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Nitrate Deposits of the United States

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Nitrate Deposits of the United States UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Ray Lyman Wjlbiir, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Bulletin 838 NITRATE DEPOSITS OF THE UNITED STATES BY G. R. MANSFIELD AND LEONA BOARDMAN '<><£.- UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1932 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 40 cents .. ;,,:-g.4-0 i » »» .«...«<> «» * «,» < 9 * * « « » «« « CONTENTS Page ** Introduction. ___________________ ___________________________ 1 Principal types of nitrate deposits_________ _-_.-_________._____ _ 2 Cave deposits... .. __________ _____________________ 2 Caliche deposits.-- __________________________________ __ 3 Playa deposits.-------.-------- ___--_-__-_.______-___-____ 3 Origin of nitrates ___ ______________________________________ 3 Commercial importance of nitrate deposits___---__-___-__-_--___--___ 8 » Conclusions regarding commercial development ____ __ ._ __ _-.__ 9 Prospecting for nitrate _____ ___________________________________ 10 Brown-ring nitrate test. , . _______________________________ 10 Materials. _____-_--- ____________ _________________ 10 * Procedure..-.-.--- - _______________________ ___ ... 11 Nitrate deposits by States 12 Alabama.--.-. ---__-__-----_- _____________ ____.__._ 12 ^ Lawrence County.. ___ ________________ ________ 12 Winston County... _.__ _______________________ _ 15 Arizona. ________ __ _____________________________ 15 Cochise County _______ _ _________ ___ ____ 15 Coconino County..... _________________________________ 16 Gila and Final Counties _. ._ ._ 17 & Greenlee County 18 Pinal County __ ._ .. _____________ ________ 18 Santa Cruz County _ --_-________---___-_---_.__..________ 20 4 Yavapai County..- ____________________________________ 21 Arkansas __________________________________ _________ 21 Baxter, Marion, Newton, and Stone Counties __ _____________ 21 Benton, Carroll, and Madison Counties.-.--.--... -..____.___ 22 ^- Johnson County (?)________________________._ __ _____ __ 22 Marion County... ______________ _________ ._ 22 *¥ Pope County ____ __ _______________________ 23 Searcy County ______________________________________ 23 California.--.---------------.. __ ___---_-__---.___-.._. 23 Imperial County____-.____________________________________ 23 Inyo County---------.... .__.._.___._________.___..._. 23 y Kern County.---.--- ______________ _-______.____.. 25 Merced County..-. ___-_--.._- _ _____________________ 25 * Modoc County. ____ ____ __________________ 26 Riverside County_____-___________________________________ 26 * San Bernardino County._________._. ____________ _ ____ __ 26 Tulare County _______ ___________ __ __ ____ 29 Summary for California _ _________________________________ 29 Colorado ________________ ___ ____ ______ _____ 30 General features..... ...-__-___.__-__________________.____ 30 *,, Teller County (?) ______ -_-.__ __ ________________ ___ 31 in IV CONTENTS Nitrate deposits by States Continued. Page Idaho..........._______ _______---_.--___.--_-_--_--_---.. 31 Bannock County.________________________________ 31 Bingham County____._ -.____-.______- _ _ 32 Blaine County_________-____- __________________ _ 33 Bonneville County ___-_' ________________ ______ 33 Caribou County_____---___-------_-----__------_--------_ 33 Clark County....__ _._.-__--_-____ 34 Custer County_____ ________ ____ 34 Elmore County. 34 Fremont County_______--_-_- __ ______ ___ 35 Owyhee County, Idaho, and Malheur County, Oreg__ ___ 35 Jackson County_________________________ _______ 36 Indiana... ______________ _____ __ ________ 36 Crawford and Monroe Counties________________ .___ 36 Harrison County______________ _______ __ ; 36 Kentucky ___________ ___________ _ 37 Carter County_______________________________ ____ 37 Edmonson County___----_-____---_____- _____-_.___._ 37 Missouri_._____________._- ________ _______________ 37 Barry County____ _____________.____.____ 37 Callaway, Maries, Ozark, and Pulaski Counties_____________ 37 Montana______________ __________ _________ __ 37 Deerlodge and Ravalli Counties___________________________ 37 Fergus County____ ._ _ _ __ 37 Gallatin County_______._______________ ______.:-___ 37 Silver Bow County.. ___________ ___________ 38 Nevada______________ L ____________________.__ 39 Churchill and Pershing Counties. __-. 39 Clark County...__________________________'___ 39 Clark County or Nye County__________ _______________ 39 Esmeralda County._____________________________________ 40 Humboldt County___.______________________________ 40 Lincoln County________________________ 40 Mineral County_--__------_____-___-_____-_-_____-_-____._ 40 Nye County.__-_____-_______________________ __.__.______- 40 Washoe County___«-___-_____.______________.___________ 41 New Mexico._______________________________________________ 41 Dona Ana County____-_-____._-_____ ________________ 41 Eddy County________________________..... 42 Hidalgo County___________________-________--____. 42 Hidalgo County (?)__-______________.____._-_____-...... 45 Socorro County.__________________________________________ 45 North Carolina ___-______-- ______________________________ 47 Cherokee County«____---______--________________________ 47 Ohio... _--------____ --- _---_-_-___------_ --._-_ 47 Trumbul) County..____________________._..__.. 47 Oregon. ____.______________________________ 48 "* Crook and Deschutes Counties__-_-__-_____--__---___-_____- 48 Harney and Lake Counties._________________ _________ 49 Lake County___________-______ ____ __-___.-_.____ 50 ^ Lane County___-____-__- _____ ___________________ 50 Malheur County_______ ___ __ __ ______-_--___ 51 -» TJmatilla County (?)_ _______________________._ 52 CONTENTS V Nitrate deposits by States Continued. Page Pennsylvania________________---_-_---___-___-_-___-_____-_-__ 52 Tioga County..._____--_-..- ___-----_______ 52 Westmoreland County..-----.- -_---_-_____--_____._____ 62 Tennessee...-_--__.-__-_-__ __. ______ -_-_______ 52 Texas...____________________________________ 52 Brewster County._.__.______ _________-_____________.______ 53 Culberson County__..__>-._._________________________'___ 66 Hudspeth County_-___--__-_-_----_---__-___.__--__--__--_ 67 Lubbock County.-...__.__-____-_-.-_-___.__._._.......___ 68 Presidio County._________________________________________ 69 Reeves County____-___-__-__________-_-___-__-___________ 84 San Saba County____-______-'__-_-_----__________--_-_____ 85 Val Verde County__._-_-_-___ ___._.-._______-_... 94 Utah.._..._-------___ -_- _-------_._.__ 95 Beaver County________-__--_-_-_-_---__-______---___.____ 95 Grand County. ............ .._._........._____... 95 Iron County__-_-__-_-_-_-___-___---_-_-_--_-_-__---___-._ 96 Millard County.______________________________ 96 Piute County..___________________________ 96 Salt Lake County.____-------- __---__--_____.__ 96 Sanpete County_.__-___-_-_----_--_--__-_-_--___-.__--._ 96 Sevier County____________________________________________ 96 Summit County________________________________________ 97 Uintah County..______.___________________ 97 Utah County..___._____.___.-._.-_.-___._____ 97 Weber County (?)__.. ._....__. ._ ._._.._....__....... 97 Virginia_-________--__-_______--____-__----______-_-_-______-_ 97 Botetourt County.__..____.___......J..___________________ 97 Rockbridge County.___.__-____--____-___-_----.____-__-._ 97 Washington ___________________________________________________ 98 Grant County..._________-_--_-_._________ 98' West Virginia......._____..'__ _.----. ____-_-___ 98 Greenbrier, Monroe, and Pocahontas Counties..--...--------- 98 Mingo County---__-_-_--_-------_---___----__--_--__----_ 98 Pendleton County..____._____-_____________ 98 Raleigh County (?)...________________..______. 98 Wetzel County.._._____...__...__.__.______._ 98 Wyoming ____________________________________________________ 99 Converse County...._____--__--__-_--______--_-____--_-__ 99 Sweetwater County_______-__-_--_----_-_-_-_--_---_______ 99 Washakie County___-_____-__---__--------_--------_--_-_- 99 Summary of investigations________--______._._.____.__..._...._____ 99 Experience of prospecting companies.--.---------------------------- 100 The nitrate industry in the United States__-_--_-____4______.________ 100 United States Geological Survey publications on nitrate__________ ° 101 Index__________________...______--.________ 103 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Map of the United States, showing general location of nitrate -___-____----____-__----___-__-______________ 10 | 2. Nitrate-bearing sandstone ledges near Gum Pond, Lawrence County, Ala_______-_-____-_---_______________________ 10 .>, 3. Map of nitrate fields in California. ________________________ 26 4. Map of nitrate occurrences in Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas / _________________________________________________ In pocket-. 5. Map of part of Chisos Mountains quadrangle, Brewster County, * Tex ________ . ________________________ 58 6. Map of part of Maravillas quadrangle, Brewster County, Tex_ 58 7. Map of part of Agua Fria quadrangle, Brewster County, Tex_ 58 4 8. Map of part of Nine Point Mesa quadrangle, Brewster County, Tex_______________-__-_______________________________ 58 9. A, Sandstone ledges 6 miles northwest of Van Horn, Tex.; B} Nitrate prospect near Candelaria, Presidio County, Tex____ 74 4 10. Map of part of San Carlos quadrangle, Presidio County, Tex._ 74 11. Views of nitrate-bearing travertine near San Saba, Tex_ ______ 90 ~* FIGURE 1. Map showing location of Gum Pond niter prospects, Lawrence County, Ala _ __ ._-____-_. _ __ _ _____ ___ _______
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