DOCSLIB.ORG

GNU Emacs Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GNU Emacs Manual GNU Emacs Manual GNU Emacs Manual Fourteenth Edition, Updated for Emacs Version 21.3. Richard Stallman Copyright c 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Fourteenth Edition Updated for Emacs Version 21.3, March 2002 ISBN 1-882114-06-X Published by the Free Software Foundation 59 Temple Place, Suite 330 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sec- tions being \The GNU Manifesto", \Distribution" and \GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE", with the Front-Cover texts being \A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License." (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: \You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." Cover art by Etienne Suvasa. Preface 1 Preface This manual documents the use and simple customization of the Emacs editor. The reader is not expected to be a programmer; simple customiza- tions do not require programming skill. But the user who is not interested in customizing can ignore the scattered customization hints. This is primarily a reference manual, but can also be used as a primer. For complete beginners, it is a good idea to start with the on-line, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual. To run the tutorial, start Emacs and type C-h t. This way you can learn Emacs by using Emacs on a specially designed file which describes commands, tells you when to try them, and then explains the results you see. On first reading, just skim chapters 1 and 2, which describe the nota- tional conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the Emacs display screen. Note which questions are answered in these chapters, so you can refer back later. After reading chapter 4, you should practice the com- mands there. The next few chapters describe fundamental techniques and concepts that are used constantly. You need to understand them thoroughly, experimenting with them if necessary. Chapters 14 through 19 describe intermediate-level features that are use- ful for all kinds of editing. Chapter 20 and following chapters describe fea- tures that you may or may not want to use; read those chapters when you need them. Read the Trouble chapter if Emacs does not seem to be working prop- erly. It explains how to cope with some common problems (see Section 33.2 [Lossage], page 480), as well as when and how to report Emacs bugs (see Section 33.3 [Bugs], page 485). To find the documentation on a particular command, look in the index. Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes. There is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term. This manual is available as a printed book and also as an Info file. The Info file is for on-line perusal with the Info program, which will be the principal way of viewing documentation on-line in the GNU system. Both the Info file and the Info program itself are distributed along with GNU Emacs. The Info file and the printed book contain substantially the same text and are generated from the same source files, which are also distributed along with GNU Emacs. GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many Emacs editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For informa- tion on the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons learned from its development, write for a copy of AI memo 519a, \Emacs, the Extensible, Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor," to Publications Depart- ment, Artificial Intelligence Lab, 545 Tech Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. At last report they charge $2.25 per copy. Another useful publication is LCS TM-165, \A Cookbook for an Emacs," by Craig Finseth, available 2 GNU Emacs Manual from Publications Department, Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Tech Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The price today is $3. This edition of the manual is intended for use with GNU Emacs installed on GNU and Unix systems. GNU Emacs can also be used on VMS, MS- DOS (also called MS-DOG), Windows NT, and Windows 95 systems. Those systems use different file name syntax; in addition, VMS and MS-DOS do not support all GNU Emacs features. We don't try to describe VMS usage in this manual. See Appendix E [MS-DOS], page 529, for information about using Emacs on MS-DOS. Distribution 3 Distribution GNU Emacs is free software; this means that everyone is free to use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. GNU Emacs is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions on its distribution, but these restrictions are designed to permit everything that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. What is not allowed is to try to prevent others from further sharing any version of GNU Emacs that they might get from you. The precise conditions are found in the GNU General Public License that comes with Emacs and also appears following this section. One way to get a copy of GNU Emacs is from someone else who has it. You need not ask for our permission to do so, or tell any one else; just copy it. If you have access to the Internet, you can get the latest distribution version of GNU Emacs by anonymous FTP; see the file `etc/FTP' in the Emacs distribution for more information. You may also receive GNU Emacs when you buy a computer. Computer manufacturers are free to distribute copies on the same terms that apply to everyone else. These terms require them to give you the full sources, including whatever changes they may have made, and to permit you to redistribute the GNU Emacs received from them under the usual terms of the General Public License. In other words, the program must be free for you when you get it, not just free for the manufacturer. You can also order copies of GNU Emacs from the Free Software Foun- dation on CD-ROM. This is a convenient and reliable way to get a copy; it is also a good way to help fund our work. (The Foundation has al- ways received most of its funds in this way.) An order form is included in the file `etc/ORDERS' in the Emacs distribution, and on our web site in http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html. For further information, write to Free Software Foundation 59 Temple Place, Suite 330 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA USA The income from distribution fees goes to support the foundation's pur- pose: the development of new free software, and improvements to our exist- ing programs including GNU Emacs. If you find GNU Emacs useful, please send a donation to the Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US. If you use GNU Emacs at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation. If company policy is unsympathetic to the idea of donating to charity, you might instead suggest ordering a CD-ROM from the Foundation occasionally, or subscribing to periodic updates. Contributors to GNU Emacs include Per Abrahamsen, Jay K. Adams, Joe Arceneaux, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Jim Blandy, Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, 4 GNU Emacs Manual Peter Breton, Kevin Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M. Brown, Bill Car- penter, Hans Chalupsky, Bob Chassell, James Clark, Mike Clarkson, Glynn Clements, Andrew Csillag, Doug Cutting, Michael DeCorte, Gary Delp, Matthieu Devin, Eri Ding, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves, Viktor Dukhovni, John Eaton, Rolf Ebert, Stephen Eglen, Torbj¨orn Einarsson, Tsugumoto Enami, Hans Henrik Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi, Frederick Farn- back, Fred Fish, Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Noah Friedman, Keith Gabryel- ski, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Howard Gayle, Stephen Gildea, David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Boris Goldowsky, Michelangelo Grigni, Michael Gschwind, Henry Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Ken'ichi Handa, Chris Hanson, K. Shane Hartman, John Heidemann, Markus Heritsch, Karl Heuer, Man- abu Higashida, Anders Holst, Kurt Hornik, Tom Houlder, Lars Ingebrigtsen, Andrew Innes, Michael K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Tomoji Kagatani, Brewster Kahle, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Howard Kaye, Michael Kifer, Richard King, Larry K. Kolodney, Robert Krawitz, Sebastian Kremer, Geoff Kuen- ning, David K˚agedal, Daniel LaLiberte, Aaron Larson, James R. Larus, Fred- eric Lepied, Lars Lindberg, Eric Ludlam, Neil M. Mager, Ken Manheimer, Bill Mann, Brian Marick, Simon Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Mar- tin, Thomas May, Roland McGrath, David Megginson, Wayne Mesard, Richard Mlynarik, Keith Moore, Erik Naggum, Thomas Neumann, Mike Newton, Jurgen Nickelsen, Jeff Norden, Andrew Norman, Jeff Peck, Damon Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, Jens Petersen, Daniel Pfeiffer, Fred Pier- resteguy, Christian Plaunt, Francesco A. Potorti, Michael D. Prange, Ash- win Ram, Eric S. Raymond, Paul Reilly, Edward M. Reingold, Rob Riepel, Roland B. Roberts, John Robinson, Danny Roozendaal, William Rosenblatt, Guillermo J. Rozas, Ivar Rummelhoff, Wolfgang Rupprecht, James B. Salem, Masahiko Sato, William Schelter, Ralph Schleicher, Gregor Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald S. Schnell, Philippe Schnoebelen, Stephen Schoef, Ran- dal Schwartz, Manuel Serrano, Stanislav Shalunov, Mark Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin Shivers, Espen Skoglund, Rick Sladkey, Lynn Slater, Chris Smith, David Smith, Paul D. Smith, William Sommerfeld, Michael Staats, Sam Steingold, Ake Stenhoff, Peter Stephenson, Jonathan Stigelman, Steve Strassman, Jens T. Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas, Jim Thompson, Masanobu Umeda, Neil W.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GNU Emacs GNU Emacs
    GNU Emacs GNU Emacs Reference Card Reference Card Computing and Information Technology Computing and Information Technology Replacing Text Replacing Text Replace foo with bar M-x replace-string Replace foo with bar M-x replace-string foo bar foo bar Query replacement M-x query replace Query replacement M-x query replace then replace <Space> then replace <Space> then skip to next <Backspace> then skip to next <Backspace> then replace and exit <Period> then replace and exit <Period> then replace all ! then replace all ! then go back ^ then go back ^ then exit query <Esc> then exit query <Esc> Setting a Mark Setting a Mark Set mark here C-<Space> or C-@ Set mark here C-<Space> or C-@ Exchange point and mark C-x C-x Exchange point and mark C-x C-x Mark paragraph M-h Mark paragraph M-h Mark entire file C-x h Mark entire file C-x h Sorting Text Sorting Text Normal sort M-x sort-lines Normal sort M-x sort-lines Reverse sort <Esc>-1 M-x sort lines Reverse sort <Esc>-1 M-x sort lines Inserting Text Inserting Text Scan file fn M-x view-file fn Scan file fn M-x view-file fn Write buffer to file fn M-x write-file fn Write buffer to file fn M-x write-file fn Insert file fn into buffer M-x insert-file fn Insert file fn into buffer M-x insert-file fn Write region to file fn M-x write-region fn Write region to file fn M-x write-region fn Write region to end of file fn M-x append-to-file fn Write region to end of file fn M-x append-to-file fn Write region to beginning of Write region to beginning to specified buffer M-x prepend-to-buffer specified buffer
    [Show full text]
  • Emacspeak — the Complete Audio Desktop User Manual
    Emacspeak | The Complete Audio Desktop User Manual T. V. Raman Last Updated: 19 November 2016 Copyright c 1994{2016 T. V. Raman. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual without charge provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Short Contents Emacspeak :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 Copyright ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2 Announcing Emacspeak Manual 2nd Edition As An Open Source Project ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 3 Background :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4 4 Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 5 Installation Instructions :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 7 6 Basic Usage. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 7 The Emacspeak Audio Desktop. :::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 8 Voice Lock :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 22 9 Using Online Help With Emacspeak. :::::::::::::::::::: 24 10 Emacs Packages. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 26 11 Running Terminal Based Applications. ::::::::::::::::::: 45 12 Emacspeak Commands And Options::::::::::::::::::::: 49 13 Emacspeak Keyboard Commands. :::::::::::::::::::::: 361 14 TTS Servers ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 362 15 Acknowledgments.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 366 16 Concept Index :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 367 17 Key Index ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 368 Table of Contents Emacspeak :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 Copyright :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
    [Show full text]
  • Bringing GNU Emacs to Native Code
    Bringing GNU Emacs to Native Code Andrea Corallo Luca Nassi Nicola Manca [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] CNR-SPIN Genoa, Italy ABSTRACT such a long-standing project. Although this makes it didactic, some Emacs Lisp (Elisp) is the Lisp dialect used by the Emacs text editor limitations prevent the current implementation of Emacs Lisp to family. GNU Emacs can currently execute Elisp code either inter- be appealing for broader use. In this context, performance issues preted or byte-interpreted after it has been compiled to byte-code. represent the main bottleneck, which can be broken down in three In this work we discuss the implementation of an optimizing com- main sub-problems: piler approach for Elisp targeting native code. The native compiler • lack of true multi-threading support, employs the byte-compiler’s internal representation as input and • garbage collection speed, exploits libgccjit to achieve code generation using the GNU Com- • code execution speed. piler Collection (GCC) infrastructure. Generated executables are From now on we will focus on the last of these issues, which con- stored as binary files and can be loaded and unloaded dynamically. stitutes the topic of this work. Most of the functionality of the compiler is written in Elisp itself, The current implementation traditionally approaches the prob- including several optimization passes, paired with a C back-end lem of code execution speed in two ways: to interface with the GNU Emacs core and libgccjit. Though still a work in progress, our implementation is able to bootstrap a func- • Implementing a large number of performance-sensitive prim- tional Emacs and compile all lexically scoped Elisp files, including itive functions (also known as subr) in C.
    [Show full text]
  • GNU Emacs Manual
    GNU Emacs Manual GNU Emacs Manual Sixteenth Edition, Updated for Emacs Version 22.1. Richard Stallman This is the Sixteenth edition of the GNU Emacs Manual, updated for Emacs version 22.1. Copyright c 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being \The GNU Manifesto," \Distribution" and \GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE," with the Front-Cover texts being \A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License." (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: \You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development." Published by the Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA ISBN 1-882114-86-8 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa. i Short Contents Preface ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 Distribution ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 1 The Organization of the Screen :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 2 Characters, Keys and Commands ::::::::::::::::::::::: 11 3 Entering and Exiting Emacs ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 15 4 Basic Editing
    [Show full text]
  • Analisi Del Progetto Mozilla
    Università degli studi di Padova Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali Corso di Laurea in Informatica Relazione per il corso di Tecnologie Open Source Analisi del progetto Mozilla Autore: Marco Teoli A.A 2008/09 Consegnato: 30/06/2009 “ Open source does work, but it is most definitely not a panacea. If there's a cautionary tale here, it is that you can't take a dying project, sprinkle it with the magic pixie dust of "open source", and have everything magically work out. Software is hard. The issues aren't that simple. ” Jamie Zawinski Indice Introduzione................................................................................................................................3 Vision .........................................................................................................................................4 Mozilla Labs...........................................................................................................................5 Storia...........................................................................................................................................6 Mozilla Labs e i progetti di R&D...........................................................................................8 Mercato.......................................................................................................................................9 Tipologia di mercato e di utenti..............................................................................................9 Quote di mercato (Firefox).....................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • GNU Guix Cookbook Tutorials and Examples for Using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager
    GNU Guix Cookbook Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager The GNU Guix Developers Copyright c 2019 Ricardo Wurmus Copyright c 2019 Efraim Flashner Copyright c 2019 Pierre Neidhardt Copyright c 2020 Oleg Pykhalov Copyright c 2020 Matthew Brooks Copyright c 2020 Marcin Karpezo Copyright c 2020 Brice Waegeneire Copyright c 2020 Andr´eBatista Copyright c 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber Copyright c 2021 Joshua Branson Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". i Table of Contents GNU Guix Cookbook ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 Scheme tutorials ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 1.1 A Scheme Crash Course :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2 Packaging :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1 Packaging Tutorial:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1.1 A \Hello World" package :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1.2 Setup:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.1.2.1 Local file ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.1.2.2 `GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH' ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.1.2.3 Guix channels ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 2.1.2.4 Direct checkout hacking:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 2.1.3 Extended example ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
    [Show full text]
  • Emacspeak User's Guide
    Emacspeak User's Guide Jennifer Jobst Revision History Revision 1.3 July 24,2002 Revised by: SDS Updated the maintainer of this document to Sharon Snider, corrected links, and converted to HTML Revision 1.2 December 3, 2001 Revised by: JEJ Changed license to GFDL Revision 1.1 November 12, 2001 Revised by: JEJ Revision 1.0 DRAFT October 19, 2001 Revised by: JEJ This document helps Emacspeak users become familiar with Emacs as an audio desktop and provides tutorials on many common tasks and the Emacs applications available to perform those tasks. Emacspeak User's Guide Table of Contents 1. Legal Notice.....................................................................................................................................................1 2. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2 2.1. What is Emacspeak?.........................................................................................................................2 2.2. About this tutorial.............................................................................................................................2 3. Before you begin..............................................................................................................................................3 3.1. Getting started with Emacs and Emacspeak.....................................................................................3 3.2. Emacs Command Conventions.........................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Emacs Speaks Statistics (ESS): a Multi-Platform, Multi-Package Intelligent Environment for Statistical Analysis
    Emacs Speaks Statistics (ESS): A multi-platform, multi-package intelligent environment for statistical analysis A.J. Rossini Richard M. Heiberger Rodney A. Sparapani Martin Machler¨ Kurt Hornik ∗ Date: 2003/10/22 17:34:04 Revision: 1.255 Abstract Computer programming is an important component of statistics research and data analysis. This skill is necessary for using sophisticated statistical packages as well as for writing custom software for data analysis. Emacs Speaks Statistics (ESS) provides an intelligent and consistent interface between the user and software. ESS interfaces with SAS, S-PLUS, R, and other statistics packages under the Unix, Microsoft Windows, and Apple Mac operating systems. ESS extends the Emacs text editor and uses its many features to streamline the creation and use of statistical software. ESS understands the syntax for each data analysis language it works with and provides consistent display and editing features across packages. ESS assists in the interactive or batch execution by the statistics packages of statements written in their languages. Some statistics packages can be run as a subprocess of Emacs, allowing the user to work directly from the editor and thereby retain a consistent and constant look- and-feel. We discuss how ESS works and how it increases statistical programming efficiency. Keywords: Data Analysis, Programming, S, SAS, S-PLUS, R, XLISPSTAT,STATA, BUGS, Open Source Software, Cross-platform User Interface. ∗A.J. Rossini is Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington and Joint Assis- tant Member at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA mailto:[email protected]; Richard M.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 What Is Gimp? 3 2 Default Short Cuts and Dynamic Keybinding 9
    GUM The Gimp User Manual version 1.0.0 Karin Kylander & Olof S Kylander legalities Legalities The Gimp user manual may be reproduced and distributed, subject to the fol- lowing conditions: Copyright © 1997 1998 by Karin Kylander Copyright © 1998 by Olof S Kylander E-mail: [email protected] (summer 98 [email protected]) The Gimp User Manual is an open document; you may reproduce it under the terms of the Graphic Documentation Project Copying Licence (aka GDPL) as published by Frozenriver. This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANT- ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the Graphic Documentation Project Copying License for more details. GRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION PROJECT COPYING LICENSE The following copyright license applies to all works by the Graphic Docu- mentation Project. Please read the license carefully---it is similar to the GNU General Public License, but there are several conditions in it that differ from what you may be used to. The Graphic Documentation Project manuals may be reproduced and distrib- uted in whole, subject to the following conditions: The Gimp User Manual Page i Legalities All Graphic Documentation Project manuals are copyrighted by their respective authors. THEY ARE NOT IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. • The copyright notice above and this permission notice must be preserved complete. • All work done under the Graphic Documentation Project Copying License must be available in source code for anyone who wants to obtain it. The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Emacs Quick Reference
    EmacsQuickReference Page1of4 EmacsQuick Emacs-Ring-SiteNumber27 Reference [NextSite|SkipNextSite|PreviousSite|SkipPreviousSite|ListSites| Home] ByPaulSeamons Notation ItisimportanttounderstandthenotationcommonlyusedinEmacsdocumentation.MostofthecommandsusedinEmacsconsistofamodifierkey,in conjuctionwithoneormoreotherkeys.Thefollowingarethecommonmodifierkeys: CTRL -(C)- TheCONTROLkey. META -(M)- DependingupontheterminalthisistheALTkey.YoumayalsousetheESCkeytosendMETA. ESC -(ESC)- TheESCAPEkey. SHIFT -(S)- TheSHIFTkey. InEmacsdocumentationitiscommontouseanabbreviatedsyntaxwhendescribingkeysequences.Insteadoftyping CTRL-xCTRL-c Youwouldtype C-xC-c ThiswouldrepresentholdingdowntheCONTROLkeyandpressingtheletterx,andthenholdingdowntheCONTROLkeyandpressingtheletterc. (M-C-\wouldrepresentholdingdownthetheALTkeyandCONTROLkeyandpressingthe"\"key.YoucouldalsopressandreleasetheESCAPEkey holddowntheCONTROLkeyandtypethe"\"key.) Thefollowingisatableofnotationforotherkeyboardcharacters. BACKSPC TheBACKSPACEkey. SPC TheSPACEbar. ENTER TheEnterkey. RET TheEnterkey. TAB TheTABkey. InsertMode? ThisisalargeplacewhereEmacsdiffersfromtheVieditor.InViyouareeitherinInsertModeoryouarenot.Inordertoexecutecommandsotherthan keyinsertionyouneedtobeoutofInsertionMode.ByusingCTRLtoescapethekeysequences,Emacsallowsyoutousethecommandsatanypoint inyoursession.Forexample,ifyouareinViandareinsertingtextyouwouldhavetotypethefollowingkeysequencetosaveyourfileandreturnto InsertMode: ESC:wi InEmacs(whichisessentiallyalwaysin"InsertMode")youwouldtypethefollowing: C-xC-s Whenviewedfromtheinsertionmodeviewpoint,Vidoesn'treallysaveanykeystrokesoverEmacsasiscommonlyclaimedbyreligiousViadvocates.
    [Show full text]
  • Bash Guide for Beginners
    Bash Guide for Beginners Machtelt Garrels Garrels BVBA <tille wants no spam _at_ garrels dot be> Version 1.11 Last updated 20081227 Edition Bash Guide for Beginners Table of Contents Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................1 1. Why this guide?...................................................................................................................................1 2. Who should read this book?.................................................................................................................1 3. New versions, translations and availability.........................................................................................2 4. Revision History..................................................................................................................................2 5. Contributions.......................................................................................................................................3 6. Feedback..............................................................................................................................................3 7. Copyright information.........................................................................................................................3 8. What do you need?...............................................................................................................................4 9. Conventions used in this
    [Show full text]
  • Gentlemen's Argument
    Copyright © 2007, Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property A GENTLEMEN'S AGREEMENT ASSESSING THE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE AND ITS ADAPTATION TO LINUx Douglas A. Hass" Introduction "Starting this Thanksgiving, I am going to write a complete Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for GNU's Not Unix), and give it away free to everyone who can use it." With his post to the Usenet 2 newsgroup net.unix-wizards, 3 Richard Stallman launched a sea change in software development. In 1983, he could not have known that his lasting contribution would not be the GNU operating system, but instead the controversial software license that he would develop as its underpinning: the GNU General Public License (GPL).4 Today, the operating system most closely associated with the GPL is Linux, developed originally by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish university student.5 Research group IDC's Quarterly Server Tracker marked Linux server revenue growth at three times Microsoft Windows server growth in the first quarter of 2006, its fifteenth consecutive quarter of double-digit revenue growth. 6 British research firm Netcraft's July 2006 Web Server Survey gives Linux-based 7 Apache Web servers the largest market share among Web servers queried in its monthly survey. With Linux gaining an increasingly larger position in these markets, the validity of the GPL takes on increasing importance as well. The open source community's commercial and non-commercial members are conducting a robust debate on the intellectual property issues surrounding the GPL and Linux, its most * Douglas A. Hass, Director of Business Development, ImageStream; J.D.
    [Show full text]