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Isotope Results from Lapland-Kola Province in Finland

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Isotope Results from Lapland-Kola Province in Finland Geological Survey of Finland 2019 Isotope results from Lapland-Kola province in Finland Hannu Huhma GTK Open File Research Report 37/2019 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND Open File Research Report 37/2019 Hannu Huhma Isotope results from Lapland-Kola province in Finland Unless otherwise indicated, the figures have been prepared by the author of the publication. Front cover: Sm-Nd isotopic evidence for the origin of crust in Lapland-Kola province, Finland. Layout: Elvi Turtiainen Oy Espoo 2019 Huhma, H. 2019. Isotope results from Lapland-Kola province in Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Open file research report 37/2019, 44 pages, 52 figures, 1 table and 7 appendices. Abundant isotopic data have been obtained from the Inari-Utsjoki area since the 1970’s. Many older results have recently been confirmed by U-Pb spot analyses. This paper reports on the abundant isotopic data now available on the Lapland-Kola Province in Finland. The U-Pb data on zircon include old U-Pb TIMS analyses from nearly 70 samples, together with more recent ICP-MS spot analyses on 20 samples. The old Pb-Pb TIMS data are presented from ca. 50 whole rocks and 30 K-feldspar separates. The previously unpublished Sm-Nd data produced at GTK consist of ca. 60 analyses. These data together with the results from the published papers provide the basis for understanding the geo- logical evolution of the Lapland-Kola Province. The main results include: -Archean gneisses occur in the Inarijärvi complex and Kevo window. Based on Pb-Pb isotope data from whole rocks and K-felspar and U-Pb ages on titanite the Archean rocks show strong 1.9 Ga metamorphic effects. -2.5 Ga rocks occur in two belts, in the Vuotso complex S-SW of granulites continuing further south to the Koitelainen area, and in the western border zone of the Archaean Inarijärvi complex. -Lapland-Kola Province east of granulites contains significant amount of 1.94-1.91 Ga juvenile crust with arc affinities. -Lapland granulite belt is characterised by migmatitic metasediments, 1.91-1.93 Ga enderbites and 1.904 Ga appinites. The metasediments were derived from 1.94-2.9 Ga sources and contain 1.91 Ga monazites and slightly younger metamorphic zircon con- current with the closure of the Sm-Nd system in garnet. The appinites are undeformed and set the lower age limit to the deformation of the granulite belt. Appendices are available at: http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/aineistotallenne/37_2019.zip Keywords: Finland, Lapland-Kola Province, juvenile crust, absolute age, U-Pb, Sm-Nd, Pb-Pb Hannu Huhma Geological Survey of Finland P.O. Box 96 FI-02151 Espoo, Finland E-mail: [email protected] 2 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2 ANALYTICAL METHODS ............................................................................................................................... 4 3 GEOLOGICAL SETTING ................................................................................................................................. 4 4 PREVIOUS RESULTS OBTAINED USING HOME-MADE TIMS ................................................................... 5 5 U-PB RESULTS FROM ARCHAEAN INARIJÄRVI COMPLEX....................................................................... 6 6 U-PB RESULTS FROM PALEOPROTEROZOIC ROCKS: SILISJOKI & LUOSSAVARRI SUITES AND KAAMANEN COMPLEX ................................................................................................................................12 7 U-PB RESULTS FROM LAPLAND GRANULITE COMPLEX ENDERBITES, PARAGNEISSES AND DYKES ...................................................................................................................... 20 8 U-PB RESULTS FROM VASKOJOKI ANORTHOSITE AND VUOTSO COMPLEX ....................................... 28 9 SM-ND RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................ 34 10 PB-PB RESULTS ...........................................................................................................................................35 11 CONCLUDING REMARKS .............................................................................................................................37 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 39 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 39 3 Geological Survey of Finland, Open File Research Report 37/2019 Hannu Huhma 1 INTRODUCTION Our understanding of the geological evolution of Lapland-Kola province have also been published by the Lapland-Kola Province in Finland was largely Bernard-Griffiths et al. (1984), Barbey et al. (1984), based on the comprehensive isotopic studies (U-Pb, Daly et al. (2001, 2006), Tuisku & Huhma (2006), Pb-Pb and Rb-Sr) performed by GTK in the early Tuisku et al. (2012), and most recently by Lahtinen 1970s. The main results were reported by Meriläinen & Huhma (2019). (1976), but no isotopic data were included in the The aim of this paper is to report on the avail- paper. Recent studies using U-Pb spot analyses able U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb data on the Lapland- on zircon have largely confirmed the old findings Kola province together with the main implications but together with Sm-Nd results also introduced of these reported results. new views on the topic. Relevant results from the 2 ANALYTICAL METHODS The oldest U-Pb analyses in this report are from ICPMS analyses follow those in Huhma et al. (2012a, the 1960s, when mineral decomposition was under- 2012b, 2018), who also report procedures used for taken using the borax fusion method (Kouvo 1958). TIMS U-Pb and Sm-Nd analyses. The images of zir- Since the early 1970s, the procedure described by con analysed by laser ICPMS are shown in the data Krogh (1973) was adopted for multi-grain U-Pb tables to the right of the analytical results. Plotting analyses. The bulk of the old TIMS U-Pb analy- of the isotopic data and age calculations was per- ses in this paper were conducted by Dr. O. Kouvo formed using the Isoplot/Ex 3 program (Ludwig (unpublished reports). The methods used for laser 2003). 3 GEOLOGICAL SETTING In Finland the Lapland–Kola Province covers the granulite complex and Kaamanen complex corre- northernmost part of the country. In the bedrock spond to the Lapland Granulite Belt (Fig. 1, Nironen map of Finland (Korsman et al. 1997), the area et al. 2016, Luukas et al. 2017). consisted of the Inari Complex and the Lapland The western boundary zone between the Lapland Granulite Belt. In the recent Finstrati compila- granulite complex and the Central Lapland area has tion the Archaean Inarijärvi complex and the been called the Tanaelv belt or, in the recent geo- Paleoproterozoic Silisjoki and Luossavarri suites logical map, the Vuotso complex (Luukas et al 2017). correspond to the Inari Complex while the Lapland 4 Geological Survey of Finland, Open File Research Report 37/2019 Isotope results from Lapland-Kola province in Finland Fig. 1. The main lithodemic units of the Lapland-Kola Province according to Finstrati (Luukas et al. 2017). 4 PREVIOUS RESULTS OBTAINED USING HOME-MADE TIMS The results obtained 40 years ago by Kouvo using – In the Lapland granulite belt meta-igneous rocks U-Pb on zircon, titanite and monazite include: have zircon ages of 1.91-1.93 Ga, whereas meta- – The Archaean Inari gneisses have zircon age sedimentary rocks provided heterogeneous zir- estimates 2.5-2.7 Ga, whereas titanites in these con populations with Pb/Pb ages of 2.0-2.15 Ga; samples are ca. 1.9 Ga. This is exceptional within monazites are ca. 1.91 Ga. the Archaean granitoids in Finland and sug- The Pb-Pb data on whole rocks and K-feldspar gests a strong 1.9 Ga thermal overprinting on suggested that: the Archaean crust NE of the granulite belt. In – The whole rock Pb-Pb age on the Archaean contrast, titanite in an Archaean rock on the gneisses is ca. 2.6 Ga, whereas K-feldspars in southern side of the granulite belt is Archaean. these rocks register Paleoproterozoic Pb isotopic – Quartz dioritic gneisses in Utsjoki, east of the compositions. granulite belt (Kuorboaivi belt in Meriläinen – The whole rock K-feldspar age estimate for the 1976) provide zircon age estimates of ca. 1.93 “1.93 Ga” (Kuorboaivi) rocks is 1.96 ± 0.14 Ga. Ga (mostly one discordant analysis/ sample). No The initial Pb isotopic composition suggests a indications of Archaean ages are found within juvenile Proterozoic source. this area. 5 Geological Survey of Finland, Open File Research Report 37/2019 Hannu Huhma 5 U-PB RESULTS FROM ARCHAEAN INARIJÄRVI COMPLEX The U-Pb data are available on fourteen mostly age 207Pb/206Pb age of 1.96 Ga suggests strong gneissic samples from the Archaean Inarijärvi Paleoproterozoic effect on this Archaean gneiss complex. In addition to old multi-grain TIMS data, (Fig. 3). zircon from three samples have been analyzed by The Käräjäsaari gneiss (A576) is located c. 4 km LA-MC-ICPMS. All data including isotope dia- SW from Kuorpasaari. The eight multi-grain TIMS grams are given in Appendix 1 and sample location analyses by Kouvo on euhedral elongated zircon in Figure 2. yield a chord, which gives an upper intercept age The old six TIMS analyses on zircon from the of 2744 ± 26 Ma (Fig. 4). Kuorpasaari gneiss (A167)
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