exploration and resources Edited by B. De Vivo, F. Ippolito, G. Capaldi and P. R. Simpson The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy © The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy 1984 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6062-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6060-2 001: 10.1007/978-94-009-6060-2 UDC 550.4:553.495.2 Published at the offices of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy 44 Portland Place London WI England Introduction Since then the uranium market has been subject to two other turning points that, in the course of a few years, have made this The uranium minerals that today are at the centre of worldwide metal an essential raw material. attention were unknown until 1780, when Wagsfort found a First, the destructive property of fission reactions made pitchblende sample in 10hanngeorgenstadt. This discovery uranium a metal of fundamental strategic importance, increas­ passed unnoticed, however, since Wags fort thought that it ing research in some nations, but the revolution came with the contained a black species of a zinc mineral-hence the n':lme plan for the real possibility of utilizing chain reactions for 'pitchblende' (= pitch-like blende). Seven years later, Klaproth, energy production in place of conventional fuels. while examining the mineral, noted that it contained an oxide Since that time a 'uranium race' has been in progress in many of an unknown metal, which he called 'uranium' in honour of countries-often justified by the well-founded hope of the planet Uranus, recently discovered by Herschel.
    [Show full text]
  • New Mineral Names*
    American Mineralogist, Volume 69, pages 565-569, 1984 NEW MINERAL NAMES* PETE J. DUNN, GEORGE Y. CHAO, JOEL D. GRICE, JAMES A. FERRAIOLO, MICHAEL FLEISCHER, ADOLF PABST, AND JANET A. ZILCZER Aeschynite-(Nd) As 1.63PO.46030. 9.16 H20, suggests an ideal formula of (Pb,Ba)(U02)6(BiO)4[(As,P)04h(OH)12 . 3H20, with Pb > Ba Zhang Peishan and Tao Kejie (1982) Aeschynite-(Nd). Scientia and As > P. Asselbornite is slowly soluble in dilute HCl. Geologica Sinica, No.4, 424-428 (in Chinese with English X-ray examination shows the mineral to be isometric, space abstract). group Im3m, 1432, 1m3 or 123, a = 15.66.A, Z = 4. The strongest Wet chemical and X-ray fluorescence analyses of six samples X-ray diffractions (26 given) are: 6.39(30)(211), 5.536(40)(220), were provided. Analyses 3 and 6 correspond to: (3) [Lao.osCeo.29 4.520(70)(222), 4.185(100)(321), 3.691(60)(330), 3.501(35)(420), Pr 0.06N d 0.30Sm o.os (Eu, Gd) 0.04Dy 0.02Y 0.03Ca 0.19N a o.os Mg 0.04, 3.196(80)(422), 2.609(40)(600)(442), 1.988(25)(651)(732). Tho.02h:- 1.14(Til.ooNbo.s2Fe~~Alo.04Sio.04)1:= 1.99(Os.620Ho.3s). (6) The mineral is found in association with metauranospinite, (Ceo.16Pro.06NdoAoSmO.IOEuo.oI Gdo.03IY 0.04Tho.11 Cao.osMgo.03 uranophane and uranosphaerite in quartz gangue from Schnee- Nao.ol)1:==l.oo(Til.29Nbo.ssFe~1K>Alo.os Tao.02)1:==2.oo(OsAsOHo.ss).
    [Show full text]