Status of the Aquatic Plant Maintenance Program in Public Waters

AUTHORITY This report was prepared in accordance with ¤369.22 (7), Florida Statutes, to provide an annual assessment of the control achieved and funding necessary to manage nonindigenous aquatic plants in intercounty waters. The authority of the Department of Environmental Protection (department) as addressed in ¤369.20 (5), Florida Statutes, extends to the management of nuisance popula- tions of all aquatic plants, both indigenous and nonindigenous, and in all wa- ters accessible to the general public. The aquatic plant management program in Florida’s public waters involves complex operational and financial interac- tions between state, federal, and local governments as well as private sector companies. Therefore, a summary of the entire management program in sover- eignty public waters and associated funding contracted or monitored by the department during Fiscal Year 2002-2003 is included in this report.

FLORIDA INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANT SPECIES Notice of Filing

Reporting Agency: DEP Bureau of Invasive Plant Management (BIPM) Recipient Agency: Governor, Cabinet Members, Senate President, and House Speaker Program for: FY 2002-2003 Report Due Date: January 1, 2004 Statutory Requirement: ¤369.22 (7), F.S.

Florida’s aquatic plant management program mission is to reduce negative impacts of invasive non-indig- enous plants like floating water hyacinth and submersed hydrilla, as well as nuisance native plants, including floating islands (tussocks) that jeopardize navigation, bridges and flood control structures. Invasive, non- native plants infest 94% of the 450 public lakes and rivers inventoried in 2003 that comprise 1.26 million acres of fresh water where fishing alone is valued at over $1.5 billion annually. Once they establish, eradicating invasive plants is difficult or impossible; therefore, continuous maintenance is critical to sustaining navigation, flood control, and recreation while preserving native plant habitat on sovereignty state lands.

The floating, non-native water hyacinth and water lettuce are two of the world’s fastest growing plants. These plants, that once covered more than 125,000 acres of Florida’s public waters, are the BIPM’s highest management priority. Floating plants covered 7,608 acres statewide during 2003 and are under maintenance control in 98% of the 284 public water bodies that they infest. About $3.4 million were spent controlling 30,021 acres of floating plants in FY 02-03 to maintain control.

Hydrilla is a submersed invasive species, introduced from Southeast Asia in the 1950s. Hydrilla dispersed rapidly evolving into statewide water management and habitat crises by the early 1990s, impacting nearly 140,000 acres. Dense mats form at the water surface blocking navigation, jamming against bridges, starving fish of oxygen, and hampering flood control. Increased funding under the Florida Forever Act has allowed contractors to reduce the hydrilla standing crop to 43,415 acres in 2003. However, underground tubers, that have the potential to sprout and blanket waters within one year, still infest an estimated 98,400 acres. Hyd- rilla which was recorded in as many as 280 public water bodies during the previous ten years, is under maintenance control in 95% of the 186 public water bodies in which it was reported in 2003. Approxi- mately $17.5 million were spent managing 26,300 acres of hydrilla in public waters in FY 02-03. 55% of the hydrilla standing crop is in the four pools of the 64,500-acre Kissimmee Chain of Lakes. These lakes are also part of the Kissimmee Federal Navigation and Flood Control Projects; therefore, hydrilla maintenance control in this system is the BIPM’s highest management priority for FY 03-04. Complicating management in the Kissimmee Chain is the discovery of several hydrilla clones each with different herbicide tolerances, and water level and discharge schedules that are incompatible with cost-effective hydrilla control.

Eight additional invasive plants collectively infest 90% of Florida’s public waters covering about 17,700 acres. Until FY 00-01, funding was insufficient to address higher priority hydrilla problems; therefore, plants like torpedograss and wild taro were virtually unmanaged for decades. Consequently they spread throughout lake and river marshes and present substantial management challenges for many years to come. Florida quickly emerged from a prolonged drought in 2003, increasing lake levels across the state by 5-8 feet. Nearly 4,500 acres of floating tussocks formed in public waters as buoyant plants and dried peat and muck pulled loose from re-flooded lake bottoms that had been exposed for 4-5 years. The unprecedented speed and magnitude of the tussock formation combined with a $4.0 million budget reduction for FY 03-04 have left the BIPM financially unequipped to respond to this problem. About half of the tussocks are drifting freely in waters; as soon as one is removed from a navigation trail, boat ramp, bridge or flood control structure, another takes its place. Removal costs range from $3,500- $10,000/acre. Adequate funding should resolve most of the floating tussock problems in 2-3 years as little additional tussock formation is anticipated. Year in Review

• Invasive non-native plants pollute 94% of Florida’s public lakes and rivers that comprise 1.26 million acres of fresh water where fishing alone has been valued at $1.5 billion annually. (pp. 1-3) • The DEP aquatic plant control program mission is to reduce negative impacts from invasive non-indigenous plants and their control in public waters while conserving diverse native plant habitat. (pp. 2-28) • Continuous maintenance of invasive aquatic plants is needed to sustain navigation, flood control, and recreation while preserving native plant habitat. (pp. 25, 26) • Floating water hyacinth and water lettuce are two of the world’s fastest growing plants and therefore are the BIPM’s highest management priorities. (pp. 10, 11, 25, 29) • Floating plants covered 7,608 acres of public water bodies in FY 02-03 and are under maintenance control in 98% of 284 waters infested. (p. 36) • Managers spent about $3.4 million controlling 30,021 acres of floating plants during FY 02-03 to keep them under maintenance control. (pp. 36, 39) • Submersed hydrilla, imported in the 1950s as an aquarium plant, evolved into statewide water and habitat management crises infesting 140,000 acres in 280 water bodies by the mid 1990s. (pp. 6, 32, 37) • Increased funding under the Florida Forever Act allowed managers to reduce hydrilla standing crop to 43,415 acres reported in FY 02-03. (pp. 6, 32, 37) • Hydrilla is under maintenance control in 97% of the 186 public waters that it infested in FY 02-03; tubers infest about 98,400 acres and represent the potential for immediate reinfestation. (pp. 6, 37) • Managers spent $17.5 million treating 34,000 acres of hydrilla in FY 02-03. (pp. 37, 39) • Several hydrilla clones have been discovered in Florida waters, each with different fluridone herbicide tolerances. This tolerance and high water level and discharge schedules in hydrilla infested reservoirs, for example, the Kissimmee Chain and , present the greatest hydrilla management challenges. (pp. 32-34) • Nearly 4,500 acres of floating islands (tussocks) formed in public waters as lakes rapidly refilled after 4 years of extreme drought. Half of these tussocks are freely drifting causing problems with navigation and flood control, and pushing against bridges and other structures. (pp. 20, 34-35, 38) • Little additional tussock formation is anticipated since most waters have reflooded. An estimated $10 million would be required to remove freely drifting tussocks from Florida public waters. (pp. 35, 38, 40) • The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council lists 11 Category I Plants, capable of disrupting aquatic ecosystems and causing economic harm, in Florida public waters. (pp. 3-14) • Techniques are available for effective Category I species management (pp. 4-24); insufficient funding has limited their control. (pp. 29, 32, 38-39) • When funding was insufficient for higher priority hydrilla control, other Category I species management was minimal allowing these plants to expand. (pp. 32, 38-40) • $25 million are needed in FY 04-05 to control invasive plants in public lakes and rivers: • $18.5 million to achieve and sustain maintenance control of hydrilla, • $ 2.0 million to preserve maintenance control of floating plants, • $ 3.5 million to expand maintenance control of other Category I invasive plants, • $ 1.0 million for melaleuca control as mandated in §206.606, F.S. • An additional $10 million would be required to remove freely drifting tussocks. Contents

Background...... 1 Prevention and Assessent...... 2 Invasive Plant Problems...... 3 Aquatic Nightshade...... 4 Giant Salvinia...... 5 Hydrilla...... 6 Hygrophila...... 7 Paragrass...... 8 Torpedograss...... 9 Water Hyacinth...... 10 Water Lettuce...... 11 Water Spinach...... 12 West Indian Marsh Grass...... 13 Wild Taro...... 14 Biological Control...... 15 Chemical Control...... 17 Mechanical Control...... 19 Physical Control...... 21 Integrated Management...... 23 Maintenance Control...... 25 Management Objectives...... 26 Standardization...... 27 Authorities / Responsibilities...... 28 Priorities...... 29 Hydrilla Control Considerations...... 30 Management Timetable...... 31 Challenges...... 32 Operations – Floating Plants...... 36 Operations – Hydrilla...... 37 Operations – Other Plants...... 38 FY 02-03 Management Statistics...... 39 Funding Needs...... 40 Appendix I-Funding Expenditures and Allocations. 41 Background

Florida Fresh Waters ¥ 1.5 million acres of lakes and rivers ¥ 7,700 lakes and ponds ¥ 1,700 rivers and streams ¥ 455 public* lakes and rivers total 1.27 million acres ¥ thousands of miles of canals * sovereignty lands with public boat ramp note: Florida’s 4-year drought ended in most areas Recreation during 2003. While as many as 46 public waters were inaccessible during the peak of the drought, only five were not inventoried due to low water in 2003.

Uses of Florida’s Public Waters ¥ recreation, ¥ commerce, ¥ navigation, ¥ habitat, ¥ ecotourism,

¥ potable water, Navigation ¥ flood control, ¥ irrigation.

Potable water intakes on Lake Washington

Benefits of Aquatic Plant Management ¥ $1.5 billion in annual revenues to Florida from freshwater fishing and wildlife observation. (1985 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Report) Habitat ¥ Orange and Lochloosa Lakes (18,400 acres) generated $10 million each year to local economies. A ten-fold reduction in annual revenues was identified when water hyacinth and hydrilla covered the water surfaces. (1986 Uiversity of Florida Study) ¥ $13 million annual value for 4,000-acre Lake Jackson (Leon County). (1996 FSU Economic Report) ¥ $50 million annual value for 2,500-acre Lake Tarpon (Pinellas County). More than 700 jobs generating $9 million in wages. (1997 FSU Economic Report). 1 Prevention and Assessment

Intuitively, if invasive plants are not imported Various federal, state and local governments into Florida waters, then environmental damage regulate activities and inform the public about and expensive management programs would not invasive aquatic plant problems via: be necessary. If invasive plants are present but • articles, detected early, then damage and expenses can • books, be minimized. Florida’s multi-agency preven- • brochures, tion program and the Bureau of Invasive Plant • laws, ordinances, codes, Management (BIPM) annual inventory of • multi media advertising, public waters are steps toward reducing impacts • public speaking engagements, caused by invasive aquatic plants. • reports, • research publications, Prevention • school curricula, and Three agencies cooperate to reduce invasive • web sites (http://plants.ifas.edu/guide) & aquatic plant introductions into Florida: (www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec) • the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspects import shipments of Assessment aquarium plants, Each year, BIPM field staff inventory invasive • the FL Department of Agriculture and plants in Florida’s 455 public waters that com- Consumer Services (FDACS) inspects prise 1.27 million acres of fresh water. Surveys wholesale aquatic plant nurseries, and are conducted to: • the BIPM inspects retail aquatic plant • detect new invasive plant introductions sales outlets and regulates the collection and alert managers for rapid control, of plants from, and planting of aquatic • establish needs-based management plants into, state waters. budgets, • develop management priorities to distribute available funds, • evaluate impacts from invasive plants and management programs.

Inspecting for prohibited plants Plant inventory in

2 Invasive Plant Problems

The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Problems caused by invasive aquatic plants (FLEPPC) lists 11 of the 21 exotic aquatic include: plants found in Florida’s public waters among ¥ loss of recreation, the 65 Category I invasive plants reported in ¥ severe oxygen depletion, Florida. Category I plants invade or disrupt ¥ stunted fish populations, fish kills, native plant communities. ¥ water flow restrictions, flooding, ¥ navigation restrictions, Category I invasive plants were reported in 94% ¥ accelerated sedimentation, of the public waters inventoried during 2003 ¥ reduction in diversity, and impacted 123,702 acres (includes esti- ¥ reduction in property values. mated 98,390 acres impacted by hydrilla stand- ing crop and tubers). ¥ Category I invasive plants comprised about 35% of all plant acreage invento- ried in public waters during 2003.

Invasive aquatic plants are characterized by: ¥ rapid growth, ¥ multiple reproductive methods, ¥ wide dispersal and survival, ¥ broad environmental tolerance, ¥ resistance to management.

Water hyacinth has plagued Florida waters since the late 1800s as shown in the 1898 post card (above) of the St Johns River

FLEPPC Category I Aquatic Plants Found in Florida Public Waters

Aquatic nightshade Giant salvinia Hydrilla Hygrophila Paragrass Torpedograss Water hyacinth Water lettuce Water spinach West Indian marsh grass Wild taro

Hydrilla mat covering the surface of Lake Okeechobee

3 Aquatic Nightshade

Scientific name: Solanum tampicense Origin: Mexico, West Indies Introduction: 1970s, natural colonization Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Shorelines, wet soils Distribution: Central Florida Management effort: Eradication 2003 public waters / plant acres: 3 / 31

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Sprawling, prickly shrubs up to 15 feet form dense tangled monocultures. Aquatic nightshade flower and fruit (box), spines on leaf (circle) • Invades disturbed areas and grows over established native vegetation. • Difficult to selectively remove from intertwined native vegetation. • Seeds disseminated by birds increasing potential for wide and rapid dispersal.

Aquatic nightshade invading understory of

Management Options:

Biological: none available Chemical: 2,4-D, triclopyr Mechanical: impractical - plants in shallow water, marshes Physical: none available

4 Giant Salvinia

Scientific name: Salvinia molesta Origin: South America Introduction: 1990s, horticulturists Aquatic community: Floating Habitat: Water surfaces, quiescent waters Distribution: Canal in SW Florida, private ponds Management effort: Eradication 2003 public waters / plant acres: 0 / 0

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Grows rapidly and reproduces by vegetative Giant salvinia plants fragments. • Dense infestations block navigation, cover native plants, and clog irrigation pipes. • Reduces oxygen content in water and causes fish kills. • Considered as one of the world’s worst weeds.

Magnification of hairs on leaf surface

Giant salvinia covering part of the Toledo Bend Reservoir (Texas - Louisiana)

Management Options: Biological: unknown, accidentally released foreign weevil may feed; under evaluation in Texas Chemical: diquat, fluridone, glyphosate Mechanical: not feasible in current infestations Physical: dewatering

5 Hydrilla

Scientific name: Hydrilla verticillata Origin: Southeast Asia Introduction: Ear1y 1950s, aquarium trade Aquatic community: Submersed, surface mats Habitat: Inches to 35 feet deep Distribution: Statewide Management effort: Maintenance control 2003 public waters / plant acres: 186 / 43,415 (tubers cover estimated 98,390 acres)

Environmental and Economic Concerns ¥ Grows as much as 4 inches per day in Florida waters. Dense hydrilla growth at water surface ¥ Can cover water bodies 1-2 years after introduction. ¥ 80% of plant mass is in the upper two feet of water column; - blocks sunlight and kills native plants, - blocks air exchange and consumes oxygen - fish kills, - virtually stops access, navigation, and recreation, - breaks loose and jams against bridges and dams. ¥ Reduces water activity-based incomes and property values. ¥ Doubles sedimentation rate from scenesing leaves and stems. ¥ Disperses by fragments, buds, and runners (no seeds). ¥ Resists control via underground propagules (tubers); - millions produced per acre, - no effective tuber control method, - lie dormant as long as 7 years. Hydrilla sprouting from tuber Hydrilla mat covering the surface of

Hydrilla jam on bridge

Management Options: Biological: sterile grass carp, host specific insects (little insect success) Chemical: large scale fluridone; copper, diquat, endothall for smaller infestations Mechanical: harvest from spring runs, harvest/shred mats against structures Physical: hand pull / diver dredge new infestations, or in fast flowing water

6 Hygrophila

Scientific name: Hygrophila polysperma Origin: India, Malaysia Introduction: Mid 1940s, aquarium trade Aquatic community: Submersed, emergent Habitat: Wet soils to water 15 feet deep Distribution: Central / South Florida, many canals Management effort: Complaint management 2003 public waters / plant acres: 24 / 252 Stem rooting at leaf nodes Environmental and Economic Concerns • Forms dense surface mats especially in quiescent waters; - excludes light and oxygen penetration for native plants and animals, - hinders navigation and diminishes flood control capacity. • Fragile stems root at each leaf node allowing rapid dispersal and establishment. • Expensive and extremely difficult to control.

Hygrophila clogging a South Florida flood control canal

Management Options:

Biological: extremely high rates of sterile grass carp (in canal systems) Chemical: frequent applications of various formulations / rates of copper, diquat, endothall, fluridone and 2,4-D provide marginal control Mechanical: harvest floating mats Physical: hand pulling, raking

7 Paragrass

Scientific name: Urochloa mutica Origin: Africa Introduction: Late 1800s, forage grass Aquatic community: Emergent grass Habitat: Wet soils, shorelines, floating mats Distribution: Central and South Florida Management effort: Complaint management 2003 public waters / plant acres: 224 / 1,263

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Sprawling grass up to 15 feet long that forms dense tufts on shorelines. Dense tangle of paragrass • Provides little wildlife value and crowds out native plants. Flower Single Plant • Mats can break loose forming floating islands. • Considered one of the world’s worst weeds.

SingleManagement plant Options:

Biological: none available Paragrass covering shoreline Chemical: glyphosate Mechanical: mowing, harvest or shred floating mats Physical: drawdown, desiccation, and burning

8 Torpedograss

Scientific name: Panicum repens Origin: Old World Introduction: Late 1800s, forage grass Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Dry land to water six feet deep Distribution: Statewide Management effort: Complaint management 2003 public waters / plant acres: 350 / 15,260

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Thick mats stop navigation and water movement. • Displaces native plants in wet soils and shallow waters. Torpedograss in Lake Okeechobee • Most widely dispersed invasive exotic plant in Florida public waters. • Resists control via extensive starch-laden rhizomes.

Torpedo-like root tip (in circle)

Management Options: Biological: none available, fungus species under review Inspecting torpedo grass infestation on Lake Okeechobee. Chemical: glyphosate, imazapyr (in dry areas) Mechanical: harvest or shred floating islands Physical: drawdown and burn prior to treating with herbicides; flood after treatments

9 Water Hyacinth

Scientific name: Eichhornia crassipes Origin: South America Introduction: 1880s, horticulturists Aquatic community: Floating Habitat: Water surfaces Distribution: Statewide, especially peninsula Management effort: Maintenance control 2003 public waters / plant acres: 262 / 3,012

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Populations double in as little as two weeks. • Disperses by seeds and stolons. • Harbors mosquitoes. • Speeds sedimentation by shedding roots and shoots. • Dense mats prevent air and light diffusion into water; -killing native plants, fish and wildlife, and -preventing decomposition of detritus. • Mats dam against bridges and flood control structures. • Reduces property values and local tax revenues.

Water hyacinth roots and shoots

Management Options:

Biological: two weevil species and a moth larvae stress plants reducing plant size, vigor and seed production Chemical: 2,4-D, diquat, occasionally glyphosate, copper Water hyacinth in Fisheating Creek, September 2003 Mechanical: harvesters or shredders at bridges or flood control structures Physical: occasional hand picking pioneer populations

10 Water Lettuce

Scientific name: Pistia stratiotes Origin: South America Introduction: Colonial period, ship ballast (?) Aquatic community: Floating Habitat: Water surfaces Distribution: Peninsula, rare in panhandle Management effort: Maintenance control 2003 public waters / plant acres: 158 / 4,596

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Growth rate similar to water hyacinth. • Harbors mosquitoes. • Mats prevent air and light diffusion into water; - killing native plants, fish and wildlife, and - preventing decomposition of detritus. • Speeds sedimentation by shedding roots and shoots. • Dense mats dam against bridges and reduce water flow at flood control structures.

Below: water lettuce covering (Pool B)

Management Options: Biological: 2 host-specific insects (ineffective to date) Chemical: diquat - occasionally copper near drinking water intakes Mechanical: harvest around bridges and flood control structures Physical: occasional winter drawdowns

11 Water Spinach

Scientific name: Ipomoea aquatica Origin: China Introduction: Mid 1900s, vegetable crop Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Dry land, shorelines, floating mats Distribution: Isolated sites, statewide Management effort: Eradication 2003 public waters / plant acres: 2 / 1

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Grows several inches per day. • Forms dense canopies over emergent plants, Water spinach stem and flower floating mats on water surfaces. • Common weed throughout the tropics, especially in rice fields. • Potential for rapid dispersal by persons planting as a vegetable crop.

Water spinach growing across central Florida pond after escaping from shoreline cultivation

Management Options:

Biological: none available Chemical: 2,4-D, glyphosate, imazapyr, triclopyr Mechanical: not feasible, fragments start new plants Physical: hand pulling

12 West Indian Marsh Grass

Scientific name: Hymenachne amplexicaulis Origin: Central, South America, West Indies Introduction: 1970s, natural colonization Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Wet soils to shallow water Distribution: Isolated sites in South Florida Management effort: Maintenance control 2003 public waters / plant acres: 15 / 184

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Forms dense monocultures in marshes and along shorelines. • Displaces native grasses because of its broader tolerance to wet and dry periods. • Difficult to control when growing among Flower stalks native grasses because they are suscep- tible to the same control methods.

West Indian marsh grass blocking Fisheating Creek

Management Options:

Biological: none available Chemical: glyphosate Mechanical: impractical - plants in shallow marshes Physical: fire + glyphosate to control regrowth

13 Wild Taro

Scientific name: Colocasia esculenta Origin: India, Southeast Asia Introduction: Early 1900s, food crop Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Wet soils, shallow water, floating islands Distribution: Statewide Management effort: Eradicate new colonies 2003 public waters / plant acres: 281 / 712

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Displaces native plants, especially along shaded shorelines and in wetlands. • Expanded from 35-62% of Florida’s public water bodies between 1983-2003. • Shoreline populations break loose forming floating islands that block access, cover native plant habitat, and root in new areas, spreading the infestation.

Wild taro growing along shoreline

Management Options: Biological: none available Chemical: 2,4-D + diquat + Kinetic most effective, glyphosate, triclopyr Mechanical: harvest floating mats - roots fragment into new plant Physical: hand pulling - use caution, oxalic acid irritant in plant 14 Biological Control

General cient stress or control is realized. While the Biological controls rarely eradicate invasive intent is to demonstrate cost-effectiveness of plants. Their use in Florida’s aquatic plant already released biological controls, the effect control program is to lessen invasive plant can be that research funding for additional competitive advantages below some ecologi- controls (additional stress on a target invasive cal or economic threshold. Biological control plant) is terminated before a solution is found success is often measured in terms of control and researchers move on to other problems. achieved by individual agents. However, fewer than one-third of biological controls The BIPM and USACE provide funding, released world-wide have proven effective review, and dispersal of approved controls. when judged under this criterion. The goal of The USDA and UF conduct and regulate classi- the biological control program is to continue to cal biological control research through over- evaluate and release enough insects or patho- seas exploration for insects and pathogens; gens to, if not eliminate, at least reduce the • to control established invasive plants, need for, or amount of, other management • with host-specific controls (will not options. damage non-target plants).

The biological control component of the Fourteen biological controls have been evalu- aquatic plant management program has ated overseas and released in Florida to control strained under unrealistic expectations. the following invasive plants: Research and development funding has been minimal, piecemeal, and non-recurring. There is pressure on researchers from manag- Plant # Biocontrols ers and policy makers to transfer limited funding to other control options if each • alligatorweed 3 evaluated potential control does not immedi- • hydrilla 4 ately reduce target invasive plants. Conse- • water hyacinth 3 quently, there is pressure on researchers to • water lettuce 2 declare management success before suffi- • melaleuca 2

Insect defoliation of alligatorweed

Flea beetle feeding on alligatorweed leaf

15 Biological Control Efforts in Florida Three insect species were released in the late Four insects have been released to attack 1960s to control invasive alligatorweed. Al- hydrilla leaves (2), stems (1), and tubers (1), though alligatorweed is the second most widely however, none have shown signs of control- dispersed aquatic plant in Florida (found in 80% ling or stressing hydrilla in public waters. of public waters), mechanical or herbicide Only the sterile Asian grass carp has shown management is rarely necessary in public hydrilla control capability, but it is not selec- waters. Insects usually defoliate leaves and tive and is difficult to contain in Florida’s collapse stems by early summer (previous interconnected surface waters. Removing page). significant quantities of grass carp when overstocked in public water bodies has Two weevil species and a moth whose larvae proven nearly impossible. Hydrilla is being feed on the leaves, reduce water hyacinth vigor managed by triploid grass carp in 61 of and seed production, but have not controlled the Florida’s 455 public water bodies plant in Florida regardless of the amount of time (10 or more years in some cases without herbicide use, as in the photographs below), or the amount of concomitant mechanical or herbicide control.

Water hyacinth on Fisheating Creek

Sterile grass carp in hydrilla

Leaf-mining fly on hydrilla

Two South American weevils released to manage water lettuce have dispersed and feed Insect feeding scars on water hyacinth leaves on the plant, but have shown few signs of controlling or stressing water lettuce despite several intensive establishment attempts. 16 Chemical Control

Chemicals used to control aquatic plants in The US Environmental Protection Agency Florida public waters fall into two broad (USEPA) evaluates herbicides for potential categories; herbicides and adjuvants. human and environmental impacts, and registers compounds for use in Florida waters Herbicides if the benefits far exceed identified risks. Herbicides are applied directly to target Evaluations include: invasive plants or are dispersed within the • residue in water, fish, shellfish and crops, water column to kill plants. • environmental fate (dispersal in the environment), • Advantages: • how compounds breakdown and break- - selective control, down products, - relatively inexpensive, • routes of entry into test animals, - quickly control broad area, • short term (acute) toxicity in test animals, - eradicate pioneer infestations. • long term impacts including tumors, birth defects and other abnormalities, • Disadvantages: • toxicity to aquatic life such as fish, - temporary, waterfowl, and invertebrates. - inconsistent public opinion/acceptance, - plants may develop tolerance, The FDACS registers USEPA-approved herbi- - various water use restrictions, cides for use in Florida after consulting with - plants decompose insitu. state and federal environmental and health agencies through the Pesticide Review Council.

Research to determine lowest 2,4-D rate for water hyacinth control

17 The BIPM funds and evaluates research to Four of these compounds are available in liquid identify weaknesses in invasive plant and dry formulations: lifecycles and to apply herbicides to selec- Herbicide class Formulation tively control invasive plants. Selectivity is copper liquid / granular attained through understanding physical and diquat liquid biological parameters including: endothall liquid / granular ¥ developing methods to place herbicides fluridone liquid / pellet only on target plants, imazapyr liquid ¥ determining the lowest herbicide rates glyphosate liquid that will affect target plants, triclopyr liquid ¥ applying the most appropriate herbicide 2,4-D liquid / granular formulation and additives, ¥ understanding physiology and suscepti- Herbicides are classified as contact or sys- bility of target and non-target organisms, temic, based upon mode of action. ¥ timing control as target plants are most ¥ Contact herbicides kill, relatively quickly, (and non-target plants least) vulnerable. the plant or portion of plant, on which they come into contact. (copper, diquat, and Approximately 200 herbicide active ingredi- endothall) ents are registered in the United States. Regis- ¥ Systemic herbicides are absorbed into, and tration criteria are much more rigid for translocated within, the plant. (fluridone, aquatic use herbicides vs. their terrestrial use imazapyr, glyphosate, triclopyr, and 2,4-D) counterparts, consequently only seven herbi- cide classes are fully registered with the Adjuvants USEPA and the FDACS for use in Florida Adjuvants are inert materials added to pesti- waters. The most recently registered com- cide formulations to increase the effective- pound, triclopyr (registered in December 2002) ness of the active ingredient. Adjuvants: took 18 years for safety studies to be con- ¥ reduce foaming (clogging), ducted and evaluated. Safety studies have been ¥ reduce drift in the air, completed for an eighth compound, imazapyr, ¥ spread herbicides across leaf surfaces, which is now available for limited use in Florida ¥ increase herbicide contact by sticking, waters under a USEPA experimental use permit. ¥ increase herbicide penetration.

Loading fluridone pellets to control hydrilla in Airboat equipped for liquid and pellet herbicide applications

18 Mechanical Control

Mechanical devices have been used since the early 1900s to sheer, shred, slurry, press, pull, lift, and convey aquatic plants from prob- lem areas in Florida public waters. ¥ Advantages: - few water use restrictions, - remove vegetation, - remove nutrients and organics, - no oxygen sag (if plants removed). ¥ Disadvantages: - limited access in shallow water, - high operating costs, - spread plants via fragments, Water hyacinth control on the , 1939 - kill non-target plants and animals, - slow (control 2-3 acres / day) - repeated harvests select for invasives. sity for removing all plant and animal life, limit harvesting these plants to small areas (i.e. High operational expenses and slow rate of around bridges), where other control methods control combined with the rapid growth rate have not been effective (i.e. intertidal waters or of water hyacinth and hydrilla, and propen- fast flowing waters in spring runs), and for tussock (floating island) removal.

Harvesting Harvesting floating tussocks from Lake Lafayette

Harvesting hydrilla from fast flowing waters of Wakulla Springs

19 As Florida’s four-year drought eases and water bodies begin to refill, terrestrial plants that grew on the exposed sediments often pull up peat and other organic deposits as much as three feet thick. These floating islands, or tussocks, can inflict the same kinds of damage to native plants, bridges, and flood control structures as floating mats of water hya- cinth if allowed to drift freely. Shredders (right) or harvesters (below) provide the most cost-effective means of controlling floating tussocks. Part of 100-acre floating tussock on Lake Runnymeade

Shredding floating tussocks on Lake Runnymeade

Harvesting floating tussocks from Lake Tohopekaliga

In efforts to offset management costs, research has been conducted to find economical uses for harvested materials. However, since aquatic plants are comprised of about 95% water, costs of harvesting, drying, and Harvesting shredded tussocks from Lake Runnymeade otherwise preparing aquatic vegetation for commercial products far exceed the costs of deriving similar products from terrestrial vegetation.

Products include: ¥ potting soil and mulch, ¥ animal feed supplements, ¥ paper, ¥ furniture, and ¥ methane gas.

Water hyacinth spoil pile 20 Physical Control

Physical controls include managing aquatic Drawdowns must be conducted frequently if plants by hand, desiccation (drawdowns), used to control water hyacinth, water lettuce, flooding, prescribed fire, suction dredging, and hydrilla because; barriers, and light attenuation. High cost, selec- • drying stimulates seed germination in tivity concerns, and logistics limit applications water hyacinth and lettuce, to only a few methods and a few sites in Florida • hydrilla tubers are resistant to drying. public waters each year. Drawdowns are usually reserved for emer- Hand removing aquatic plants, including gent plant control, especially when; raking, pulling, and diver dredging is: • conducted in dry winter months, and • labor intensive, • combined with prescribed fire to reduce • used to manage new infestations, thatch and other organics, and - when other methods are ineffective - stimulate regrowth to facilitate (fast flowing springs), herbicide control. - when immediate removal is needed (pioneering infestations or removing Prescribed fire during drawdown, Lake Jackson (Leon County) plants from water pump intakes).

Drawdowns are used to retard or turn back the lake aging process by; • aerating sediments and accelerating organic decay, • compacting and stabilizing sediments, • controlling emergent aquatic plants.

Winter drawdown on to kill 1,500 acres of water lettuce by desiccation and freezing

21 Prescribed flooding (water level increase) is Diver assisted dredges are used in other states available in a few locations to: and are under development in Florida to: • strand floating plants on upland sites • control small infestations of submersed immediately prior to drawdowns, invasive plants (including hydrilla • retard torpedograss regrowth after tubers) from; drawdown, fire, and herbicide - fast flowing waters in spring runs and applications, and rivers, and • reduce light penetration further - boat ramps or other areas where stressing hydrilla after herbicide immediate removal of pioneer applications. infestations is needed. Two types of material barriers are available Colored dyes can be applied to attenuate light that have limited application including: on a larger scale than with barriers. • benthic barriers that are anchored to • Commercial blue dyes are currently substrates to kill plants through; available but are: - light attenuation and - cost-prohibitive to apply to large - physical disturbance public water bodies, • silt curtains that are installed to isolate - difficult to sustain appropriate stands of submersed invasive plants concentrations in natural, flow- - from wind and water currents, and through systems, - to prolong herbicide contact time. - not selective especially for controlling hydrilla that requires less light to grow than native plants. • Natural tannins can be concentrated and applied to shade invasive submersed plants, but: - impart aesthetically unacceptable dark brown or black color to the water, - are nonselective and not available commercially, - are difficult to sustain in appropriate concentrations.

Diver assisted dredge being tested at Wakulla Springs. Above, diver operating suction dredge; right, hydrilla filling catch basket on barge; below, two dredge units in operation to increase efficiency.

Applying endothall herbicide behind silt barrier in Sanlando Springs (above) 22 Integrated Management

There are nearly as many definitions of IPM Examples integrated pest management (IPM) as there Florida’s aquatic plant management program has are invasive species management programs. incorporated IPM strategies since its inception Most definitions acknowledge several basic more than 100 years ago when physical, me- components when developing an IPM plan chanical, and chemical control methods were including: applied in unison to combat water hyacinth • multiple management options, growing in the St. Johns River. Examples of • biology and life cycles of invasive current IPM strategies include: species, • ecosystem sensitivity to invasion by Chemical + chemical introduced organisms, • 2,4-D is applied to control water • management impacts on ecosystems, hyacinth when it commingles with • reducing invasive species impacts grasses because 2,4-D has little impact below an economic / ecological on aquatic grass species. However diquat, threshold, that burns (but does not kill) aquatic • flexibility to adapt management tech- grasses and bulrush, is used when water niques to changing conditions, hyacinth is mixed with bulrush that is • continuing development of additional susceptible to 2,4-D (below). management options. • Fluridone affords the most cost- Few definitions address the importance of effective reduction of large-scale integrating management programs among hydrilla infestations, while endothall is the many shared and often competing uses used to stress fluridone-tolerant hydrilla of parcels of land or water bodies. For prior to treatment and to touch up example; hydrilla control in the Kissimmee remaining hydrilla left after fluridone Chain of Lakes must incorporate the above applications. issues as well as a thorough understanding of annual flood control regulations and Water hyacinth growing among bulrush irrigation requirements.

If the dams that regulate water levels within these reservoirs are opened appreciably during herbicide treatments, not only is application cost and control jeopardized, but also additional risks are imposed upon downstream non-target plants. Likewise, the release of herbicide treated waters for irrigation can have negative impacts on commercially important plants, for example in sod and citrus operations. Lowering water levels (volume) prior to herbicide applications reduces herbicide use and costs, but may discharge too much fresh water into downstream estuaries.

23 Biological + chemical susceptibility to imazapyr herbicide. • Water hyacinth weevils reduce plant • Hydrilla control is enhanced by vigor and seed production allowing managers drawing down water levels to reduce to use much less herbicide to sustain mainte- the amount of fluridone needed to nance control. achieve lethal conentrations, then • Reducing hydrilla standing crop with flooding weeks later to limit light endothall or fluridone prior to sterile carp penetration (light stimulates hydrilla release reduces the number of fish required growth and breaks down fluridone). and subsequent carp feeding on non-target plants. Mechanical + chemical • Harvesters and shredders remove Physical + Chemical floating vegetation islands overgrowing • Torpedograss is most readily controlled navigation channels while regrowth is by dewatering and burning to remove dense maintained with glyphosate herbicide. thatch, reduce starch, and stimulate growth and

Shredding floating islands overgrowing Snake Creek

Physical + mechanical • Drawdowns incorporating freezes and prescribed fire control emergent aquatic plants, but mats of upland plants that colonize exposed soils must be harvested or shredded before or upon reflooding to prevent them from floating and blocking navigation or structures.

Prescribed fire preceeding torpedograss control on Lake Okeechobee 24 Maintenance Control

¤369.22 (3), Florida Statutes requires that The Example nonindigenous aquatic plants be managed at Water hyacinth covered 2,300 acres of the the lowest feasible levels, a concept known as Suwannee River in the early 1970’s. Thou- maintenance control, in order to reduce: sands of tons of sediments were produced by shedding root and shoot material and from ¥ sedimentation (lake aging), controlled plants. Hundreds of acres required ¥ native plant damage, control using thousands of pounds of herbi- ¥ management costs, cide. Crisis management was replaced by ¥ navigation problems, maintenance control efforts in the late 1970s. ¥ transportation problems, Since achieving maintenance control in 1985, ¥ flood control problems, relatively little management has been necessary, ¥ loss of habitat, reducing environmental and economic impacts. ¥ loss of recreation, Native plants have returned to the shores and ¥ loss of property values, marshes of the Suwannee River, restoring fish ¥ use of herbicides. and wildlife habitat.

Water Hyacinth Maintenance Control, Suwannee River, 1974-2003

acres controlledacres 25 Management Objectives

The goals of Florida’s invasive aquatic plant ¥ Managing established invasive exotic management program include: aquatic plants through maintenance programs to sustain attributes such as navigation, flood ¥ Reducing abundance of invasive exotic control, and recreation while preserving or aquatic plants polluting Florida public water enhancing diverse native vegetation bodies. communities for fish and wildlife habitat. ¥ emphasis on water hyacinth, water lettuce, and hydrilla ¥ Integrating biological, chemical, ¥ eradicate new infestations of invasive mechanical, and physical control techniques aquatic plants into cost-effective and environmentally ¥ begin managing established stands of compatible invasive plant management other aquatic plants programs.

¥ Assessing and incorporating, where appropriate, new Hydrilla and Floating Plant Cover in technologies and techniques that Florida Public Water Bodies, 1982 - 2003 enhance invasive exotic aquatic plant management objectives (see photos at page bottom).

Testing 1,000-pound quick release bags to facilitate large-scale fluridone applications and reduce amount of waste and recyclable material

Metering endothall into Wakulla Springs for downstream hydrilla control 26 Standardization

The Department of Environmental Protection distributes funds to areas of greatest (then DNR) was designated by the Florida need, Legislature in 1971 as the lead agency for ¥ coordinates management operations aquatic plant control because of the agency’s with water managers and users, broad range of environmental preservation ¥ avoids duplication as well as neglect, and conservation goals. ¥ ensures consistency in policy, goals, administration, and control methods. The department created the Bureau of Aquatic Plant Research and Control (now Bureau of The Water Hyacinth Control Example Invasive Plant Management - BIPM) to coordi- Water hyacinth was uncontrolled in some nate the aquatic plant management activities of waters, or in other instances, managed by more than 200 government agencies and com- many agencies with differing or narrowly mercial companies in Florida. The centralized focused goals. There was no statewide man- approach has proven effective for various agement plan, funding was inconsistent, and reasons: plant populations were out of control as ¥ establishes a statewide management and recently as the 1970s. Water hyacinth has resource protection plan, been reduced from 125,000 acres to about ¥ ensures statewide priority distribution 3,000 acres reported in public waters during of available funds, 2003, since the program was centralized under ¥ reduces administration; one agency the BIPM.

Acres of Water Hyacinth in Florida Public Waters 1947 - 2003

27 Authorities / Responsibilities

The Florida Legislature designated the Depart- Water management, water control (§ 298, ment of Environmental Protection as the lead Florida Statutes), and other special districts agency for coordinating aquatic plant control have authorities to raise money and responsi- activities in 1971 (§ 369.20 (2), Florida Stat- bilities to control aquatic plants in canals utes). The department responded by creating constructed for flood control and water the Bureau of Aquatic Plant Research and transport (below). Even sovereignty lakes Control now the Bureau of Invasive Plant that do not have public boat ramps benefit Management (BIPM) to oversee and coordinate small special interest groups, and thus are not these duties. eligible for State aquatic plant control fund- ing. Aquatic plant management in these Funding has never been sufficient for the systems is the responsibility of adjacent BIPM to control all aquatic plant problems. property owners or some other unit of gov- Additionally, many aquatic plant problems ernment. are not considered to be State responsibilities. Eligibility criteria were established by policy in 1989, and later by rule in 1997 (§ 62C- 54.0035 (1), Florida Administrative Code), to identify waters for which the BIPM distrib- utes aquatic plant management funding.

Water bodies must meet the following criteria to receive State aquatic plant control funds: • the water body must be sovereignty lands, • the water body must have public boat ramp access, • a sign must be posted at the ramp stating the water body is open to public use, • there must be signs directing the public Residential canals in Cape Coral from roadways to the public ramp, and • the public ramp area must be sufficiently The Governor established the following com- large to launch boats and park vehicles. mon sense criteria to determine which of the department’s budget issues would be vetoed and which would receive funding. These criteria fit well with policies already established in the BIPM aquatic plant management program:

• statewide benefit vs. a few localities, • public benefit vs. special interests, • objective, competitive review process, • appropriateness of the funding source (if another entity has fiscal responsibility in an area then department funds should not be used in that area). Public boat ramp on Lake Okeechobee

28 Priorities

Aquatic plant management funding was insuffi- 3. Boat ramps, navigation trails, and flood cient to address even high priority hydrilla control structures problems in public water bodies for more than a • native and invasive exotic plants are decade. The following priority list was devel- equally problematic if blocking these oped (§ 62C-54.005 (2) (a-g), F.A.C.) to dis- areas or structures tribute available funds to areas of greatest need • includes floating mud or plant islands and to programs that will achieve the most positive impacts. 4. Create open areas in extensive hydrilla mats Increased funding under the Florida Forever • recreation Act beginning in FY 01-02 has allowed manag- • preserve fisheries ers to initiate aquatic plant control programs • additional navigation into Priority Level 6. 5. Whole-lake hydrilla management Aquatic Plant Management Priorities in • large-scale control projects of 100- Florida Public Waters 25,000 acres

1. Floating vegetation 6. Other plants • water hyacinth and water lettuce • remaining FLEPPC Category I invasive • can impact all areas of public waters aquatic plant species • also floating plants in canals that could • more than 100 other exotic and native contaminate public lakes and rivers aquatic plant species

2. New hydrilla infestations 7. Residential canals or boat trails servicing • if controlled prior to establishing tubers, private homes or clubs except for: then low-cost eradication is possible • water hyacinth or water lettuce • usually at boat ramps • hydrilla, if a connecting public water • also hydrilla in canals that could con- has little to no hydrilla taminate public lakes and rivers

Setting management priorities

29 Hydrilla Control Considerations

While management of floating plants, water - foraging habitat hyacinth and water lettuce are the BIPM’s - presence (plants and animals) highest priority, hydrilla control represents the Control feasibility greatest management expense. Aquatic plant • potential for control management funds were insufficient for more - available methods than a decade to conduct all necessary hydrilla - environmental conditions control. The BIPM and its government agency - water depth and volume contractors developed the following list of - water movement (waves, flow) considerations to select the most appropriate - chemistry (oxygen, nutrients, pH) waters in which to commit large-scale hydrilla - sediment type (clay, sand, organic management funds each year. composition and depth) - temperature Water uses - plant growth stage (hydrilla and non- • navigation target species) • flood control - water clarity (tannin, turbidity, algal • potable water, irrigation, livestock content) • recreation potential • history of control success in that water - boating or in waters with similar conditions - fishing (commercial/recreational), • potential for native / invasive plant hunting regrowth - water sports (swimming, skiing, etc.) - wildlife observation Other considerations • wildlife management • cost - endangered species concerns • local government and public support - habitat level (verbal, financial, in-kind) - nesting sites • alternative water body proximity

Hydrilla covering north end of Lake Toho, 1997 After hydrilla control on north end of Lake Toho, 1998

30 Management Timetable

Plant management programs are developed each year for public waterbodies. Government • (December 1 – 31) Prepare annual contractors and the BIPM’s field biologists report and budget requests after prepare requests that are reviewed by local, analyzing plant inventory and state, and federal agency field personnel that management information. have authorities in public waters. Reviewers then meet to establish management plans and priorities for the ensuing year. In this way, the program maintains statewide standards while allowing for regional flexibility.

• (February 1 – March 15) Develop plant management requests for public waters

• (March 15 – April 15) Distribute management requests to reviewing Developing floating plant control plan for the Kissimmee River agencies with jurisdictional authorities. In addition to plant management problems, administrative constraints further challenge • (April 15 – May 1) Compile written managers. Government budget cycles do not comments from reviewing agencies. match up nor do they coincide with the peak • (May 1-15) Incorporate comments of the growing season. Inspecions to assess into management plans for each management effectiveness are most valid at water body and set priorities within the end of the growing season, well into the current budget during meetings with current budget cycles and months before the agency staffs and other interested next. Regardless, funds must be dispersed as persons. soon as they become available in June so contractors can acquire and allocate their • (May 15 – June 30) Incorporate financial and personnel resources. approved plans into contracts with government and private contractors. Problems generated by these mismatched • (July 1 – June 30) Manage aquatic cycles include: 1) planning long-term projects plants pursuant to contracts (revise and that cross fiscal years, not knowing if enough reallocate funds as conditions change). funds will be available to complete programs; 2) frequent reallocations of funds to respond • (April 1 – November 15) Inventory to changing plant and weather conditions, and aquatic plants in public waters to funding availability; 3) convincing budget monitor control impact and revise authorities that funds will be used although management priorities. only about 25% are typically spent by the • (November 15 - 30) Compile and beginning of the third quarter of the State verify data from inventories and fiscal year (January – the onset of optimum management invoices. large-scale hydrilla management conditions). 31 Challenges

Aquatic plant management is a craft that blends control. However, little has been done to suppress predictable sciences of chemistry and hydrology with other plants invading marshes connected to the highly variable parameters of biology and meteo- Florida’s public waters (Fig. 2). Consequently, rology, for application in venues with boundaries these plants now present significant challenges. defined by human behavior and economics.

Successful aquatic plant managers: Invasive Plant Growth vs. Funding ¥ apply the most appropriate control methods, ¥ conserve, restore, and enhance natural processes and/or human uses of public water bodies, ¥ assess and revise priorities based on ever-changing; - biological conditions, - funding availability, - public perceptions / Fig. 1 demands, - control technologies, - contractor availability, and - weather conditions. Percent of Florida Public Waters Infested with Wild Taro, 1983-2003 The greatest challenges facing Florida aquatic plant managers heading into 2004 include: ¥ sufficient, recurring funding, ¥ variable tolerances of hydrilla clones to fluridone herbicide, ¥ cost effective hydrilla control in multi-use central Florida reservoirs, ¥ managing floating tussocks of plants Fig. 2 and sediments that form as water levels return to pre-drought conditions.

Sufficient, recurring funding Additional funding for invasive plant control became With sufficient funding, hydrilla can be reduced to and available through the Florida Forever Act in FY 01- sustained at a lower level (Fig. 1). Conversely, when 02. However, $4.0 million was cut from the BIPM funds are insufficient, hydrilla expands within infested budget in FY 03-04. While funding should be suffi- waters and is transported to additional waters. When cient to control most hydrilla priorities, this reduction hydrilla expands, a higher level of funding is required will preclude management of most other invasive to regain and maintain control. This principle applies species like torpedograss and wild taro, and leaves to managing most invasive species. Because of their little to deal with the state’s floating tussock problem high management priorities, floating plants and most described later in this section. (but not all) hydrilla populations have been contained. Of the 186 hydrilla populations recorded in 2003, Hydrilla tolerance to fluridone herbicide only nine were considered not under maintenance Since its registration by the USEPA and FDACS for 32 use in Florida waters in 1986, fluridone has provided • analyze treated hydrilla to determine its the chief means for large-scale hydrilla control. It is physiological response to fluridone. slow acting and relatively selective at low doses so hydrilla can be weeded out of native plant populations Hydrilla management in flood control reservoirs without appreciable oxygen reduction prevalent when There are no better examples of the many shared uses using contact-type herbicides on a large scale. of Florida public waters than in the Kissimmee Chain of Lakes (Lakes Toho, Cypress, Hatchineha, and Scientists from several research facilities reported in Kissimmee) and Lake Istokpoga. Likewise there are 2000 that hydrilla appeared to be developing a no better examples of the impacts of hydrilla mainte- tolerance to fluridone in some Florida waters. This nance on the uses of water bodies and, visa versa, the confirms field observations of declining hydrilla control impacts of the uses of water bodies on the ability to even after closely following procedures from previ- conduct hydrilla maintenance. Water levels and ously successful fluridone treatments. This tolerance discharge flows for each of these reservoirs are surprised managers since hydrilla reproduces asexually manipulated by water control structures with pre- in Florida (only female plants are present) leaving no scribed schedules designed and closely adhered to by avenue for gene recombination. Further, fluridone the USACE and SFWMD. These five lakes contain attacks only one gene location in hydrilla leaving a 60% of the state’s hydrilla standing crop in 2003, remote chance for mutations. supporting five of the six largest hydrilla populations recorded during BIPM inspections. Approximately Researchers theorize that as many as 17 different half of the BIPM’s annual budget is spent managing hydrilla clones are possible. At least six have been hydrilla in the Kissimmee Chain and Lake Istokpoga. identified in Florida with tolerances ranging from 2- 27ppb. It is thought that mutations occurr randomly The waters of the Kissimmee Chain and Lake among the billions of growing points in a hydrilla- Istokpoga are used for flood control, navigation, and infested water. Repeated low dose fluridone treat- irrigation. They are world renowned for recreational ments have removed the highly susceptible clones, fishing; provide habitat for waterfowl and opportunities leaving the more tolerant plants behind. for hunting, and are home to rare and endangered species like eagles, storks, cranes, and Implications of hydrilla’s tolerance are great, but Kites. The five lakes, with a collective surface area of hydrilla remains manageable using relatively low doses 92,200 acres, have supported hydrilla infestations of of fluridone. Failure to control hydrilla not only means nearly 70,000 acres. Successful annual management is the loss of hundreds of thousands or perhaps millions imperative or hydrilla will fill the water columns of in management funds, but also the potential for many these lakes bringing recreation and navigation to a millions of dollars in damage from flooding, loss of standstill, severely reducing the capacity to supply recreational opportunities, and native plant habitat irrigation water and flood control protection, reducing destruction. While no methods are available to replace oxygen content causing massive fish kills, and acceler- fluridone for large-scale hydrilla control, more diligent ating the filling in of these already shallow waters. applications of fluridone combined with other control Ironically, annual hydrilla management costs are options, vigilant monitoring, and follow-up treatments escalated and success jeopardized by the very uses can keep hydrilla suppressed. Large-scale hydrilla that hydrilla control is conducted to preserve. applications must include the following steps: • determine hydrilla susceptibility to fluridone, The most opportune time to control hydrilla is in late • determine water body volume to calculate winter through early spring. Hydrilla is actively growing amount of fluridone to apply, and most native plants are dormant allowing for • monitor water to sustain the appropriate selective control using herbicides. Once hydrilla fluridone concentration, reaches the surface in the summer, growth slows 33 requiring more herbicide and longer exposure time. water to restored downstream marshes; however, Water temperatures are cool and hold more oxygen these discharges siphon off thousands of dollars of than in the summer allowing for more of a buffer during fluridone-treated water each day of the 60-90 day hydrilla decomposition. Rainfall chances and quantities treatment regimes. Thousands of pounds of herbicide are generally lower in the winter than during the must be added to compensate for the loss of active summer/fall tropical storm season that would flush out ingredient. If the herbicide concentration falls below herbicide-treated waters. Sunlight that breaks down the threshold level to control hydrilla, then the entire fluridone herbicide is less intense in the winter allowing treatment success is jeopardized. for longer exposure time to hydrilla. Finally, controlling hydrilla in the winter prevents hydrilla from forming Managers from various state, federal, and local mats at the surface that would prevent or hamper the governments are meeting as part of a three-year uses of the infested waters later in the summer. process to evaluate current water schedules in the Kissimmee Upper Basin reservoirs that are regulated Several important functions within these waters by control structures. The BIPM, FWCC, and combine to increase hydrilla control costs and lessen Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation are the chances for management success. Lakes are held collaborating with FSU to estimate the economic value at their highest levels during the winter to store water of all of the uses of Lake Istokpoga. The primary for irrigation later in the year. Increased water levels in focus of these projects is to acknowledge the value of Lake Toho can triple the amount of herbicide needed these waters to local communities and the state. This as well as management costs to achieve the same level to amend current water schedules and develop of control if the waters were at extreme low pool windows of opportunity that accommodate the uses stage. For example, the fluridone herbicide cost to within the Kissimmee Chain and Lake Istokpoga as control 15,000 acres of hydrilla at 49ft NGVD is well as the need for annual water level fluctuations for about $2.5 million; about $9 million at the full pool hydrilla control and periodic drawdowns for habitat winter stage of 55ft NGVD. Fish spawning conditions enhancement. are optimal at 55ft NGVD by allowing bedding and fry survival in the expanded littoral vegetation zone. Floating Islands (Tussocks) Winter is the peak tourist use season and lower water From 1998-2002, most of Florida parched under levels hamper access and navigation. Additionally, extreme drought conditions. Water levels receded by there is concern that lowering lake levels too quickly five feet or more in lakes across Florida exposing may add too much fresh water in downstream estuar- thousands of acres of lake bottom to colonization by ies. Enough water must be retained in the reservoirs to terrestrial vegetation. Transitional plants like cattail provide continuous flows now required to supply encroached into contours previously too deep to allow their growth. As many as 46 public waters were inaccessible during the peak of the drought as boat ramps and access channels completely dried.

Drenching rains returned and water levels recovered quickly in late 2002 and early 2003 to pre-drought conditions, cresting some lakes at record levels. Lake managers are familiar with floating islands or tussocks forming after periods of drying and re-flooding. Funds 19,000-acre Lake Tohopekaliga containing more than are often held in reserve to manage floating tussocks 15,000 acres of fluridone-tolerant hydrilla presents that may form after extreme drawdowns. However, challenges to aquatic plant, fish and wildlife, and flood control managers The flood control and navigation the extent of the most recent drought (numbers of structures are highlighted inside the circle above. waters, area of exposed lake bottom, and duration of 34 drying) combined with the rapid re-flooding (as much socks. Killing the vegetation does not sink the sedi- as 5-8 feet in only a few weeks) resulted in an unprec- ments and plants simply re-colonize the floating mat of edented number of tussocks floating in Florida waters. peat or muck. These thick sediment tussocks must be shredded or harvested, although treating and burning Most tussocks appear to be formed in one of three vegetation first if possible facilitates their control. ways; their management options and associated costs Costs can range from about $3,500/acre for shredding dependent on their mode of formation. In some cases to $10,000 per acre for harvesting. Costs increase if floating mats of plants like frog’s bit, pennywort, and the tussocks need to be hauled from the water body, smartweed grow from shore across the surface of loaded into trucks, and transported to dump sites. In- shallow waters. These vegetative mats break loose in lake disposal sites reduce tussock harvesting costs to wind or waves and float freely in the water body. In the $4,000-$6,000/acre range. other cases, emergent plants like cattail and pickerel- weed grow in soft, muddy substrates. When water An estimated 800 acres of vegetative tussocks and levels increase rapidly the plant’s spongy, buoyant 3,700 acres of sediment tussocks exist in Florida’s tissues pull them loose from the sediments. Small public waters at the end of 2003. Many of these are patches are broken up by wave action; however, anchored to the shore or are out of the way and pose some can cover hundreds of acres; for example cattail no immediate problems. Some may simply resettle to tussocks on Lakes Apopka and Hancock, and must the bottom as water levels recede or wave action may be controlled to keep them from becoming problems. eventually sink them. Many others, however, will Vegetative tussocks as in these two examples are persist and block boat ramp access, navigation within relatively easy and inexpensive to control with herbi- waters, or pose a threat of drifting into bridges, flood cides, usually at a cost of less than $200 per acre. control structures, or cover critical fish and wildlife habitat. The estimated cost to control all floating The most difficult to manage tussocks form when tussocks in public waters is about $20.5 million. terrestrial or emergent aquatic plants anchor tightly in Control of tussocks that are drifting in public waters exposed or shallow sediments. When water levels and pose immediate problems is estimated to cost increase, rather than pulling from the sediments, the about $10 million; a cost that was not foreseen in plants pull the top few inches or few feet of sediments long-range budget planning. This should not be a with them. In some cases, the sediments themselves recurring cost since most waters are at or near full are buoyant (for example, dried peat deposits in the pool and little additional tussock formation is antici- Tsala Apopka marsh / lake system) and float to the pated. A notable exception is Orange Lake that has surface along with overlying aquatic and terrestrial only half recovered from the drought and already has plants. Herbicides alone cannot control these tus- 1,300 acres of floating tussocks.

Rains and increased water levels returned in 2003 beginng with this Nearly 300 acres of tussocks are drifting in Todd Lake, part of the storm on New Years Eve that dropped 6-8 inches across Florida / marsh system in Citrus County 35 Operations – Floating Plants

As droughts end, and waters re-flood, dried water ported in 262 water bodies, hyacinth and water lettuce seeds germinate - 99% under maintenance control, resulting in an explosion of new growth. At the - 233 water bodies contained less height of the drought in 2000, managers reduced than 10 acres of water hyacinth, floating plants to their lowest levels in public ¥ 4,596 acres of water lettuce were re- water bodies (1,500 acres) since records have ported in 158 water bodies, been kept (a high of 125,000 acres was recorded - 98% under maintenance control, in the early 1960s). - 122 water bodies contained less than 10 acres of water lettuce. About 30,021 acres of floating plants were treated in public waters in FY 02-03; Department contractors appeared to turn the corner in floating plant management toward the ¥ approximately 60% water hyacinth and end of 2003. Since most lake and river water 40% water lettuce, levels have been at full capacity and above for ¥ 6,800 more acres than in FY 01-02 more than a year, seedling germination should ¥ 10,100 more acres than the previous, decline in 2004. Likewise, floating plants five-year average. flushed into lakes and rivers from adjacent Managers spent about $3.4 million controlling marshes should decline as waters are returning floating plants during FY 02-03; within their banks. ¥ $0.3 million more than in FY 01-02, While there is little room to improve upon the ¥ $0.7 million more than the previous five- 98% maintenance level reported in 2003, the year average, goal for 2004 is to reduce the overall acres of ¥ about 30% spent by the USACE on Lake floating plants in public waters. About 40% of Okeechobee and the St Johns River. that acreage was reported in just two public 2003 inventories recorded 7,608 acres of float- waters in 2003; Rodman Reservoir and Lake ing plants - only 70 fewer acres than in 2002: Okeechobee. More than 1,600 acres of water ¥ found in 284 (63%) of public waters lettuce were recorded in Rodman Reservoir in inventoried, only the second year after the most recent ¥ floating plants are under maintenance drawdown. Water lettuce is difficult to control control in 98% of Florida’s waters, in this flooded timber reservoir as it grows ¥ 3,012 acres of water hyacinth were re- among trees inaccessible to airboat and heli- copter management crews.

2003 Floating Plant Population Ranges (in acres) in Florida’s Public Waters

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 <1 1-10 10-100 100-1000 >1000

Floating Plant Acre Ranges Water hyacinth seedlings germinating among recently re-flooded bulrush in Lake Okeechobee

36 Operations – Hydrilla

Florida’s hydrilla control program focuses on ¥ hydrilla is under maintenance control containing or eradicating pioneer colonies, in 97% of Florida’s public water bodies, before they become large-scale maintenance - waters of the Kissimmee Federal projects, and reducing established populations Navigation and Flood Control to sustain the various uses of Florida’s public Projects contain 55% of the state’s waters. Hydrilla infested as many as 280 public hydrilla standing crop. lakes and rivers. That number was reduced to Hydrilla was controlled in much of the 186 in 2003; 3/4 of which covered 10 acres or Kissimmee Chain of Lakes in 2003, but re- less. Most of the hydrilla control budget is growth from tubers brought hydrilla back to the spent on 20-25 waters; among them are some water surface by the end of the year. When of the largest and most important in the state. highly susceptible clones dominated hydrilla About 26,300 acres of hydrilla were treated in populations, one fluridone treatment killed the 106 public water bodies in FY 02-03; standing crop as well as regrowth from sprout- ¥ 1,500 more acres than in FY 02-03 ing tubers for several months. Fluridone resi- ¥ about 6,600 more acres than the previ- dues remained in the 3-5ppb range for extended ous 5-year average periods due to slow release from the pellets. The result was nearly two years of control as Managers spent about $ 17.5 million treating regrowth could not begin in earnest until late in hydrilla during FY 02-03; the growing season or early the following year. ¥ about $200,000 more than FY 01-02. ¥ about $4.3 million more than the previ- With tolerant hydrilla now dominating most ous 5-year average large central Florida lakes, the standing crop is reduced by a high dose of fluridone, but the 2003 inventories found 43,415 acres of hyd- concentration cannot be maintained at the 16- rilla standing in 186 public water bodies: 21ppb dose now needed to kill sprouting tubers. ¥ a 5,300 acre reduction from 2002, Funds are insufficient, the prolonged high dose - hydrilla infested 280 public may impact native plants, and summer rains can waters during the past 10 years, flush expensive treatments from the flow- - therefore, tubers are likely present through lakes. Low rates of endothall have a in as many as 280 public waters, synergistic effect on hydrilla with fluridone - tubers cover an estimated 98,400 residues of 5ppb and above and will be applied acres of public water bodies, as follow-up spot treatments in high use areas - tubers represent the potential for as part of the 2004 control campaign. immediate regrowth, Lake Kissimmee Helicopter loaded to apply fluridone herbicide to Lake Istokpoga 2003 Hydrilla Population Ranges (back/right) - Istokpoga water control structure in foreground (in acres) in Florida’s Public Waters

Aerial fluridone herbicide application to Lake Toho, March, 2002 37 Operations – Other Plants

Prior to 1994, about $150,000-$350,000 were for damaging public structures are the highest spent annually managing plants other than management priorities for 2004. water hyacinth, water lettuce, and hydrilla: ¥ funds were insufficient to control $3.7 million were spent controlling 5,025 acres higher priority hydrilla problems, so of other plants in public waters in FY 02-03: ¥ little was affordable for other invasive ¥ 62% to remove floating tussocks, plants. especially in the marshes that connect open pools within the Tsala Apopka 2003 inventories found 17,703 acres of other marsh and Lake Runnymeade. invasive plants present in 87% of Florida’s public waters. With the exception of about ¥ 18% for invasive plants, 11,000 acres of torpedograss in Lake - $655,968 / 2,965 acres of torpedograss Okeechobee, most populations are small and - $7,978 / 5 acres of para grass comingled with native plants making their - $4,875 / 15 acres W. Indian marsh grass detection and control difficult. - $3,575 / 1 acre of aquatic nightshade - $1,808 / 13 acres of wild taro Alternating periods of severe drought and flooding created floating vegetation and organic ¥ 13% to control native plants for access sediment islands, or tussocks, in many lakes. and navigation and in support of draw More than 4,500 acres of tussocks were identi- downs to restore fishery habitat. fied at the end of 2003. About half are drifting freely with many of these blocking access and ¥ 4% to harvest the exotic Eurasian navigation or jaming against bridges and clog- watermilfoil and lyngbya, an exotic ging flood control structures. Those with the filamentous alga, from the endangered potential manatee sanctuary in .

¥ 3% to revegetate littoral zones after invasive plant control and muck re- moval.

Clockwise from above left; exclosures protecting planted eelgrass from turtle predation in Lake Walk-in-Water after hydrilla control and muck removal; shredding floating tussocks drifting toward the Highway 60 bridge and Kissimmee outfall structure after heavy rainfall and sudden water level increase; 1,000-acre imazapyr herbicide test plots in 16,000-acre torpedograss infestation in Lake Okeechobee marsh. 38 FY 02-03 Management Statistics

Acres of Aquatic Plants Treated and Treatment Expenditures in Florida Public Waters During Fiscal Year 2002 - 2003 (Data represents compilation of all contractor activities within each water management district) Acres Trtd. Northwest Suwannee St. Johns Southwest S. Florida TOTAL Floating 1,017 702 8,848 5,062 14,393 30,021 Hydrilla 656 80 275 2,797 22,498 26,307 Other Plants 115 83 1,272 1,635 5,086 8,191 TOTAL 1,788 865 10,396 9,494 41,977 64,520 Expenditures Northwest Suwannee St. Johns Southwest S. Florida TOTAL Floating $ 66,482 $ 55,437 $1,013,484 $ 653,469 $ 1,590,648 $ 3,379,520 Hydrilla 141,182 54,709 194,689 1,794,248 15,360,141 17,544,970 Other Plants 382,090 11,689 235,702 1,739,634 1,371,892 3,741,007 TOTAL $589,754 $121,836 $1,443,875 $4,187,351 $18,322,681 $24,665,497

Federal, State and Local Funds Expended during Fiscal Year 2002 - 2003 Managing Aquatic Plants in Florida Public Water Bodies Government / Plant Intercounty Intracounty TOTAL Federal Floating Plants $ 1,228,752 0 $ 1,228,752 Hydrilla 0 0 0 Other Plants 0 0 0 Subtotal $ 1,228,752 0 $ 1,228,752 State Floating Plants $ 2,083,038 $ 33,865 $ 2,116,903 Hydrilla 17,008,655 268,157 17,276,813 Other Plants 3,622,501 59,253 3,681,754 Subtotal $ 22,714,195 $ 361,275 $ 23,075,470 Local Floating Plants 0 $ 33,865 $ 33,865 Hydrilla 0 268,157 268,157 Other Plants 0 59,253 59,253 Subtotal 0 $ 361,275 $ 361,275 TOTAL Floating Plants $ 3,311,790 $ 67,730 $ 3,379,520 Hydrilla 17,008,655 536,314 17,544,970 Other Plants 3,622,501 118,506 3,741,007 GRAND TOTAL $ 23,942,947 $ 722,550 $ 24,665,007

39 Funding Needs

• control new infestations of other The following table lists acres of aquatic plants invasive plants, and floating tussocks inventoried during 2003 • scale back control of other estab- in Florida’s 1.26 million acres of public lakes lished lished invasive plant popula- and rivers. The table also includes acres of tions, plants treated and associated management costs • only control floating tussocks at the for FY 02-03 along with estimated acres of expense of priorities listed above. plants that will need control in FY 03-04 and respective cost allocations from the FY 03-04 Florida plant managers have the tools and infra- Legislative Spending Authority for this control. structure to control aquatic plants, and floating tussocks as well as the motivation to continually FY 03-04 funding available for aquatic plant improve upon their craft. Consequently, control is not sufficient to meet priority man- Florida’s aquatic plant management program has agement objectives. The FY 03-04 budget long served as a model for other states and reflects a $4 million reduction from FY 02-03 countries interested in building comprehensive and was authorized before the unforeseen invasive species control programs. magnitude of the floating tussock problem developed. The FY 03-04 funding level will Providing sufficient funding to apply their crafts allow managers to: acknowledges the confidence of Floridians in • sustain floating plant maintenance, their managers, and ensures that Florida’s • achieve or sustain maintenance public water bodies will remain unobstructed control of existing large-scale from invasive aquatic plant problems. hydrilla problems, 2002 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Plant Acres Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Present Treated Spent Approved Allocated Hydrilla *98,390 26,307 $ 17,544,970 25,800 $ 17,495,200 Floating plants 7,608 30,021 3,379,520 17,200 2,181,121 Torpedograss 15,260 2,965 655,968 3,153 530,549 Wild taro 712 13 1,808 138 28,024 Paragrass 1,263 5 7,978 45 5,325 Hygrophila 252 0 0 60 28,250 West Indian marsh grass 184 15 4,875 11 1,200 Aquatic nightshade 86 11 3,575 75 11,250 Water spinach 1 0 0 1 350 Giant salvinia 0 0 0 0 0 Other plants 222,703 2,389 732,441 5,087 1,581,299 Floating tussocks 4,500 2,794 2,334,362 1,995 685,150 TOTAL ESTIMATE 350,959 64,520 $ 24,665,497 49,271 $ 22,547,717 * estimated area impacted by hydrilla tubers

40 APPENDIX I

Aquatic Plant Operations in Florida Public Waters for FY 02-03 and Projected Aquatic Plant Management Needs for FY 03-04 Appendix I

FY 02-03 Annual Report, Appendix I - Key

Aquatic Plant Operations in Florida Public Waters for FY 02-03 and Projected Aquatic Plant Management Needs for FY03-04

Water Body Name of public lake or river Water Acres Acres of lake or river County County in which the water body lies (note: many water bodies lie in more than one County. For example: the St. Johns River lies in 11 counties, but for convenience it has been assigned to St. Johns County) WMD Water Management District in which the water body lies Contractor Agency or private company that conducts aquatic plant management in the water body listed Brevard Brevard County Citrus Citrus County FWC Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Highlands Highlands County Hillsborough Hillsborough County Lake Lake County Orange Orange County Palm Beach Palm Beach County Polk Polk County Private Private companies supervised by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection SFWMD South Florida Water Management District SJRWMD St. Johns River Water Management District SWFWMD Southwest Florida Water Management District USACE US Army Corps of Engineers Volusia Volusia County

Plant Type “Floating Plants” = water hyacinth and/or water lettuce 02-03 Acres Treated Acres of plants managed during fiscal year 02-03 02-03 Dollars Spent Dollars spent controlling plants during fiscal year 02-03 03-04 Acres Approved Acres of plants permitted to be controlled during fiscal year 03-04 under DEP’s Cooperative Program. “R” FWC revegetation project. 03-04 Dollars Allocated Dollars allocated to manage plants in fiscal year 03-04.

2 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Adalaide, Lake 96 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 767 1 720 Adalaide, Lake 96 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 95 Agnes, Lake 386 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 143 5 300 371 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Cattails 1 196 2 527 Alafia River 371 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 52 7,790 30 8,969 Alafia River 371 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Paspalum 2 281 Alafia River 371 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Pennywort 7 1,119 6 1,483 Alafia River 371 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Primrose 9 1,472 2 527 Alfred, Lake 736 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 1 95 20 1,200 Alfred, Lake 736 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 623 2 700 Alligator Lake 3,406 FWC Osceola SF Cattails 10 1,000 Alligator Lake 3,406 FWC Osceola SF Pickerelweed 10 1,000 Alligator Lake 338 Private Columbia SR Floating Plants 237 18,737 100 10,000 Alligator Lake 3,406 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 4 482 10 1,300 Alligator Lake 3,406 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 10 4,634 10 3,000 Alligator Lake 3,406 SFWMD Osceola SF S. cubensis 5 750 Alligator Lake 338 Private Columbia SR Hydrilla 5 3,250 Alligator Lake 338 Private Columbia SR Pennywort 1 200 Alligator Lake 338 Private Columbia SR Tussocks 4 5,374 Alligator Lake 338 Private Columbia SR Wild taro 1 200 Alligator Lake 338 Private Columbia SR Willows 33 2,658 5 1,000 Alligator Lake 338 Private Columbia SR Woody plnts 2 Alto, Lake 540 Private Alachua SR Floating Plants 2 200 Alto, Lake 540 Private Alachua SR Hydrilla 0 195 Alto, Lake 540 Private Alachua SR Nuphar 2 400 Alto, Lake 540 Private Alachua SR Salvinia 1 200 200 SWFWMD Pasco SW Floating Plants 26 3,455 16 3,200 Annie, Lake 539 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Apopka, Lake 30,671 SJRWMD Orange SJ Cattails 41 11,348 53 7,950 Apopka, Lake 30,671 SJRWMD Orange SJ Floating Plants 14 2,701 20 1,600 Apopka, Lake 30,671 SJRWMD Orange SJ Hydrilla 13 20,065 20 12,000 Apopka-Beauclair Canal 53 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 1 521 1 50 Apopka-Beauclair Canal 49 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 11 1,845 8 750 Apopka-Beauclair Canal 52 Lake Lake SJ Paragrass 3 420 Apopka-Beauclair Canal 51 Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 1 140 Apthorpe, Lake 219 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 767 1 720 Apthorpe, Lake 219 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 95 Apthorpe, Lake 219 Highlands Highlands SW Torpedograss 1 95 Arbuckle Creek 120 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 250 20,982 300 28,500 Arbuckle Creek 120 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 2 1,440 Arbuckle Creek 120 Highlands Highlands SW Pennywort 5 253 30 2,850 Arbuckle Creek 120 Highlands Highlands SW Tree snagging 0 5,000 Arbuckle, Lake 3,828 FWC Polk SF Bulrush 2,500 Arbuckle, Lake 3,828 FWC Polk SF Cattails 25 2,500 Arbuckle, Lake 3,828 FWC Polk SF Nuphar 10 1,000 Arbuckle, Lake 3,828 FWC Polk SF S. cubensis 20 2,000 Arbuckle, Lake 3,828 FWC Polk SF Torpedograss 10 1,000

3 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Arbuckle, Lake 3,828 Polk Polk SF Floating Plants 661 62,926 300 36,000 Arbuckle, Lake 3,828 Polk Polk SF Hydrilla 10 7,000 Ariana, Lake 1,026 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 5 600 Ariana, Lake 1,026 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 5 3,500 Ashby, Lake 1,030 FWC Volusia SJ Bulrush R 14,994 13,000 Ashby, Lake 1,030 FWC Volusia SJ Cattails 100 7,565 20 4,000 Ashby, Lake 1,030 FWC Volusia SJ Knotgrass R 9,948 Ashby, Lake 1,030 FWC Volusia SJ Maidencane R 9,948 13,000 Ashby, Lake 1,030 Volusia Volusia SW Alligatorweed 4 343 Ashby, Lake 1,030 Volusia Volusia SW Floating Plants 13 1,703 20 4,000 Ashby, Lake 1,030 Volusia Volusia SW Hydrilla 1 500 Ashby, Lake 1,030 Volusia Volusia SW Parrot Feather 3 245 Ashby, Lake 1,030 Volusia Volusia SW Torpedograss 3 304 12 2,000 Ashby, Lake 1,030 Volusia Volusia SW Wild taro 2 147 Banana Lake 342 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 39 3,668 30 3,600 Banana Lake 342 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 64 39,845 10 74,704 Barton canal 10 Brevard Brevard SJ Brazillian pepper 1 148 Barton canal 10 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 5 887 Beauclair, Lake 1,111 FWC Lake SJ Cattails 3 2,097 1 4,100 Beauclair, Lake 1,111 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 0 681 Beauclair, Lake 1,111 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 2 243 4 480 Blanche, Lake 121 Orange Orange SJ Hydrilla 6 2,799 6,555 SJRWMD SJ Floating Plants 124 23,505 100 10,600 Blue Cypress Lake 6,555 SJRWMD Indian River SJ Hydrilla 1 600 Blue Lake 118 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 240 Blue Lake 118 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 311 1 700 Blue Lake 55 Volusia Volusia SJ Alligatorweed 0 20 Blue Lake 55 Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 2 312 8 800 Blue Lake 55 Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 1 250 Blue Lake 55 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 2 216 5 400 Bonnet, Lake 260 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 84 2 190 Bonnet, Lake 260 Highlands Highlands SW Nuphar 1 51 3 285 Bonnet, Lake 260 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 51 1 95 Bonny, Lake 354 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 3 286 5 600 Bonny, Lake 354 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 33 20,545 15 72,000 Bourbeau Park 2 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 3 327 220 SWFWMD Manatee SW Coontail 2 715 5 1,800 Braden River 220 SWFWMD Manatee SW Floating Plants 150 19,948 120 18,000 Braden River 220 SWFWMD Manatee SW Hydrilla 10 8,000 Braden River 220 SWFWMD Manatee SW I. Fistulosa 1 200 Braden River 220 SWFWMD Manatee SW Paspalum 5 1,462 2 400 Brick Lake 616 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 5 650 Bryant, Lake 767 Private Marion SJ Floating Plants 5 500 Bryant, Lake 767 Private Marion SJ Hydrilla 0 0 Buckeye Lake 71 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Buffum, Lake 1,543 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 30 2,810 25 1,500 Buffum, Lake 1,543 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 Bugg Springs 7 Lake Lake SJ Alligatorweed 5 500 Bugg Springs 7 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 10 1,662 11 1,500

4 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Bugg Springs 7 Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 5 2,605 5 500 Butler, Lake 1,665 Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 2 70 Butler, Lake 1,665 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 50 20,688 Butler, Lake 420 Private Union SR Chinese tallow 1 100 Butler, Lake 420 Private Union SR Floating Plants 4 277 2 200 Butler, Lake 420 Private Union SR Hydrilla 0 65 Butler, Lake 420 Private Union SR Torpedograss 5 360 C-35 Toho-Cypress 81 SFWMD Osceola SF Cattails 5 750 C-35 Toho-Cypress 81 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 15 1,950 C-36 Cyprs-Hatch 40 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 20 2,600 C-37 Hatch-Kiss 71 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 20 1,600 C-37 Hatch-Kiss 71 SFWMD Osceola SF Grasses 3 510 C-37 Hatch-Kiss 71 SFWMD Osceola SF Smartweed 2 340 Cannon Lake 336 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 3 360 Cannon Lake 336 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 97 60,234 200 25,000 Carlton, Lake 382 FWC Lake SJ Cattails 1 862 20 3,500 Carlton, Lake 382 FWC Lake SJ Grasses 7,000 Carlton, Lake 382 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 1 399 1 100 Carlton, Lake 382 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 2 200 Carr Lake 400 Private Leon NW Floating Plants 10 1,000 Carr Lake 400 Private Leon NW Hydrilla 0 0 Carrie, Lake 65 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 3 252 2 190 Carrie, Lake 65 Highlands Highlands SW Wild taro 1 51 2 190 Carter Road Park 151 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 1 48 25 0 Carter Road Park 150 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 0 Catfish Crk & canals 30 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 4 380 Catfish Crk & canals 30 Highlands Highlands SW Nuphar 1 56 4 380 Center, Lake 410 FWC Osceola SF Cupscale Grs 15 1,076 10 1,000 Center, Lake 410 FWC Osceola SF Paragrass 5 500 Center, Lake 410 FWC Osceola SF Pickerelweed 5 500 Center, Lake 410 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 39 4,699 15 1,950 Center, Lake 410 SFWMD Osceola SF S. cubensis 5 850 Chase, Lake 135 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 14 5,613 1,000 Citrus Citrus SW Cattails 2 700 Chassahowitzka River 1,000 Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 5 2,000 Chassahowitzka River 1,000 Citrus Citrus SW Lyngbya 6 4,800 Chassohowitzka River 1,000 Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 3 656 10 3,250 Cherry Lake 479 Private Madison SR Wild taro Cherry, Lake 396 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 100 Cherry, Lake 396 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700 Cherry, Lake 479 Private Madison SR Floating Plants 0 19 Clark Lake 320 Brevard Brevard SJ Cattails 2 181 1 182 Clark Lake 320 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 106 1 179 Clark Lake 33 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Floating Plants 4 883 10 9,364 Clark Lake 33 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Hydrilla 11 7,751 30 26,000 Clay Lake 467 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95 Clay Lake 467 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 25 19,184 30 21,600 Clay Lake 467 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 95 Clinch, Lake 1,207 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 143 3 180

5 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Colby, Lake 103 Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 1 130 4 300 Colby, Lake 103 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 1 137 6 480 Conine, Lake 236 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 3 286 5 600 Conine, Lake 236 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 112 69,729 75 15,000 Conway, Lake 1,767 FWC Orange sf Bulrush 525 Conway, Lake 1,767 FWC Orange sf Cattails 113 Conway, Lake 1,767 FWC Orange SF Duckpotato R 138 Conway, Lake 1,767 FWC Orange sf Primrose 113 Conway, Lake 1,767 FWC Orange sf Torpedograss 188 Conway, Lake 1,767 FWC Orange sf Wild taro 75 Conway, Lake 1,767 Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 16 570 Conway, Lake 1,767 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 145 57,693 50 25,000 Cook, Lake 20 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 100 Cook, Lake 20 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700 Coon Lake 148 FWC Osceola sf Cupscale Grs 5 359 5 500 Coon Lake 148 FWC Osceola sf Paragrass 2 200 Coon Lake 148 FWC Osceola sf Pickerelweed 5 500 Coon Lake 148 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 2 241 10 1,300 Coon Lake 148 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 2 2,200 Coon Lake 148 SFWMD Osceola SF S. cubensis 10 1,300 Corrine, Lake 194 FWC Orange sj Cattails 75 Corrine, Lake 194 FWC Orange sj Fence maint. 1,944 2 100 Corrine, Lake 193 FWC Orange sj Hydrilla 5 2,500 Corrine, Lake 194 FWC Orange sj Primrose 19 Corrine, Lake 194 FWC Orange sj Torpedograss 113 Corrine, Lake 194 FWC Orange sj Wild taro 75 143 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 100 Crescent Lake 143 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 10 7,000 Crooked Lake 5,538 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 19 1,786 15 900 Crooked Lake 5,538 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 Crystal River 1,650 Citrus Citrus SW Eurasian milfoil 1 2,074 150 60,000 Crystal River 1,650 Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 7 1,422 25 7,125 Crystal River 1,650 Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 5 2,000 Crystal River 1,650 Citrus Citrus SW Lyngbya 77 122,733 390 312,000 Crystal, Lake 32 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Cypress Lake 4,097 FWC Osceola SF Bulrush 2,500 Cypress Lake 4,097 FWC Osceola SF Grasses 5,000 Cypress Lake 4,097 FWC Osceola SF Tussocks 50 5,000 Cypress Lake 4,097 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 111 13,374 200 26,000 Cypress Lake 4,097 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 1,601 1,102,858 600 1,100,500 Daisy, Lake 133 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Dal Housie, Lake 243 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 25 Damon, Lake 300 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 3 143 Damon, Lake 300 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 360 Damon, Lake 300 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 51 1 48 David, Lake 49 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 25 David, Lake 49 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 175 Davis Lake 8 Private Bay NW Floating Plants 5 500 Dead Lakes 3,655 Private Gulf NW Floating Plants 10 1,000

6 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Dead River 148 Lake Lake SJ Alligatorweed 1 100 Dead River 148 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 1 100 Dead River 148 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 3 465 3 300 Dead River 148 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 846 5 3,500 Dead River 148 Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 3 300 Deaton, Lake 778 Private Sumter SW Tussocks 8 10,492 Deaton, Lake 778 SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 1 241 10 3,000 Deer Lake 125 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Deer Lake 125 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 53 32,685 30 30,000 Deer Point Lake 5,000 Private Bay NW Eurasian milfoil 20 0 Deeson, Lake 117 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Deeson, Lake 117 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 Delancy, Lake 342 Private Marion SJ Floating Plants 1 53 5 500 Delancy, Lake 342 Private Marion SJ Hydrilla 6 4,941 1 0 Delancy, Lake 342 Private Marion SJ Torpedograss 0 18 DeLeon Springs St Park Private Volusia SJ Hydrilla 3 3,399 Denham, Lake 269 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 7 1,214 14 1,680 Denham, Lake 269 Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 5 500 Dias, Lake 711 Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 1 104 8 800 Dias, Lake 711 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 3 265 6 480 Dinner Lake 379 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2 190 Dinner Lake 379 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 767 1 720 Disston, Lake 1,884 Private Flagler SJ Floating Plants 8 426 5 625 Disston, Lake 1,884 Private Flagler SJ Torpedograss 2 400 Dora Canal 10 Lake Lake SJ Alligatorweed 1 100 Dora Canal 10 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 89 2 200 Dora Canal 10 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 3 2,100 Dora Canal 10 Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 2 200 Dora, Lake 4,475 FWC Lake SJ Bulrush 7,500 Dora, Lake 4,475 FWC Lake SJ Cattails 2 1,541 40 9,000 Dora, Lake 4,475 FWC Lake SJ Grasses 7,500 Dora, Lake 4,475 Lake Lake SJ Bulrush R 5,985 Dora, Lake 4,475 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 23 3,055 1 100 Dora, Lake 4,475 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 122 2 200 Dora, Lake 4,475 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0 94 1 350 Dorr, Lake 1,533 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 2 100 Dorr, Lake 1,533 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 2 1,409 1 175 Dorr, Lake 1,533 Lake Lake SJ S. cubensis 3 150 Down, Lake 872 Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 2 70 Down, Lake 872 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 208 83,146 18 6,750 Eagle Lake 651 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 5 300 Eagle Lake 651 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 3 1,050 East Lk Tohopekaliga 11,968 FWC Osceola SF Tussocks 60 6,000 East Lk Tohopekaliga 12,546 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 284 34,219 300 39,000 East Lk Tohopekaliga 12,546 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 309 143,183 300 208,380 East Lk Tohopekaliga 12,546 SFWMD Osceola SF Hygrophilla 50 16,500 East Lk Tohopekaliga 12,546 SFWMD Osceola SF Limnophilla 50 60,500 Eaton, Lake 307 FWC Marion SJ Bulrush 2,100 Eaton, Lake 307 FWC Marion SJ Cattails 10 50,000

7 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Eaton, Lake 307 Private Marion SJ Floating Plants 15 815 34 4,250 Eaton, Lake 307 Private Marion SJ Hydrilla 30 31,000 Echo, Lake 69 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Echo, Lake 69 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 270 Private Taylor SR Wild taro 0 20 Econlockhatchee R. 120 SJRWMD SJ Floating Plants 1 95 4 500 Elbert, Lake 173 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 86 53,230 2 120 Elbert, Lake 173 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 60 3,500 Elbow Creek 5 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 106 1 0 Elbow Creek 5 Brevard Brevard SJ S. cubensis 1 91 1 0 Ella, Lake 467 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 50 Ella, Lake 467 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0 225 5 3,500 Eloise, Lake 1,160 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 4 357 10 1,200 Eloise, Lake 1,160 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 3 1,556 2 1,400 Emma, Lake 175 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 85 Emma, Lake 175 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 2 1,400 Eustis, Lake 7,806 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 1 100 Eustis, Lake 7,806 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 16 2,576 18 2,400 Eustis, Lake 7,806 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 7 6,671 7 4,900 Eva Lake 176 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Eva Lake 176 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 Fairview, Lake 402 FWC Orange SJ C. papyrus 1 125 Fairview, Lake 401 FWC Orange SJ Nypmphae spp. 10 2,500 Fairview, Lake 401 FWC Orange SJ Primrose 38 Fairview, Lake 401 FWC Orange SJ Torpedograss 150 Fairview, Lake 401 FWC Orange SJ Wild taro 75 Fairview, Lake 401 Orange Orange SJ Cattails 188 Fairview, Lake 401 Orange Orange SJ Floating Plants 5 150 Fairview, Lake 401 Orange Orange SJ Hydrilla 106 42,122 20 38,000 Fannie, Lake 829 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 131 12,480 75 9,000 Fannie, Lake 829 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 30 21,000 Fish Lake 221 SFWMD Osceola SF Cattails 1 130 Fish Lake 221 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 10 1,300 Fish Lake 221 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 1 1,100 Fish Lake 221 SFWMD Osceola SF Paragrass 1 130 Fish Lake 221 SFWMD Osceola SF Pickerelweed 1 130 Fisheating Creek 150 SFWMD Glades SF Floating Plants 100 1,000 Florence Canal &Lake 4 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 12 1,580 Fox Lake 165 Brevard Brevard SJ Cattails 63 5,712 30 2,452 Fox Lake 165 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 147 15,514 60 4,727 Fox Lake 165 Brevard Brevard SJ Frog's bit 1 85 Fox Lake 165 Brevard Brevard SJ Hydrilla 1 1,836 1 365 Fox Lake 165 Brevard Brevard SJ Melaleuca 1 1,683 Francis, Lake 539 Highlands Highlands SW Cattails 1 48 Francis, Lake 539 Highlands Highlands SW D.Papyrs 2 190 Francis, Lake 539 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 3 285 Francis, Lake 539 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 720 Francis, Lake 539 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 2 190 Francis, Lake 26 Private Madison SR Cattails

8 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Francis, Lake 26 Private Madison SR Floating Plants 2 200 Ft. Meade Pits 28 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 3 238 3 180 Ft. Meade Pits 28 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 Gant, Lake&Canal 150 SWFWMD Sumter SW Floating Plants 32 4,213 35 5,250 Gant, Lake&Canal 150 SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 3 900 Gant, Lake&Canal 150 SWFWMD Sumter SW Nuphar 3 845 Gant, Lake&Canal 150 SWFWMD Sumter SW Tussocks 2 1,200 Garfield, Lake 655 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 41 3,906 50 6,000 Garfield, Lake 655 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1,400 Gatlin, Lake 63 FWC Orange SF Cattails 83 Gatlin, Lake 63 FWC Orange SF Maidencane R 231 Gatlin, Lake 63 FWC Orange SF Primrose 19 Gatlin, Lake 63 FWC Orange SF Torpedograss 86 Gatlin, Lake 63 FWC Orange SF Wild taro 38 Gator, Lake 114 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 4 357 5 300 Gemini Springs 20 Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 5 800 Gemini Springs 20 Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 3 1,500 Gentry, Lake 1,791 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 19 2,289 20 2,600 Gentry, Lake 1,791 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 35 16,218 35 24,000 Gentry, Lake 1,791 SFWMD Osceola SF S. cubensis 5 650 Georges Lake 816 Private Putnam SJ Floating Plants 5 266 10 1,000 Georges Lake 816 Private Putnam SJ Wild taro 0 20 Gibson, Lake 474 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 61 5,788 50 6,000 Gibson, Lake 474 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 8 4,981 15 10,500 Gleason Lake 91 Volusia Volusia SJ Cattails 2 176 Gleason Lake 91 Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 3 300 Gleason Lake 91 Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 10 3,758 20 2,500 Gleason Lake 91 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 4 363 0 0 Glenada, Lake 150 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 5 475 Glenada, Lake 150 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 4 3,069 4 2,880 Grasshopper Lake 213 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 25 Grasshopper Lake 213 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 175 Green canal 6 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 12 1,267 Griffin, Lake 16,505 FWC Lake SJ Bulrush R 23,982 13,000 Griffin, Lake 9,281 FWC Lake SJ Cattails 70 6,919 40 12,500 Griffin, Lake 9,281 FWC Lake SJ Grasses 13,000 Griffin, Lake 9,281 FWC Lake SJ Torpedograss 2 280 Griffin, Lake 16,505 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 1 521 2 200 Griffin, Lake 16,505 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 76 12,279 55 7,100 Griffin, Lake 9,281 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 31 29,135 14 9,800 Griffin, Lake 16,505 Private Lake SJ Tussocks 1 3,516 Guano River WMA 1,801 Private St. Johns SJ Cattails 15 Guano River WMA 1,800 Private St. Johns SJ Floating Plants 47 2,504 10 1,000 Haines Creek 780 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 0 130 1 50 Haines Creek 780 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 14 2,330 23 2,900 Haines Creek 780 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0 179 3 2,100 Haines, Lake 716 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 5 476 10 1,200 Haines, Lake 716 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 565 351,911 300 25,000 Half Moon, Lake 340 Private Marion SJ Floating Plants 2 200

9 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Half Moon, Lake 340 Private Marion SJ Hydrilla 0 0 Hall, Lake 172 Private Leon NW Floating Plants 6 392 10 1,000 Hall, Lake 172 Private Leon NW Hydrilla 1 0 Halls River 100 Citrus Citrus SW Cattails 5 1,750 Halls River 100 Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 1 109 10 2,750 Halls River 100 Citrus Citrus SW Giant reed 5 1,750 Halls River 100 Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 5 2,000 Halls River 100 Citrus Citrus SW Lyngbya 1 1,149 15 12,000 Hamilton, Lake 2,126 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 99 9,384 50 6,000 Hamilton, Lake 2,126 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 934 5 3,500 Hancock, Lake 4,519 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 223 21,198 250 30,000 Hancock, Lake 4,519 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 700 Hancock, Lake 4,519 Polk Polk SW Tussocks 139 11,728 Hancock, Lake 4,000 Private Polk SW Tussocks 21 26,869 Hancock, Lake 4,000 SWFWMD Polk SW Tussocks 177 57,522 125 25,000 Harris, Lake 13,788 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 1 100 Harris, Lake 13,788 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 11 1,712 19 2,300 Harris, Lake 13,788 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 58 54,587 120 117,000 Harris, Lake 13,788 Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 2 280 Hart, Lake 1,850 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 6 723 20 2,600 Hart, Lake 1,850 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 1 1,100 Hart, Lake 1,850 SFWMD Osceola SF S. cubensis 5 650 Hartridge, Lake 434 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 6 524 5 600 Hartridge, Lake 434 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1,245 5 3,500 Hatchineha, Lake 6,665 FWC Polk SW Cattails 100 5,859 25 3,000 Hatchineha, Lake 6,665 FWC Osceola SF Tussocks 100 10,000 Hatchineha, Lake 6,665 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 24 2,286 Hatchineha, Lake 6,665 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1,400 Hatchineha, Lake 6,665 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 235 28,315 300 39,000 Hatchineha, Lake 6,665 SFWMD Osceola SF Frog's bit 15 1,950 Hatchineha, Lake 6,665 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 1,993 1,373,147 800 1,303,380 Hatchineha, Lake 6,665 SFWMD Osceola SF S. cubensis 5 650 Helen, Lake 25 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 2 235 1 125 Helen, Lake 25 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 3 225 Helena Run 38 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 9 1,459 14 1,800 Helena Run 38 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 6 5,835 5 3,500 Hellen-Blazes, Lake 381 SJRWMD Brevard SJ Floating Plants 28 5,213 40 4,240 Hellen-Blazes, Lake 381 SJRWMD Brevard SJ Frog's bit 2 300 Henry, Lake 64 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 42 1 95 Henry, Lake 64 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 720 Henry, Lake 64 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 25 1 95 Hiawatha, Lake 48 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 1 100 Hiawatha, Lake 48 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 22 3,547 8 1,000 Hiawatha, Lake 48 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 2 1,879 2 1,400 Hillsborough River 443 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Cattails 5 1,317 Hillsborough River 443 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 41 6,244 96 24,938 Hillsborough River 443 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Hydrilla 2 1,190 Hillsborough River 443 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Paspalum 21 3,624 5 1,317 Hillsborough River 443 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Pennywort 15 2,486 10 2,472

10 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Hillsborough River 443 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Primrose 5 1,317 Holden's Pond 80 Private Alachua SJ Floating Plants 4 226 5 500 Holden's Pond 80 Private Alachua SJ Hydrilla 1 350 Holden's Pond 80 Private Alachua SJ Torpedograss 1 100 Holden's Pond 80 Private Alachua SJ Wild taro 1 100 hollingsworth 356 FWC Polk SW Knotgrass R 2,300 Hollingsworth, Lake 356 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 1 95 2 240 Hollingsworth, Lake 356 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1,400 Holly Lake 98 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 50 Holly Lake 98 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 4 2,490 1 700 Holly Lake 98 Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 1 140 Homestead Canal 11 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 365 800 Citrus Citrus SW Cattails 2 700 Homosassa River 800 Citrus Citrus SW Eurasian milfoil 75 30,000 Homosassa River 800 Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 20 5,500 Homosassa River 800 Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 5 2,000 Homosassa River 800 Citrus Citrus SW Lyngbya 10 15,462 100 80,000 Homosassa River 800 Citrus Citrus SW W.Spinach 1 350 Howard, Lake 628 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 3 360 Howard, Lake 628 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 320 199,380 300 30,000 Hunter, Lake 100 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 241 1 350 Hunter, Lake 100 SWFWMD Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Hunter, Lake 302 SWFWMD Polk SW Hydrilla 2 750 Hunter, Lake 302 SWFWMD Polk SW Nuphar 3 250 Huntley, Lake 500 Highlands Highlands SW Cattails 1 48 Huntley, Lake 500 Highlands Highlands SW D.Papyrs 2 101 4 380 Huntley, Lake 500 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 84 5 475 Huntley, Lake 500 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 767 1 720 Huntley, Lake 500 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 2 101 2 190 Iamonia, Lake 5,757 Private Leon NW Floating Plants 102 6,668 20 2,000 Iamonia, Lake 5,757 Private Leon NW Hydrilla 1 0 Iamonia, Lake 5,757 Private Leon NW Nypmphae spp. 126 0 Iamonia, Lake 5,757 Private Leon NW Tussocks 20 25,334 50 0 100 Private Columbia SR Floating Plants 5 Ida, Lake 159 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Floating Plants 6 1,578 10 5,000 Ida, Lake 159 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Hydrilla 73 51,614 10 10,000 Ida, Lake 159 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Wild taro 2 2,186 Idylwild, Lake 102 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 1 48 3 360 Idylwild, Lake 102 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 38 23,658 10 7,000 Isabell, Lake 95 Highlands Highlands SW Cattails 32 1,617 15 713 Isabell, Lake 95 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 25 2,098 25 1,188 Isabell, Lake 95 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 2 101 2 95 Isleworth, Lake 56 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 2 1,000 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 FWC Highlands SF Bulrush R 4,499 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 FWC Highlands SF Cattails 450 45,000 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 FWC Highlands SF Knotgrass R 4,480 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 FWC Highlands SF Nuphar 24 2,400 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 FWC Highlands SF S. cubensis 50 5,000 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 FWC Highlands SF Tussocks 1,024 63,650 50 0

11 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 Highlands Highlands SF Cattails 10 950 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 Highlands Highlands SF Floating Plants 2,189 183,722 2,000 190,000 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 Highlands Highlands SF Hydrilla 2,639 2,025,030 200 1,703,040 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 Highlands Highlands SF Nuphar 1 51 15 1,425 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 Highlands Highlands SF Pickerelweed 500 50,000 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 Highlands Highlands SF S. cubensis 75 3,789 75 7,125 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 Highlands Highlands SF Tussocks 143 7,200 Istokpoga, Lake 27,692 Highlands Highlands SF Wild taro 15 1,425 Jacks Creek 50 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95 Jackson Creek 50 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 14 1,175 20 1,900 Jackson Creek 50 Highlands Highlands SW Nuphar 4 195 20 1,900 Jackson, Lake 1,020 FWC Osceola SF Cattails 10 1,000 Jackson, Lake 1,020 FWC Osceola SF Pickerelweed 20 2,000 Jackson, Lake 1,020 FWC Osceola SF S. cubensis 10 1,000 Jackson, Lake 1,020 FWC Osceola SF Smartweed 50 4,406 Jackson, Lake 1,020 FWC Osceola SF Tussocks 50 3,693 25 Jackson, Lake 3,400 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 5 420 5 475 Jackson, Lake 3,400 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 2 1,440 Jackson, Lake 3,400 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 5 475 Jackson, Lake 1,020 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 139 16,748 200 26,000 Jackson, Lake 1,020 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 312 144,573 300 170,910 Jackson, Lake 1,020 SFWMD Osceola SF Smartweed 40 4,000 Jackson, Lake 4,000 Private Leon NW Floating Plants 65 4,249 20 2,000 Jackson, Lake 4,000 Private Leon NW Hydrilla 542 116,659 200 138,000 James Canal 8 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 0 Jessamine, Lake 306 FWC Orange SJ Cattails 5 0 Jessamine, Lake 306 Orange Orange SJ Floating Plants 4 140 Jessamine, Lake 306 Orange Orange SJ Hydrilla 28 11,179 15 5,709 Jessie, Lake 190 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 3 360 Jessie, Lake 190 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 73 45,604 80 15,000 Johns Lake 2,417 FWC Lake SJ Bulrush R 25,000 Johns Lake 2,417 FWC Lake SJ Cattails 4 2,907 10 8,000 Johns Lake 2,417 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 61 5,787 1 100 Johns Lake 2,417 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 242 39,202 140 15,600 Johns Lake 2,417 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700 Johnson Lake 52 Private Alachua SJ Floating Plants 5 550 Johnson Lake 52 Private Alachua SJ Hydrilla 0 175 Johnson Lake 52 Private Alachua SJ Wild taro 0 20 Josephine Creek 20 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2 168 10 950 Josephine Creek 20 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 2 1,535 2 1,440 Josephine Creek 20 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 95 Josephine, Lake 1,236 FWC Highlands SW Bulrush R 7,499 Josephine, Lake 1,236 FWC Highlands SW Tussocks 9 35,190 Josephine, Lake 1,236 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 30 2,518 35 3,325 Josephine, Lake 1,236 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 720 Josephine, Lake 1,236 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 9 455 15 1,425 Juliana, Lake 926 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 3 180 Juliana, Lake 926 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 700 Jumper, Lake 305 Private Alachua SJ Floating Plants 5 625

12 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Jumper, Lake 305 Private Alachua SJ Hydrilla 0 0 June-In-Winter, Lake 3,504 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2 168 5 475 June-In-Winter, Lake 3,504 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 720 June-In-Winter, Lake 3,504 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 51 4 380 June-In-Winter, Lake 3,504 Highlands Highlands SW Wild taro 5 475 Juniper Lake 665 Private Walton NW Tree snagging 27 Kerr, Lake 2,830 Private Marion SJ Floating Plants 21 1,135 25 2,500 Kerr, Lake 2,830 Private Marion SJ Hydrilla 5 150 Kissimmee River 2,340 SFWMD Osceola SF Cattails 9 1,878 15 1,950 Kissimmee River 2,340 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 3,185 383,754 2,140 278,200 Kissimmee River 2,340 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 10 0 Kissimmee River 2,340 SFWMD Osceola SF Alligatorweed 10 1,300 Kissimmee River 2,340 SFWMD Osceola SF Nuphar 10 1,950 Kissimmee River 2,340 SFWMD Osceola SF S. cubensis 6 1,252 25 3,250 Kissimmee River 2,340 SFWMD Osceola SF Smartweed 15 1,950 Kissimmee River 2,340 SFWMD Osceola SF Tussocks 30 3,900 Kissimmee, Lake 34,948 FWC Polk SW Pickerelweed 400 26,442 200 20,000 Kissimmee, Lake 34,948 FWC Polk SW Tussocks 16 76,000 10 0 Kissimmee, Lake 34,948 Polk Osceola SF Floating Plants 78 7,455 50 6,000 Kissimmee, Lake 34,948 Polk Osceola SF Hydrilla 2 1,400 Kissimmee, Lake 34,948 Private Osceola SF Tussocks 20 25,334 25 0 Kissimmee, Lake 34,948 SFWMD Osceola SF Cattails 50 5,000 Kissimmee, Lake 34,948 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 662 79,763 1,500 195,000 Kissimmee, Lake 34,948 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 2,185 1,505,620 2,700 1,488,837 Kissimmee, Lake 34,948 SFWMD Osceola SF Tussocks 9 1,878 Lafayette, lakd 2,000 Private Leon NW Tussocks 50 342,300 Lafayette, Lake 2,000 Private Leon NW Floating Plants 20 1,307 20 2,000 Lafayette, Lake 2,000 Private Leon NW Frog's bit 15 650 Lafayette, Lake 2,000 Private Leon NW Water Lily 5 500 Lawne, Lake 156 FWC Orange SJ Bulrush 525 Lawne, Lake 156 FWC Orange SJ Cattails 113 Lawne, Lake 156 FWC Orange SJ Fence maint. F 2,995 Lawne, Lake 156 FWC Orange SJ Primrose 188 Lawne, Lake 156 FWC Orange SJ Torpedograss 150 Lawne, Lake 156 FWC Orange SJ Wild taro 75 Lawne, Lake 156 Orange Orange SJ Floating Plants 6 210 Lawne, Lake 156 Orange Orange SJ Hydrilla 1 500 Lawne, Lake 156 Orange Orange SJ Limnophilla 1 500 Lelia, Lake 165 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 84 1 95 Lelia, Lake 165 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 767 1 720 Lena, Lake 207 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 311 2 240 Letta Lake 478 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95 Letta Lake 478 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 767 1 720 Letta Lake 478 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 95 Lindsey, Lake 137 Private Hernando SW Nuphar 10 1,250 Lindsey, Lake 137 SWFWMD Hernando SW Floating Plants 6 797 20 1,500 Lindsey, Lake 137 SWFWMD Hernando SW S. cubensis 2 150 Lindsey, Lake 137 SWFWMD Hernando SW Tussocks 9 11,643 5 0 Little Fish Lake 23 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 1 500

13 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Little 5,685 FWC Marion SJ Tussocks 4 400 Little Orange Lake 818 Private Alachua SJ Floating Plants 8 402 7 750 Little Orange Lake 818 Private Alachua SJ Hydrilla 1 350 Little Orange Lake 818 Private Alachua SJ Wild taro 1 200 Little Red Water Lake 66 Highlands Highlands SW Cattails 1 25 1 95 Little Red Water Lake 66 Highlands Highlands SW Pickerelweed 1 25 2 190 Little Red Water Lake 66 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 2 101 5 475 Livingston, Lake 1,203 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 74 7,061 50 6,000 Lizzie, Lake 792 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 2 241 5 650 Lizzie, Lake 792 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 2 2,200 Lizzie, Lake 792 SFWMD Osceola SF S. cubensis 5 650 Lochloosa, Lake 5,705 Private Alachua SJ Floating Plants 6 320 15 1,625 Lochloosa, Lake 5,705 Private Alachua SJ Hydrilla 1 700 Lochloosa, Lake 5,705 Private Alachua SJ Wild taro 5 1,000 Lotela, Lake 802 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95 Lotela, Lake 802 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 2 1,535 2 1,440 Lotela, Lake 802 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 95 Loughman, Lake 600 Brevard Brevard SJ Cattails 1 0 Loughman, Lake 600 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 2 212 1 365 Louisa Lake 3,364 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 7 1,154 4 440 Louise, Lake 145 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 5 2,500 Lower Lake Louise 257 Volusia Volusia SJ Cattails 2 172 Lower Lake Louise 257 Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 9 1,105 14 1,200 Lower Lake Louise 257 Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 6 1,000 200 SFWMD Palm Beach SF Floating Plants 22 2,860 Loxahatchee River 200 SFWMD Palm Beach SF Grasses 2 260 Loxahatchee River 200 SFWMD Palm Beach SF Hygrophilla 5 5,500 Loxahatchee River 200 SFWMD Palm Beach SF Limnophilla 5 5,500 Ltl. 150 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Cattails 1 263 Ltl. Manatee River 150 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 5 1,494 Ltl. Manatee River 150 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Paspalum 2 341 2 527 Ltl. Manatee River 150 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Pennywort 5 1,236 Lucy, Lake 335 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 135 Lucy, Lake 335 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700 Lulu, Lake 301 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 4 357 5 600 Lulu, Lake 301 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 101 62,569 120 20,000 Macy, Lake 17 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 1 118 Manatee River 30 SWFWMD Manatee SW Floating Plants 75 9,981 50 10,000 Manatee River 30 SWFWMD Manatee SW Paragrass 5 1,000 Mann, Lake 244 FWC Orange SJ Bulrush R 1,050 Mann, Lake 244 FWC Orange SJ Cattails 225 Mann, Lake 244 FWC Orange SJ Maidencane 575 Mann, Lake 244 FWC Orange SJ Primrose 75 Mann, Lake 244 FWC Orange SJ Torpedograss 113 Mann, Lake 244 FWC Orange SJ Wild taro 75 Mann, Lake 246 Orange Orange SJ Floating Plants 3 150 Mann, Lake 245 Orange Orange SJ Hydrilla 1 500 Mariam, Lake 199 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 1 48 2 120 Marian, Lake 5,739 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 229 27,592 300 39,000

14 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Marian, Lake 5,739 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 106 49,118 50 33,600 Mariana, Lake 502 FWC Polk SW Fence maint. 2,000 Mariana, Lake 502 FWC Polk SW Grasses 2,400 Marion, Lake 2,990 Polk Polk SF Floating Plants 5 429 25 3,000 Marion, Lake 2,990 Polk Polk SF Hydrilla 5 3,500 Martha, Lake 85 Polk Polk SF Floating Plants 2 120 Martha, Lake 85 Polk Polk SF Hydrilla 2 934 2 700 Martin Bayou 240 Private Bay NW Cattails 15 0 Martin Bayou 240 Private Bay NW Floating Plants 5 500 Mary Jane, Lake 1,158 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 58 6,988 50 6,500 Mattie, Lake 1,078 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 106 10,051 50 3,000 Maude, Lake 55 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Maude, Lake 55 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 700 May, Lake 44 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 143 2 240 May, Lake 44 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1,245 2 1,400 Mcgarrity, Lake 107 Volusia Volusia SJ Alligatorweed 1 98 Mcgarrity, Lake 107 Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 2 286 Mcgarrity, Lake 107 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 5 451 McLeod, Lake 512 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 143 5 300 McLeod, Lake 512 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 Medard Reservoir 647 SWFWMD Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 54 7,177 85 12,000 Medard Reservoir 647 SWFWMD Hillsborough SW Hydrilla 3 1,500 Menzi, Lake 22 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 3 1,556 2 120 Menzi, Lake 22 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 Merritt's Mill Pond 202 Private Jackson NW Eelgrass 5 Merritt's Mill Pond 202 Private Jackson NW Tussocks 15 7,700 80 0 Miccosukee, Lake 6,276 Private Leon NW Floating Plants 1 0 Miccosukee, Lake 6,276 Private Leon NW Hydrilla 1 0 Miccosukee, Lake 6,276 Private Leon NW Nypmphae spp. 50 Middle Lake 215 SWFWMD Pasco SW Floating Plants 35 3,750 Middle Lake 215 SWFWMD Pasco SW Hydrilla 1 25,700 Middle Lake 215 SWFWMD Pasco SW S. cubensis 5 1,000 Middle Lake 216 FWC Pasco SW Bulrush Middle Lake 215 FWC Pasco SW Tussocks Mill Dam, Lake 210 Private Marion SJ Floating Plants 3 300 Mill Dam, Lake 210 Private Marion SJ Hydrilla 0 0 Miller Lake 7 Volusia Volusia SJ Bulrush 2 165 Miller Lake 7 Volusia Volusia SJ Parrot Feather 3 215 Miller Lake 7 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 2 160 Miller Lake 7 Volusia Volusia SJ Tree snagging 1 127 3 250 Minnehaha, Lake 2,261 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 13 2,148 4 440 Minnehaha, Lake 2,261 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700 Minnehaha, Lake 2,261 Lake Lake SJ S. cubensis 1 50 Minneola, Lake 1,888 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 101 2 240 Minneola, Lake 1,888 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700 Miona, Lake 418 SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 2 800 Mirror, Lake 123 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1,245 2 240 Mirror, Lake 123 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1,400 Monroe, Lake 9,406 Private Volusia SJ Hydrilla 10 10,000

15 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Montgomery 36 Private Columbia SR Floating Plants 1 50 Montgomery 36 Private Columbia SR Hydrilla 0 130 Montgomery 36 Private Columbia SR Torpedograss 1 100 Montgomery 36 Private Columbia SR Wild taro 2 400 Moss Lee Lake 129 Private Putnam SJ Cattails 1 200 Moss Lee Lake 129 Private Putnam SJ Floating Plants 2 200 Moss Lee Lake 129 Private Putnam SJ Hydrilla 1 500 Mountain Lake 127 SWFWMD Hernando SW Floating Plants 7 930 15 938 Mountain Lake 127 SWFWMD Hernando SW W.I.Mrsh 15 4,875 10 1,000 Mud Lake 133 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 4 333 10 600 Munson, Lake 255 Private Leon NW Floating Plants 35 2,288 20 2,000 Munson, Lake 255 Private Leon NW Hydrilla 25 24,687 Munson, Lake 255 Private Leon NW Willows 28 1,806 790 SWFWMD Sarasota SW Floating Plants 571 75,886 400 60,000 Myakka River 790 SWFWMD Sarasota SW Frog's bit 5 1,657 10 1,500 Mystic Lake 47 Private Madison SR Floating Plants 1 100 Mystic Lake 47 Private Madison SR Tussocks 3 400 Nassau River 5,785 Private Nassau SJ Floating Plants 25 2,500 Nassau River 5,785 Private Nassau SJ Wild taro 6 1,106 7 1,400 Ned, Lake 74 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 4 381 5 300 Ned, Lake 74 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 3 1,868 5 1,750 Newnans Lake 7,427 Private Alachua SJ Floating Plants 5 266 50 5,000 Newnans Lake 7,427 Private Alachua SJ Tussocks 1 1,791 75 10,000 Norris, Lake 1,131 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 10 1,300 North Lake Talmadge 121 Volusia Volusia SJ Cattails 1 98 North Lake Talmadge 121 Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 2 208 6 500 North Lake Talmadge 121 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 1 49 4 325 North Lake Talmadge 121 Volusia Volusia SJ Wild taro 1 49 Okahumpka, Lake 670 Private Sumter SW Tussocks 44 56,682 Okahumpka, Lake 670 SWFWMD Sumter SW Cattails 35 11,423 Okahumpka, Lake 670 SWFWMD Sumter SW Floating Plants 20 2,658 20 1,500 Okahumpka, Lake 670 SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 167 80,629 250 32,936 Okahumpka, Lake 670 SWFWMD Sumter SW Tussocks 50 5,000 Okeechobee, Lake 446,000 SFWMD Okeechobee SF Torpedograss 2,886 602,209 3,000 500,000 Okeechobee, Lake 446,000 USACE Okeechobee SF Floating Plants 4,543 508,816 Oklawaha River 297 Private Marion SJ Hydrilla 0 82 Olivia, Lake 86 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 360 Orange Lake 12,706 FWC Alachua SJ Wild taro 20 4,000 Orange Lake 12,706 FWC Alachua SJ willows 400 26,221 Orange Lake 12,706 Private Alachua SJ Cattails 34 6,219 Orange Lake 12,706 Private Alachua SJ Floating Plants 483 25,711 315 31,875 Orange Lake 12,706 Private Alachua SJ Hydrilla 10 7,000 Orange Lake 12,706 Private Alachua SJ Tussocks 135 40,077 450 30,000 Orange Lake 12,706 Private Alachua SJ Wild taro 1 92 Osborne, Lake 356 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Floating Plants 25 6,184 35 13,000 Osborne, Lake 356 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Hydrilla 179 126,129 40 32,000 Osborne, Lake 356 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Wild taro 1 750 Palatlakaha River 750 Lake Lake SJ Alligatorweed 3 300 Palatlakaha River 750 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 14 2,291 18 2,030

16 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Palatlakaha River 750 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 9 8,559 18 12,600 Palatlakaha River 750 Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 3 1,302 3 300 Palatlakaha River 750 Lake Lake SJ Tussocks 1 521 Palatlakaha, Lake 101 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 6 952 4 480 Palatlakaha, Lake 101 Lake Lake SJ Paragrass 2 280 Palatlakaha, Lake 101 Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 1 50 Palatlakaha, Lake 101 Lake Lake SJ S. cubensis 1 100 Palatlakaha, Lake 101 Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 1 140 Palestine Lake 911 Private Union SR Floating Plants 2 200 Panasoffkee, Lake 4,460 SWFWMD Sumter SW Floating Plants 225 29,849 175 23,125 Panasoffkee, Lake 4,460 SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 2 724 50 25,000 Panasoffkee, Lake 4,460 SWFWMD Sumter SW Smartweed 1 357 6 1,200 Panasoffkee, Lake 4,460 SWFWMD Sumter SW Tussocks 2 715 5 5,000 Pansy, Lake 50 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Pansy, Lake 50 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 311 2 700 Parker, Lake 2,272 FWC Polk SW Cattails 1 74 8 800 Parker, Lake 2,272 FWC Polk SW Pickerelweed 8 800 Parker, Lake 2,272 FWC Polk SW Primrose 6 600 Parker, Lake 2,272 FWC Polk SW Torpedograss 9 805 10 1,000 Parker, Lake 2,272 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 69 6,526 75 9,000 Parker, Lake 2,272 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 156 97,122 75 417,260 150 SWFWMD Hardee SW Floating Plants 44 5,848 80 12,000 Peace River 150 SWFWMD Hardee SW Pennywort 4 800 Peace River 150 SWFWMD Hardee SW Tussocks 6 1,950 Peace River 150 SWFWMD Hardee SW W.I.Mrsh 1 200 Peace River 150 SWFWMD Hardee SW W.Ntshde 11 3,575 75 11,250 Peacock Lake 148 Private Suwannee SR Floating Plants 5 500 Peacock Lake 148 Private Suwannee SR Hydrilla 0 0 Peacock Lake 148 Private Suwannee SR Torpedograss 2 300 Peacock Lake 148 Private Suwannee SR Wild taro 1 200 Persimmon, Lake 39 FWC highlands SW Bulrush R 1,499 Pierce, Lake 3,729 FWC Polk SF Tussocks 70 0 Pierce, Lake 3,729 Polk Polk SF Floating Plants 6 572 50 6,000 Pierce, Lake 3,729 Polk Polk SF Hydrilla 431 268,330 1,400 1,097,179 Pine Lake 35 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Floating Plants 1 252 5 1,750 Pine Lake 35 Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Hydrilla 7 4,932 20 16,000 Pioneer Lake 93 Highlands Highlands SW Cattails 1 24 Pioneer Lake 93 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 767 1 360 Placid, Lake 3,320 FWC Highlands SW Bulrush 7,500 Placid, Lake 3,320 Highlands Highlands SW Cattails 1 48 Placid, Lake 3,320 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2 190 Pluckebaum 25 Brevard Brevard SJ Brazillian pepper 1 0 Pluckebaum 25 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 15 1,640 Pocket Lake 126 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 5 2,500 Poinsett, Lake 4,334 Brevard Brevard SJ Brazillian pepper 10 907 Poinsett, Lake 4,334 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 64 6,725 200 20,000 Poinsett, Lake 4,334 Private Brevard SJ Floating Plants 124 9,745 Poinsett, Lake 4,334 Private Brevard SJ Hydrilla 10 5,000 Port St John Canal 7 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 0

17 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Rachel Lake 103 Private Madison SR Floating Plants 1 40 3 300 Rachel Lake 103 Private Madison SR Milfoil 20 1,599 5 1,000 150 SWFWMD Marion SW Floating Plants 8 1,063 12 1,850 Rainbow River 150 SWFWMD Marion SW Hydrilla 3 1,448 40 32,000 Red Beach, Lake 335 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2 95 Reedy Creek 100 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 10 1,300 Reedy, Lake 3,486 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 240 Reedy, Lake 3,486 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 700 Rochelle, Lake 578 FWC Polk SW Cattails 5 432 Rochelle, Lake 578 FWC Polk SW Grasses 2,400 Rochelle, Lake 578 FWC Polk SW Tussocks 3 210 9 900 Rochelle, Lake 578 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 7 619 10 1,200 Rochelle, Lake 578 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 458 285,140 250 35,000 Rodman Reservoir 9,600 Private Putnam SJ Cattails 5 1,000 Rodman Reservoir 9,600 Private Putnam SJ Floating Plants 46 2,446 160 18,500 Rodman Reservoir 9,600 Private Putnam SJ Hydrilla 50 35,000 Rosalie, Lake 4,597 Polk Polk SF Floating Plants 166 15,815 75 9,000 Rosalie, Lake 4,597 Polk Polk SF Hydrilla 721 448,722 10 470,810 Rousseau, Lake 4,000 Private Citrus SW Cattails 2 400 Rousseau, Lake 4,000 Private Citrus SW Coontail 10 7,000 Rousseau, Lake 4,000 Private Citrus SW Floating Plants 228 20,736 310 38,500 Rousseau, Lake 4,000 Private Citrus SW Hydrilla 1 522 800 50,000 Rousseau, Lake 4,000 Private Citrus SW S. Naiad 7 1,050 10 7,000 Rousseau, Lake 4,000 Private Citrus SW Tussocks 34 5,364 40 8,000 Rowell Lake 364 Private Bradford SR Cattails 10 2,000 Rowell Lake 364 Private Bradford SR Floating Plants 25 1,976 30 3,000 Rowell Lake 364 Private Bradford SR Hydrilla 80 54,573 5 79,958 Rowell Lake 364 Private Bradford SR Torpedograss 1 200 Rowell Lake 364 Private Bradford SR Wild taro 1 100 2 400 Roy, Lake 78 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 8 4,981 2 240 Roy, Lake 78 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 5 3,500 Runnymede Lake 300 Private Osceola SF Tussocks 231 533,122 Runnymede Lake 300 SFWMD Osceola SF Cattails 20 2,600 Runnymede Lake 300 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 69 8,314 60 7,800 Runnymede Lake 300 SFWMD Osceola SF Nuphar 5 650 Runnymede Lake 300 SFWMD Osceola SF Paragrass 2 260 Russell, Lake 300 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 20 2,410 10 1,300 Ruth Lake 312 Brevard Brevard SJ Cattails 1 0 Ruth Lake 312 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 220 Saddle Creek Park 335 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 63 5,954 30 3,600 Saddle Creek Park 335 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 700 Salt Lake 336 Brevard Brevard SJ Cattails 1 368 Salt Lake 336 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 220 Salt Lake 336 Brevard Brevard SJ Hydrilla 1 0 Sampson Lake 2,042 Private Bradford SR Cattails 14 1,119 50 2,000 Sampson Lake 2,042 Private Bradford SR Floating Plants 40 3,141 40 4,000 Sampson Lake 2,042 Private Bradford SR Hydrilla 10 6,500 Sampson Lake 2,042 Private Bradford SR Torpedograss 1 80 4 800 Sampson Lake 2,042 Private Bradford SR Wild taro 2 400

18 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Sanitary(Mariana) 500 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 240 Santa Fe Lake 4,721 Private Alachua SR Floating Plants 20 1,581 15 1,500 Santa Fe Lake 4,721 Private Alachua SR Torpedograss 1 200 Santa Fe Lake 4,721 Private Alachua SR Wild taro 1 100 5,000 Private Columbia SR Alligatorweed 1 200 Santa Fe River 5,000 Private Columbia SR Floating Plants 78 6,180 200 24,625 Santa Fe River 5,000 Private Columbia SR Hydrilla 5 0 Santa Fe River 5,000 Private Columbia SR Torpedograss 1 100 Santa Fe River 5,000 Private Columbia SR Wild taro 0 20 Savannahs St Park 2,700 SFWMD Martin SF Floating Plants 20 2,600 Savannahs St Park 2,700 SFWMD Martin SF Hydrilla 3 3,300 Sawgrass, Lake 407 SJRWMD Brevard SJ Frog's bit 2 300 Sawgrass, Litle Lake 407 SJRWMD Brevard SJ Floating Plants 3 474 100 10,880 Sawgrass, Litle Lake 74 SJRWMD Brevard SJ Floating Plants 25 2,100 Sears,Lake 82 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Sebring, Lake 468 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 6 504 10 950 Sebring, Lake 468 Highlands Highlands SW S. cubensis 1 51 1 95 Sellers Lake (Pond) 1,050 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 50 Sellers Lake (Pond) 1,050 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 350 Sellers Lake (Pond) 1,050 Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 1 140 Seminole, Lake 716 FWC Pinellas SW Knotgrass 2,500 Seminole, Lake 716 FWC Pinellas SW Maidencane R 2,326 Sheen, Lake 565 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 104 41,523 120 90,000 Shell Creek 48 SWFWMD Charlotte SW Floating Plants 172 22,792 250 37,500 Shell Creek 48 SWFWMD Charlotte SW Hydrilla 2 966 2 1,500 10 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 2 241 10 1,300 Shingle Creek 10 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 2 1,400 Shipp, Lake 283 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 167 2 240 Shipp, Lake 283 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 4 2,490 10 7,000 Silver Lake 120 SWFWMD Hernando SW Hydrilla 20 15,000 (Run) 40 Private Marion SJ Hydrilla 1 210 Silver, Lake 53 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Silver, Lake 52 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 SJR Deleon Springs Private Volusia SJ Hydrilla 5 5,000 SJR, 520 Canal 12 Brevard Brevard SJ Brazillian pepper 1 0 SJR, 520 Canal 12 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 10 1,093 SJR, Tucker canal 26 Brevard Brevard SJ Brazillian pepper 1 0 SJR, Tucker canal 26 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 15 1,740 Smart Lake 275 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 240 Smart Lake 275 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 11 6,848 5 3,500 Sneads Smk 110 Private Jefferson NW Floating Plants 48 3,138 20 2,000 Sneads Smk 110 Private Jefferson NW Hydrilla 1 0 South Lake 1,101 Brevard Brevard SJ Cattails 270 24,482 125 12,287 South Lake 1,101 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 23 2,436 15 1,430 South Lake 1,101 Brevard Brevard SJ Hydrilla 1 0 South Lake Talmadge 60 Volusia Volusia SJ Cattails 1 49 South Lake Talmadge 60 Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 1 65 2 160 South Lake Talmadge 60 Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 1 49 4 320 Spring, Lake 25 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 1 48 2 240

19 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Spring, Lake 25 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1,245 5 3,500 St. Johns River 96,000 Brevard St. Johns SJ Brazillian pepper 8 725 St. Johns River 96,000 Brevard St. Johns SJ Cattails 2 181 St. Johns River 96,000 Brevard St. Johns SJ Floating Plants 47 4,977 St. Johns River 96,000 Private St. Johns SJ Cupscale Grs 5 1,000 St. Johns River 96,000 Private St. Johns SJ Pennywort 5 1,000 St. Johns River 96,000 Private St. Johns SJ Salvinia 10 2,000 St. Johns River 96,000 Private St. Johns SJ Tussocks 140 12,000 St. Johns River 96,000 SJRWMD St. Johns SJ Floating Plants 104 19,619 100 12,000 St. Johns River 96,000 SJRWMD St. Johns SJ Frog's bit 10 1,500 St. Johns River 500 USACE St. Johns SJ Floating Plants 6,428 719,936 Starke Lake 203 FWC Orange SJ Cattails 0 97 1,000 Starke Lake 203 FWC Orange SJ Primrose 1,000 Starke Lake 203 FWC Orange SJ Torpedograss 1 192 1,000 Stearns Creek 45 Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95 Stearns Creek 46 Highlands Highlands SW Wild taro 1 95 Stella, Lake 308 Private Putnam SJ Floating Plants 3 160 3 263 Stella, Lake 308 Private Putnam SJ Torpedograss 1 100 Stella, Lake 308 Private Putnam SJ Wild taro 1 184 1 200 Summit, Lake 67 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 1 48 2 240 Summit, Lake 67 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 623 10 7,000 Surveyors, Lake 293 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 4 357 10 600 Susan, Lake 81 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 9 1,500 2 240 Susan, Lake 81 Lake Lake SJ Paragrass 0 35 Suwannee Lake 63 Private Suwannee SR Floating Plants 40 3,185 4 400 Suwannee River 12,000 Private Dixie SR Floating Plants 257 20,322 305 35,625 Suwannee River 12,000 Private Dixie SR Hydrilla 0 68 5 3,250 Suwannee River 12,000 Private Dixie SR Pennywort 4 320 5 1,000 Suwannee River 12,000 Private Dixie SR Torpedograss 3 500 Suwannee River 12,000 Private Dixie SR Wild taro 1 80 10 2,000 Swift Creek 568 Private Union SR Torpedograss 0 60 Swoope Lake 112 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Swoope Lake 112 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 5 3,256 10 3,500 Talquin, Lake 8,850 Private Gadsden NW Floating Plants 595 38,896 100 12,500 Tarpon, Lake 2,534 SWFWMD Pinellas SW Floating Plants 80 10,632 125 18,750 Tarpon, Lake 2,534 SWFWMD Pinellas SW Hydrilla 20 9,849 350 60,000 Tennessee, Lake 112 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Tenoroc Pits 1,200 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 120 11,385 75 4,500 Tenoroc Pits 1,200 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 Thomas, Lake 73 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 120 Thonotosassa Lake 819 SWFWMD Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 16 2,126 125 9,221 Thonotosassa, Lk 819 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Cattails 6 955 5 1,317 Thonotosassa, Lk 819 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 85 12,848 Thonotosassa, Lk 819 Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Hydrilla 1 595 Thonotosassa, Lk 819 SWFWMD Hillsborough SW Cattails 15 0 Tibet, Lake 1,198 Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 6 210 Tibet, Lake 1,198 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 10 191,891 Tiger, Lake 2,200 FWC Polk SF Cattails 4 238 Tiger, Lake 2,200 FWC Polk SF Pickerelweed 3 172 10 1,000

20 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Tiger, Lake 2,200 Polk Polk SF Floating Plants 243 23,174 75 9,000 Tiger, Lake 2,200 Polk Polk SF Hydrilla 2 1,245 5 3,500 Toschatchee St Preserve Private st. johns SF Floating Plants 10 814 Townsend Lake 110 Private Lafayette SR Wild taro 0 40 Tracy, Lake 136 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 1 48 5 600 Tracy, Lake 136 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1,400 Trafford, Lake 1,494 FWC Collier SF Tussocks 10 141 20 1,250 Trafford, Lake 1,494 SFWMD Collier SF Floating Plants 20 1,300 Trout Lake 273 FWC osceola SF Bulrush R 1,386 Trout Lake 273 FWC osceola SF Cattails 6 463 Trout Lake 273 FWC osceola SF Knotgrass R 598 Trout Lake 273 FWC osceola SF Pickerelweed 10 741 Trout Lake 273 FWC osceola SF Primrose 3 220 Trout Lake 102 Lake Lake SJ Cattails 1 100 Trout Lake 102 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 17 2,806 18 2,480 Trout Lake 102 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 3 2,100 Trout Lake 273 SFWMD osceola SF Floating Plants 2 260 Trout Lake 273 SFWMD osceola SF Hydrilla 1 1,100 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Alligatorweed 12 4,200 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Bladderwort 7 2,450 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Cattails 22 34,307 116 40,600 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Coontail 28 44,280 55 21,800 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Eurasian milfoil 5 2,000 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Fanwort 42 18,900 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 584 127,782 274 89,050 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Fragrant lily 16 24,733 24 8,225 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 285 257,586 520 416,000 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Limnophilla 28 22,000 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Lotus 2 450 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Maidencane 4 1,400 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Milfoil 15 6,750 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Nitella 1 957 12 5,463 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Nuphar 39 61,466 143 50,050 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Paragrass 5 7,978 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Parrot Feather 2 900 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Paspalum 1 350 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Pennywort 5 7,978 59 20,650 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Pickerelweed 8 11,968 15 3,375 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Pondweed 37 14,600 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW S. Naiad 18 28,595 46 20,700 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW S. Naiad 28 43,882 2 900 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Sawgrass 12 19,148 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Smartweed 7 2,450 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Torpedograss 31 49,466 40 13,825 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Tussocks 613 978,366 73 87,000 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW W.Shield 25 11,250 Tsala Apopka 19,111 Citrus Citrus SW Willows 5 7,181 37 12,950 Tulane, Lake 89 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 767 1 360 Turtle Mound Canal 27 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 5 546

21 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved Umatilla, Lake 161 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 25 Upper Myakka Lake 1,020 SWFWMD Sarasota SW Floating Plants 275 41,250 Upper Myakka Lake 1,020 SWFWMD Sarasota SW Frog's bit 10 1,500 Upper Myakka Lake 1,020 SWFWMD Sarasota SW Hydrilla 125 93,953 Upper Myakka Lake 1,020 SWFWMD Sarasota SW Tussocks 5 2,500 Upper Taylor Crk 35 SFWMD Okeechobee SF Floating Plants 339 40,845 100 13,000 Viola, Lake 73 Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 767 1 720 250 Private Jefferson NW Floating Plants 146 9,544 100 12,500 Wacissa River 250 Private Jefferson NW Hydrilla 2 4,950 300 Private Wakulla NW Hydrilla 114 24,523 150 70,000 Wales, Lake 326 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 143 3 180 Wales, Lake 326 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 350 Washington, Lake 4,362 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 20 2,118 Washington, Lake 4,362 Private Brevard SJ Floating Plants 6 431 Washington, Lake 4,363 SJRWMD Brevard SJ Floating Plants 338 64,069 100 15,000 Washington, Lake 4,363 SJRWMD Brevard SJ Hydrilla 75 33,750 Watermellon Pond 531 Private Alachua SR Floating Plants 1 100 Watermellon Pond 531 Private Alachua SR Hydrilla 0 195 Watertown Lake 46 Private Columbia SR Hydrilla 0 68 0 20 Watertown Lake 46 Private Columbia SR Hydrilla 0 130 Watertown Lake 46 Private Columbia SR Torpedograss 0 20 Watertown Lake 46 Private Columbia SR Wild taro 0 20 Wauberg Lake 248 Private Alachua SJ Floating Plants 1 100 Wauberg Lake 248 Private Alachua SJ Torpedograss 1 100 Wauseon Bay 138 Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 5 2,500 150 SWFWMD Hernando SW Floating Plants 2 266 4 600 Weeki Wachee River 150 SWFWMD Hernando SW Hydrilla 28 13,519 85 0 Weeki Wachee River 150 SWFWMD Hernando SW Tussocks 2 400 Weir, Lake 5,685 Private Marion SJ Cattails 1 184 1 200 Weir, Lake 5,685 Private Marion SJ Floating Plants 3 160 20 2,000 Weir, Lake 5,685 Private Marion SJ Hydrilla 2 1,647 5 500 234 Private Orange SJ Floating Plants 45 4,625 Wekiva River 234 Private Orange SJ Hydrilla 5 5,000 Wekiva River 45 Private Levy SR Hydrilla 2 0 Wekiva River 234 Private Orange SJ Hygrophilla 5 6,250 Wekiva River 234 Private Orange SJ Paragrass 25 2,500 Wekiva River 234 Private Orange SJ Revegetation 2 10,000 Wekiva River 234 Private Orange SJ Torpedograss 15 3,000 Wekiva River 234 Private Orange SJ Wild taro 50 10,000 Weohyakapka, Lake 7,532 FWC Polk SF Cattails 5 291 12 1,200 Weohyakapka, Lake 7,532 FWC Polk SF Pickerelweed 10 754 40 4,000 Weohyakapka, Lake 7,532 FWC Polk SF Torpedograss 5 360 12 1,200 Weohyakapka, Lake 7,532 FWC Polk SF Tussocks 5 291 10 1,000 Weohyakapka, Lake 7,532 Polk Polk SF Floating Plants 94 8,908 75 9,000 Weohyakapka, Lake 7,532 Polk Polk SF Hydrilla 2,166 1,348,189 4,000 1,009,280 West Lk Tohopekaliga 18,810 FWC Osceola SF Bulrush 2,500 West Lk Tohopekaliga 18,810 FWC Osceola SF Grasses 155,000 West Lk Tohopekaliga 18,810 FWC Osceola SF Nuphar 100 10,000 West Lk Tohopekaliga 18,810 FWC Osceola SF Tussocks 500 50,000

22 FY 02-03 FY 02-03 FY 03-04 FY 03-04 Water Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Spent Approved Approved West Lk Tohopekaliga 18,810 SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 1,047 126,151 600 78,000 West Lk Tohopekaliga 18,810 SFWMD Osceola SF Frog's bit 50 6,500 West Lk Tohopekaliga 18,810 SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 9,261 6,381,316 5,100 6,003,350 West Lk Tohopekaliga 18,810 SFWMD Osceola SF Tussocks 5 5,000 Wickham Rd, Canal 27 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 5 580 Wildcat Lake 232 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 25 Wildcat Lake 232 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 175 Wilson, Lake 32 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0 19 1 100 Wilson, Lake 32 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 350 Winder, Lake 26 Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 13 1,377 1 109 Winder, Lake 1,496 Private Brevard SJ Floating Plants 176 13,784 200 20,000 Winder, Lake 1,496 Private Brevard SJ Hydrilla 0 0 Winder, Lake 1,496 Private Brevard SJ Wild taro 3 500 Winona, Lake 75 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1 203 4 520 Winona, Lake 75 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 350 Winona, Lake 75 Lake Lake SJ Tussocks 2 200 Winterset, Lake 590 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 240 Winterset, Lake 590 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 311 2 1,400 Withlacoochee R. 647 Private Hamilton SR Floating Plants 1 50 Withlacoochee River 3,600 SWFWMD Citrus SW Floating Plants 950 126,288 800 120,000 Withlacoochee River 3,600 SWFWMD Citrus SW Hydrilla 500 75,000 Withlacoochee River 3,600 SWFWMD Citrus SW S. cubensis 3 1,105 30 6,000 Withlacoochee River 3,600 SWFWMD Citrus SW Wild taro 5 1,250 Wood Lake 150 Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 19 1,810 25 3,000 Wood Lake 150 Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 20 12,452 25 17,500 Yale, Lake 4,042 FWC Lake SJ Cattails 4 2,812 1 4,100 Yale, Lake 4,042 FWC Lake SJ Grasses 25,000 Yale, Lake 4,042 FWC Lake SJ Torpedograss 1 140 Yale, Lake 4,042 Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 29 4,701 22 2,800 Yale, Lake 4,042 Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 3 2,100

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