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A GLOBAL HISTORY of EARLY MODERN VIOLENCE a Global History of Early Modern Violence

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A GLOBAL HISTORY of EARLY MODERN VIOLENCE a Global History of Early Modern Violence EDITED BY ERICA CHARTERS MARIE HOULLEMARE, AND PETER H. WILSON A GLOBAL HISTORY of EARLY MODERN VIOLENCE A global history of early modern violence A global history of early modern violence Edited by Erica Charters, Marie Houllemare, and Peter H. Wilson Manchester University Press Copyright © Manchester University Press 2020 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter may be reproduced wholly or in part without the express permission in writing of both author and publisher. This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, thanks to the support of Knowledge Unlatched, which permits non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction provided the author and Manchester University Press are fully cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Details of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/ Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 5261 4060 9 hardback First published 2020 The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Cover credit: Mohan, Son of Banwari, ‘The Pandava brothers do battle with the King of Anga’. Image © Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford Cover design: Abbey Akanbi, Manchester University Press Typeset by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire Contents List of figures, maps, and tables vii Notes on contributors ix Acknowledgements xiv Introduction: violence and the early modern world – Erica Charters, Marie Houllemare, and Peter H. Wilson 1 Part I: Coherence and fragmentation 17 1 ‘None could stand before him in the battle, none ever reigned so wisely as he’: the expansion and significance of violence in early modern Africa – Richard Reid 19 2 Both benevolent and brutal: the two sides of provincial violence in early modern Burma – Michael W. Charney 37 3 Village rebellion and social violence in early nineteenth-century Vietnam – Vũ Đức Liêm 52 4 Towards a political economy of conquest: the changing scale of warfare and the making of early colonial South Asia – Manu Sehgal 71 5 Ravages and depredations: raiding war and globalization in the early modern world – Brian Sandberg 88 vi Contents Part II: Restraint and excess 103 6 Breaking the Pax Hispanica: collective violence in colonial Spanish America – Anthony McFarlane 105 7 Restraining/encouraging violence: commerce, diplomacy, and brigandage on the steppe routes between the Ottoman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, and Russia, 1470s–1570s – Alexander Osipian 124 8 Restraining violence on the seas: the Tokugawa, the Zheng maritime network, and the Dutch East India Company – Adam Clulow and Xing Hang 142 9 ‘The wrath of God’: legitimization and limits of Mughal military violence in early modern South Asia – Pratyay Nath 161 Part III: Differentiation and identification 177 10 ‘Sacrificed to the madness of the bloodthirsty sabre’: violence and the Great Turkish War in the work of Romeyn de Hooghe – Michel van Duijnen 179 11 Atlantic slave systems and violence – Trevor Burnard 201 12 A ‘theatre of bloody carnage’: the revolt of Cairo and Revolutionary violence – Joseph Clarke 218 13 Conquer, extract, and perhaps govern: organic economies, logistics, and violence in the pre-industrial world – Wayne E. Lee 235 Select bibliography 261 Index 291 List of figures, maps, and tables Figures 10.1 News print on the capture of Belgrade by the Holy League in 1688. Romeyn de Hooghe, Belgrado met syn slot en voor-steden stormenderhand verovert door de keyserlyke machten. Den 6 sept: 1688. 1688. 46.6 cm × 58.1 cm. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam RP-P-OB-67.735. 185 10.2 Detail of news print on the fall of Belgrade. Romeyn de Hooghe, Belgrado met syn slot en voor-steden stormenderhand verovert door de keyserlyke machten. Den 6 sept: 1688. 1688. 46.6 cm × 58.1 cm. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam RP-P-OB-67.735. 186 10.3 Detail of news print on the capture of Buda by the Holy League in 1686. Romeyn de Hooghe, Belegering der sterke stad Buda of Offen, door de Keyserlycke en geallieerde machten. 1686. 1686. Noord-Hollands Archief, collection Voorhelm Schneevoogt, NL-HlmNHA_53009097_01 NL-HlmNHA_53009097_02. 188 10.4 Detail of news print on the fall of Belgrade. Romeyn de Hooghe, Belgrado met syn slot en voor-steden stormenderhand verovert door de keyserlyke machten. Den 6 sept: 1688. 1688. 46.6 cm × 58.1 cm. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam RP-P-OB-67.735. 188 10.5 Fictive triumphal entry of Leopold I to celebrate the Holy League’s capture of Buda. Romeyn de Hooghe, Divo et invictissimo Leopoldo I […]. 1686–87. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam RP-P-1930–231. 190 10.6 Satirical print on the events of the year 1687. Romeyn de Hooghe, Koning-Spel Courant op ‘t Jaer 1687, Amsterdam 1687–88. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam RP-P-OB-76.963. 192 viii List of figures, maps, and tables 10.7 Detail of Figure 10.6. Dunnewald impales an Ottoman soldier on his spear. 193 10.8 Detail of Figure 10.6. On the left, Janković before a hearth with roasted Turkish heads and limbs. On the right, the dwarf servant of the sultan’s cook dropping his food in the ashes of the hearth. 194 Maps 7.1 Trade routes between Moscow and Caffa in the 1470s–1570s. 127 13.1 Pasturage requirement for one year for one tümen of Mongolian warriors, at twenty-six sheep-equivalents per man. 244 13.2 Cherokee town clusters as they were c.1715. 249 13.3 Cherokee towns as of about 1760. Each cross indicates a town site that had existed in 1715. The thick line approximates the amount of territory abandoned by the Cherokees. 250 Tables 13.1 Conquest types in war between sedentary agricultural states 238 13.2 ‘Conquest’ types in war between steppe tribes 242 13.3 ‘Conquest’ types in war between Eastern Woodlands Native Americans 247 Notes on contributors Notes on contributors Trevor Burnard is Wilberforce Professor of Slavery and Emancipation at the University of Hull. He is the author of Jamaica in the Age of Revolution (2020), The Atlantic in World History, 1492–1830 (2019), The Plantation Machine: Atlantic Capitalism in French Saint Domingue and British Jamaica (2016), and Planters, Merchants and Slaves: Plantation Societies in British America, 1650–1820 (2015). He is editor in chief of the Oxford Online Bibliographies in Atlantic History. Michael W. Charney is Professor in the Department of History and the Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy at SOAS, the University of London, where he teaches on violence, warfare, and international security. He has published monographs on warfare in pre-modern Southeast Asia, the emer- gence of military, religious, and intellectual networks in precolonial Myanmar, Myanmar before and during the lengthy period of military rule, and the role of Royal Engineers in circulating approaches to imperial transportation to India and Myanmar. He is currently working on military culture and atrocities in contemporary Myanmar. Erica Charters is Associate Professor of Global History and the History of Medicine in the History Faculty of the University of Oxford and Director of Oxford’s Centre for Global History. She teaches on various aspects of the history of early modern empires, medicine, and war. Her monograph Disease, War, and the Imperial State (2014) won the Society for Army Historical Research (SAHR) 2014 Templer Medal for best first book and the American Association for the History of Medicine (AAHM) 2016 George Rosen Prize. As well as articles on various aspects x Notes on contributors of eighteenth-century war, she co-edited the interdisciplinary volume Civilians and War in Europe, 1618–1815 (2012). Joseph Clarke is Lecturer in European History at Trinity College Dublin. He is a historian of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods in France and Europe, and has published on the politics of memory in France, and the history of death, propaganda, and violence during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. His publications include Commemorating the Dead in Revolutionary France: Revolution and Remembrance, 1789–1799 (2007) and Militarized Cultural Encounters in the Long Nineteenth Century: Making War, Mapping Europe (edited with John Horne) (2018), along with articles and essays on the cultural politics of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic period. Adam Clulow is Associate Professor of History at the University of Texas. He is the author of The Company and the Shogun: The Dutch Encounter with Tokugawa Japan (2014) and Amboina, 1623: Fear and Conspiracy on the Edge of Empire (2019). He is the editor with Lauren Benton and Bain Attwood of Protection and Empire: A Global History (2017) and Statecraft and Spectacle in East Asia (2010, 2013). Michel van Duijnen is a historian specializing in the visual culture of violence in the early modern period. His PhD dissertation concerns the role of violence in late seventeenth-century Dutch print culture, specifically the high-quality and explicit book illustration produced in Amsterdam workshops. In 2019–20, he was a Johan Huizinga Fellow at the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, working on the imagination of violence in early seventeenth-century maritime paintings. Xing Hang is Associate Professor of History at Brandeis University. A specialist in early modern maritime East Asia, he has written books and articles on the Zheng family of merchants and militarists in south-eastern China and Taiwan. His current research looks at overseas Chinese communities in the Mekong River Delta and Gulf of Thailand regions.
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